2020新译林版高中英语选修一Unit2课文原文及翻译

Unit 2Working the land

Reading

Precision farming hits its target 精准农业正中靶心

When we think of farming, the first image that springs to mind might be of a

farmer working in a field under the baking sun. Face covered in sweat, he might be

walking through the field, carefully checking his crops before deciding what needs to

be done. In modern times, however, this deep-rooted image of a traditional farmer is

being changed. The collaboration between farming and technology has given rise to

precision farming, an approach that equips farmers with the tools and data they need

to make reliable decisions with remarkable accuracy. This evolution is having a

positive impact on farming, while also providing better solutions to the world's

pressing food problems.

当我们想到农业时，脑海中浮现的第一个画面可能就是烈日下一个农民在田地里干活。他满脸大汗，可能正在田间走动，仔细检查他的作物，然后决定需要做什么。然而，在现代，这种根深蒂固的传统农民形象正在被改变。农业和科技之间的合作催生了精准农业，这种方法为农民提供所需的工具和数据，使他们能够非常准确地作出可靠的决定。它旨在通过减少农场的投入和增加其产出，提升粮食生产，保护环境。这种发展正在对农业产生积极影响，同时也为解决世界紧迫的粮食问题提供更好的方案。

It is the advent of modern technology that has turned farming into a highly

precise industry. This latest wave of innovation offers farmers information that is

more detailed, measurements that are more accurate and solutions that are more

effective. Therefore, precision farming is a data-driven approach to the improvement

of food production with the primary goals of reducing a farm's input, increasing its

output and better conserving the environment. These goals can be achieved with a

combination of information-gathering tools like sensors, satellites and drones, and

advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence(Al). With massive amounts of

data on the state of their farmland gathered, analysed and processed in real time,

farmers are able to give the best possible care to the crops that most need it at the

most appropriate time and put their resources to the best use. As an added bonus, the

decline in the amount of unnecessary chemicals minimizes potential threats to the

environment.

现代技术的出现使农业变成了高度精准的行业。这一最新的创新浪潮为农民提供更详细的信息、更精确的测量以及更有效的解决方案。这些可以通过传感器、卫星和无人机等信息收集工具和人工智能(AI)等先进技术的结合来实现。通过实时收集、处理和分析有关农田状况的海量数据，农民能在最适当的时间给最需要的作物尽可能最好的照顾，充分利用好他们的资源。还有一个额外的好处，减少不必要的化学制品的用量使对环境的潜在威胁降到最低限度。

Precision farming boasts a diverse range of application capabilities at different

stages of food production-monitoring, diagnosing, identifying and targeting. Soil

sampling, an example of precision farming in its most fundamental form, provides an

accurate means

for farmers to tend their crops. Field sensors check the soil's moisture, nutrient levels

and pH levels, enabling farmers to monitor their crops at any time, from anywhere. As

the data library builds up, "a big picture" of the soil is revealed so that farmers are

able to accurately assess the condition of the soil in real time, identify potential problems and work out solutions accordingly. For instance, if the soil is found to be

poor in nutrients, not only do farmers know that fertilizer is needed, they can also

calculate the exact amount. Consequently, soil sampling makes it possible for farmers

to create the ideal conditions for their crops to grow and manage their resources

effectively at the same time.

精准农业在粮食生产的不同阶段有各种各样的应用能力-----监测、诊断、识别和定位。土壤采样，精准农业最基本的形式之一 ，为农民提供照料作物的准确手段。田间传感器检查土壤的湿度、养分水平和酸碱度，使农民能够随时随地监测农作物。随着数据库不断扩充，土壤的全貌被显示出来，这样农民就能够准确地实时评估土壤条件，发现潜在的问题并相应地制订解决方案。例如，如果发现土壤养分不足，农民不仅知道需要施肥，还可以计算出确切数量。因此，土壤 采样使农民可以为他们的作物生长创造最合适的条件，同时更有效地管理他们的资源。

While such applications are of enormous benefit, precision farming can reach

a much higher level with the application of artificial intelligence. When used in

farming machines, AI does contribute to increased crop yields as well as simplified

crop tracking, harvesting and processing. AI-controlled machines can now plant and

harvest more crops at faster speeds than humans ever could, while computer vision

can distinguish weeds from crops. Moreover, algorithms based on data gathered by

sensors, drones and satellites can work out site-specific management of the crops.

With such efficiency and accuracy, this technology is ideal for farming crops that

require delicate handling. For example, cotton farmers use drones with AI technology

to carry out specialized tasks: they precisely remove the cotton plants' leaves by

spraying chemicals only on the parts that need them. The drones autonomously

navigate the fields, taking images of the crops, which are then analysed by software.

Once the exact amount needed is determined, the drones spray the chemicals, while

farmers can follow the whole process on a mobile device.

这些用途有巨大的好处，随着人工智能的应用，精准农业可以达到一个更高的水平。当人工智能应用于农业机器时，它的确有助于提高作物产量，并简化作物跟踪、收割和加工。人工智能控制的机器现在能以更快的速度比人类种植和收割更多的作物，而计算机视觉可以区分杂草和作物。此外，基于传感器、无人机和卫星收集的数据的算法可以解决特定地点的农作物管理问题。这项技术非常高效和准确，适合需要精细处理的农作物。例如，棉农使用配备人工智能技术的无人机执行专门的任务:它们只在需要的部位喷洒化学制品，精确地去除棉花植物的叶子。无人机在田间自主导航，拍摄作物图像，然后由软件进行分析。一旦确定所需的确切剂量，无人机就会喷洒化学制品，而农民可以在移动设备上跟踪整个过程。