现在完成时
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现在完成时
一、现在完成时的构成
1.肯定句：主语+have/has+done+其他
e.g.They have done shopping five times these days. 这些天，他们已经购物五次了。
The little girl has already finished her homework. 小女孩已经完成了她的家庭作业。
2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+done +其他
e.g.I haven’t heard any news from my son lately. 我最近没有听到我儿子的任何音讯。
He hasn’t been to Beijing since then. 从那时起，他就再也没去过北京。
3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done+其他？
e.g.Have your children been in contact with you recently? 最近孩子们跟你有联系吗？
Has he studied French for a long time? 他学法语很长时间了吗？
4.特殊疑问句：相应的特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+done+其他？
e.g.How long have you worked for this company?
What has he said to you?
二、现在完成时的用法
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，着眼于现在。
常与already,yet,just,so far,ever,never,these days,recently等连用。
e.g.Your English is very good.How long have you learnt English?你的英语很好。
你学习英语多长
时间了？
I haven’t heart from my friend Jane recently.我最近没收到我的朋友简的来信。
2.表示过去的某一动作或某种状态一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下去，常与表示一段时间的状语all the time,all day,up to now,so far,in the past years,(ever)since then,since,for a long time,等连用。
e.g.We’ve been good friends since we were very young.我们从小就一直是好朋友。
Up to now,we haven’t received any complaint letter.到目前为止，我们还没有收到任何投诉信。
3.在时间状语或条件状语从句中，代替将来完成时。
e.g.You shouldn’t play games before you’ve finished your tasks.没有完成任务之前你不应该玩游
戏。
If you have promised to buy the bag for her,you should keep it.如果你已经承诺给她买包包，
请务必遵守诺言。
I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.我工作一结束就马上跟你一起去。
4.“have gone to”与“have been to”
(1)have gone to 表示“去而未归”
(2)have been to 表示“去已经回来了”
e.g.It can’t be John. He has gone to town. 那不可能是约翰，他去城里了。
John knows the way well. He has been to the city before.约翰非常熟悉那里的路，他以前去
过那个城市
三、使用现在完成时的特殊句式
1.It is/This is/It will be the first/second/last time that…… (that 引导的从句用现在完成时)
e.g.It is the first time that I have been there.这是我第一次来这里。
This is the first time that I have taken a plane.这是我第一次乘坐飞机。
This is the second time that I have read the interesting novel.这是我第二次读这本有趣的小
说了。
2.It/This is the best /worst/most+adj.+n.+that……(n.后的定语从句要用现在完成时)
e.g.This is the most ridiculous thing that I have ever heard.
It is the best gift that I have received.
3.hoped/thought/expected…+should/would+完成时表示期望或希望等未能实现。
e.g.I hoped you would have accepted his offer.我原本希望你能接受他的帮助。
I thought you would have supported me.我原以为你会支持我的。
I expected you should have lent me your bike.我原本希望你会借给我你的自行车的。
4.终止性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，可用于
It has been+时间段+since从句
重点终止性动词有：come,go,join,start,begin,leave…
e.g.It has been five years since he joined the army.他参军已经有五年了。
It has been three months since they met me last.自从他们上次见面到现在已有三个月了。
四、现在完成时与一般过去时的比较
现在完成时重在说明现在的情况，表示过去与现在的关系，强调结果。
一般过去时则通常只涉及过去的行为或状况。
e.gThe family have lived here for ten years.(仍在或离开)
The family lived here for ten years. (过去在，现在已离开)。
