最新完整版新东方考研英语笔记(2011年考研必备,免费下载)1

2011硕士研究生英语答案北京新东方考研名师周雷唐静王江涛李玉技2011年考研英语的考试刚刚结束，就拿到的真题分析，整体难度与2010年相比，有所下降，但是各部分的题目难度增减不一。

完型填空部分，难度基本上没有变化，但是对词汇的考察有所加强，阅读理解Part A部分不论是从文章的选取和题目的设计，比去年的难度都有一定程度的降低。

阅读理解的PART B 部分，第一次出现了排序题，虽然排序在几种题型中算是难度比较低的，但是命题者通过文章的选择，避免了一些明显的标志词的出现，成功地增加了难度，但是整体而言，此部分难度比去年有所降低。

这次考试，难度降低比较明显的是作文部分。

2010年的文化火锅确实使不少同学在构思和用词上煞费苦心，而今年关于旅游区爱护环境的话题，其文章审题的难度，仅限于高一语文作文的水平，加之环保是考研英语作文的大热点，相信很多同学在考前也有目的地记忆了一些这方面的词汇和句型，写起来一定是更加得心应手。

完型填空题目的文章来自于2009年4月号Scientific American, 作者Steve Ayan, 原文题目为How Humor Makes You Friendlier, Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health。

” But 1despite some claims to the contrary, chuckling probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 produce short-term changes in cardiovascular function and respiration, 3 boosting heart rate, respiratory rate and depth, as well as oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 sustain, a good guffaw is unlikely to have5 measurable cardiovascular benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does。

2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案完整版1-5，ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。

47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。

48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。

49、环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。

50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决与我们自己，之前我们对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。

51. Directions: Write a letter to a friend of yours to 1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendation. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use”Li Ming”instead. Do not write the address.(10points)小作文范文：Dear friends:Recently a lot of new movies, you concern? I recently saw a movie is especially suitable for you.Its name is "If You Are The One".First of all it has very powerful cast. Storyline is very tight.Characters' language is classic and thought-provoking. But, I most like it because it's morals. Dear friends, do you to love the understanding of what? Love is romantic, is costly, is simple, or plain? I think in this movie can be reflected. Perhaps now we still can't clear love, but love is already brimming with our lives, is a part of life.I want to watch the movie, we can understand a lot. Dear friends, do you also see this movie, remember to write and tell me how you feel. Miss you!52、Direction Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing .In your essay ,you should 1) describe the drawing briefly 2) explain its intended measing and 3) give your comments You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)大作文范文：Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man's present efforts can not prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials.What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man -- by his desire for a modern way of life. We make "increasing industrialization" our chief aim.So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children.There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.Isn't it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going-- and why? It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker,"I've some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going. " The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when speaking of our modern society.In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves海天范文Dear my friend,I’m writing to you to recommend one of my favorite movies 'Avatar'.The movie is directed by James Cameron, who is famous with product Titanic. The story is about immigration to planet Pandora, and what happened with local NA'VI. The film is such a wonder that I thought it is well worth watching in one's whole life. 'Avatar' is not just a film about the love story between a 'human' and a NA'VI princess, but also a educational file. From the movie we learned that we must live in harmony with the nature. Therefore I do not hesitate to recommend this movie to you. I am sure you will enjoy the movie.Yours sincerely,Li Ming海天范文What a terrible and shocking scene it is! As is vividly depicted in the drawing above, sitting on the boat and enjoying their sightseeing, a couple of youngsters are throwing rubbish into the sea, with many dead fishes floating on the surface. What is conveyed in the picture is both realistic and thought-provoking.The implied meaning of the given picture can be elaborated in terms of environmental protection and public manners. On the one hand, along with the development of the economy and society, people tend to attach great importance to personal and economic interests, ignoring ecological balance. As a consequence, environment has been polluted so seriously that environmental protection should be put on the agenda immediately. On the other hand, the inappropriate public manners such as littering and spitting are also one of the major factors causing environmental problems. If we let it go as it is, the nature will take revenge on human being sooner or later.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must promote and popularize the sense of environmental protection. For one thing, laws and regulations should be issued to change the practice of sacrificing long-term environmental health forshort-term rapid economic development. For another, some educational campaign should be launched among the public, especially the young, to raise the awareness of public morality. Only in these ways can we achieve sustainable development and live in a harmonious society.。

2011考研英语，新东方英语，赵丽原创：沪江研版版主2005。

尊重原创，转载请注明2011考研英语写在前面：很多人在问“什么是大学英语词汇课堂”，“什么是赵丽词汇”，其实这两个是一回事。

这是在广州新东方网站上对赵丽的介绍：哈工经济学学位。

曾在政府直属建设投资公司中任部门财务总管、办公室主任兼翻译、人事部主任等职，后投身于专项英语教学，多次参加六级、TOEFL、GMAT等国内外英语考试，积累了丰富的应试教学经验。

对应试英语词汇、语法及逻辑等专项有独到见解。

在多年的教学实践中形成了风趣幽默、轻松睿智的教学风格，深受广大学员的喜爱。

听了她那么多课，喜欢上了这个可爱的mm,不知道她的脑袋中怎么会蹦出这么多古怪的想法，习惯了每天坐在电脑前听一课，迷上了不用死记硬背的背单词方法。

这种背单词的方法也不是适合每个人，对于她的看法也是众说纷纭。

丽丽老师在课上也说得很清楚，她讲课的目的就是帮大家记单词，至于词义的扩展就要靠自己在阅读中来提高了。

丽丽老师关于背单词的语录：——不求一词多义，但求迅速突破词汇，哪怕只记住一个意思[解释] 每个人的记忆能力有限，智商由计算能力、理解力、记忆力三方面组成。

如果一天记50个意思，一个单词记25个意思，只能记2个单词，回去做阅读没有成就感，因为可能碰不见；每个单词只记一个意思，做阅读也不可能全碰见，但总有个别的能碰见。

——要有兴趣，兴趣是可以培养的——在不同时间不同地点见过10遍以上一定能记住——关于同义词辨析，翻字典看英英解释区分单词含义——背单词要定计划，每天规定一定数量[解释]最好能合作，男女合作更好，互相考来考去印象最深。

如果性格孤僻的话，就对着镜子说。

——背单词的三种人：1．视觉型：特征：打电话手拿着笔不停写，喜欢看东西。

方法：拿笔反复写，拿眼反复看，不断在文章中重温体会。

2．听觉型：特征：戴耳机听歌，歌曲放过一遍后能记住歌词。

中国人好多是属于这种类型（超级填鸭式教学）。

2011年考研英语(一)真题完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark [A]， [B]， [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bo dily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary， laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels， ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__， a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way， say， walking or jogging does.__6__， instead of straining muscles to build them， as exercise does， laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__，studies dating back to the 1930‘s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles， decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway， the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback，that improve an individual‘s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion， our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears， evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile –or with their lips， which would produce a（n） __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown， ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ ， the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A]， [B]， [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part， the response has been favorable，to say the least. “Hooray！ At last！” wrote Anthony Tommasini， a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise， however， is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini， who had advocatedGilbert‘s appointment in the Times，calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez， that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part， I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure， he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions，but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall， or anywhere else， to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf， or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time， attention， and money of the art-loving public， classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses， dance troupes， theater companies， and museums， but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap， available everywhere， and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‘s live performances； moreover，they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‘s own interest in new musi c has been widely noted： Alex Ross， a classical-music critic， has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different， more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference？ Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed， they must first change the relationship between America‘s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert‘s appoin tment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text， which of the following is true of recordings？[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilb ert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic， the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August， his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses，he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision，” McGee says. Within two weeks， he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group， which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn‘t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholderpressure，executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold， deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter， CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had， according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up， opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：“I can‘t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven‘t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age， saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it‘s safer to stay where you are，but that’s be en fundamentally inverted，” says one headhunter. “The people who‘ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure， his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2，senior executives‘ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” （Line 3， Paragraph 4） most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it‘s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text？[A]CEOs： Where to Go？[B]CEOs： All the Way Up？[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements –still play a major role， companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media ， such marketers act as the initiator for use rs‘ responses. But in some cases，one marketer’s owned media become another marketer‘s paid media – for instance， when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy， effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson， for example， has created BabyCenter， a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besidesgenerating income， the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing， and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more （and more diverse） communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker， more visible， and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media： an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers， other stakeholders， or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks，for instance， are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens， passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products， putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case，the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful， and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor， for example， alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign， which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. T oyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ？[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It‘s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s i nsightful， provocative magazine cover story，“I love My Children， I Hate My Life，” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling，life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable， Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness： instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy， we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard，Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock， as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practicall y every week features at least one celebrity mom， or mom-to-be， smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation， is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ？It doesn‘t seem quite fair， then， to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids， but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world： obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course， the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic， especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples， single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there，considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on； yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，raising a kid on their “own” （read： with round-the-clock help） is a piece of cake.It‘s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous： most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free，happiness-enhancing parenthood aren‘t in some small，subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience，in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4， the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph？[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections：The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45， you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can， Mr Menand points out， became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly， up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities： Literature， languages，philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style： 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However，many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At H arvard， Mr Menand notes，“the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly， only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects：English departments awarded more bachelor‘s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So，at the end of a decade of theses-writing， many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cancut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate， taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law， medicine or business， future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. [E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation，top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process： federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990， but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career： as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation， argues Mr Menand，is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a part icular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge， but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education， concludes Mr Menand， is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise， academics will continue to think dangerously alike， increasingly detached from the societies which they study，investigate and criticize.“Academic inquiry， at least in some fields，may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens， Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas： Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities， and Louis Menand，a professor of English at Harvard University， captured it skillfully.G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）With its theme that “Mi nd is the master weaver，” creating our inner character and outer circumstances， the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.（46）Allen‘s contribution was to take an assumption we all shar e-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter， we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless； this allows us to think one way and act another. However， Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind， and （47） while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone， in reality we are continually faced with a question：“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that？”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire， Allen concluded ：“ We do not attract what we want， but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement；you don‘t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.Part of the fame of Allen‘s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person，they reveal him.” （48） This seems a justification for neglect of those in need， and a rationalization of exploitation， of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. This ，however， would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances， however bad， offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people， then humanity would never have progressed. In fat，（49）circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we f eel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless， as any biographer knows， a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspe ct of Allen‘s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. （50） The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us； where before we were experts in the array of limitations， now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions：Write a letter to a friend of yours to1） recommend one of your favorite movies and2） give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.（10 points）Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160——200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay，you should1） describe the drawing briefly，2）explain it‘s intended meaning， and3） give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）。

新东⽅考研英语笔记整理版⽣活必须主动――07新东⽅考研英语笔记整理版注：1.本笔记根据07新东⽅辅导班（含强化班和冲刺班）现场录⾳整理，百分百正版。

2.历时半年，参考⽆数⽹上资料。

尤其是印建坤阅读部分,他是的资料⼗分零散,整理起来⼗分⾟苦。

3.最好使⽤效果⽅法：本资料、真题和录⾳（尤其是印建坤阅读部分）⼀起复习，最⾼境界是把04－06年真题背下来（注：印⽼师语）。

前提是听过新东⽅07版课n次（n>=1）和细读过历年真题n次（n>=2）。

4.并不是每个部分都值得认真记，推荐阅读和翻译部分。

请注意阅读部分，印建坤风格和以前⽼师有所不同。

要注意概念转换。

5.真题就是经典。

真题是考试之纲，争分之本呀！！6.最后附有“考试⾍”全部技巧以供参考。

7.由于时间⼗分紧张，没有仔细排版校正，请见谅。

8.时间不是关键，致命的是⽅法。

这些技巧都是“技”，要是勤奋练习就是“术”，关键是⽤⼼做事才能修成“道”，如果天分不错最后就是“⽆招胜有招。

⼼中有剑，⼿中⽆剑”的最⾼境界。

加油！9.鸣谢：⼗分感谢过去各位的帮忙和⿎励。

⼀路⾛来因为互相⽀持，我们变得更加坚强。

衷⼼祝愿当春暖花开时，我们会⼼想事成也希望我们会成为好朋友馨馨敬上(注：数字代表做题时间)阅读：90+-10cloze：15+-5新题型：15翻译：20+-5⼩作⽂：15＋－5⼤作⽂：25+-506年outline:最难：完型(a最多) 阅读(b最多)全国最低：7选5(前3个c最多)(后2个d最多)最易：写作具体部分请见阅读和cloze部分。

印建坤阅读技巧+实⼒=成功（培养每⼀种题型能⼒）●速度，准度是成功关键●读⽂章能⼒达标：读⼀遍就知道哪个句⼦会出题●长句读不懂是因为写不出来●要是余2个选项不知如何选，要⽐较2选项侧重点与得分句和辅助句侧重点的关系。

●概率论做题法：分析04-06年，只有05年是4个选项都是5个外，其他2年都是2个5个，1个4个，1个6个，要注意。

2011年考研英语二text1全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1OMG, guys! Have you seen this super long passage from the 2011 GRE English test? It's like, ridiculously long! But don't worry, I'm here to break it down for you in a super simple way. So grab some popcorn and let's dive in!Okay, so in this passage, the author is talking about how technology has changed the way we communicate. Like, back in the olden days, people had to write letters and stuff. Can you imagine?! But now we have things like emails and texts, which make it way easier to keep in touch with our friends and family. It's like, so convenient!But the author also talks about how technology can like, mess up our relationships. Like, sometimes we rely too much on our phones and don't spend enough time talking to each other in person. And that's not cool, because like, face-to-face communication is super important for building strong connections with people.Oh, and there's also something about how technology can be a distraction. Like, instead of focusing on our homework or spending time with our friends, we're always checking our phones for notifications. It's like, so addictive!But at the end of the day, the author is all about finding a balance between using technology and like, actually living our lives. So let's all try to put down our phones sometimes and have some real, live conversations with the people around us. Because that's what really matters in the end, right?So there you have it, guys! That's the scoop on the 2011 GRE English test passage. Remember, technology is awesome, butlet's not forget to connect with each other in real life too. Peace out!篇2Hey guys, do you remember the article we read in class the other day? It was about the low-tech approach to saving our planet. Yeah, that's right, it was from the 2011 English postgraduate entrance exam!The article talked about how simple technologies like the humble clothesline can actually help reduce our carbon footprint.Can you believe that? It's like, back to basics, right? We don't always need fancy gadgets to make a difference in the world.I think the author made some really good points about how we rely too much on high-tech solutions when sometimes the answer is right in front of us. Like using a bike instead of a car or turning off lights when we leave a room. It's all about small changes that can add up to a big impact.I also liked how the article mentioned how developing countries can learn from our mistakes and avoid some of the environmental problems we're facing now. It's important to think about the future and how our actions today will affect the next generation.So yeah, let's all try to be a little more low-tech andeco-friendly. It might not seem like much, but every little bit helps. And who knows, maybe one day we'll look back and be proud of the changes we made to save our planet.篇3Hi guys, today I want to talk about the text 1 in the 2011 English II exam for the postgraduate entrance exam. It was a really tough one, but don't worry, I'm here to break it down for you!So, the text was all about the impact of the Internet on our lives. It talked about how the Internet has changed the way we communicate, learn, and even think. It mentioned how we now have access to endless information at our fingertips, but at the same time, we are bombarded with distractions and sometimes unreliable sources.One of the key points in the text was how the Internet has influenced our reading habits. It mentioned how we now tend to skim through information rather than reading it thoroughly, and how we are becoming more impatient when it comes to digesting long texts.The text also touched on the issue of privacy and security online. With the rise of social media and online shopping, our personal information is more vulnerable than ever. It's important to be aware of the risks and take measures to protect our privacy online.Overall, the text highlighted both the benefits and drawbacks of the Internet in our lives. It's up to us to use this powerful tool wisely and responsibly.In conclusion, the text 1 in the 2011 English II exam was a thought-provoking piece that made us reflect on our relationship with the Internet. It's important to stay informed, becritical of the information we consume, and prioritize our privacy and security online. Let's embrace the opportunities the Internet offers while being mindful of the challenges it poses.篇4Hi guys! Today I want to talk about a super cool text I read in the 2011 English second text! It was about a man named Victor Fleming who trained a horse named Hansom. Hansom was super smart and could do all kinds of tricks like counting and adding numbers!Victor and Hansom were like best buddies and they traveled around performing in shows. People were amazed at how clever Hansom was, and they couldn't believe that a horse could be so talented!But one day, disaster struck. Victor got sick and couldn't perform with Hansom anymore. At first, Victor's wife tried to continue the show, but she wasn't as good as Victor. The audience started to notice that something was off and they began to doubt Hansom's abilities.Eventually, Hansom was sold to a farmer and the amazing horse was forgotten. It was so sad to see Hansom go from being a star to just a regular farm horse. But in the end, Victor realizedthat what made Hansom special wasn't his tricks, but the bond between them.This text taught me that sometimes it's not about being the best or the smartest, but about the connections we make with others. It's important to cherish those relationships and value them above all else.So let's all remember the story of Victor and Hansom and strive to create meaningful connections with the people and animals around us. Who knows, maybe we'll find our own Hansom who will bring joy and wonder into our lives!That's all for now, folks! Remember to always be kind and appreciative of those who bring light into your life. See you next time!篇5Like, omg, I totally read this super long article for the 2011 grad school test and it was like sooo intense! It was all about how technology is changing the way we communicate and stuff.So, basically, the article talked about how back in the day, people would like write letters and stuff to communicate with each other. But now, with all the fancy technology we have, likephones and social media, we can like talk to anyone, anytime, anywhere. It's crazy, right?The article also talked about how all this technology is like changing the way we think and stuff. Like, we're always connected now and we're always multitasking. It's like our brains are always going a mile a minute, you know what I mean?And like, there was this part about how people are using technology to create new ways of communicating, like emojis and gifs and stuff. It's like a whole new language! And it's changing the way we express ourselves and connect with each other.But then, the article also talked about how all this technology can be kinda overwhelming and make us feel disconnected from each other. Like, we're always looking at screens and not really paying attention to the people around us. It's kinda sad, you know?So yeah, this article was super interesting and got me thinking about how technology is changing the way we communicate and relate to each other. It's like a whole new world out there, and we gotta figure out how to navigate it and stay connected with each other. Crazy, right?篇6Hi everyone, my name is Lily and today I want to talk about a text from the 2011 English exam. It's about a study that found out cats are really good at catching prey because of their super flexible spines. Isn't that cool?The text says that cats have a special spring in their spine that lets them twist and turn really quickly when they're chasing after something. Scientists even used high-speed cameras to study how cats move, and they found out that their spines can twist up to 90 degrees in just half a second! That's so fast!I have a cat at home named Whiskers, and now I understand why she's so good at catching mice. She's just like a little ninja with her super flexible spine. It's amazing how animals have all these cool abilities that we don't even know about.The text also talks about how cats are better at hunting than dogs because of their flexible spines. Dogs have a harder time twisting and turning like cats do, which makes cats more successful at catching prey. Maybe that's why there are so many cats living in the wild, while dogs prefer to stay close to humans.I think it's really interesting to learn about how animals are adapted to their environments. It shows that every creature, bigor small, has special skills that help them survive in the wild. So next time you see a cat chasing a bird or a mouse, remember that it's all thanks to their super flexible spines!I hope you enjoyed my little summary of the 2011 English exam text. Maybe next time we can talk about another cool animal fact. See you later, alligator!篇7Hey guys! Today I want to talk to you about this really cool text that I read for the 2011 English language exam. It was super interesting and I want to tell you all about it.So basically, the text was all about how people need to start thinking about the consequences of their actions on the environment. It talked about how our planet is getting more and more polluted because of things like pollution and deforestation. It also mentioned that if we don't start being more careful, there could be some serious consequences for our planet in the future.The text also talked about how important it is for everyone to start working together to make a change. It said that even just making small changes in our everyday lives can have a big impact on the environment. Things like using less plastic, recycling more, and saving energy can all make a difference.I think this text is really important because it shows us that we all have a responsibility to take care of our planet. We need to start thinking about how our actions are affecting the environment and make changes to help protect it.I learned a lot from reading this text and I hope that you guys will start thinking about the environment too. Remember, even small changes can make a big difference! Let's all work together to protect our planet for the future. Bye for now!篇8Hello everybody! Today I'm going to talk about the text 1 in the 2011 Postgraduate Entrance Exam English test. This text is about the concept of happiness and how it is perceived and pursued by people. Let's dive right in and discuss the main points!The text starts by exploring the idea that happiness is a subjective concept, meaning that what makes one person happy may not necessarily bring happiness to another person. It mentions that some people find happiness in material possessions, while others find it in relationships or experiences. This shows that happiness is unique to each individual and can come in many different forms.The text goes on to discuss the pursuit of happiness and how people often chase after material wealth and success in order to feel happy. However, it argues that true happiness cannot be bought with money or achieved through external accomplishments. Instead, true happiness comes from within and is a state of mind that can be cultivated through gratitude, kindness, and positive thinking.The text also touches on the idea of "hedonic adaptation," which is the phenomenon where people quickly adapt to positive changes in their lives and return to their baseline level of happiness. This suggests that constantly seeking external sources of happiness may not lead to long-term fulfillment, as we may eventually become accustomed to them and no longer derive joy from them.In conclusion, the text emphasizes that true happiness comes from within and is not dependent on external factors. It encourages readers to focus on cultivating inner qualities such as gratitude, kindness, and optimism in order to find lasting happiness. So, let's remember to appreciate the little things in life and spread positivity wherever we go!That's all for today's discussion on the 2011 Postgraduate Entrance Exam English test text 1. I hope you found it helpful andinformative. Thanks for listening! Let's all strive to find true happiness in our lives. Bye-bye!篇9Oh, hey there! Let's talk about this super long text we gotta read for the 2011 English postgraduate entrance exam. It's all about education and how different countries handle it. Pretty cool, right?So, the text talks about how in some countries, like Finland and South Korea, students are really good at school and have high test scores. But in other countries, like the United States, students don't do as well on tests. The author thinks it's because of how the education systems are set up in each country.In Finland, for example, students have shorter school days and less homework. They also have a lot of freedom to choose what they want to learn. In South Korea, on the other hand, students have long school days and tons of homework. They also have strict teachers and competitive exams.In the US, the author says there's a lot of focus on test scores and grades. Teachers are under pressure to help students do well on tests, so they often end up teaching to the test instead of focusing on other important skills.The author thinks that the education system in the US needs to change. They believe that students should have more freedom to explore different subjects and learn in a more creative way. They also think that teachers need more support and resources to help students succeed.Overall, the text is saying that there are different ways to approach education, and we should think about what works best for students. It's a pretty interesting topic, don't you think?So, what do you guys think about how education is handled in different countries? Let's chat about it!篇10Hey guys, do you want to know about the 2011 postgraduate entrance exam for English? I'm going to tell you all about it! So, in the exam, there was this text that we had to read and answer questions about. It was all about a study that was done on children's ability to delay gratification.The text talked about this famous experiment called the Marshmallow Test. It was super cool because they gave kids a marshmallow and told them they could eat it right away or wait 15 minutes and get two marshmallows. Can you believe that? I don't think I could wait that long for more marshmallows!The study found that the kids who were able to wait and get two marshmallows had better outcomes later in life. They were more successful and had better self-control. I guess patience really does pay off!The text also talked about how our ability to delay gratification is important in achieving our goals. We have to be able to resist temptations and stay focused on the bigger picture. It's like when you want to play outside with your friends but you have to finish your homework first. It's hard, but it's worth it in the end!Overall, the text was really interesting and taught us an important lesson about self-control and perseverance. It's not always easy to wait for the second marshmallow, but if we can do it, we'll be better off in the long run. So, let's all work on our patience and see where it takes us!。