高中英语语法 名词性从句讲解(主语和表语从句)
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高中英语语法 名词性从句讲解(主语和表语从句)
1 / 8 高考名词性从句讲解
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面：
1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题（疑问词）+主语+谓语+其它
2. 考查引导词that与what的区别
3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法
4. 考查whether与if的区别：除宾语从句中可以用if，其它从句只能用whether.
5. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题
6. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别
【语法要点剖析】
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
一、主语从句
在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：
What he wants to tell us is not clear.
It is known to us how he became a writer.
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
1. 由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。
例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely.
That you are so indifferent bothers me. That she survived the accident is a miracle.
2. 用连词 whether 引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。例如：Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
备注：It doesn’t matter if 是固定句型。
3.用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分，有意义)。
例如：What you need is more practice. What I want to know is this.
Whatever we do is to serve the people.
*whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句的区分：
Whatever 相当于anything that , 是 what 的强调形式，表示“无论什么”。
Whatever she does is right.
Whoever相当于anyone who,是who 的强调形式，表示“无论谁，任何…的人”。
Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.
Whichever“无论哪个，无论哪些”，既可以指人，也可以指物，可以单独使用，可以修饰名词，也可以后跟of短语。
Whichever book you borrow doesn’t matter to us.
4.用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。)
eg:Where we should leave it is a problem.
When they will come hasn’t been made pubic.
5. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末，但是不能代替由what引导的主语从句。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句 （2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句
（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
即学即练：
1．_____they are most interested in is how they can produce more and better cars.
A. That B. What C. When D. Whether
2．______we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
3. ________ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
4. ______ surprised me most was that such a little boy of seven could play the violin
so well.. 高中英语语法 名词性从句讲解(主语和表语从句)
2 / 8 A. That B. What C. Whether D. When
5. ________ we go swimming every day ______us a lot of good.
A. If…do B. That…do C. If…does D. That…does
6. It ________ Bob drives badly.
A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that
7. It‘s uncertain(不确定） ________ the exhibition will be hold in Shanghai.
A. if B. that C. whether D. how
8. It‘s certain(不确定） ________ the exhibition will be hold in Shanghai.
A. if B. that C. whether D. how
9. ________ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
A. That B. What C. How D. Which
10. ____ we can't have seems better than what we have.
A. What B. Who C. That D. whose
11. ____ you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
12. _______ team will win the match is none of my business.
A. Which B. That C. If D. How
13. _________is going to do the job will be decided by the CEO.
A. That B. Why C. How D. Who
14. _______ we'll finish translating the book depends on the time.
A. When B. Why C. What D. That
二、表语从句
在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有：be, look, remain, seem等。注意：关联词不能省略，并且从句用陈述语序。例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game. That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。但是reason 后面的定语从句可以用why 或that引导。例如：The reason why he was
late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning
【附加】在名词性从句中that与what的区别:
that在名词性从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用，没有意义，不能省略（在宾语从句中能省略）。
如：That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money. what在名词性从句中充当句子成分，起连接作用，有意义，不能省略。what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词+ that。理解为双重身份。
