山东省淄博市2018届高三下学期二模考试数学试题+word版含答案

高三阶段性适应训练考试英语试题2021.04 本试卷共三部分，共10页。

满分120分。

考试时间100分钟。

注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将答题卡上交。

第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

AYo-ho-ho and a whole lot of fun!Hello，friends!An interactive experience has dropped anchor at the Pirate Diving Adventure．Help Captain Poseidon locate his treasure by finding the missing map pieces hidden at the bottom of our own lagoon．While you’re searching，be sure to see how many different types of fish you can identify．We’re stocked with plenty，including tropical fish from all around the world! And when you’re done，walk away with some booty(战利品)of your own，including a$2 game card for our Family Fun Center．Designed for participants of all ages(children must be beyond diaper age，and accompanied by an adult if under 7)，Shark Reef Lagoon offers an opportunity to experience the beauty and magic of tropical diving—right on Long Island．We provide everything you’11 need for an adventure you’11 treasure foreve，including wet suit，life preserver，diving equipment and souvenir pirate eye patch．ScheduleDaily；July 1 st，2021 through Labor Day，202111：30 am，12：45 pm，2：00 pm，3：15 pm(Maximum 15 participants per session)PricingMembers：$31.50 plus applicable tax．Non-members：$35.50 plus applicable tax(Aquarium Admission MUST be purchased with Adventure)Contact usRegister online or call 631-208-92001．If you join in the Adventure，you________．A．can have a taste of some tropical fish B．can hunt for fish according to the map C．will be allowed to take away the treasure D．will have a chance to win some prizes2．According to the text，diaper age may refer to a time______．A．when you are just 10 years old B．when you are over 7 years oldC．when you become an adult D．when you are still a baby3．Who is the text intended for? A．Collectors．B．Sailors．C．Travelers．D．Fishermen．BTrucker Gerlock traveled hundreds of thousands of miles with his dog，Holly，who came with him on every route—including his last one．While driving near Dallas，Texas，on the job，the 59-year-old Marylander crashed into a concrete column．Gerlock was killed instantly．Looking in the back of the truck，though，rescue drivers found one survivor．Rescue workers cut the Chesapeake Bay retriever(切萨皮克海湾寻回犬)—practically untouched—out of the back of the truck，where she’d been sleeping．“It’s amazing that anything survived，”Sandy Nordhoff，friend of Gerlock，told The Kent County News．Unsure what happened to Holly，Gerlock’s friends from his town of Rock Hall，Maryland，made numerous calls and emails to agencies in order to find out where the dog was．Eventually，they found out she had been staying in Dallas Animal Services shelter and a foster family had taken her in for Thanksgiving．The Rock Hall locals hatched a plan to get her home．Joe Creighton and Sandy’s husband，Russell Nordhoff，both lifelong friends of Gerlock，volunteered to make the 2，800-mile trip from Rock Hall to Dallas and back，which took two days each way．The friends borrowed Gerlock’s pickup truck for the road，so Holly would feel more comfortable on the journey home，according to The Kent County News．Back in Rock Hall，some of Gerlock’s friends adopted Holly．Ever since，the dog has been a town icon(偶像)，making an appearance in almost every town parade．“The outpouring of love shown towards Gerlock and Holly was heartwarming，”Rock Hall resident Jamie Elburn tells Reader's Digest．“It shows how the companionship of‘man’s best friend’and simple kindness can overcome even the most difficult situation!”4．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 indicate?A．The trip was extremely tiring．B．The result was quite satisfying．C．The survivor was very smart．D．The accident was too serious．5．What happened to Holly after she was saved?A．She was nowhere to be found．B．She was put in an animal shelter．C．She was sent back home immediately． D．She was adopted by a foster family．6．What can we infer about the work on getting Holly back home?A．It was painstaking．B．It was full of danger．C．It tumed out to be interesting．D．It required much experience．7．How did Jamie Elburn feel about the whole story? A．Sympathetic．B．Grateful．C．Shocked．D．Touched．CThere are around 100 tribes(部落)that live in global isolation，mostly in South America and India．The Sentinelese have lived on one of the Andaman Islands in Eastern India for 60，000 years．They protect their island by fighting against people from outside．Their language is different from any other known language．Another Andaman tribe is the Jarawa．In the past，they were independent and fought against anybody trying to make contact with them．But in 1998，the Indian government built a road across their land，and since then，they’ve had more contact with the outside world．Some Amazon tribes avoid contact because ofunhappy memories．The Mashco-Piro left their vegetable gardens after rubber companies killed most of their tribe at the beginning of the 20th century．Those who survived became nomadic(游牧的)and started hunting animals in the forest．The Awa live in the Amazon forests ofBrazil．Out of 350 members，100 have no contact with the outside world．They left their villages and adopted a nomadic lifestyle around 1850 to escape attacks by Europeans．In the following years，farmers in nearby communities started cutting the trees to expand their farmland．The Awa lost most of their hunting land．The few Amazon tribes that still exist are fighting to keep their traditional way of life．Survival，an organization that fights for the rights of tribal people，says that uncontacted tribes are the most vulnerable(弱势的)humans on the planet and that’s why their environment should be unavailable to the rest of us．After years of pressure，the organization got Brazil’s government to clear non-natives from the Awa land．All non-Awa people are leaving so the tribe can get their forest back．But some think it's impossible for tribes to stay isolated forever in a connected world．Contact will be made one day．So the question is：Whose choice should it be，ours or theirs?8．What can we learn about the Sentinelese from the first paragraph?A．They resist contact from the outside world．B．They speakthe same language as the Jarawa．C．They are wild about fighting with other tribes．D．They have got help from the Indian govemment．9．Why did the Awa choose a nomadic lifestyle?A．To protect their hunting land．B．To search for food sources．C．To avoid threats from Europeans．D．To maintain their original way of life．10．Which of the following would Survival probably agree with?A．The tribes should be left undisturbed．B．The tribes should fight for more living space．C．The cribes should live in harmony with nature．D．The tribes should adapt to the connected world．11．What can be the best title for the text?A．The Nomadic Tribes in the World B．Seeking Survival of TribesC．The Unavailable Tribal Environment D．Protecting the Tribal ForestsDChinese researchers have developed a robot designed to help doctors treat the new coronavirus and other highly infectious diseases．The machine has a long robotic arm attached to a base with wheels．It can perform some of the same medical examination tasks as doctors．Cameras record the robot’s activities，which are controlled remotely so doctors can avoid coming in close contact with infected patients．Doctors and other medical workers can operate the machine from a nearby room，or from much farther away．The robot’s main designer is Zheng Gangtie，an engineer and professor at Tsinghua University．He told a news agency that he got the idea for the device around the time of the Lunar New Year in January，when the COVID-19 virus was spreading quickly．Zheng said a friend of his is the head of Beijing’s Tsinghua Changgung Hospital．He said his friend told him that one of the biggest problems in dealing with COVID-19 was that healthcare workers treating patients were getting infected themselves．Zheng said he wanted to do something to help this situation．So the engineer gathered a team and went to work on the robotic device．The team was able to convert(转换) two robotic alls．The devices use the same technology that is used for space equipment．The new robot is almost completely automated and perform the most dangerous tasks．However，some doctors said that it would be better not to build such robots to be fully automatic．This is because many patients still desire a personal presence to help calm them during treatment．The plan is to use the robot to help treat coronavirus patients，along with assistance from nurses and other hospital workers．Zheng said he would like to build more of the robots and does not plan to make any profit from the design，but hopes that a company can begin that process．12．What is one feature of the robot?A．It takes the place of doctors．B．It performs tasks through cameras．C．It flees patients from diseases．D．It allows doctors to work from a distance．13．Why did Zheng mention his friend in Paragraph 4?A．To appreciate his timely help．B．To introduce the caring expert．C．To explain the reason for creating the device．D．To show the great danger of COVID-19 virus．14．What did some doctor say about the device in Paragraph 5?A．It requires some improvement．B．It can’t replace doctors completely．C．It is not useful to patients．D．It is of great convenience．15．What can be inferred about Zheng?A．He cares little about money．B．He gets on well with his friends．C．He is a leading scientist in his field．D．He is a teacher at Tsinghua University．第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

宁波市2023学年第二学期模拟考试高三语文试卷一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I (本题共5小题，18分)阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。

材料一①宇宙中的碳自诞生之始就具有“建筑师”潜力，奠定了地球生命总建筑师的角色基础，碳的流动紧密结合了生物演化与居于引导地位的地球物理力量。

生命总是驱动着地质发展，也为地质发展所驱策，碳在生物之中的流动，靠着自然界的无生命力量和生命演化缠绕在一起，短期碳循环可以从几分之一秒延续到数十年、数百年，而长期碳循环则涵盖岩石圈和板块运动的领域，包含风化与沉积，能够延续数千万年。

大气中的碳含量在每个地质时间尺度上都是相互配合的，通常以气温变动为先导，但工业时代之后就不再是这样了，人类工业活动对气候秩序的改变，比板块运动和岩石风化速度要快得多。

人类做出的每样东西，大部分不是由碳组成，就是以碳的火焰打造而成。

工业活动逆转了光合作用，把氧气和硬质碳变回二氧化碳，人为影响抹消了生物与地质时间尺度的界限。

在短暂的时间里，人类从一种有影响力的物种变成地球演化和地质变化最有力的推手，我们影响这个星球的程度，不论在范围还是强度上都是很独特的，除了陨石撞击以外，应该只有人类能够将地质速度提升到这么快，而工业成为影响生物与地质之间交互作用的最主要因素。

②人类知识转变为发明随后获得经济价值的模式，是通过基础科学激发科技创新的模式，资源、知识和工具滋生出更多的资源、知识和工具，以难以量化的方式改变了地球表面和大气。

由于碳累积值动辄以百万年为尺度，因此长期的碳循环总是容易被忽视，进而让长期碳循环加速到进入短期循环的路线。

随着人类火焰蔓延和经济之手的挑拨，在工业蜡烛越来越大的时代，我们自认为人类的生活方式和持续性比大部分其他物种的生存更加重要，但是，自然界没有所谓的人类发展的中心法则，人类才智的成就促使科技跃进，对地球产生的影响也正在反噬人类自身，逐渐走向自毁之路，新一轮的碳反思正在发生。

③在碳科学上的无知常常阻碍人们在遏制气候变化上所做的努力，而学术上的分裂直接影响着气候变化问题的解决方案。

母题十 导数的基本运算【母题原题1】【2018某某，文10】已知函数()()e ln ,xf x x f x ='为()f x 的导函数，则()1f '的值为__________． 【答案】e【解析】试题分析：首先求导函数，然后结合导函数的运算法则整理计算即可求得最终结果．试题解析：由函数的解析式可得：()11e ln e e ln x xx f x x x x x ⎛⎫'=⨯+⨯=+ ⎪⎝⎭， 则()111e ln1e 1f ⎛⎫'=⨯+= ⎪⎝⎭．即()1f '的值为e ．【名师点睛】本题主要考查导数的运算法则，基本初等函数的导数公式等知识，意在考查学生的转化能力和计算求解能力．【母题原题2】【2017某某，文10】已知a ∈R ，设函数()ln f x ax x =-的图象在点（1，(1)f ）处的切线为l ，则l 在y 轴上的截距为 ． 【答案】1()()000y y f x x x '-=-．注意：求曲线切线时，要分清在点P 处的切线与过点P 的切线的不同,谨记，有切点直接带入切点，没切点设切点，建立方程组求切点．【母题原题3】【2016某某，文10】已知函数()(2+1),()x f x x e f x '=为()f x 的导函数，则(0)f '的值为__________． 【答案】3 【解析】()(2+3),(0) 3.x f x x e f ''=∴=【名师点睛】求函数的导数的方法(1)连乘积的形式：先展开化为多项式的形式，再求导； (2)根式形式：先化为分数指数幂，再求导；(3)复杂公式：通过分子上凑分母，化为简单分式的和、差，再求导； (4)复合函数：确定复合关系，由外向内逐层求导；(5)不能直接求导的：适当恒等变形，转化为能求导的形式再求导．【母题原题4】【2015某某，文11】已知函数()()ln ,0,f x ax x x =∈+∞ ,其中a 为实数,()f x '为()f x 的导函数,若()13f '= ,则a 的值为．【答案】3【解析】因为()()1ln f x a x '=+ ,所以()13f a '==． 【考点定位】本题主要考查导数的运算法则．【名师点睛】本题考查内容单一,求出()()1ln f x a x '=+由,再由()13f '=可直接求得a 的值,因此可以说本题是一道基础题,但要注意运算的准确性,由于填空题没有中间分,一步出错,就得零分,故运算要特别细心．【命题意图】主要考查导数的运算、导数的几何意义，考查代数式化简与变形能力、运算求解能力，运用数形结合、分类讨论的思想方法分析与解决问题能力．【命题规律】导数的基本运算几乎是每年高考的必考内容，考查题型以选择题、填空题，有时出现在解答题的第(1)问中，难度偏小，属中低档题．常见的命题角度有：(1)求导函数值；(2)求切线方程；(3)求参数的值． 【答题模板】解答本类题目，以2018年高考题为例，一般考虑如下两步： 第一步：求导数得()11e ln e e ln xxx f x x x x x ⎛⎫'=⨯+⨯=+ ⎪⎝⎭，第二步：把1x =代入上式，得()111e ln1e 1f ⎛⎫'=⨯+= ⎪⎝⎭，即()1f '的值为e ．【方法总结】一、导数的代数意义及其几何意义1．代数意义：函数y =f （x ）在x =x 0处的瞬时变化率0000()()limlimx x f x x f x yxx ∆→∆→+∆-∆=∆∆叫做y =f （x ）在0x x =处导数， 记作0000000()()()|,()lim limx x x x f x x f x yf x y f x x x =∆→∆→+∆-∆'''==∆∆或即 2．几何意义：函数f （x ）在点0x 处的导数0()f x '的几何意义是在曲线y =f （x ）上点00(,())x f x 处的切线的斜率．相应地，切线方程为'000()()()y f x f x x x -=-． 二、导数的四则运算1．熟记基本初等函数的导数公式 2．导数的运算法则（1）''[()]()cf x cf x =；（2）[]'''()()()()f x g x f x g x ±=±；（3）[]'''()()()()()()f x g x f x g x f x g x ⋅=±；（4）[]'''2()()()()()(()0)()()f x f x g x f x g x g x g x g x ⎡⎤-=≠⎢⎥⎣⎦． 3．函数求导应先注意函数的定义域．4．对复杂函数求导时应注意先对函数进行化简．1．【2018某某某某5月模拟】已知是函数的导函数，且对任意的实数都有（是自然对数的底数），，则（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．【答案】D【名师点睛】本题需要构造函数，一般：（1）条件含有，就构造,（2）若，就构造，（3），就构造，（4）就构造，等便于给出导数时联想构造函数．2．【2018某某三模】设函数的导函数记为，若，则（）A． -1 B． C． 1 D． 3【答案】D【名师点睛】该题涉及到的知识点有正余弦的求导公式，同角三角函数关系式，还有就是函数在某点处的导数就是导函数在相应的点处的函数值，利用公式求得结果．3．【2018某某某某二模】已知函数在处取极值10，则A． 4或 B． 4或 C． 4 D．【答案】C【解析】分析：根据函数的极值点和极值得到关于的方程组，解方程组并进行验证可得所求．详解：∵，∴．由题意得，即，解得或．当时，，故函数单调递增，无极值．不符合题意．∴．故选C．【名师点睛】（1）导函数的零点并不一定就是函数的极值点，所以在求出导函数的零点后一定要注意分析这个零点是不是函数的极值点．（2）对于可导函数f(x)，f′(x0)＝0是函数f(x)在x＝x0处有极值的必要不充分条件，因此在根据函数的极值点或极值求得参数的值后需要进行验证，舍掉不符合题意的值． 4．【2018某某豫南九校模拟】已知函数是函数的导函数，（其中为自然对数的底数），对任意实数，都有，则不等式的解集为（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．【答案】B【名师点睛】解抽象不等式的常用方法是构造函数后利用函数的单调性求解，其中如何构造函数是解题的难点，在本题中根据含有的不等式，并结合导数的求导法则构造出函数是关键．5．【2018某某某某模拟】已知函数()y f x =在()0+∞，上非负且可导，满足，()()21xf x f x x x +≤-+-',若0a b <<,则下列结论正确的是( )A ． ()()af b bf a ≤B ． ()()af b bf a ≥C ． ()()af a f b ≤D ． ()()bf b f a ≤ 【答案】A【解析】因为()()21xf x f x x x +≤-+-'()'0,xf x ⎡⎤∴<∴⎣⎦函数()()F x xf x =在()0,+∞上递减，又0a b <<且()f x 非负，于是有()()0af a bf b >≥，①22110a b>>，②①②两式相乘得()()()()0f a f b af b bf a ab>≥→<，根据“或”命题成立的条件可得()()af b bf a ≤成立，故选A ．【方法点睛】本题主要考查抽象函数的单调性以及函数的求导法则，属于难题．求解这类问题一定要耐心读题、读懂题，通过对问题的条件和结论进行类比、联想、抽象、概括，准确构造出符合题意的函数是解题的关键；解这类不等式的关键点也是难点就是构造合适的函数，构造函数时往往从两方面着手：①根据导函数的“形状”变换不等式“形状”；②若是选择题，可根据选项的共性归纳构造恰当的函数．本题通过观察四个选项，联想到函数()()F x xf x =，再结合条件判断出其单调性，进而得出正确结论．6．【2018某某模拟】已知函数()()2ln f x x x f a =+',且()11f =-则实数a 等于( )A ． 12-或1 B ． 12C ． 1D ． 2 【答案】C【解析】取1x =得()()1ln11f f a =+=-'，则()/1f a =-，取0x a =>得()()12f a af a a=+''，则2210a a --=，解得1a =或12a =-（舍去），故选C 7．【2018某某二模】已知函数，为的导函数，则_______．【答案】【名师点睛】考查基本初等函数和商的导数的求导公式，已知函数求值的方法．8．【2018某某静海一中模拟】已知函数f (x )＝ax ln x ，x ∈(0，＋∞)，其中a 为实数，f ′(x )为f (x )的导函数．若f ′(1)＝3，则a 的值为________．【答案】3【解析】()()1ln f x a x '=+，()13f a '==． 9．【2018某某上学期期末考试】已知函数()ln xf x x=，()'f x 为()f x 的导函数，则()'1f 的值为__________． 【答案】1【解析】∵()ln x f x x =，∴()221ln 1ln x xx x f x x x⋅--=='，∴()11f '=．答案：110．【2018某某一中期中考试】已知函数 ()()()21221f x f x x f =++'，则 ()2f '的值为__________． 【答案】-6【解析】分析：函数表达式中有两个参数()()1,'1f f ，因此需要构建()()1,'1f f 的方程组求出它们的值后才能求()'2f 的值．详解：令1x =，则()()1'12f f +=-①．又()()'2'12f x f x =+，故令1x =得()'12f =-，由①得()10f =，故()222f x x x =-+，()'42f x x =-+，所以()'26f =-．填6-．【名师点睛】本题考查函数解析式的求法，因原函数中含有特定导数值，故常利用导函数构建与特定导数值相关的方程或方程组，解出它们的值即可． 11．【2018某某一中月考五】已知在平面直角坐标系中，曲线在处的切线过原点，则__________．【答案】【名师点睛】用导数的几何意义求曲线方程时，注意“在点P 处的切线”和“过点P 的切线”的区别，其中“在点P 处的切线”的含义是点P 在曲线上，同时点P 又是切点，求“过点P 的切线”时要转化为另一种情况处理．12．【2018某某某某三模】已知函数，在区间上任取一个实数，则的概率为__________． 【答案】【解析】分析：由,可得，利用几何概型概率公式可得结果．详解：，由，可得，的概率为，故答案为．【名师点睛】本题題主要考查“长度型”的几何概型，属于中档题．解决几何概型问题常见类型有：长度型、角度型、面积型、体积型，求与长度有关的几何概型问题关鍵是计算问题的总长度以及事件的长度．13．【2018某某豫南九校模拟】若，则__________．【答案】6 【解析】由题得，所以故填6．14．【2018某某省某某金卷调研卷（五）】已知函数()()()513f x x x =-+,()f x '为()f x 的导函数，则()f x '的展开式中2x 项的系数是__________． 【答案】-540【方法点晴】本题主要考查导数的求导法则以及二项展开式定理的通项与系数，属于简单题．二项展开式定理的问题也是高考命题热点之一，关于二项式定理的命题方向比较明确，主要从以下几个方面命题：（1）考查二项展开式的通项公式1r n r r r n T C a b -+=；（可以考查某一项，也可考查某一项的系数）（2）考查各项系数和和各项的二项式系数和；（3）二项展开式定理的应用． 15．【2018某某某某四模】已知()()'1ln f f x x x x=+，则()'1f =__________．【答案】12． 【解析】因为()()2'11ln f f x x x '=+-，令1x =，得()()11'1f f ='-，解得()1'12f =．16．【2018某某某某模拟】等比数列{}n a 中，182,4a a ==,函数()()()()128f x x x a x a x a =--⋯-，则()0f '=__________．【答案】122 【解析】函数()()()()128...f x x x a x a x a =---，()()()()128'...f x x a x a x a =---()()()128...'x x a x a x a ⎡⎤+---⎣⎦，则()()441212818'0...82f a a a a a =⋅===，故答案为122．17．【2018某某二模】已知函数()f x 的导函数为()'f x ，且满足关系式()()3'2ln f x xf x =+，则()'1f 的值等于__________．【答案】1418．【2018某某某某一模】已知()()31303f x x xf =+',则()1f '＝_________． 【答案】1【解析】由题意可得：()()2'3'0f x x f =+，令0x =可得：()()()2'003'0,'00f f f =+∴=，则：()()()321,','113f x x f x x f =∴==．。

17.若某二倍体高等动物（2n＝4）的基因型为DdEe，其1个精原细胞（其中一对同源染色体的DNA被32P全部标记）在不含32P的培养液中培养一段时间，分裂过程中形成的其中1个次级精母细胞如图所示，图中细胞有2个染色体DNA含有32P。下列叙述正确的是（ ）
A.形成图中细胞的过程中未发生变异
B.图中细胞含有32P的DNA位于姐妹染色单体上
A.蛋白P属于转运蛋白，其运输速率易受环境温度的影响
B.小囊泡在细胞中运输的动力和方向由线粒体提供和决定
C.抗体不经消化即被仔鼠吸收需依赖细胞膜的流动性和选择性
D.抗体与蛋白P的结合和分离与内环境不同部位的pH不同有关
6.用某种高等植物的纯合红花植株与纯合白花植株进行杂交，F1全部表现为红花。F1自交，得到的F2植株中，红花为272株，白花为212株；用纯合白花植株的花粉给F1红花植株授粉，得到的子代植株中，红花为101株，白花为302株。下列叙述错误的是（ ）
C.能在添加β-紫罗酮的培养基上长成菌落的细菌，其遗传物质不一定发生改变
D.经过程①紫外线照射 三孢布拉霉负菌有的不能在含β-紫罗酮的培养基上生长
9.茶树常采用扦插繁殖。某研究小组为探究不同浓度三十烷醇对茶树插条生根的影响进行了一组预实验，结果如图所示。下列叙述错误的是（ ）
A.可变因素是三十烷醇的浓度
16.为落实绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，某地开展了退耕还湖工程。某个经过改造的湖泊生态系统中存在三个营养级，分别为植物、植食性动物和肉食性动物。三个营养级能量流动情况的调查结果如下表所示：（单位：×103kJ）
营养级
植物
植食性动物
肉食性动物
同化量
500
Y
Z
呼吸作用消耗
132