形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
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第 1 页 形容词与副词的比较级与最高级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)与副词有比较级与最高级的变化,即原级、比较级与最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级与最高级有规则变化与不规则变化两种。
一. 形容词的比较级与最高级变化:
1) 规则变化
音节数量 比较级 最高级
单音节 + -er + -est
tall taller tallest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est:
fat fatter fattest
big bigger biggest
sad sadder saddest
音节数量 比较级 最高级
双音节 + -er OR more +
adj + -est OR most
+ adj
以 -y, -ly, 结尾的词,"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est 第 2 页 以 -le, 或者 -ure结尾的词,加-r;以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est
happy happier/ more
happy happiest/ most
happy
yellow yellower/ more
yellow yellowest/
most yellow
simple simpler/ more
simple simplest/ most
simple
tender tenderer/ more
tender tenderest/
most tender
如果你不确认, 用 MORE + OR MOST +
注意:"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est
busy busier busiest
音节数量 比较级 最高级
三个以上的音节 more + adj most + adj
important more important most important
expensive more expensive most expensive
例如: 第 3 页 a. A cat is fast, a tiger is faster but a cheetah is the fastest
b. A car is heavy, a truck is heavier, but a train is the heaviest
c. A park bench is comfortable, a restaurant chair is more
comfortable, but a sofa is the most comfortable
2) 不规则变化
原级 比较级
最高级
good better best
well(健康的)
worse
worst bad
ill(有病的)
old older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
二. 副词的比较级与最高级变化:通常说来,副词的比较级与最高级与形容词的比较级最高级形式相同:
• 短副词后加 -er or -est :
副词 比较级 最高级 第 4 页 hard harder the hardest
late later the latest
fast faster the fastest
例如: Jim works harder than his brother.
Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of
all.
以 -ly结尾的副词, 用 more +副词做比较级, most+副词做最高级 :
副词 比较级 最高级
quietly more quietly most quietly
slowly more slowly most slowly
seriously more seriously most seriously
例如: The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to
understand.
Could you sing more quietly please?
有的副词有不规则的比较级形式
副词 比较级 最高级 第 5 页 badly
worse worst
far farther/further
farthest/furthest
little less least
well better best
例如: The little boy ran further than his friends.
You're driving worse today than yesterday !
注意! 有时候 'most' 意味着 'very':
• We were most grateful for your help
I am most impressed by this application.