高中英语北师大版版必修3教学案：Unit 7 Section 5 含答案
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Section_ⅤGrammar
单元语法项目(一)——定语从句(Ⅱ)
语法图解
探究发现
①Ancient China was a placewhere states were often at war with each other.
②But it was also a time when there are many great philosophers.
③Do you know the reason why he has been late?
④For example, it is the country in which silk was first invented.
⑤He is a man of whom China can be proud.
[我的发现]
(1)①②③句中黑体部分的引导词是关系副词，分别在定语从句中充当地点、时间、原因状语。
(2)④⑤句中，“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句中的介词多与从句的谓语动词搭配以及具体语境有关。同时，which用于指代物，whom用于指代人。
一、关系副词(when, where, why)引导的定语从句
1．when引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示时间的名词，在从句中作时间状语。
I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
2．where引导定语从句时，从句的先行词为表示地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。(先行词是town)
[名师点津] 关系副词where表示“地点的模糊化”。当先行词表示某人/物的situation，或某事发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用关系副词where。常见的先行词还有point, case, position, condition等。
The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in.
事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。
3．why引导定语从句时，从句的先行词通常是reason, 在从句中作原因状语。
Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they're not doing well.
不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。
[名师点津] 先行词是the reason时，定语从句的引导词需根据定语从句缺少的成分而定，如果缺少状语，用why；如果缺少主语或宾语，则用that/which。
I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me for his being late.
我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。
[即时演练1] 用适当的关系副词填空
①(2016·天津高考改编)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the
weather may be better.
②(2015·天津高考改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere
where his employees enjoy their work.
③(2015·陕西高考改编)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the
time when he should be able to be independent.
④Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain
experience for growth.
⑤The village where I was born has grown into a town.
⑥The reason why he resigned is known to us.
二、“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”结构引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which (指物) 或whom (指人)，即：介词＋which/whom，并且不能省略。
If you have anything on which you want my opinions, feel free to see me.
如果你们有什么事需要征求我的意见的话，随时来找我。
I took a photo of the students, among whom was seated a teacher.
我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。
2．“介词＋which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，相当于关系副词when, where,
why。
She still remembers the day on which (＝when) she won the prize.
她仍然记得自己获奖的那一天。
This is the house in which (＝where) I lived two years ago.
这是我两年前住过的房子。
We didn't know the reason for which (＝why) he refused our help.
我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。
[名师点津] 当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配不可分割时，那么该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如listen to, look at, look for, look into, depend on, make use of, pay attention to,
take care of等。
This is the pen which I'm looking for.
这是我正在找的那支钢笔。
3．介词前有时加名词、数词等，构成“名词/数词/不定代词＋of which/whom”结构，在定语从句中作主语。
English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.
英语是一种多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化都以不同的方式使用它。
I collected some books，the covers of which (＝whose covers/of which the covers) are
yellow with years.
我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。
[名师点津] “介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”是定语从句重点和难点，因为很多同学不知道该如何确定关系代词(which/whom)前面的介词。下面介绍一个办法：“一先，二动，三意义”。
“一先”，即根据先行词来确定介词。
The factory in whichI'm working mainly produces computers.
我工作所在的工厂主要生产电脑。
(in which代替in the factory，在工厂里用介词in。)
“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。
In the dark street there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的街道上她没有一个人可以求助。
(to whom代替to a person；turn to sb.for help向某人求助。)
“三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 p．m., by which time many people
have gone home.
在办公室里下午5：30以前我似乎永远没有时间，到那时，许多人已经回家了。
4．“复合介词＋which”引导的定语从句，常用逗号与先行词隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.
他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。
[名师点津] “介词＋where”和“介词＋which”的用法不同，如：
His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。(from where相当于from
out of the window，而不是from the window)
[即时演练2] 用“介词＋关系代词”填空
①(2016·江苏高考改编)Many young people, most of_whom were well-educated, headed for
remote regions to chase their dreams.
②(2016·浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings
cry tears, none of_which has been proved.
③Do you remember the day on_which you joined our club?
④There is a big window through_which I can see the railway station.
⑤This is the man with_whom I just shook hands.
⑥None of us know the reason for_which Tom was absent.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. He wrote many children's books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
2. This is the person whom/who/that you are looking for.
3. I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my
feelings for her.
