高考英语一轮复习语法第十二讲定语从句
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年 级 高三 学 科 英语 版 本 人教实验版
内容标题 定语从句
编稿老师 谢小兆
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容:
定语从句
[学习过程]
一、定语从句及相关术语
1. 定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2. 关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;关系副词有 where, when, why 等。关系词常有3个作用:①引导定语从句。②代替先行词。③在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1. who 指人,在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom 指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy (whom )I want to see.
注意:关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替,可省略。
(3) The man( who/whom) you met just now is my friend.
3. which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that 指人时,相当于 who 或者 whom;指物时,相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
高考英语语法专题一轮复习方略第十二讲复合句专题感悟. 1 / 10
语法专题复习方略 第十二讲 复合句
Ⅰ. 名词性从句 ( 用适合的连结词填空 )
1.The question is the film is worth seeing.
分析:此处为 whether 指引的表语从句。 whether 能否。
答案: whether
2.Do you doubt I believe you ?
分析:考察宾语从句。在含有 doubt 的疑问句和否认句中,名词性从句用 that 连结。
在一定句中,用 whether , if 连结。
答案: that
3.This museum is not it was ten years ago.
分析:此为 what 指引的表语从句。
答案: what
4.The reason for his success is he worked hard.
分析:此为 that 指引的表语从句。主语是 reason 或 cause 时,要用 that ,不可以用
because 。
答案: that
5.She dresses well ,but the trouble is the clothes she is wearing don't
go with each other very well.
分析:此为 that 指引的表语从句。
答案: that
6.The suggestion students should learn some practical knowledge is
worth considering.
分析:此为 that 指引的同位语从句,在抽象名词 suggestion 以后,起增补说明的作
用。注意该句要用虚构语气。
答案: that
7.It depends on we have enough time.
专题十二定语从句
1.(2018·北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, which helps
them keep fit.
解析:句意:她和家人都骑自行车上班,这有助于他们保持健康。本题考查定语从句。根据题干可知,从句修饰的是前面的整句话,“她和家人骑自行车上班”这件事充当了定语从句中的主语成分,且此定语从句前出现逗号,是非限制性定语从句,所以用which引导。
2.(2018·天津卷)Kate, whose sister I shared a room with when we
were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
解析:句意:凯特去澳大利亚工作了。上大学期间我和她妹妹住同一房间。本题考查定语从句。先行词为Kate,将先行词代入定语从句后为I shared a room with Kate's sister when we were at college. 由此可见,关系词在定语从句中作定语,先行词指“人”,故填关系代词whose。
3.(2018·江苏卷)Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of
the world are on the same starting line.
解析:句意:无人驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处于同一条起跑线上的领域。考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词an area。将先行词代人定语从句后为China and the rest of the
world are on the same starting line in_the_area. 由此可知先行词与表地点的介词in一起在定语从句中作地点状语,所以要用关系副词where。
4.(2017·北京卷)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives
word
1 / 12 专题十二 句子成分划分与长难句分析
一、学会划分句子成分
1.句子成分
从句法功能的角度讲,句子成分有主要成分和次要成分,主要成分有主语(从句)和谓语;次要成分有宾语(从句)、表语(从句)、定语(从句)、状语(从句)、补足语和同位语(从句)。请看下面句子成分的分析,并注意这些句子成分在句子中的位置。
①主语+谓语结构(主语+不及物动词)
(2018·某某联考)在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes主语have taken place谓语 in my hometown in the past ten years.
②主语+谓语+宾语结构(主语+及物动词+宾语)
(2018·某某第一次诊断)我也注意到他们总是看起来穿的不错,并且总是使得头发和妆容做的很好。
I主语also noticed谓语that they always seemed to dress well,宾语
and_always_had_their_hair_and_make_up_done.
③主语+系动词+表语结构(主语+系动词+主语补语)
(2018·“五个一名校联盟”)由于暴风雨大约200多人失去家园。
Over 200 people主语became系动词homeless表语 as a result of the storm.
④双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
(2018·某某调研测试)当轮到我们组的时候,我们为每一个人做了简单的一顿饭。
When it was our team's turn, we主语made双宾动词a simple dinner直接宾语for everyone间接宾语.
⑤复合宾语结构(主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语)
(2018·某某联考)学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。
The school主语made宾补动词it宾语a rule宾语补语 that the students should stand up when class begins.