第四篇汉英常用采矿工程词汇（分类按汉语拼音顺序排列）煤柱尺寸pillar dimension灰色关联分析gray relationship analysis地质构造geological tectonic水文地质hydrogeology极不规则煤层extremely anomalistic coal seam预紧力、预应力pre-tightening force, pre-stress含水的hydrous水力采煤hydraulic cutting coal主（副）井main (auxiliary) shaft敏感性sensitivity国内外at home and abroad瓦斯抽放gas drainage机电一体化mechanical-electrical integration稳定性stability微地震micro-seism动载dynamic loading流变特征rheological characteristic蠕变creep人工神经网络artificial neural network定位orientation保水开采mining without detroying water resource高压注水water injection with high pressure中硬煤层medium hard coal seam层次分析法hierarchy anallysis proceeding煤与瓦斯突出coal and gas bursting模糊综合评判fuzzy comprehensive evaluation综（放）采工作面full-mechanized (caving) mining face 炮采工作面blasting mining face机采工作面mechanized mining face（急）倾斜煤层(steeply) inclined coal seam走向strike倾向direction dip,dip,inclination矿山压力underground pressure支承压力abutment pressure上覆岩层overlying rock strata薄、中厚、厚煤层thin,medium thick,thick coal seam （松散）含水层(loose) aquifer裂缝带crack zone垮落带caving zone顶、底板roof,floor顶煤top coal（掩护式）液压支架(shield) powered support割煤机coal cutter刮板机scrapper胶带输送机belt conveyor片帮coal slide冒顶roof fall岩爆（矿震、冲积矿压）rock burst自燃spontaneous combustion防水（砂）煤柱water(sand)-proof coal pillar陷落柱collapse column煤（岩）巷coal(rock) roadway沿空巷道roadway along gob围岩surrounding rock突水water bursting"三软" soft roof,soft coal,soft floor地应力ground stress（开采）地表沉陷(mining) surface subsidence高产高效high production and high efficiency 回风巷ventilation roadway运输巷transportation roadway火成岩（岩浆岩）igneous rock厚冲积层thick alluvium条带开采strip mining移动、变形movement,distortion极限平衡区limit equilibrium area可靠性，可行性，合理性，适应性reliability, feasibility, rationality,adaptability采出率、回收率mining rate,recovery rate埋管注氮nitrogen injection with buried pipe复合顶板combined roof断层fault喷浆grouting动压dynamic pressure地质灾害geological disasterEH-4电导率成像系统EH-4 electro-conducibility imaging system透气性（渗透性）permeability倾向性liability井下underground设备配套equipment match选型设计lectotype design撤架dismantling supports加固reinforcing安全阀safety valve积水seeper柔性支架flexible support伪斜apparent dip绞车房hoist room(winder chamber)暗立（斜）井blind (slope) shaft底臌floor heave破碎顶板cracked roof解放层protective coal seam电阻应变仪resistance strain instument坑口电厂pithead power plant1．煤炭科学技术总论采矿系统工程mining system engineering采矿系统优化模型model of mining systemoptimization采矿岩石学mining rock mechanics采煤coal mining, coal extraction,coal getting采煤学coal mining地下开采underground mining矸石refuse, waste, dirt, debris 固体可燃矿产solid combustible mineral褐煤lignite, brown coal化石燃料fossil fuel洁净煤技术clean coal technology矿[underground] mine矿床模型model of mineral deposits矿井[underground] mine矿井通风[学] mine ventilation, underground ventilation矿区mining area矿山mine矿山测量[学] mine surveying矿山电气工程mine electric engineering, mine electro-technics矿山机械工程mine mechanical engineering矿山建设mine construction矿山提升[学] mine hoisting, winding矿山运输[学] mine transportation, minehaulage矿田mine filed露天开采, '露天开采学surface mining露天矿surface mine煤coal煤当量coal equivalent煤的综合利用comprehensive utilization of coal, coal utilization煤化学coal chemistry煤矿coal mine, colliery煤矿安全mine safety煤矿机械coal mine machinery煤转化coal conversion煤炭地下技术underground coal gasification煤炭环境保护coal environmental control,environmental protection in coalmining煤炭技术coal technology煤炭加工coal processing煤炭科学coal science煤田coalfield煤田地质勘探coal exploration, coalprospecting煤田地质学coal geology煤岩学coal petrology石煤stone-like coal无烟煤anthracite选煤coal preparation, coal cleaning 烟煤bituminous coal硬煤hard coal2．地质测量A级储量grade A reservesB级储量grade B reservesC级储量grade C reservesD级储量grade D reserves边界角limit angle采场验收测量pit acceptance survey采出率ratio recovery采动系数factor of full extraction采掘工程平面图mine map采煤工作面测量coal face survey采区测量mining district survey采区联系测量transfer survey in mining district 超前影响角advance angle of influence沉井凿井法施工测量construction survey for drop shaft sinking充分采动full subsidence,critical/supercritical extraction充分采动角ZHANGCHIZZubsidence储量管理reserves management导入高程测量elevation transfer survey导水断裂带water conducted zone点下对中centering under roof station地表移动surface movement, groundmovement地表移动观测站observation station of groundmovement地表移动盆地subsidence trough, subsidence basin顶板测点roof station定向连接测量connection survey for shaftorientation 定向连接点connection point for shaft orientation动用储量mining-employed reserves冻结凿井法施工测量construction survey for shaft sinking by freezing method断层几何制图fault geometrisation断裂带fractured zone防水煤岩柱safety pillar under water-bodies非充分采动subcritical extraction刚性结构措施structure rigidity-strengthening measures工业场地平面图mine yard plan贯通测量holing-through survey光电测距导线EDM traverse拐点偏移距deviation of inflection point滑动层sliding layer缓冲沟buffer trench灰分等值线图isogram of ash content回采煤量workable reserves激光指向laser guide几何定向orientation by shaft plumbing近井点near shaft control point井底车场平面图shaft bottom plan井上下对照图location map, site plan井田区域地形图topographic map of [underground] mine field井筒煤柱开采shaft pillar extraction井筒延深测量shaft deepening survey井下测量underground survey井下平面控制测量underground horizontal control survey开采沉陷mining subsidence开拓煤量developed reserves抗变形建筑物deformation resistant structure垮落带caving zone矿区控制测量control survey of mining area矿山工程测量mine survey矿体几何学geometry of ore deposits矿体几何制图geometrisation of ore deposits矿田区域地形图topographic map of mine field立井定向shaft orientation立井施工测量construction survey for shaft sinking立井十字中线标定setting out cross line of shaft center立井中心标定setting out shaft center联系测量transfer survey连接三角形法connection triangle method裂缝角angle of break临界变形值critical deformation values露天矿测量open-pit survey煤层等厚线图isothickness map of coal seam煤层等深线图isobath map of coal seam煤层褶皱几何制图fold geometrisation of coal seam 瞄直法alignment method逆转点法reversal point method柔性结构措施structure yielding measures三量Three Class of Reserves设计损失allowable loss实际损失储量actual loss of reserves水平移动系数displacement factor损失率loss percentage投点shaft plumbing陀螺方位角gyroscopic azimuth陀螺经纬仪定向gyroscopic orientation survey弯曲带sagging zone围护带safety berm下沉系数subsidence factor巷道坡度线标定sitting out roadway gradient巷道碎部测量detail survey for mine workings巷道验收测量footage measurement of roadway 巷道中线标定setting out center line of roadway 岩层移动strata movement移动角angle of critical deformation移动盆地主断面major cross-section of subsidence trough影响传播角propagation angle中天法transit method主要影响半径major influence radius主要影响角正切tangent of major influence angle 注浆凿井法施工测量construction survey for groutingsinking准备煤量prepared reserves钻井凿井法施工测量construction survey for shaftboring最大下沉角angle of maximum subsidence最大下沉速度角angle of maximum subsidencevelocity3．地下开采安全平盘safety berm安全水头safety water head暗井blind shaft, staple shaft薄煤层thin seam爆破采煤工艺blast-winning technology爆破装煤blasting loading变形压力rock deformation pressure闭路供水closed-circuit water supply闭式落煤顺序close-type winning sequence不规则垮落带irregularly caving zone部分开采partial extraction侧支撑压力side abutment pressure采场延伸pit deepening采动裂隙mining-induced fissure采动应力mining-induced stress采垛winning-block采垛角angle of winning-block采段extracting zone采段流煤上山extracting block coal-water rise采高mining height采掘带cut采掘区block采宽cut width采矿站ore station采空区goaf, gob, waste采装loading采煤方法coal wining method, coalmining method采煤工作面coal face, working face采区district, panel采区车场district station, district inset采区准备preparation in district采区设计mining-district design, paneldesign采区上山district rise采区石门district cross-cut采区下山district dip仓储采煤法shrinkage stoping 长壁放顶采煤法longwall mining with sublevel caving长壁工作面longwall face超前巷道advance heading充采比stowing ratio充填倍线stowing gradient充填步距stowing interval充填沉缩率setting ratio充填法stowing method充填能力stowing capacity冲击地压rock burst, pressure bump承压含水层上采煤coal mining above aquifer初撑力强度setting load density, SLD初次放顶initial caving初次来压first weighting出气孔production well出气强度production well capacity出入沟main access储量备用系数reserve factor of mine reserve垂直切片terrace cut slice大巷main roadway带压开采mining under safe water pressure of aquifer单侧沟hillside ditch单煤层大巷main roadway for single seam单体液压支柱hydraulic prop倒台阶采煤法overhand mining底板floor底板载荷集度floor load intensity底帮foot slope底部境界线floor boundary line底鼓floor heave地表境界线surface boundary line地下煤气发生场underground gasifier地下气化工作面underground gasification face地下气化效率efficiency of underground gasification叠加应力superimposed stress顶板roof顶板单位破碎度specific roof flaking ratio顶板回弹roof rebound顶板垮落roof caving顶板垮落角roof caving angle顶板冒落roof fall顶板破碎度roof flaking ratio顶板弱化roof weakening顶板台阶下沉roof step顶板稳定性roof stability顶板压力roof pressure顶帮top slope顶底板移近量roof-to-floor convergence顶底板移近率roof-to-floor convergence ratio 动压巷道workings subject to dynamic pressure动载系数dynamic load coefficient端帮end slope端面距tip-to-face distance端面冒顶roof flaking短壁采煤法shortwall mining断壁工作面shortwall face墩柱heavy-duty pier, breaker props 房顶柱breaker props房式采煤法room mining, chamber mining房柱式采煤法room and pillar mining封闭圈closed level放采比drawing ratio放顶caving the roof放顶距caving interval放煤步距drawing internal放煤顺序drawing sequence非工作帮non-working slope非工作帮坡面non working slope face风力充填pneumatic stowing分层开采slicing分层巷道slice drift, sliced gateway分带strip分带集中斜巷strip main incline drift分带斜巷strop inclined drift分段sublevel分段平巷sublevel entry, longitudinal subdrift分级提运separate transport and hoisting 分流站distribution station分期开采mining by stages分区开采mining by areas分区域开拓areas development辅助水平subsidiary level矸石带waste pack, strip pack, interval of moving monitor,unit advance of monitor高压大射流high pressure large diameter jet 干馏----干燥带distillation and drying zone工作帮working slope工作帮坡面working slope face工作阻力yield load, working resistance 工作面working face工作面顶板控制roof control工作面端头face end工作面回风巷tailentry, tailgate, return airway工作面运输巷headentry, headgate, haulage gateway工作平盘working berm工作线front构造裂隙tectonic fissure构造应力tectonic stress规则垮落带regularly caving zone固定路线permanent haulage line管道水力运输pipeline hydrotransport横向前移cross removal恒阻支柱yielding prop厚煤层thick seam后退式开采retreating mining后支撑压力rear abutment pressure滑移顶梁支架slipping bar composite support 还原带reduction zone缓沟easy access缓慢下沉法gradual sagging method缓斜煤层gently inclined seam回采巷道gateway, entry, gate回柱prop drawing基本顶main roof机械充填mechanical stowing集中大巷gathering main roadway急斜煤层steeply pitching seam, steep seam 坚硬岩层strong strata, hard strata间断开采工艺discontinuous mining technology 架后充填backfill建筑物下开采coal mining under buildings阶段horizon阶段垂高horizon interval阶段流煤上山extracting block coal-water roadway阶段流煤巷main coal-water rise阶段斜长inclined length of horizon近距离煤层contiguous seams近水平煤层flat seam井田尺寸[underground] mine field size井田境界[[underground] mine field boundary井田开拓[underground]mine field development静压巷道workings subject to static pressure 掘进率drivage ratio局部冒顶partial roof fall开采水平mining level, gallery level开采水平垂高lift, level interval开路供水open-circuit water supply开切眼open-off cut开式落煤顺序open-type winning sequence开拓巷道development roadway抗压入强度press-in strength垮采比caving-height ratio垮落法caving method跨采over-the-roadway extraction矿井初步设计preliminary [underground]mine design矿井服务年限[underground]mine life矿井井型production scale of [underground] mine矿井开拓设计[underground]mine development design矿井可采储量workable [underground]mine reserves矿井可行性研究[underground]mine feasibility study矿井设计[underground]mine design矿井设计储量designed [underground]mine reserves矿井设计能力designed[underground]mine capacity矿井施工设计[underground]mine construction design矿井延深shaft deepening矿区地面总体设计general surface layout of mining area矿区规模mining area capacity矿区开发可行性研究feasibility study forming area exploitation矿区总体设计general design of mining area矿山压力rock pressure in mine矿山压力显现strata behaviors控顶距face width离层bed separation离层带注浆充填grouting in separated-bed立井开拓vertical shaft development联络巷crossheading连续开采工艺continuous mining technology溜井draw shaft溜煤石煤coal-water cross-cut溜眼chute临界滑面critical sliding surface漏顶face roof collapse with cavity锚梁网支护roof bolting with bar and wire mesh煤壁wall煤层产出能力coal-seam productive capacity煤房room, chamber煤浆coal slurry煤门in-seam cross-cut煤面清扫cleaning煤水泵slurry pump煤水比coal-water ratio煤水仓coal-slurry sump煤水洞室coal slurry preparation room煤炭地下气化站underground coal gasification station煤岩固化coal/rock reinforcement煤柱coal pillar煤柱支撑法pillar supporting method明槽水力运输flume hydrotransport摩檫支柱frictional prop逆向冲采contrary efflux片帮rib spalling, sloughing平盘berm平硐开拓drift development平行推进parallel advance破煤coal breaking, coal cutting破碎顶板fractured roof, friable roof普氏系数Protodyakonov coefficient普通机械化采煤工conventionally-mechanized coal winning technology气化贯通linkage气囊支架air-bag support前进式开采advancing mining前支撑压力front abutment pressure强制放顶forced caving倾倒toppling倾斜长壁采煤法longwall mining to the dip or to the rise倾斜短壁水力采煤法shortwall hydraulic mining in the dip倾斜分层采煤法inclined slicing切口stable, niche区段district sublevel区段集中平巷district sublevel gathering entry, district main entry区段平巷district sublevel entry, district longtudinal subdrift区域性切冒extensive roof collapse全柱开采full pillar extraction柔性掩护支架flexible shield support人工顶板artificial roof入换spotting, train exchange入换站exchange station三下"开采" coal mining under buildings, railways and water-bodies扫清平盘cleaning berm山坡露天采场mountain surface mine射流打击力jet impact force射流烛心动压力jet axis dynamical pressure扇型推进fan advance上覆岩层overlying strata 上装upper level loading上山rise, raise上挖up digging上行式开采ascending mining上行式开采upward mining十字定梁cross bar石门cross-cut始采线beginning line, mining starting line双工作面double-unit face, double face 水采回采巷道stopping entry水力采煤hydraulic coal mining technology 水平分层采煤法horizontal slicing水平分段放顶采煤法top-sliming system of sublevel caving水平切片dropping cut slice水枪monitor水体下采煤coal mining under water-bodies 松动压力broken-rock pressure松软岩层weak strata松软岩层soft strata塌落fall台阶坡面线bench angle掏槽slotting挑顶roof ropping特种支柱specific props铁路下开采coal mining under railways推垮型冒顶thrust roof fall往复式开采reciprocating mining挖底floor dinting挖掘系数excavation factor围岩surrounding rock围岩稳定性stability of surrounding rock伪顶false roof伪倾斜柔性掩护支架采煤法flexible shield mining in the false dip伪斜长壁采煤法oblique longwall mining喂煤机coal feeder无井式地下气化法shaftless gasification无煤柱护巷non-chain-pillar entry protection 无特种柱放顶caving without specific props, caving without breaker props无支柱距prop-free front distance下装lower lever loading下山dip下挖down digging下行式开采descending mining, downward mining巷道断面缩小率roadway reduction ratio巷旁充填roadside packing巷旁支护roadside support限厚开采limited thickness extraction限制区间limit section协调开采harmonic extraction斜井开拓inclined shaft development斜切分层采煤法oblique slicing旋转式推进revolving mining，turning longwall循环working cycle循环进度advance of working cycle循环平均阻力time-weighted mean resistance循环平均阻力mean load per unit cycle岩层控制strata control岩石内摩檫角internal friction angle of rock岩石软化系数softening factor of rock岩石碎胀系数bulking factor, swell factor岩石粘聚力rock cohesion岩应力降低区stress-relaxed area氧化带oxidation zone沿空巷道gob-side entry掩护支架采煤法shield mining移道步距shift spacing移动坑线temporary working ramp移动线路shiftable haulage line应力增高区stress-concentrated area迎山角prop-setting angle有井式地下气化法shaft gasification有效支撑能力practical supporting capacity原岩virgin rock, virgin rock mass原岩应力initial stress, stress in virginrock mass员生裂隙initial fissure运输大巷main haulage roadway, mainhaulageway运输平盘haulage berm增阻支柱late bearing prop再倒退overcasting再生顶板mat, regenerated roof整层开采full-seam mining正台阶采煤法heading-and-bench mining支撑效率supporting efficiency支撑压力abutment pressure支垛crib支护刚度support rigidity支护强度supporting intensity支架可缩量nominal yield of support支柱密度prop density直接顶immediate roof, nether roof直进坑线straight ramp中厚煤层medium-thick seam中斜煤层inclined seam, pitching seam终采线terminal line周期来压periodic weighting主石门main cross-cut主要上山main rise主要下山main dip注砂井storage-mixed bin准备巷道preparation roadway自然平衡拱dome of natural equilibrium,natural arch自重充填gravity stowing自重应力gravity stress综合机械化采煤工艺fully-mechanized coal winningtechnology综合开采工艺combined mining technology综合开拓combined development总回风巷main return airway纵向前移longitudinal removal走向长壁采煤法longwall mining on the strike走向短壁水力采煤法shortwall hydraulic mining on the strike组合台阶bench group4．矿山机械工程安全绞车safety winch安全制动safety braking, emergencybraking 扒爪collecting-arm耙斗scraper bucket耙斗装载机slusher, gathering-arm loader, collecting-arm loader,gathering-arm, scraper loader 耙式浓缩机rake thickener包角wrap angle, angle of contact 刨刀bit, plough cutter刨链plough chain刨煤机kohlenhobel, coal loader, plough, plow刨头plough head刨削阻力ploughing resistance刨削深度ploughing depth刨削速度ploughing speed本架控制local control变位质量equivalent mass不平衡提升unbalanced hoisting部分断面掘进机selective roadheader,partial-size tunneling machine侧卸式装载机side discharge loader采煤机coal winning machine采煤机械coal winning machinery, coal getting machinery采煤联动机coal-face winning aggregate缠绕式提升drum winding铲斗bucket铲斗装载机bucket loader铲装板apron铲煤板ramp plate铲入力bucket thrust force沉降过滤式离心脱水机screen-bowl centrifuge沉降式离心脱水机bowl centrifuge冲压式成型机briquetting machine成组控制batch control, bank control成型机briquetting machine出绳角elevation angle弛张筛flip-flop screen齿轨机车rack track car, rack track locomotive齿辊破碎机toothed roll crusher串车trip, train串车train磁选机magnetic separator错绳圈live turns带式输送机belt conveyor带压移架sliding advance of support单轨吊车overhead monorail, overhead rope monorail挡车栏arrester挡煤板spillplate底座base电气牵引electrical haulage电液控制elector-hydraulic control等厚筛banana vibrating screen低速刨煤slow-speed ploughing调高vertical steering调向油缸lifting ram调斜roll steering定距控制fixed-distance control定压控制fixed-pressure control动力刨煤机dynamischer Hobel, dynamic plough, activated plough多段提升multistage hoisting多水平提升multilevel hoisting, multilevel winding垛式支架chock端头支架face-end support对辊成型机roller briquetting machine二级制动two stage braking, two period braking翻车机tippler, rotary car dumper反井钻机raise boring machine防倒装置tilting prevention device防滑安全系数antiskiding factor防滑装置slippage prevention device防坠器safety catches, parachute放顶煤支架sublevel caving hydraulic support 风镐air pick, pneumatic pick高速刨煤heigh-speed ploughing, rapid ploughing钢丝绳牵引运输wire rope haulage工作机构working mechanism, operating organ, service braking轨道运输track transport, track haulage 刮板链scraper chain, flight chain刮板输送机scraper conveyor, flight conveyor滚筒drum, pulley滚筒采煤机shearer, shearer--loader过渡槽ramp pan过放overfall过放高度overfall height, overfall distance, overfall clearance过卷overwind, overtravel过卷高度overwind height, overwind distance, overraiseclearance过滤机filter过煤高度under clearance, passage height under machine过速overespeed后牵引rear haulage弧形筛seive bend护帮板face guard滑架guiding ramp, plough guide滑行刨煤机Gleithobeol, sliding plough滑行拖钩刨煤机Gleit-schwerthobel, sliding drag-hook plough环式成型机impact briquetting machine机面高度machine height机头部drive head unit机尾部drive end unit机械搅拌式浮选机subaeration flotation machine, agitation froth machine机械牵引mechanical haulage即时前移支架immediate forward support, IFS, one-web back system挤压成型机single lead-screw extruding briquetting machine间隔圈interval turns检验圈inspection cutting turns架节support unit, support section胶套轮机车rubber-tyred locomotive截槽kerf截齿pick, bit截齿配距lacing pattern, pick arrangement 进刀sumping截割比能耗specific energy of cutting截割部cutting unit截割高度cutting height截割滚筒cutting drum截割阻抗cutting resistance截割速度cutting speed, bit speed截割头cutting head截距ntercept截链cutting chain截煤机coal cutter截盘cutting jib, cutting bar截深web, web depth截线cutting line节式支架frame [support]经济提升量economic hoisting capacity, economic winding capacity经济提升速度economic hoisting speed, economic winding speed井架headframe, hoist tower,shaft tower井筒掘进机down-the hole shaft boring machine静力刨煤机statischer Hobel, static plough 卷筒winding drum, hoist drum掘进机械road heading machinery,driving machinery卡轨车road railer, coolie car可爬行坡度passable gradient可伸缩带式输送机extensible belt conveyor可弯曲刮板输送机flexible flight conveyor, armored face conveyor, AFC矿车mine car, pit tub矿井提升机mine winder, mine hoist矿井提升绞车mine hoist矿井提升阻力winding resistance of mine矿井提升阻力系数coefficient of winding resistance of mine矿用机车mine locomotive矿用绞车mine winch, mine winder空气脉动跳汰机air pulsating jig空气室air chamber离地间隙ground clearance of machine离心脱水机centrifuge立轮重介质分选机vertical lifting wheel separator连续采煤机continuous miner链牵引chain haulage邻架控制adjacent control落道derailment迈步支架walking support螺旋滚筒screw drum, helical vaner drum 锚杆钻机roof bolter锚固支架anchor support煤电钻electric coal drill煤浆准备器pulp preprocessor磨擦轮friction pulley, Koipe wheel磨擦圈holding turns, spare turns, dead turns磨擦式提升friction hoisting, Koepe hoisting磨砺性系数coefficient of abrasiveness内喷雾internal spraying内牵引internal traction, integral haulage爬车机creeper爬底板采煤机off-pan shearer, floor-based shearer,喷射式浮选机jet flotation machine偏角fleet angle平衡提升balanced hoisting铺网支架support with mesh-lying device骑槽式采煤机conveyor-mounted shearer普通机械化采煤机组conventionally-mechanized coal winning face unit气力输送air conveying, pneumatic conveying气腿airleg牵引力haulage pull, haulage speed牵引链haulage chain, pulling chain牵引速度travel speed钎杆stem钎头bit, bore bit钎尾shank, bit shank前牵引front haulage前探梁forepole, cantilever roof bar潜孔冲击器down hole hammer潜孔钻机down-the hole drill, percussive drill桥式转载机stage loader切槽cutting groove切削深度cutting depth驱动装置drive unit全断面掘进机tunnel boring machine, TBM, full facer乳化液泵站emulsion power pack人车man car伸缩梁extensible canopy深锥浓缩机deep cone thickener上出绳overlap上漂climbing输送conveying输送带conveying belt输送机conveyor双扭线机构lemniscate linkage双速刨煤dual-speed ploughing水力输送hydraulic conveying顺序控制sequential control梭行矿车shuttle car探钻装置probe drilling system提升不均衡系数hoisting unbalance factor提升富裕系数hoisting abundant factor提升容器hoisting conveyance提升容器自重减轻系数unbalance coefficient of sole weight of hoisting conveyance提升容器载重减轻系数unloading coefficient of hoisting conveyance搪瓷溜槽enameled trough天轮head sheave, sheave wheel推车机car pusher, ram推移装置pusher jack拖板base plate, articulated拖钩刨煤机reibhakenhobel, drag-hook plough拖缆装置cable handler托辊carrying idler, supporting roller 外喷雾external spraying外牵引external traction, independent haulage 尾绳tail rope, balance rope无轨运输trackless transport无极绳牵引运输endless-rope haulage无链牵引chainless haulage下出绳underlap下切深度dinting depth, undercut下扎dipping, penetration巷道掘进机roadheader, heading machine, tunneling machine行走部travel unit, traction unit行走机构travel mechanism, traction mechanism行走驱动装置travel driving unit悬boom悬臂式掘进机boom-type roadheader, boom roadheader压滤器press filter岩石电钻electric rock drill掩护梁caving shield掩护式支架shield [support]摇臂ranging arm摇床shaking table, concentrating table液压牵引hydraulic haulage液压支架hydraulic support, powered support圆盘式真空过滤机disk-type filter凿岩机hammer drill, percussion rock drill凿岩台车drill jumbo, drill carriage张紧装置tensioner, bridge conveyor, take-up device真空过滤机vacuum filter振动筛vibrating screen支撑式支架standing support支撑掩护式支架chock-shield [support]支架伸缩比support extension ratio制动空行程时间time lag, dead time制动系统brake system中部槽linepan终端载荷end load重力运输gravitational conveying, gravity haulage主顶梁main canopy主绳main rope, head rope主尾绳牵引运输main-and-tail rope haulage, main-and-tail haulage专用车special car, specialty car装煤面coal loader装岩机rock loader装岩机muck loader装载机械loader自然加速度natural acceleration自然减速度natural deceleration综合机械化采煤机组fully-mechanized coal winning face unit阻车器car stop, retarder钻杆drill rod钻井机shaft boring machine, shaft borer钻孔采煤机auger, auger machine钻孔机械drilling machine钻装机drill leader钻头bit, bore bit钻巷机drift boring machine钻削采煤机trepanner钻削头treoan wheel最大工作高度maximum working height最大结构高度maximum constructive height最小工作高度minimum working height最小结构高度minimum constructive height最小转弯半径minimal curve radius5. 煤矿安全保护层protective seam被保护层protected seam避难硐室refuge chamber并联网络parallel network测风站air measuring station残存瓦斯residual gas尘肺病pneumoconiosis抽出式通风exhaust ventilation串联通风series ventilation串联网络series network电化学式瓦斯测定器electrochemical type gas detector 等积孔equivalent orifice低瓦斯矿井low gaseous mine调压室pressure balance chamber独立风流separate airflow惰性气体防灭火inert gas for fire extinguishing对角式通风radial ventilation反风reversing the air反风道air-reversing way反风风门doors for air reversing防爆门breakaway explosion door防尘口罩dust mask防火门fire-proof door防火墙fire stopping, water [proof]dam防水闸门water door, bulkhead风表校正曲线calibration curve of anemometer 风窗air regulator风电闭锁装置fan-stoppage breaker风电甲烷闭锁装置fan-stoppage methane-monitorbreaker风阻特性曲线air way characteristic curve风量air flow, air quantity风量按需分配air distribution风量调节air regulation风量自然分配natural distribution of airflow风门air door风墙air stopping风桥air crossing风筒air duct风硐fan drift风障air brattice分区通风parallel ventilation, separateventilation粉尘dust粉尘采样器dust sampler粉尘粒度分布dust size distribution粉尘浓度dust concentration浮尘airborne dust辅助通风机booster fan负压negative pressure高瓦斯矿井gassy mine隔爆explosion suppression 灌浆grouting呼吸器respirator呼吸性粉尘respirable dust混合式通风compound ventilation火风压fire-heating air pressure火区sealed fire area火灾气体fire gases回风return airflow机械通风mechanical ventilaton甲烷报警器methane alarm甲烷断电仪methane-monitor breaker甲烷遥测仪remote methana monitor检定管detector tube角联网络diagonal network进风intake airflow局部阻力shock resistance局部阻力系数coefficient of shock resistance局部通风local ventilation局部通风机auxiliary fan绝对瓦斯涌出量absolute gas emission rate均压防灭火pressure balance for air control 可燃性气体inflammable gases矿尘mine dust矿井堵水water-blocking in mines, sealing off mine water矿井防治水mine water management, prevention of mine water矿井火灾mine fire矿井空气mine air矿井空气调节mine air conditioning矿井内部漏风underground leakage矿井内部漏风率underground leakage rate矿井气候条件climatic condition in mine矿井通风mine ventilation矿井突水water bursting in mines矿井瓦斯mine gas矿井瓦斯涌出量[underground] mine gas emission rate矿井外部漏风surface leakage矿井外部漏风率surface leakage rate矿井有效风量effective air quantity, ventilation efficiency矿山救护队mine rescue team溃浆burst of mortar扩散器fan diffuser扩散通风diffusion ventilation漏风air leakage落尘settled dust煤(岩)与瓦斯突出coal (rock) and gas outburst mine 煤(岩)与瓦斯突出矿井gas explosion煤层注水coal seam water infusion煤层透气性gas permeability of coal seam煤层瓦斯含量gas content in coal seam煤层瓦斯压力coalbed gas pressure煤尘coal dust煤尘爆炸coal dust explosion煤尘爆炸危险煤层coal seam liable to dust explosion 煤的自燃倾向性coal spontaneous combustion tendency煤肺病anthracosis煤矿防尘dust suppression in mine煤矽肺病anthraco-silicosis摩檫阻力frictional resistance。
如何防止煤炭爆炸英语作文Title: Preventing Coal Mine Explosions。
Coal mine explosions pose significant risks to miners' safety and the surrounding environment. To mitigate these dangers, various preventive measures must be implemented. Here, we delve into several effective strategies to prevent coal mine explosions.1. Gas Monitoring Systems: Installing robust gas monitoring systems is crucial. Methane, the primary gas present in coal mines, is highly flammable and explosive in certain concentrations. Continuous monitoring of methane levels helps identify potential hazards before they escalate into explosions.2. Ventilation Systems: Proper ventilation is essential for diluting methane and other gases to safe levels. Ventilation systems should be designed to ensure adequate airflow throughout the mine, minimizing the accumulation ofcombustible gases.3. Rock Dusting: Rock dusting involves the application of inert rock dust to surfaces in coal mines to prevent coal dust explosions. This practice disrupts the propagation of flame fronts by creating inert barriers and reduces the likelihood of catastrophic explosions.4. Explosion-Resistant Equipment: Utilizing explosion-resistant equipment, such as intrinsically safe electronic devices and flameproof machinery, can minimize ignition sources within the mine. Employing these safety measures reduces the risk of sparks or heat generation that could trigger explosions.5. Training and Education: Comprehensive training programs are essential to educate miners about the risks associated with coal mine explosions and the proper procedures for preventing them. Miners should be trained in gas detection, ventilation control, emergency response, and the safe use of equipment.6. Regular Inspections and Maintenance: Regular inspections of equipment, ventilation systems, and mine infrastructure are critical for identifying potential hazards and ensuring that safety measures are functioning effectively. Prompt maintenance and repair of any defectsor malfunctions are necessary to prevent accidents.7. Strict Regulations and Compliance: Enforcingstringent regulations and ensuring compliance with safety standards is paramount. Government agencies, mine operators, and regulatory bodies must work collaboratively toestablish and enforce regulations that prioritize worker safety and environmental protection.8. Technological Innovations: Embracing technological advancements, such as remote monitoring systems, robotics, and automation, can enhance safety in coal mines. These innovations enable real-time monitoring of mine conditions, reduce the need for human intervention in hazardous areas, and improve overall safety performance.9. Emergency Preparedness: Developing comprehensiveemergency response plans and conducting regular drills are essential components of preventing and mitigating the impact of coal mine explosions. Miners should be equipped with the knowledge and skills to respond effectively to emergencies and evacuate the mine safely if necessary.10. Community Engagement: Engaging with local communities and stakeholders is crucial for fostering transparency, building trust, and addressing concerns related to coal mine safety. Collaboration between mine operators, communities, and regulatory authorities can lead to the implementation of holistic safety measures that benefit all stakeholders.In conclusion, preventing coal mine explosions requires a multifaceted approach encompassing technological innovations, regulatory compliance, comprehensive training, and proactive risk management strategies. By implementing these measures, we can safeguard the well-being of miners and mitigate the potential adverse impacts of coal mining on both human lives and the environment.。
总第190期2020年第6期山西化工SHANXI CHEMICAL INDUSTRYTotal190No.6,2020奏题讨谑DOI：10.16525/l4-1109/tq.2020.06.24煤制乙二醇企业草酸二甲酯精憎工艺路线优化赵旭升，李飞飞，何艳(阳煤集团寿阳化工有限责任公司，山西寿阳045400)摘要：阳煤集团寿阳化工20万t/a乙二醇项目通过对草酸二甲酯精馆工艺路线优化改造，缓解了热水系统“冷热病”的现象，降低了蒸汽、电的消耗，增加了草酸二甲酯的产量，预计全年节约成本857.9万元。
关键词：煤制乙二醇；草酸二甲酯；工艺路线优化；降本增效中图分类号-TQ522.6文献标识码:A文章编号：1004-7050(2020)06-0071-021概述近几年，由于国内乙二醇产能的快速增长和国外油制乙二醇的冲击，乙二醇企业出现了不同程度的亏损。
尤其是进入2020年，随着全球新冠疫情持续的发酵，原油价格持续低位(低于40美元)，国内煤制乙二醇企业更是进入了前所未有的“寒冬”，面对市场低迷的无能为力，成本压力更成为制约企业发展的最大“瓶颈”,如何“减损增效”成了公司生存发展的唯一办法和当务之急。
阳煤集团寿阳化工有限责任公司一期年产20万t乙二醇项目，主要由水处理装置、锅炉装置、空分装置、煤气化装置、变换装置、煤气净化装置、草酸二甲酯合成、精懈装置以及乙二醇合成、精懈等装置组成。
草酸二甲酯(DMO)精懈装置是将草酸二甲酯合成装置送来的粗草酸二甲酯(粗DMO)提纯后送到乙二醇合成装置使用，经精懈后得到的粗碳酸二甲酯(DMC)和DMO重组分作为副产品销售。
2改造原因阳煤集团寿阳化工20万t/a乙二醇项目DMO 精懈装置产出的DMO重组分与精DMO成分相差不大(如表1所示)，DMO重组分可以直接作为精DMO采出。
并且考虑到，直接采出可以节省精制过程中蒸汽的消耗，故对此工艺路线进行了改造。
表1DMO重组分与精DMO成分平均值对比(2019年8月至2020年2月)% DMO DMC ME ML MF酸度杂峰DMO重组分99.770.170.06000.0060.004精DMO99.930.020.02000.0050.0033改造前、后流程3.1DMO精制单元改造前流程由粗DMO给料泵来的粗DMO一部分预热后进入DMO脱轻塔(C-44001)中部，另一部分直接进入DMO脱轻塔。
