盐湖资料
- 格式：pdf
- 大小：485.57 KB
- 文档页数：8
Keywords Qinghai–Xizang Plateau Á Chloropinnoite Á Hydrated magnesium borate Á Phase equilibrium Á Geochemical hypothesis
X. Li (&) Department of Environmental Science, College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, No.199 Chang’an South Street, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China e-mail: lixiaoping@; leexpok@
Introduction
Salt lakes are naturally occurring complex bodies of water and salt. It is well known that so many salt lakes exist in China, especially in Qinghai–Tibet plateau. It is well known for the high concentration of lithium, boron and potassium in the world. Many years ago, plenty of borax commercial products came from China and spread all over the world. Nowadays, 34 kinds of salt minerals were discovered in Chaidan Basin, China, and 12 of which were borate deposits, distributing in Da Chaidan Salt Lake and Xiao Chaidam Salt Lake (Table 1). This borate was MgSO4-subtype (Gao and Li 1981, 1982; Gao et al. 1994), such as hungtsaite (MgOÁ2B2O3Á9H2O), carboborite (MgOÁ2CaOÁB2O3Á2CO2Á8H2O), hydrochlorborite (3CaOÁ CaCl2Á4B2O3Á2H2O), trigonomagneborite (MgOÁ3B2O3Á 7.5H2O), hungtsaite (MgOÁ2B2O3Á9H2O), inderite (2MgOÁ 3B2O3Á15H2O), kurnakovite (2MgOÁ3B2O3Á15H2O) and pinnoite (MgOÁB2O3Á3H2O). However, a new borate, similar to the ‘‘eutectic borate’’ which was written as XMgOÁYB2O3ÁMgCl2ÁZH2O (Valyashko 1968), chloropinnoite with the chemical formula 2MgOÁ2B2O3Á MgCl2Á14H2O, was obtained from the natural concentrated salt lake brine in Qinghai–Xizang Plateau (Gao and Chang 1986; Gao et al. 1990).
Environ Earth Sci (2012) 66:1431–1438 DOI 10.1007/s12665-011-1354-8
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Geochemical hypothesis for hydrated magnesium borate deposit in Salt Lake, NW China
Materials and methods
Study area
The study area was located at Chaidamu Basin (35°000– 39°200N, 90°160–99°160E), northwest of Qinghai province. More than 20 salt lakes are distributing there. Dacaidan Lake and Xiaocaidan Lake are the two famous salt lakes in this basin (Fig. 1). The total area of the study site was about 260,000 km2, with an evaporation range of approximately 2,400–2,600 mm and annual precipitation of about 15–500 mm. The average annual air temperature was -5.6 to 8.6°C.
MgB2O4Á3H2O (MgOÁB2O3Á3H2O) Mg2B2O5ÁnH2O [2MgOÁB2O3ÁnH2O
(n = 2, 1, 0.5)] Mg2B6O11Á15H2O(A) (2MgOÁ3 B2O3Á15H2O) Mg2B6O11Á15H2O(B) (2MgOÁ3 B2O3Á15H2O) MgB4O7Á9H2O (MgOÁ2B2O3Á 9H2O) Li2B4O7Á3H2O (Li2OÁ2B2O3Á3H2O) K2CaB8O14Á12 H2O (K2OÁCaOÁ4B2O3Á12H2O) LiB5O8Á5H2O (Li2OÁ5 B2O3Á10H2O) NaCa B10O17Á8H2O (Na2OÁ2CaOÁ5 B2O3Á16H2O) MgB6O10Á7H2O (MgOÁ3B2O3Á7H2O) MgB6O10Á7.5H2O (MgOÁ3 B2O3Á7.5H2O) CaB6O10Á4 H2O (CaOÁ3 B2O3Á4H2O)
hydrated magnesium borate mineral deposited in Qinghai– Xizang Plateau was proposed with aid of experiments of chloropinnoite dissolved in water and boric acid solution.
Abstract Chloropinnoite, 2MgOÁ2B2O3ÁMgCl2Á14H2O, was a new borate, obtained from the natural concentrated salt lake brine in Qinghai–Xizang Plateau, P. R. China. The phase transitions from chloropinnoite dissolved in water and boric acid solution would strongly consist of magnesium borate minerals deposited in a salt lake of China. The obtained results from phase relations and kinetic mechanism of chloropinnoite–water/boric acid system would further propose a new geochemical hypothesis for hydrated magnesium borate deposition. The chloropinnoite was diluted by rich boric acid or solution, and it would accelerate the phase transition of chloropinnoite into other borates, which would explain well the geochemical formation of hydrated borate minerals deposited in Qinghai– Xizang Plateau, China.
Biborates Triborates Teraborates
Pentaborates Hexaborates
Pinnoite Ascharite
Inderite Kurnakovite Hungchaniite Dilithium tetraborate trihydrate Aksaite double salt Lithium pentaborate pentahydrate Ulexite Admontite Macallisterite Priceite
123
1432
Environ Earth Sci (2012) 66:1431–1438
Table 1 The molecular formula of different hydrate polyborates distribution in China
Polyborate
Name
Chemical formula
XiaopinБайду номын сангаас Li • Zhihong Liu • Shiyang Gao • Shuping Xia
Received: 7 April 2009 / Accepted: 8 September 2011 / Published online: 8 November 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011
Shiyang Gao and his group have studied the phase relations and kinetic process of chloropinnoite (Gao and Chang 1986; Gao et al. 1990; Lu et al. 1998; Li et al. 1995, 2004a, b, 2006; Liu et al. 2002a, 2003a, b, 2006, 2008; Zuo and Liu 2010). The results indicated that the magnesium borate minerals deposited in Qinghai–Xizang Plateau have a strong relationship with phase transition of chloropinnoite. However, the geochemical formation mechanism of borate minerals was not yet clear. In this present work, a new geochemical hypothesis to elucidate the mechanism of
X. Li (&) Department of Environmental Science, College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, No.199 Chang’an South Street, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China e-mail: lixiaoping@; leexpok@
Introduction
Salt lakes are naturally occurring complex bodies of water and salt. It is well known that so many salt lakes exist in China, especially in Qinghai–Tibet plateau. It is well known for the high concentration of lithium, boron and potassium in the world. Many years ago, plenty of borax commercial products came from China and spread all over the world. Nowadays, 34 kinds of salt minerals were discovered in Chaidan Basin, China, and 12 of which were borate deposits, distributing in Da Chaidan Salt Lake and Xiao Chaidam Salt Lake (Table 1). This borate was MgSO4-subtype (Gao and Li 1981, 1982; Gao et al. 1994), such as hungtsaite (MgOÁ2B2O3Á9H2O), carboborite (MgOÁ2CaOÁB2O3Á2CO2Á8H2O), hydrochlorborite (3CaOÁ CaCl2Á4B2O3Á2H2O), trigonomagneborite (MgOÁ3B2O3Á 7.5H2O), hungtsaite (MgOÁ2B2O3Á9H2O), inderite (2MgOÁ 3B2O3Á15H2O), kurnakovite (2MgOÁ3B2O3Á15H2O) and pinnoite (MgOÁB2O3Á3H2O). However, a new borate, similar to the ‘‘eutectic borate’’ which was written as XMgOÁYB2O3ÁMgCl2ÁZH2O (Valyashko 1968), chloropinnoite with the chemical formula 2MgOÁ2B2O3Á MgCl2Á14H2O, was obtained from the natural concentrated salt lake brine in Qinghai–Xizang Plateau (Gao and Chang 1986; Gao et al. 1990).
Environ Earth Sci (2012) 66:1431–1438 DOI 10.1007/s12665-011-1354-8
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Geochemical hypothesis for hydrated magnesium borate deposit in Salt Lake, NW China
Materials and methods
Study area
The study area was located at Chaidamu Basin (35°000– 39°200N, 90°160–99°160E), northwest of Qinghai province. More than 20 salt lakes are distributing there. Dacaidan Lake and Xiaocaidan Lake are the two famous salt lakes in this basin (Fig. 1). The total area of the study site was about 260,000 km2, with an evaporation range of approximately 2,400–2,600 mm and annual precipitation of about 15–500 mm. The average annual air temperature was -5.6 to 8.6°C.
MgB2O4Á3H2O (MgOÁB2O3Á3H2O) Mg2B2O5ÁnH2O [2MgOÁB2O3ÁnH2O
(n = 2, 1, 0.5)] Mg2B6O11Á15H2O(A) (2MgOÁ3 B2O3Á15H2O) Mg2B6O11Á15H2O(B) (2MgOÁ3 B2O3Á15H2O) MgB4O7Á9H2O (MgOÁ2B2O3Á 9H2O) Li2B4O7Á3H2O (Li2OÁ2B2O3Á3H2O) K2CaB8O14Á12 H2O (K2OÁCaOÁ4B2O3Á12H2O) LiB5O8Á5H2O (Li2OÁ5 B2O3Á10H2O) NaCa B10O17Á8H2O (Na2OÁ2CaOÁ5 B2O3Á16H2O) MgB6O10Á7H2O (MgOÁ3B2O3Á7H2O) MgB6O10Á7.5H2O (MgOÁ3 B2O3Á7.5H2O) CaB6O10Á4 H2O (CaOÁ3 B2O3Á4H2O)
hydrated magnesium borate mineral deposited in Qinghai– Xizang Plateau was proposed with aid of experiments of chloropinnoite dissolved in water and boric acid solution.
Abstract Chloropinnoite, 2MgOÁ2B2O3ÁMgCl2Á14H2O, was a new borate, obtained from the natural concentrated salt lake brine in Qinghai–Xizang Plateau, P. R. China. The phase transitions from chloropinnoite dissolved in water and boric acid solution would strongly consist of magnesium borate minerals deposited in a salt lake of China. The obtained results from phase relations and kinetic mechanism of chloropinnoite–water/boric acid system would further propose a new geochemical hypothesis for hydrated magnesium borate deposition. The chloropinnoite was diluted by rich boric acid or solution, and it would accelerate the phase transition of chloropinnoite into other borates, which would explain well the geochemical formation of hydrated borate minerals deposited in Qinghai– Xizang Plateau, China.
Biborates Triborates Teraborates
Pentaborates Hexaborates
Pinnoite Ascharite
Inderite Kurnakovite Hungchaniite Dilithium tetraborate trihydrate Aksaite double salt Lithium pentaborate pentahydrate Ulexite Admontite Macallisterite Priceite
123
1432
Environ Earth Sci (2012) 66:1431–1438
Table 1 The molecular formula of different hydrate polyborates distribution in China
Polyborate
Name
Chemical formula
XiaopinБайду номын сангаас Li • Zhihong Liu • Shiyang Gao • Shuping Xia
Received: 7 April 2009 / Accepted: 8 September 2011 / Published online: 8 November 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011
Shiyang Gao and his group have studied the phase relations and kinetic process of chloropinnoite (Gao and Chang 1986; Gao et al. 1990; Lu et al. 1998; Li et al. 1995, 2004a, b, 2006; Liu et al. 2002a, 2003a, b, 2006, 2008; Zuo and Liu 2010). The results indicated that the magnesium borate minerals deposited in Qinghai–Xizang Plateau have a strong relationship with phase transition of chloropinnoite. However, the geochemical formation mechanism of borate minerals was not yet clear. In this present work, a new geochemical hypothesis to elucidate the mechanism of
