初中主要的时态总结
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1 动词的时态
英语共有16种时态,初中阶段需要重点掌握——一般现在时、一般过去式、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时6种时态
一、一般时态:
1、一般现在时
(1)一般现在时表示客观真理、一般情况下的状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词usually,often,always, sometimes,every year(month, week……)等连用。
例如:
1)The moon moves round the earth..
2) Mr. Smith goes to work by bus every day.
(2)在由if ,as soon as,等引导的条件或时间状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时(主将从现)。
例如:
1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
2) I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.
(3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be,go,come,start,arrive,begin,leave等。
例如:
1) The plane leaves at three o’clock.. 否定句:_______________________________________.
2) The new teachers arrive tomorrow. 疑问句:________________________________
动词变“三单”的规则: 肯定回答:______________________.
1、动词直接加s .例如:work ---works
2、以s,sh,ch,x,o 结尾的动词加es.
例如:pass—passes, brush—brushes, watch—watches, fix—fixes, do—does, go--goes
3、以辅音+y结尾的动词,把y变i + es. 例如:study--studies
2.一般过去时
(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。(yesterday, last year(week, month), just now, in 1990, a week ago等)
例如:
We went to the pictures last night. 否定句:We didn’t go to the pictures last night.
一、动词变过去式的规则变化: 疑问句:__________________________________
否定回答:___________________.
1、 一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed, 如:work—worked
2、 以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d, 如:live—lived
3、 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y改成i, 加—ed,
如:study—studied
4、 重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加—ed, 如:stop—stopped
二、不规则变化
is/am—was are—were do—did have/has—had go—went meet—met come—came take—took eat—ate run—ran see—saw 等 2
3.一般将来时 (常与soon, tomorrow, next week(month, year…), in two hours等)
结构:
I)will +动词原形
例如:I will graduate next year. 否定句:___________________________________.
疑问句:__________________________________ 肯定回答:______________________
2)be going to +v表示打算或计划要做某事。
例如:I’m going to buy a house next year. 否定句:______________________________.
疑问句:________________________________- 否定回答:______________________
二、进行时态
1.现在进行时
结构:be( am is are ) + 现在分词(doing)
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at the moment,look! listen! 等连用。
例如: She is reading a newspaper now. 否定句:________________________________
疑问句:_______________________________- 肯定回答:______________________
(2)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如: They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. 否定句:________________________________
疑问句:_______________________________- 否定回答:______________________
动词+ing的规则:
1、一般情况,直接+ing,例:work--working
2、以不发音的e结尾,去e+ing,例:hope--hoping;write--writing
3、以ie结尾,去ie变y+ing,例:die--dying;lie--lying;tie--tying
4、以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写辅音字母+ing,
例:begin--beginning;swim--swimming;run--running
2.过去进行时
结构:was/were + doing
表示过去某个时间正在发生的动作,常与过去的时间状语(at nine o’clock yesterday, at this time
last night等)连用。例如:
1) I was doing my homework at 6 o’clock yesterday morning.
2) We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
三、完成时态
完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为:
1.现在完成时
结构:have/has + 过去分词(P.P.)
(1)现在完成时用来表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成影响。 常与副词already(已经), yet(还,未),
just, ever(曾经), never(从不), before, recently(最近地)状语词组so far(目前为止), many times(许多次)twice(两次)等连用。
例如:I have already finished my homework.. 否定句:I _____________ my homework _______.
(2)现在完成时还用来表示过去某一时刻发生的,延续到现在并有可能持续到将来的的情况
(常与for,since连用)。例如: Mary has been ill for three days. =Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:过去分词的规则变法和动词过去式的规则变法一样。