现在完成时用法解析

现在完成时用法解析1.构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。

助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。

它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。

过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。

2.用法(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。

常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。

如：-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你(已经)吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。

(现在我不饿了)(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。

常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。

(可能还要继续教)I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。

(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。

如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

3.现在完成时的时间状语(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。

如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。

但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a. 用副词already和yet。

already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。

多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。

如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。

例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。

例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗？我没有。

How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。

如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。

要用，必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。

现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→be here begin(start)→be ondie →be dead come back→be backleave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)get up→be up go out →be outfinish →be over put on →wear 或be onopen →be open join →be in或be a member of…close →be closed go to school→be a studentborrow →keep buy →havecatch(a cold)→have(a cold) get to know →knowbegin to study→study come to work→work等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。

4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。

但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。

如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。

试比较：I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。

(现在还未找到)I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。

(昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明)5.几点注意事项(1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。

如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。

(2)如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。

如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。

现在完成时用法专练一、单项选择1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.A. joinedB. be inC. been inD. joined in2. We have been friends since ______.A. childrenB. five yearsC. five years agoD. five years before3. Mike ___________ the story for a month.A. has boughtB. has hadC. had hadD. has borrowed4. You ______ that question three times.A. already askedB. have already askedC. already have askedD. asked already5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.A. since last weekB. a week agoC. for a weekD. since a week ago6. I _____ at this school for two years.A. am studyingB. studyC. studiedD. have studied7. They _________ in the city since last summer.A. liveB. didn’t liveC. have livedD. live8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992.A. sinceB. fromC. afterD. in9. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.A. has been toB. has been inC. has come toD. came to10. His father _______ for years.A. has diedB. has been deadC. diedD. dies11. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice.A. won’t go, sawB. won’t go, will seeC. won’t go, has seenD. didn’t go, sees12.---- Would you like some more food?----Thank you. I _______ enough.A. will haveB. have hadC. haveD. had13. ______ you ______ England? Yes, it _____ a beautiful country.A. Will, gone to, wasB.Have, been to, isC. Had, been to, isD.Have, gone to, is14. ----_______ you _______ to Beijing?----No, I ______.I ______ there early next month.A. Have, been, haven’t, am goingB. Had, been, hadn’t, am goingC. Have, gone, haven’t, was goingD. Did,go, didn’t, was going15. ---You sister ______ to London to study English. Is that true?---Yes , she ___ there for two months.A. has been, has beenB. will go, has goneC. gone, will beD. has gone, has been16. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days agoA. boughtB. boughtC. boughtD. has bought17. —Where is Li Lei? —He ___ Shanghai.A. has gone toB. has been toC. went toD. goes to18. He _______ his homework and is now listening to music.A.. finishesB. has finishedC. finishD. is finishing19. David _______ Shanghai for more than three months.A. came toB. has been toC. has been inD. has come to20. --- Is your father a Party member?--- Yes, he ____ the party three years ago. He _____ a Party member for three years.A. joined; has beenB. has joined; has beenC. was joined; isD. joined; was21. ---What a nice bike! How lone ____ you ____ it? ----Just five weeks.A. will; buyB. did; buyC. are; havingD. have; had22. I ______ this book for a week .I have to return it now.A. borrowedB. have borrowedC. keptD. have kept23. ----______ your sister _______ in Green China for a long time?----Yes. She joined it five years ago.A. Has; beenB. Have; beenC. Has; joinedD. Have; joined24. ---How long have you _______ from the USA? ----For three months.A. come backB. returnedC. go backD. been back25. I _____ this book for half a year.A. have boughtB. have hadC. boughtD. had26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _______ for a year.A. has leftB. has goneC. has been awayD. has gone away27. --- ______ you______ your homework yet? ---Yes, I _____ it just now.A. Did; do; finishedB. Have; done; finishedC. Have; done; have finishedD. Will; do; finish28. The sand storm weather ______ in Beijing several times this year.A. happenB. happenedC. has happenedD. have happened29. ---How long have you been here? --- ____ last month.A. ForB. UntilC. BeforeD. Since30. He ____ a cold for three days.A. has caughtB. has hadC. has gotD. caught31. Jim Green ____ in China for two years.A. has comeB. has beenC. has arrivedD. came32. The film ____ for half an hour.A. has been onB. has begunC. hasn’t begunD. began33.—Where have you _______ these days？—I have to Beijing with my friends．A. been；goneB. been；beenC. gone；beenD. gone；gone34．How long have you _______ this book？A. bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent35. We have lived here _______ five years ago．A. when B．since C．before D．after36．—I have watched the game．—When _____you _______ it？A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watch D．will；watch 37．—How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black？—Oh，I _______ such a beautiful city．A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited 38．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone39.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice ______ he came to Yunnan．A．after B．before C．since D．for40．His grandpa _______ for two years．A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died 41．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou？—Yes，I_______ there with my family last August．A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in42. His sister ______ her hometown for three years. She'll return next year．A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from二．用适当形式填空1. I_______ already _______ (see) the film. I _________ (see) it last week.2. ----- _______ he ________(finish) his work today ? ------Not yet .3. -----_____you _______(be) to Hong Kong ?----Yes, I ________________ (be) there twice .4. -----_______ you ever ________(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? ----No, never.5. My father ____ just ________ (come) back from work. He is tired now.6. Where’s Li Ming ? He ____________ (go) to the teacher’s office.7. Shanghai _______ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it ____ (become) a large city.8. I _____________ (work) here since I __________ (move) here in 1999.9. So far I ______________(make) quite a few friends here.10. ---How long ______ the Smiths ________(stay)here? ---- For two weeks.11. --- I ___________ (see) the film “Chicken Run”.--- Where and when ________ you _______ (see) it?--- Last week.12. Mary _____ already _______ (have) her supper.13. I ____________ (not want) to see the film. I ___________ (see) it with my parents. We _________ (see) it last Sunday.14. ---______ Uncle Wang ______ (mend) the TV yet? ---Yes, he______.---When _____ he _____ it? --- Yesterday.15. ______ you _______ (read) today’s newspaper yet?16. They _____already_____(do) their homework. But they don’tknow what_____ (do) next.17. ---____ you _____ (see) the film last night?---No, I ___________ (see) it for several times.18. She ____________ (be) ill for three days.19. My father ___________ ( buy) a book for me yesterday. He____ already_________(pay) fifty yuan for it.20. She____________ (not read) this book before.21. ____ you ever __________ (travel) on a train before?22. --- ____ Wei Hua _____ (come) yet?---Yes. She_______ (come) already. She ______ (come) just now.23. ---How long _____you __________(learn) English?---For more than two years.24. They _______________ (live) in China since they _____ (move) to China.三．句型转换(每空一词)。