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3-56 Role of Redox Status in Radiosenisization

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2015IMP&HIRFL Annual Report·157·
3-56Role of Redox Status in Radiosenisization∗
Zhang Hong
Generally,ROS are regarded as host defense molecules that are released by neutrophils to destroy exogenous pathogens such as bacteria and to act as secondary messengers in signal transduction.However,increased produc-tion of ROS is also involved in inducing pathophysiological changes such as apoptosis,cell cycle disruption,and necrosis.For this reason,induction of ROS-mediated damage in cancer cells by pharmacological agents that either promote ROS generation or disable the cellular antioxidant system is considered a potential therapeutic strategy for preferentially killing cancer cells[1].
Cancer cells are in a state of redox imbalance caused by an alteration in the homeostasis of endogenous oxidants and antioxidants[1].This results in increased oxidants within cancer cells.Elevated oxidative stress has been found in many types of cancer cells,due in part to their metabolic rate,which is higher than normal cells.To adapt to this oxidative status,many tumor cells possess strong antioxidant defense mechanisms to counter balance the excessive ROS,maintain redox status,and suppress apoptosis.In cancer cells,the high expression of Nrf-2is involved in the regulation of ARE-mediated gene expression[2],such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1(NQO1),catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD).So the products of these genes protect cells against oxidative stress.It is because of these mechanisms that most of cancer cells neutralize the effects of the oxidative stress and survive, acquire the drug resistance and radiation resistance through the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE signaling pathway[3].
Several studies were carried out to investigate how isoliquiritigenin(ISL),a natural antioxidant,inhibits the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant pathway and enhances the radiosensitivity.Treatment of cancer cells with ISL selectively enhanced transcription and expression of Keap1.Keap1effectively induced ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf2, and inhibited translocation of Nrf2to the nucleus.Consequently,expression of Nrf2downstream genes was reduced, and the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system was suppressed.Endogenous ROS was higher than before ISL treatment, causing redox imbalance,oxidative stress and radiosensitization both in vivo and in vitro[4,5].Taken together,these results demonstrated disturbance of redox status could be a potential target for radiosensitization.
References
[1]J.S.Greenberger,V.E.Kagan,L.Pearce,et al.,Antioxid Redox Signal,3(2001)347.
[2]M.Natsuizaka,H.Kinugasa,S.Kagawa,et al.,Am.J.Cancer Res.,15(2014)29.
[3]G.Yang,K.Zhao,Y.Ju,et al.,Antioxid Redox Signal,18(2013)1906.
[4] C.Sun,H.Zhang,X.F.Ma,et al.,Cell Biochem Biophys.,65(2013)433.
[5] C.Sun,Z.H.Wang,X.X.Liu,et al.,American Journal of Cancer Research,5(2015)1368.
∗Foundation item:Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1432248),National Natural Science Foundation of China(11505245),Western Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y460040XB0)。

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2011年考研英语(一)阅读理解全文翻译及解析

2011年考研英语(一)阅读理解全文翻译及解析

2011年考研英语（一）阅读理解全文翻译及解析来源：文都教育Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。

纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监，这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议。

别的不说，大部分人的反应是积极的。

“好啊，终于好了！” Anthony Tommasini写道，他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。

One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air o f the formidable conductor about him。

” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise。

心房颤动患者射频消融术后3个月内服用胺碘酮对复发的影响

心房颤动患者射频消融术后3个月内服用胺碘酮对复发的影响

心房颤动患者射频消融术后3个月内服用胺碘酮对复发的影响赵烨，王庆亚，徐怡楠，王涛，惠杰（苏州大学附属第一医院心血管内科，江苏苏州215006）摘要：目的探讨心房颤动（房颤）患者接受导管射频消融术后3个月内服用胺碘酮对复发的影响。

方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年3月在苏州大学附属第一医院接受房颤射频消融术治疗的146例患者的临床资料，按房颤射频消融术后是否服用抗心律失常药物胺碘酮分两组：胺碘酮组和对照组，胺碘酮组92例［年龄（56.5±6.87）岁，男性60.0%］，对照组54例［年龄（56.5±6.42）岁，男性64.8%］，对比分析两组患者基本临床资料、术后空白期3个月内的复发及住院情况，以及12个月复发等相关指标的差异。

结果3个月的随访发现，胺碘酮组复发29例（31.5%），对照组复发26例（48.1%），两组复发率比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.045）。

用Kaplan-Meier曲线描述首次记录到的房颤复发时间显示胺碘酮组复发时间明显晚于对照组（Log-rank：P=0.024）。

胺碘酮组再住院患者12例（13.04%），对照组15例（27.78%），两组再住院患者比例比较，差异有统计学意义（P=0.027）。

12个月的随访发现，胺碘酮组92例患者中失访3例，复发23例（25.8%）；对照组54例患者中失访2例，复发16例（30.7%）；两组复发率比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.53）。

结论房颤射频消融术后3个月口服胺碘酮安全，且有效改善患者空白期内的房颤复发，减少再住院率但不能改善术后12个月的复发。

关键词：心房颤动；导管射频消融；胺碘酮；复发中图分类号：R541.7+5文献标志码：A文章编号：1007-9688（2019）03-0294-05Recurrence of arrhythmia following short-term oral amiodarone after catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillationZHAO Ye，WANG Qing-ya，XU Yi-nan，WANG Tao，HUI Jie（Department of Cardiology，The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University，Suzhou，Jiangsu215006，China）Abstract：Objectives To explore the recurrence of arrhythmia following short-term oral amiodarone after catheterablation in patients with atrial fibrillation（AF）.Methods Clinical data of146patients with AF who underwnetradiofrequency ablation from January2015to March2017in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University wereretrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups according to weather or not accepting treatment of oralamiodarone：aminodarone group（n=92，aged56.5±6.87，60.0%was male）and control group（n=54，aged56.5±6.42，64.8%was male）.Clinical characteristics，recurrence and re-hospitalization during3months post-operation，andrecurrence during12months post-operation were analyzed.Results After3-month follow-up，recurrence rate of AFin amiodarone group was31.5%（n=29），which was lower than in control group（n=26，recurrence rate was48.1%）.Significant difference was showed between the two groups（P=0.045）.Time points of first incidence of AF recurrencewas significantly later in amiodarone group than in control group（Log-rank，P=0.024）.Amiodarone group（12/92）showed significantly lower rate of atrial tachyarrhythmia-related hospitalizations than the control group（15/54）（13.04%vs.27.78%，P=0.027）.There were3patients loss to the12-month follow-up in amiodarone group and2in controlgroup.The recurrence rate was not statistically significant between amiodarone group（23/89）and control group（16/52）（25.8%vs.30.7%，P=0.53）.Conclusions Oral amiodarone is safe for3months after radiofrequency ablation inpatients with AF，and is effective in lowering the recurrence of AF during the blank period，reducing thehospitalization rate but not improving the recurrence of AF after12months.Key words：atrial fibrillation；radiofrequency catheter ablation；aminodarone；recurrencedoi：10.3969/j.issn.1007-9688.2019.03.13·论著·作者简介：赵烨（1900-），女，研究生，研究方向为心血管内科，心律失常。

MLA引用规范

MLA引用规范

MLA引用规范目录Citing Books and Other Nonperiodical Publications (2)Citing Articles and Other Publications in Periodicals (6)Citing Miscellaneous Print and Nonprint Sources (8)Citing Electronic Publication (10)著录汉语著作和文章： (15)Citing Books and Other Nonperiodical Publications 1.The Basic Entry: A Book by a Single AuthorAuthor‟s name. Title of the book. Publication InformationExample:Wilson, Frank R. The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture. New Y ork: Pantheon, 1998.注意：书籍的整个标题都需要标注下划线，但是标题后面的英文句号不得标注下划线。

2.An Anthology or a CompilationFeldman, Paula R., ed. British Women Poets of the Romantic Era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997.注：上例中UP是University Press的缩写。

3.Two or More Books by the Same AuthorBorroff, Marie. Language and the Past: V erbal Artistry in Frost, Stevens, and Moore.Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1979.---. American Poetry after 1900. New Y ork: Norton, 1991.---, trans. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. New Y ork: Norton, 1967.---, ed. Wallace Stevens: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1963.注意：只在第一个条目中注明作者姓名，以后条目中均用“---”来代替作者姓名。

Rho激酶抑制剂Y27632促进人诱导多能干细胞来源原始神经上皮细胞向多巴胺能神经前体细胞的转化

Rho激酶抑制剂Y27632促进人诱导多能干细胞来源原始神经上皮细胞向多巴胺能神经前体细胞的转化

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pharmacological cardiopro-tection［J］.Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2018,315(5):H1341-52.［38］Brenner D,Mak TW.Mitochondrial cell death effectors［J］.Curr Opin Cell Biol,2009,21(6):871-7.（编辑：经媛） J South Med Univ,2024,44(2):226-235··235帕金森病（PD ）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，是60岁以上人群中第2常见的神经退行性疾病，其主要原因是黑质致密部（SNc ）多巴胺能（DA ）神经元的死亡和含α-突触核蛋白的路易体的形成［1］。