形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

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第 1 页 形容词与副词的比较级与最高级

大多数形容词(性质形容词)与副词有比较级与最高级的变化,即原级、比较级与最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级与最高级有规则变化与不规则变化两种。

一. 形容词的比较级与最高级变化:

1) 规则变化

音节数量 比较级 最高级

单音节 + -er + -est

tall taller tallest

以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est:

fat fatter fattest

big bigger biggest

sad sadder saddest

音节数量 比较级 最高级

双音节 + -er OR more +

adj + -est OR most

+ adj

以 -y, -ly, 结尾的词,"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est 第 2 页 以 -le, 或者 -ure结尾的词,加-r;以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est

happy happier/ more

happy happiest/ most

happy

yellow yellower/ more

yellow yellowest/

most yellow

simple simpler/ more

simple simplest/ most

simple

tender tenderer/ more

tender tenderest/

most tender

如果你不确认, 用 MORE + OR MOST +

注意:"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est

busy busier busiest

音节数量 比较级 最高级

三个以上的音节 more + adj most + adj

important more important most important

expensive more expensive most expensive

例如: 第 3 页 a. A cat is fast, a tiger is faster but a cheetah is the fastest

b. A car is heavy, a truck is heavier, but a train is the heaviest

c. A park bench is comfortable, a restaurant chair is more

comfortable, but a sofa is the most comfortable

2) 不规则变化

原级 比较级

最高级

good better best

well(健康的)

worse

worst bad

ill(有病的)

old older/elder oldest/eldest

much/many more most

little less least

far farther/further farthest/furthest

二. 副词的比较级与最高级变化:通常说来,副词的比较级与最高级与形容词的比较级最高级形式相同:

• 短副词后加 -er or -est :

副词 比较级 最高级 第 4 页 hard harder the hardest

late later the latest

fast faster the fastest

例如: Jim works harder than his brother.

Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of

all.

以 -ly结尾的副词, 用 more +副词做比较级, most+副词做最高级 :

副词 比较级 最高级

quietly more quietly most quietly

slowly more slowly most slowly

seriously more seriously most seriously

例如: The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to

understand.

Could you sing more quietly please?

有的副词有不规则的比较级形式

副词 比较级 最高级 第 5 页 badly

worse worst

far farther/further

farthest/furthest

little less least

well better best

例如: The little boy ran further than his friends.

You're driving worse today than yesterday !

注意! 有时候 'most' 意味着 'very':

• We were most grateful for your help

I am most impressed by this application.