《新英汉翻译教程》第一章课后作业答案
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How to explain that I was not a proud owner seeking admiration for his vehicle, but a tourist who had broken down如何解释,我不是一个骄傲的主人寻求佩服他的汽车,但游客坏了吗Special equipment assures that the computers will not be disturbed by power interruptions that last less than two hours.特种设备确保计算机就不会被打断,力量持续不到两个小时。
It is actually very, very old and was not always as beautiful as it is now. It is not certain how the Earth began. Probably it began as a huge globe of gas and dust. The globe became smaller and denser. Today the outer layer or crust is cool and hard,它实际上是非常非常老的,并不总是像现在这样美丽。
这都是不确定的地球就开始了。
可能起源于一个由气体和尘埃组成的庞大球体。
地球变得更小且致密。
今天的外层或地壳是凉爽且硬,It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, not horror, nor any of the other emotions that she had been prepared for.那表情不是生气,不是惊讶,不是不满,不是嫌恶,也不是她原先准备应付的任务一种感情。
Modern geology has for its aim the deciphering of the whole evolution of the earth from the time of the earlier records that can be recognized in the rocks to the present day.当代地质解释为其目标的整体演化的地球早期的时间记录,可以识别岩石到当代。
If it worked once, it can work twice⑽一次得手,再次不愁例2:The child has started going on all fours.孩子会爬了1.He has a weakness for smokingB.他有抽烟的癖好。
2.A cat is a cleanly animalB.猫是喜爱清洁的动物。
He is dead,as I liveB.他的确死了。
4.His English leaves nothing to be desiredB.他的英语无可挑剔。
5.I would rather have his room than his companyB.我宁愿他不在。
6.Your loss is nothing to mineA.你的损失与我无关7.The patient is waiting to cross the StyxB.这个病人已经等死了。
8.The headmaster made an example of the boy.B.校长惩罚这个孩子,目的在于警告他人。
9.The Disney management is stressing this tradition in an apparent response to suggestions that is culturally insensitive.B. 迪斯尼管理强调,这一传统显然是有人对迪斯尼管理在文化传统方面麻木不仁的态度所提出的种种建议。
10.The effort to shield assets to be passed on to children and grandchildren is making prenups more common among retired people in their 60s and 70s who are remarrying after a spouse has died.B. 努力保护自己的婚前契约,把财产能传到儿孙手中,这在已退休并丧偶、又准备再婚的六七十岁的老人当中十分普遍。
第1章翻译的性质、标准及要求1.1 复习笔记一、翻译的性质翻译即将一种语言——源出语(Source Language)转换成另一种语言——目的语(Target Language)或曰接受语(Receptor Language),而意义保持或大抵保持不变。
尤金·奈达(Eugene A. Nida)给翻译所下的定义为:Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969)[译文]所谓翻译,是在译语中用切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息,首先是意义,其次是文体。
奈达还对此作了说明:(1) 再现原文的信息(Message)而不是保留原文的形式结构(Formal Structure);(2) 对等(Equivalence)不是同一(Identity);(3) 对等是最贴近、自然的对等;(4) 意义是优先考虑的因素;(5) 文体成分虽居其次,但也十分重要。
翻译一般分为三类:(1) 按翻译手段,可分为口译、笔译和机器翻译。
(2) 按源出语和目的语,可分为语际翻译、语内翻译和符际翻译。
(3) 按翻译题材,可分为政论翻译、应用文翻译、科技翻译、文学翻译等。
二、翻译的标准翻译标准,亦曰翻译原则,即指导翻译实践、评价译文质量的尺度。
(一) 泰特勒的三原则与严复的三字标准1. 亚历山大·F·泰特勒(Alexander Fraser Tytler)在《论翻译的原则》中提出了三条基本原则:(1) A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.(译文应完全复写出原作的思想。
第1章我国翻译史简介1.1 复习笔记一、我国翻译的早期我国的翻译事业有约两千年的历史。
最早开始的是佛经的翻译,翻译家有安世高、号称“三支”的支娄迦谶、支亮、支谦,竺法护。
二、隋唐时期我国翻译事业高度发达的时期是从隋代(公元五九〇年)起到唐代。
这一时期古代翻译界的巨星玄奘(与上述鸠摩罗什、真谛一起号称我国佛教三大翻译家)。
玄奘的贡献为:①玄奘不但把佛经由梵文译成汉文,而且把老子著作的一部分译成梵文,成为第一个把汉字著作向国外介绍的中国人。
②玄奘在翻译理论方面也是有贡献的,他提出的翻译标准是“既须求真,又须喻俗”,意即“忠实、通顺”。
三、明清时期从明代万历年间到清代“新学”时期,出现了以徐光启、林纾(琴南)、严复(又陵)等为代表的介绍西欧各国科学、文学、哲学的翻译家。
明徐光启和意大利人利玛窦合作,翻译了欧几里得的《几何原本》《测量法义》等书。
清林纾最著名的文学作品有《巴黎茶花女遗事》(La Dame aux Camelias)、《黑奴吁天录》(Uncle Tom’s Cabin)、《块肉余生述》(David Copperfield)、《王子复仇记》(Ham1et)等。
严复是我国清末新兴资产阶级的启蒙思想家,所译作品多系西方政治经济学说,如赫胥黎(T. H. Huxley)的《天演论》(Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays)、亚当·斯密(A. Smith)的《原富》(An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations)等。
严复提出了著名的“信、达、雅”翻译标准。
四、五四时期至今“五四”是我国近代翻译史的分水岭。
“五四”以后,我国翻译开始介绍马列主义经典著作和无产阶级文学作品。
《共产党宣言》的译文就发表在“五四”时期。
这一时期的翻译工作在内容和形式上都起了很大变化。
白话文代替了文言文。
英译汉教程第一章练习答案Examples & Drills 1.3.1Improve or correct the following translations:(1) Poor translation due to inaccurate comprehension:1)This will go a long way towards overcoming the difficulties.这对克服困难有很大的帮助。
2)Go it while you are young.趁还年轻就放手去做吧。
3) I could do with more leisure time.我需要更多的空闲时间。
4)This failure was the making of him.这次失败造就了他。
5)I wish peace could be saved at the eleventh hour.我希望在最后时刻可以赢得和平。
6). She knew a thing or two about it.她对此事有些了解。
7)She is too ready to speak.她很乐意发言。
8)News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field district.通过无线电传来了某一藏油丰富地区的消息。
9)News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field district.根据当时的形势他深信将会有一场漫长而艰苦的战争。
10)What are the perspectives of the national liberation movement and the relations between China and the Third World countries?对民族解放运动和中国同第三世界国家关系的看法是什么呢?(2) Poor translation due to inappropriate representation:1)This is a 100-hour reliable engine.这台发动机可以连续运转100个小时,非常可靠。
《新英汉翻译教程》章课后答案How to explain that I was not a proud owner seeking admiration for his vehicle, but a tourist who had broken down 如何解释,我不是一个骄傲的主人寻求佩服他的汽车,但游客坏了吗Special equipment assures that the computers will not be disturbed by power interruptions that last less than two hours.特种设备确保计算机就不会被打断,力量持续不到两个小时。
It is actually very, very old and was not always as beautiful as it is now. It is not certain how the Earth began. Probably it began as a huge globe of gas and dust. The globe became smaller and denser. Today the outer layer or crust is cool and hard, 它实际上是非常非常老的,并不总是像现在这样美丽。
这都是不确定的地球就开始了。
可能起源于一个由气体和尘埃组成的庞大球体。
地球变得更小且致密。
今天的外层或地壳是凉爽且硬,It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, not horror, nor any of the other emotions that she had been prepared for.那表情不是生气,不是惊讶,不是不满,不是嫌恶,也不是她原先准备应付的任务一种感情。
Modern geology has for its aim the deciphering of the whole evolution of the earth from the time of the earlier records that can be recognized in the rocks to the present day.当代地质解释为其目标的整体演化的地球早期的时间记录,可以识别岩石到当代。
汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配1. a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。
汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配1. a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。
How to explai n that I was not a proudownerseekin g admira tionfor his vehicl e, but a touris t who had broken down如何解释,我不是一个骄傲的主人寻求佩服他的汽车,但游客坏了吗Specia l equipm ent assure s that the comput ers will not be distur bed by powerinterr uptio ns that last less than two hours.特种设备确保计算机就不会被打断,力量持续不到两个小时。
It is actual ly very, very old and was not always as beauti ful as it is now. It is not certai n how the Earthbegan. Probab ly it beganas a huge globeof gas and dust. The globebecame smalle r and denser. Todaythe outerlayeror crustis cool and hard,它实际上是非常非常老的,并不总是像现在这样美丽。
这都是不确定的地球就开始了。
可能起源于一个由气体和尘埃组成的庞大球体。
地球变得更小且致密。
今天的外层或地壳是凉爽且硬,It was not anger, nor surpri se, nor disapp roval, not horror, nor any of the otheremotio ns that she had been prepar ed for.那表情不是生气,不是惊讶,不是不满,不是嫌恶,也不是她原先准备应付的任务一种感情。
汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配1. a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。
第1章翻译概述1.1 复习笔记第1节翻译自学方法和译者合格条件一、翻译自学方法掌握必要翻译知识和理论,进行大量实践阅读翻译理论书籍、期刊,进行名著翻译实践、阅读翻译技巧书籍、浏览翻译网站等。
二、译者合格条件(一)外文水平高有些原文在特定情况下有特定译法,不能一概而论。
要特别重视基本功的训练。
1. (Just) imagine (it).【译文】不可能/想不到/没想到【解析】≠把它想象一下吧。
2. I’ll buy it.【译文】我不懂。
/我答不出。
/请告诉我。
【解析】≠我将买它。
(二)中文水平高母语好是理解和表达的需要。
理解指汉译英时理解汉语原文,表达指英译汉时可用好的汉语来表达。
(三)知识面广1. John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game.【译文】约翰为人可靠,他既诚实又正直。
【解析】需要英国历史典故方面的知识。
2. The Security Council has been seized of the question since then.【译文】安理会自那时以来就一直受理这个问题。
【解析】需要国际法方面的知识。
3. Nyaungu was actually the boundary between the two Japanese divisions.【译文】良字实际上是日军两个师的结合部。
【解析】需要地理、军事等方面的知识。
(四)政治觉悟高这一点在决定用词褒贬时要特别注意。
1. the peasant uprisings in the history of China【译文】中国历史上的农民起义【解析】不能根据英国的ALD及其香港出的汉译翻成“中国历史上的农民叛乱(或叛变)”,而应译为“农民起义”。
2. The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent.【译文】敌人杀害了我们一位同志,我们宰了一个敌特。
普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材英译汉教程练习参考答案连淑能厦门大学教授、博导Chapter 1 General PrinciplesDrills 1.3.1(1) 1. 这对克服困难很有帮助。
(go a long way towards something/doing something = helpgreatly in [achieving] something, OALD 2002: 525;《新英汉词典》2000: 1577)2. 趁你还年轻的时候,加油吧!/青春不再,趁早努力。
(go it = act in a manner that is quicker,more lively, impatient, etc., than is usual. Longman Dictionary of English Idioms1979: 130;《英汉大词典》1993: 740)3. 我需要更多空闲的时间。
(could do with something = need or want something, LDCE1998: 435)4. 这次失败促使他成功。
([the making of] = a means of gaining great improvement orsuccess, LDCE 1998: 918)5. 我盼望在最后一刻可以挽救和平。
(the eleventh hour = the very last moment, LDCE 1998:478)6.她对此事很了解。
(know a thing or two [about somebody/something] = know a lot [aboutsomebody/something], OALD 2002: 825)7. 她真是爱说话。
/她太喜欢说话了。
(ready = willing to do, LDCE 1998: 1249, 参见“学生用书”243页)8.无线电传来了该地区发现大油田的消息。
If it worked once, it can work twice⑽一次得手,再次不愁例2:The childhas starte d goingon all fours.孩子会爬了1.He has a weakness for smokin gB.他有抽烟的癖好。
2.A cat is a cleanl y animalB.猫是喜爱清洁的动物。
He is dead,as I liveB.他的确死了。
4.His Englis h leaves nothin g to be desire dB.他的英语无可挑剔。
5.I wouldrather have his room than his compan yB.我宁愿他不在。
6.Your loss is nothin g to mineA.你的损失与我无关7.The patien t is waitin g to crossthe StyxB.这个病人已经等死了。
8.The headma stermade an exampl e of the boy.B.校长惩罚这个孩子,目的在于警告他人。
9.The Disney manage mentis stress ing this tradit ion in an appare nt respon se to sugges tions that is cultur allyinsens itive.B. 迪斯尼管理强调,这一传统显然是有人对迪斯尼管理在文化传统方面麻木不仁的态度所提出的种种建议。
10.The effort to shield assets to be passed on to childr en and grandc hildr en is making prenup s more common amongretire d people in their60s and 70s who are remarr yingaftera spouse has died.B. 努力保护自己的婚前契约,把财产能传到儿孙手中,这在已退休并丧偶、又准备再婚的六七十岁的老人当中十分普遍。
If it worked once, it can work twice⑽一次得手,再次不愁例2:The child has started going on all fours.孩子会爬了1.He has a weakness for smokingB.他有抽烟的癖好。
2.A cat is a cleanly animalB.猫是喜爱清洁的动物。
He is dead,as I liveB.他的确死了。
4.His English leaves nothing to be desiredB.他的英语无可挑剔。
5.I would rather have his room than his companyB.我宁愿他不在。
6.Your loss is nothing to mineA.你的损失与我无关7.The patient is waiting to cross the StyxB.这个病人已经等死了。
8.The headmaster made an example of the boy.B.校长惩罚这个孩子,目的在于警告他人。
9.The Disney management is stressing this tradition in an apparent response to suggestions that is culturally insensitive.B. 迪斯尼管理强调,这一传统显然是有人对迪斯尼管理在文化传统方面麻木不仁的态度所提出的种种建议。
10.The effort to shield assets to be passed on to children and grandchildren is making prenups more common among retired people in their 60s and 70s who are remarrying after a spouse has died.B. 努力保护自己的婚前契约,把财产能传到儿孙手中,这在已退休并丧偶、又准备再婚的六七十岁的老人当中十分普遍。
1. He wanted to learn, to know, to teach他想学习、掌握知识,也想把知识传授给别人2. She is young enough to get married她很年轻到能够结婚3. From there I could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village. It was all very beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing. (N.S. Momaday: The End of My Childhood)3.从那里我可以看见下面的整个山谷,那田野、河流、村庄。
这一切都很美丽,并且见到它,使我心驰神往。
4..We have365days in a year.一年有365天。
(5.He stood up straight with arms folded, and laughed at the cap hanging there on the pole.5。
他站起来直,双手紧抱在胸前,并嘲笑帽子挂在电线杆。
6.Our son must go to school. He must break out of the pot that holds us in.6。
我们的儿子一定得进学校。
他一定得打破锅持有我们进去。
7.Is the press a great power in your country7。
报界有很大的影响力在你的国家8.Brown may say what he likes, but it is his wife who wears the trousers8。
布朗可能会说他喜欢做的事,但正是他的妻子穿裤子9. 青岛今昔9. Qingdao is now10. 全世界人民10. The people of the world11.黄色录像(电影)11. Yellow video (film)12.不见不散12. It's a date13.文如其人13. The style is the man14.1997年7月1日零点整,香港回归祖国。
14.1997 1 July, the zero Hong Kong's return to the motherland.15.9.11事件15. 9.11 events1) I took advice on the matter.【译文】就此事我已征求过意见。
2) They are all of age.【译文】他们都是成年人。
3) It has made the headlines that the president’s wife threatened her husbands with public exposure. 【译文】总统夫人说要公开揭发丈夫,这件事成了头条新闻。
4) He often talks horse.【译文】她常吹牛。
5) They lingered long over his letter.【译文】他们反复看了他的来信。
6) Between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.【译文】咱们私下里说说,我看那人不怎么样。
7) There is something in the wind.【译文】好像要出事了。
(风里有些什么东西。
)8) She has the making of a good teacher.【译文】她具有一个优秀教师的潜质。
9) You never realize how fortunate you are to have good health until it is suddenly brought home to you by the sight of suffering.【译文】除非你亲眼目睹体弱多病之苦,不然,你是不会意识到你有一个健康的身体有多好。
10) That notion is being nurtured by people.【译文】有人在吹这种风。
11) Dawn breaking over the islands, very beautiful in a soft grey light with many clouds. There is a transparency about the light here which cannot be described or painted.【译文】曙色中的海岛美极了,晨曦柔合,彩云片片。
澄澈的光影是无法描绘的。
12) From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.【译文】各尽所能,各得所需。
13) When we make friends, we should choose those who are our supporters in danger. (Aesop)【译文】要交朋友,要选那些我们遇到危险时支持我们的人。
14) Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.【译文】欢迎他的只有几下半声不响的、七零八落的、虚情假意的掌声。
15) So long as we love we serve; so long as we are loved by others, I would almost say we are indispensable; and no man is useless while he has a friend. (Robert Louis Stevenson)【译文】只要我们去爱人,我们就有所贡献;只要我们被人所爱,我们就不缺少什么;任何一个人,如果有一个朋友,那他就不是无用之人。
16) With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.【译文】凭着我的决心,我的运气,还有许多善良人们的帮助,我终于获得了新生。
17) All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books.【译文】古往今来人类的一切智慧结晶,数百年来人们津津乐道的那些故事,我们都可以轻松地从书本中得到。
I had scarcely passed my twelfth birthday when I entered the inhospitable regions of examinations, through which for the next seven years I was destined to journey. These examinations were a great trial to me. The subjects which were dearest to the examiners were almost invariably those I fancied least. I would have liked to have been examined in history, poetry and writing essays. The examiners, on the other hand, were partial to Latin and mathematics. And their will prevailed.【译文】我一过12岁生日,就步入了令人头疼的考试时期,而且随后的7年,竟注定一直在这区域跋涉。
这些考试真让我伤透了脑筋。
主考老师最喜欢考的科目,几乎无一例外的都是我最不喜欢的科目。
我喜爱历史、诗歌和写作,可他们却喜欢拉丁文和数学,而每次考试都是他们说了算。
Moreover, the questions which they asked on both these subjects were almost invariably those to which I was unable to suggest a satisfactory answer. I should have liked to be asked to say what I knew. They always tried to ask what I did not know. When I would have willingly displayed my knowledge, they sought to expose my ignorance. This sort of treatment had only one result: I did not do well in examinations.更可气的是,他们在这两个科目上所提的问题,又几乎全都是我无法做出满意答案的。