1)合理的：logical，rational, reasonable, sound, cerebral, intellectualadvisable2)否认，拒绝，驳斥：contradict, dispute, refute, renounce, naysay,gainsay, reject, repudiate, discredit, rebut, negate, dissent, protest, disprove，repudiate3)轻视，贬抑：disdain, despise, reject, scorn, contempt, derogate,disparage, depreciate4)残忍的，野蛮的：ferocious, bloodthirsty, brutal, cruel, fierce, vicious,wild, atrocious5)邪恶的，有害的：sinister, diabolic, corrupt, forbidding, pernicious,virulent, deleterious6)节约的，谨慎的：frugal, prudent, saving, economical, sparing, thrifty,abstemious, meticulous, wary, circumspect, cautious7)浪费的：prodigal, extravagant, lavish, spendthrift, wasteful, squander8)欺骗：deceive, beguile, dupe, hoax, bamboozle, cheat, delude,hoodwink9)后悔，哀叹: deplore, bemoan, regret, lament, dirge, bewail, repent10)例外的，奇特的，罕见的：exceptional, stupendous, miraculous,marvelous11)取消，撤销，废除：repeal, nullify, abolish, quash, withdraw, abrogate12)持久的：everlasting, perceptual, permanent, endurable, abiding,eternal13)短暂的: momentary, temporary, transient, ephemeral, evanescent,provisional14)相称的：condign, fitting, proper, suitable, appropriate15)妨碍，阻挠：filibuster, encumber, impede, hamper, hinder, stymie,curb, obstruct16)促进, 帮助：precipitate, accelerate, avail, advance, facilitate, hasten,promote, quicken, foster, bolster17)开始：initiate, embark on, inaugurate18)提供：furnish, render, accommodate19)废除：repeal, nullify, abolish, quash, withdraw, abrogate20)加强，巩固：strengthen, enhance, reinforce, intensify, consolidate,upgrade, heighten21)激励：motivate, stimulate, inspire, encourage, provoke, arouse22)固执的：headstrong, obstinate, stubborn, willful, firm, dogged,adamant, tenacious23)忠诚：fidelity, allegiance, attachment, devotion, faith, fealty, loyalty24)精确，精准：accuracy, exactness, exactitude, precision25)合适的：condign, fitting, proper, suitable, appropriate, felicitous26)合理的：possible, rational, reasonable, feasible, practical, legitimate,plausible27)重要的：important, essential, significant, vital, imperative, necessary,indispensable, paramount, crucial, primary, high-ranking, decisive28)微不足道的：trivial, frivolous, measly, paltry, superficial, trifling,worthless, venial, insignificant, unimportant, negligible29)影响：affect, influence, impact, change, modify30)教育：teach, educate, instruct, tutor, impart, instill31)阐述，解释：explain, account for, clarify, demonstrate, illustrate,illuminate, enlighten, explicate, expound, justify32)声称：claim, mention, assert33)假设：assume, suppose, hypothesize, speculate, surmise, postulate,conjecture34)有关的：related, connected, linked, relevant, correlated, interrelated,associated，pertinent35)有用的：useful, helpful, beneficial, positive, constructive, valuable,effective, functional, rewarding, salutary36)导致：lead to, cause, generate, engender, render, trigger, give rise to,contribute to，result in37)因为：result from, because, since, owing to, because of, since, for, onaccount of, on ground of, be attributed to38)举例：for example, for instance, as a case in point, to be specific,imagine, suppose39)强调：stress, emphasize, highlight, underline, underscore, insist40)解决，处理：deal with, solve, resolve, crack, tackle, unravel,surmount, overcome, address, decipher, figure out41)获得，得到：get, receive, obtain, acquire, harvest, attain42)认为：think，deem, reckon, embrace the idea that, believe, suppose43)给予：give, impart, bestow, offer, provide44)成功：succeed, achieve, accomplish, prosper, thrive45)勤奋的：hard-working, diligent, industrious, assiduous, productive46)令人信服的：convincing, persuasive, compelling, captivating,enthralling, forceful, powerful47)创新的：creative, innovative, original, imaginative, inventive,resourceful, ingenious, productive48)传统的：conventional, formulaic, orthodox49)削弱，损害：undermine, founder, destabilize, demoralize, weaken,challenge, deteriorate, degrade, emasculate, enervate, devitalize, exacerbate50)可得到的：available, accessible, obtainable51)理解：understand, comprehend, grasp, apprehend, recognize, realize,be aware of52)独有的：distinct, characteristic, unique, typical53)不同的：difference, diverse, separate, discrete54)可疑的：doubtful, implausible, dubious55)替代：supplant, replace, swap, substitute, take the place of56)证明：vindicate, justify, exonerate, support, defend, exculpate,substantiate, corroborate57)虚假的，错误的：spurious, fallacious, flawed, specious, forged58)使困惑：perplex, confuse, mystify, puzzle, confound, baffle, bewilder59)支持：support, espouse, bolster up, prop up, endorse, favor,champion60)缓解，缓和：release, alleviate, mitigate, moderate, lessen, pacify,assuage, mollify61)实施：implement, execute, carry out62)利用：utilize, make use of, avail, employ, exploit, manipulate63)明显的：obvious, conspicuous, noticeable, prominent, striking,apparent, evident, seeming64)无处不在的：pervasive, widespread, ubiquitous, prevalent, abundant65)挑战，质疑：challenge, defy, question, dispute, take issue with66)熟练的：adept, skillful, adroit, proficient67)激增：multiply, propagate, proliferate, burgeon, magnify, enlarge,reproduce, mushroom68)传播：promulgate, broadcast, circulate, spread, propagandize69)共识：consensus, agreement, concord70)难理解的：impenetrable, obscure, incomprehensible, indistinct,shadowy71)暗示：suggest, hint, allude, imply, infer, indicate72)有声誉的：renowned, famous, distinguished, prominent, eminent,acclaimed73)乐观的：sanguine, hopeful, buoyant, optimistic74)合作：cooperate, collaborate, conjoin, ally75)评估：estimate, approximate, calculate, reckon76)承受：endure, resist, withstand, undergo, maintain, tolerate, sustain,put up with77)相同的：same, identical, congruent, parallel78)根除：get rid of, eradicate, exterminate, eliminate79)昂贵的：expensive, costly, luxurious, prohibitive80)对手：rival, opponent, adversary81)坚定的：steadfast, unshakable, unswerving, invariable82)优于：advantageous, superior, beneficial, profitable, gainful83)引起争议的：contentious, disputable, controversial84)世界性的：cosmopolitan, universal, worldwide85)拖拉的：laggard, draggy, dilatory86)灾难性的：disastrous, catastrophic, fatal综合写作：针对以上信息总结积累综合写作常用表达(1)关联词表示转折与对比：however/ instead/ on the contrary/ in contrast with/ nevertheless/ rather than/ by contrast/ on the other hand表示强调：remember that/ and most important is that/ a major development is that/ the basic concept here is/ the important idea is表示例证：for example/ for instance/ A is an example of B/ namely/ to give a specific examplein addition/ further more/ in the same manner/ another reason is/ that brings us to/ what I want to talk about is that发表意见：according to / personally/ in my opinion下结论：all in all/ in sum/ in conclusion/ in consequence/ consequently/ finally/ therefore（2）反驳关系的常用表述动词类：refute\ challenge\ doubt\ deny\ rebut\ counter\ cast doubt on\ contradict\ oppose\ object to\ disagree with\ disapprove of形容词短语类：be contradictory\ conflicting\ opposing\ contrary\ opposite to\ different from副词短语类：in contrast\ conversely\ however\ actually\ in fact\ indeed连词类：while\ whereas（3）针对材料的具体表达词汇1)合理的：logical，rational, reasonable, sound, cerebral, intellectual, advisable2)否认，拒绝，驳斥：contradict, dispute, refute, renounce, naysay, gainsay, reject, repudiate, discredit, rebut, negate, dissent, protest, disprove3)邪恶的，有害的：sinister, diabolic, corrupt, forbidding, pernicious, virulent, deleterious4)妨碍，阻挠：filibuster, encumber, impede, hamper, hinder, stymie, curb, obstruct5)促进, 帮助：precipitate, accelerate, avail, advance, facilitate, hasten, promote, quicken, foster6)加强，巩固：strengthen, enhance, reinforce, intensify, consolidate, upgrade, heighten7)合适的：condign, fitting, proper, suitable, appropriate, felicitous8)合理的：possible, rational, reasonable, feasible, practical, legitimate, plausible9)阐述，解释：explain, account for, clarify, demonstrate, illustrate, illuminate, enlighten, explicate, expound, justify10)声称：claim, mention, assert11)假设：assume, suppose, hypothesize, speculate, surmise, postulate, conjecture，12)有关的：related, connected, linked, relevant, correlated, interrelated, associated pertinent13)有用的：useful, helpful, beneficial, positive, constructive, valuable, effective, functional, rewarding, salutary，14)导致：lead to, cause, generate, engender, render, trigger, give rise to, contribute to15)因为：result from, because, since, owing to, because of, since, for, on account of, on ground of, be attributed to16)解决，处理：deal with, solve, resolve, crack, tackle, unravel, surmount, overcome, address, decipher, figure out17)认为：think，deem, reckon, embrace the idea that, believe, suppose18)令人信服的：convincing, persuasive, compelling, captivating, enthralling, forceful, powerful19)削弱，损害：undermine, founder, destabilize, demoralize, weaken, challenge, deteriorate, degrade, emasculate, enervate, devitalize, exacerbate20)不同的：difference, diverse, separate, discrete21)可疑的：doubtful, implausible, dubious22)证明：vindicate, justify, exonerate, support, defend, exculpate, substantiate, corroborate23)虚假的，错误的：spurious, fallacious, flawed, specious, forged24)支持：support, espouse, bolster up, prop up, endorse, favor, champion25)利用：utilize, make use of, avail, employ, exploit26)挑战，质疑：challenge, defy, question, dispute, take issue with27)引起争议的：contentious, disputable, controversial28)灾难性的：disastrous, catastrophic, fatalWorking in a less intellectually challenging working environment, employees will be complacent and stall, thus losing their competitive edge in the long run.。
