战略管理(英文版)

Strategic Management o(^_^)o 2012-6-5 XUER 修改+整理

1 名词解释：

1、Strategy: An integrated and coordinated set of commitments

& actions designed to exploit core competencies and gain a

competitive advantage.

2、Strategic Management: Strategic Management is the process

through which organizations analyze and learn from their

internal and external environments, establish strategic direction,

create strategies that are intended to help achieve established

goals, and execute those strategies, all in an effort to satisfy key

organizational stakeholders.

3、Strategic Management consists of the analysis, decisions and

actions an organization undertakes in order to create and

sustain competitive advantages.

4、The strategic management process includes the activities of

internal and external analysis, establishment of strategic

direction, development of strategies for the corporate and

business levels of the organization, development and execution

of an implementation plan, and the establishment of strategic

controls.

5、Vertical integration: The term is used to describe the extent

to which a firm is involved in several stages of the industry

supply chain. Strategic Management o(^_^)o 2012-6-5 XUER 修改+整理

2 6、Horizontal integration: The process of acquiring or merging

with industry competitors to achieve the competitive

advantages that arise from a large size and scope of operations.

7、Diversification strategy describes the scope of the firm in

terms of the industries and markets in which it competes.

8、Related diversification implies organizational involvement in

activities that are somehow related to the dominant or “core”

business of the organization, often through common markets or

similar technologies.

9、Unrelated diversification does not depend on any pattern of

relatedness. Unrelated diversification has lower profitability and

higher risks than those pursuing other corporate-level strategies

such as concentration or related diversification.

10、Organizational fit: When two organizations or business

units are merged or acquisition happened, and the

organizational management processes, cultures, system, and

structures are matching(similar), this is organizational fit.

11、Marketing strategy: Marketing strategy is the plan for

investing marketing efforts and resources (advertising, branding,

distribution, etc.)to achieve business goals.

To support growth strategies

To support a stability or retrenchment strategy Strategic Management o(^_^)o 2012-6-5 XUER 修改+整理

3 12、Economies of scale: Economies of scale refers to the cost

advantages that an enterprise obtains due to expansion. There

are factors that cause a producer’s average cost per unit to fall

as the scale of output is increased. "Economies of scale" is a

long run concept and refers to reductions in unit cost as the size

of a facility and the usage levels of other inputs increase.

（1）Economies of scale. Unit cost reductions associated with a large scale of output

• Larger production runs

• Larger facilities

• Allocating fixed costs

（2）Diseconomies of scale. Unit cost increases associated with a large scale of

output

• Increased bureaucracy associated with large-scale enterprises

• Resulting managerial inefficiencies

13、True economies of scale are cost advantages associated

with large-sized facilities rather than with increased volume

through an existing facility.

14、Life cycle of an industry: Refers to the stages of Introduction, Growth, Maturity and Decline, portrays how sales Strategic Management o(^_^)o 2012-6-5 XUER 修改+整理

4 volume for a product or an entire industry changes over its

lifetime and helps to understand the dynamic nature of strategy.

15、So-called product life cycle: Refers to the product from

entering the market ,the market cycle, until final out of the

market experience.

简答论述：

一、 潜在竞争者出现面临的障碍都有哪些障碍并举例

(Potential competitors∕Entry Barriers P31)

Potential competitors∕Entry Barriers: Forces that keep

new entrants out, providing a level of protection for existing

competitors, are called entry barriers.

Examples of entry barriers commonly found in many

industries include the following:

1、Economies of scale, which occur when it is more efficient to produce a

product in a large facility at higher volume.

2、Large capital requirements, also known as start-up costs ,can prevent a

small competitor from entering an industry.

3、High levels of products differentiation ,which means that some

firms enjoy a loyal customer base, making it harder for a new firm to draw away

customers.

4、High switching costs ,applying not only to suppliers, can be used to

preserve established firms in an industry.