猫的生殖系统解剖特征汇总
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犬、猫的解剖生理特点篇本篇主要介绍犬猫的解剖生理特点,这对于动物爱好者了解犬猫的生活习性,特别是动物医生对犬猫病的正确诊断、治疗等至关重要。
外貌特征犬猫的品种繁多,体态各异,大小不一。
外形一般分头、躯干和四肢三部分。
头部分颅部和面部,有嘴、鼻、眼和耳等。
头部外形有其品种特征,如犬,按其长度可分为长头型、短头型和中头型。
不同品种的犬,耳廓也有不同的形状,有直立耳、半直立耳、垂耳、蝙蝠耳、钮扣耳、蔷薇耳、断形耳等。
而猫的头部较短。
躯干部包括颈部、胸部、腰腹部和尾部。
犬的颈部应是肌肉丰满,长度大约与头的长度相等(短头型犬例外)。
胸部分髻甲、背部和胸廓。
发育良好者,髻甲应高,背部平直又宽阔,胸廓呈椭圆形、容量大且具活动性。
腰部应短、宽,肌肉发达,稍微凸起。
尾部是犬品种特征的标志之一,有卷尾、鼠尾、钩状尾、螺旋尾、直立尾、旗状尾、丝状尾和镰状尾等。
猫骨骼的整体结构特别富于活动性和伸缩性,胸腰段脊柱的弯曲凸向背侧。
胸廓纵向长,但比较狭窄。
四肢包括前肢和后肢。
一般前脚5趾,而后肢拇趾退化只剩4趾。
运动型猎狗的体格健壮、四肢较长而灵活,而观赏狗的四肢较短,体型大多矮小。
犬体测量对犬品种的鉴定,除外貌特征外,还需进行犬体各部位的测量。
犬体测量要在专门准备的平坦、土壤坚固的场地或没有凹凸的地面上进行。
在测量前应让犬熟悉测量上具,主要工具有:末端带保险球的畜牧用的金属量角规,两面带有刻度的标准软尺和金属测量手杖。
测量时应准确地把工具放在规定的位置上,以使其紧贴被测部位体壁。
犬体各部位测量名称、器具和方法见表l。
衰l犬体测量名称、器具和方法测量名称测量器具测量方法鼻面长额长头长颧骨部头宽甲高臀高躯体斜长胸深胸前宽胸围前肢长管围软尺或圆规软尺或圆规软尺或圆规圆规测量手杖测量手杖测量手杖测量手杖测量手杖软尺软尺软尺两眼内角连线至鼻端————两眼窝连线至后项部(枕骨部)从后项部主鼻端的直线头的最宽部位,在额骨和颧骨中间,耳前额骨弧线处鲁甲最高处在髋结节臀部最高处从肩胛突出部分至坐骨结节将测量的一端固定在胸下,然后移到前肢后的肩胛部两前肢肩关节间距离,可在前方或上方测量以剑状软骨在前肢肘后部围绕胸廓周围从肘部到地面的高度在腕关节下部和五指根上面用软尺围绕测量皮肤及汗腺特征皮肤被覆于体表,其厚度随不同品种变化很大,由外向内依次分表皮、真皮和皮下组织三层。
动物生殖系统的解剖及生理特征动物生殖系统是生物体的一个重要组成部分,其功能包括生殖细胞的产生和输送、交配行为的发生、胚胎和胎儿的发育等。
本文将主要介绍动物生殖系统的解剖结构和生理特征。
一、雄性生殖系统(一)解剖结构雄性生殖系统由睾丸、附睾、输精管、前列腺、尿道球腺和阴茎等组成。
睾丸是雄性生殖系统的主要器官,其位于阴囊内。
睾丸有两个主要功能,一是生产精子,二是分泌男性激素。
精子由睾丸内的精子形成细胞产生,经过附睾和输精管输送到尿道球腺。
前列腺位于输精管的上部,在射精时分泌液体,为精子提供适宜的环境。
尿道球腺亦称副射精腺,在射精时分泌液体,其中含有许多成分,如葡萄糖和蛋白质,是精液的主要成分之一。
阴茎分为根部、身体和龟头三部分,是男性外生殖器官,射精时会从龟头射出。
(二)生理特征雄性生殖系统生理特征包括生殖细胞的产生和精子的发育。
精子的发育是一个漫长的过程,从精子形成细胞到成熟精子离开睾丸,需要约70天的时间。
精子从精子形成细胞开始居中分裂,形成一大量的精子原细胞,这些细胞会进一步分裂成精子。
睾丸内有两种重要细胞,一种是间质细胞,主要产生雄性激素,如睾酮。
另一种是精子形成细胞,主要产生精子。
二、雌性生殖系统(一)解剖结构雌性生殖系统由卵巢、输卵管、子宫、阴道和外阴等组成。
卵巢是雌性生殖系统内最大的器官,其主要功能是产生卵子和女性激素。
输卵管是卵子输送的通道,其上端与卵巢相连,下端与子宫相连。
子宫是雌性生殖系统内最重要的器官之一,其主要功能是孕育胎儿。
阴道是由外阴和大阴唇构成的通道,其主要功能是接收男性生殖器,允许精子进入。
(二)生理特征雌性生殖系统生理特征包括卵子的产生和排出、周期性子宫内膜脱落和重建等。
卵巢中的卵泡会定期地释放自己的卵子,这些卵子会进入输卵管,等待精子的到来。
如果没有与精子结合,卵子会在子宫内膜中滞留和死亡。
如果受精,卵子会在子宫内膜中着床,并发育成胎儿。
三、两性生殖系统的相互作用两性生殖系统通过两个主要途径互相作用:交配和孕育。
公猫的生殖是什么样的
公猫的生殖特点是:主要是由睾丸、阴囊、前列腺、阴茎等组合而成,阴囊就在两股后面,肛门的下方位置。
睾丸是属于椭圆形的成对器官,具体位置就在阴囊里面,附睾是在睾丸边缘的位置,并且跟睾丸紧密结合在一起。
前列腺就在尿道骨盆后面。
尿道的球腺是属于分支的管泡状腺体,位置就在坐骨弓的尿生殖道骨盆部周边的两侧。
公猫跟母猫交配的时候,阴茎会变大,同时阴茎上面的倒刺可以确保在交配期间,阴茎不会脱落下来。
另外公猫会咬住母猫的脖子,避免母猫有逃跑的现象。
由于这种行为会很母猫很痛苦,因此交配完成后母猫会和暴怒。
图Ⅳ-1外形和分部The shape and distribution图Ⅳ-2整体骨骼侧面观The skeleton. Lateral view1颈neck2耳ear3头head4眼eye5鼻nose6口mouth7前肢anterior limb8尾cauda9背back10后肢posterior limb11胸thorax12肋骨rib13腰椎lumbar vertebra 14髂骨ilium15坐骨ischium16尾骨coccyx17股骨femur18髌骨patella19腓骨fibula20胫骨tibia21跗骨tarsal bone22跖骨metatarsal bone 23趾骨digital bone24胸骨sternum25肩胛骨scapula26胸椎thoracic vertebra 27颈椎cervical vertebra 28枢椎axis29寰椎atlas30枕骨occipital bone 31顶骨parietal bone32额骨frontal bone33上颌骨maxillary bone 34颧骨malar bone35下颌骨mandible bone 36颞骨temporal bone 37肱骨humerus38尺骨ulna39桡骨radius40掌骨metacarpal bone 41指骨digital bone42腕骨carpal bone图Ⅳ-3头骨上面The skull. Superior aspect 图Ⅳ-4头骨下面The skull. Inferior aspect图Ⅳ-5头骨侧面The skull. Lateral aspect图Ⅳ-6头骨前面The skull. Anterior aspect1上颌骨maxillary bone 2眶下孔infraorbitalfossa3颧骨malar bone 4眶腔orbital cavity5颞骨temporal bone 6外鼻孔external naris7鼻骨nasal bone 8泪骨lacrimal bone9额骨frontal bone 10冠状缝coronalsuture11顶骨parietal bone 12矢状缝sagittal suture13矢状嵴sagittal crest 14人字缝lambdoid suture15犬齿canine tooth 16下颌骨mandible bone17臼齿molar tooth 18颧弓zygomatic arch19后鼻孔posterior naris 20鼓泡tympanic bulla21枕骨occipital bone 22枕大孔foramen magnum23眶腔orbital cavity 24外耳门external acoustic pore 25鼻前孔anterior naris 26门齿incisor tooth27上犬齿upper canine tooth 28下犬齿lower canine tooth29上臼齿upper molar tooth 30下臼齿lower molar tooth31额骨frontal bone 32下鼻甲inferior concha33下门齿lower incisor图Ⅳ-7颈椎腹面The cervical vertebra. 图Ⅳ-8颈椎背面The cervical vertebra.Ventralaspect Dorsalaspect图Ⅳ-9胸椎背面The thoracic vertebra. 图Ⅳ-10腰椎侧面The lumbar vertebra.Dorsalaspect Lateralaspect1寰椎atlas2第一颈椎1st cervical vertebra3第二颈椎2nd cervical vertebra4第三颈椎3rd cervical vertebra5第四颈椎4th cervical vertebra6第五颈椎5th cervical vertebra7第六颈椎6th cervical vertebra8第七颈椎7th cervical vertebra9横突transverse process10棘突spinous process11枢椎axis12第一胸椎棘突spinous process of lstthoracic vertebra 13第二胸椎棘突spinous process of 2nd thoracic vertebra 14第三胸椎棘突spinous process of 3rd thoracic vertebra 15第四胸椎棘突spinous process of 4th thoracic vertebra 16第五胸推棘突spinous process of 5th thoracic vertebra 17第六胸椎棘突spinous process of 6th thoracic vertebra 18第七胸椎棘突spinous process of 7th thoracic vertebra 19第一胸椎Istthoracic vertebra20第二胸椎2nd thoracic vertebra21第三胸椎3rd thoracic vertebra22第四胸椎 4th thoracic vertebra23第五胸椎5th thoracic vertebra24第六胸椎6th thoracic vertebra25第七胸椎7th thoracic vertebra26椎间孔intervertebral foramen27关节突articular process图Ⅳ-11胸廓背面The thorax. Dorsal 图Ⅳ-12肩胛骨背面The scapula. Dorsal aspect aspect图Ⅳ-13肩胛骨腹面The scapula. Ventral aspect1胸椎棘突spinous process of thoracicvertebra2胸椎thoracic vertebra3肋骨rib4浮肋floating ribs5前缘anterior brim6冈上窝infraspinousfossa7背缘dorsal brim8关节孟glenoid cavity9喙突coracoid process10肩峰acromion11后缘posterior brim12肩胛冈scapular spine13冈下窝supraspinous fossa14肩胛下窝subscapularfossa图Ⅳ-14前肢骨内侧面The bones of anterior limb .Medial aspect图Ⅳ-15前肢骨外侧面The bones of anterior limb. Lateral aspect1肱骨头head of humerus 2肱骨humerus 3桡骨radius 4尺骨ulna 5腕骨carpal bone 6掌骨metacarpal bone 7指骨digital bone图Ⅳ-16骨盆背面The pelvis. 图Ⅳ-17骨盆腹面The pelvis. Ventral aspect Dorsal aspect图Ⅳ-18骨盆及尾骨侧面The pelvis and coccyx. Lateral aspect1髂骨翼ala of ilium2荐骨sacrum3髋臼acetabulum4坐骨棘ischialspine5坐骨支ramus of ischium6坐骨结节ischial tuberosity7尾骨coccyx8耻骨pubis9坐骨ischum10坐耻骨联合ischiopubicsymphysis11荐骨翼ala of sacrum12闭孔obturator foramen13耻骨联合pubic symphysis14坐骨弓ischial arch15髂前上棘anterior superioriliac spine图Ⅳ-19后肢骨内侧面The bones of posterior limb. Medial aspect图Ⅳ-20后肢骨外侧面The bones of posterior limb. Lateral aspect1胫骨tibia2趾骨digital bone3跖骨metatarsal bone4跟骨calcaneus5腓骨fibula6髌骨patella7股骨femur8股骨头femoral head图Ⅳ-21口腔前面观The oral cavity. Anterior view图Ⅳ-23脑背面The brain. Dorsal aspect图Ⅳ-22喉与舌上面The larynx and tongue. Superior aspect1上犬齿upper canine tooth 2上臼齿upper molar toot3下臼齿lower molar tooth 4下犬齿lower canine tooth5鼻前孔anterior naris 6 门齿incisor tooth7硬腭hard palate 8软腭soft palate9舌tongue 10喉口aperture of larynx11会厌软骨epiglottic cartilage 12下颌骨mandible13舌扁桃体lingual tonsil 14舌根root of tongue15舌体body of tongue 16舌尖apex of tongue17嗅球olfactory bulb 18乙状回sigmoid gyros19薛氏上回suprasylvian gyrus 20薛氏后回retrosylvian gyros21缘回supramarginal gyros 22眶小脑半球orbital cerebellar hemisphere 23薛氏前沟anterior sylvian sulcus 24十字沟cruciate sulcus25外侧沟lateral sulcus 26小脑vermis27小脑半球cerebellar hemisphere 28脊髓spinal cord图Ⅳ-24脑腹面The brain. Ventral aspect图Ⅳ-25脑外侧面The brain. Lateral aspect图Ⅳ-26脑与背髓背面The brain and 图Ⅳ-27脑与脊髓腹面The brain and spinal cord.Dorsal aspect spinal cord.Ventral aspect1视神经optic nerve2下颌神经mandibular nerve3上颌神经maxillary nerve4眼神经ophthalmic nerve5脑桥墓底沟basilar sulcus of pons6延髓myelencephalon7嗅束olfaceory tract8嗅神经olfactory nerve9视交叉optic chiasma10梨状叶pyriform lobe11大脑脚cerebral pedumcle12脑桥pons13 延髓锥体of myelencephalon14薛氏上沟suprasylvian sulcus15外侧沟lateral sulcus16柄状沟slalked sulcus17十字沟cmciate sulcus18眶沟orbital sulci19嗅球olfactory bulb20薛氏裂sylvian fissure21外薛氏后沟lateral retrosylvian sulcus 22小脑cerebellum23前庭蜗神经vestibulocochlear nerve24脊髓spinal cord25面神经ficial nerve26三叉神经trigeminal nerve27眶回orbital gyri28乙状回sigmoid gyri29缘回marginal gyrus30薛氏前沟anterior sylvian sulcus31外薛氏前沟lateralanterior sylvian sulcus 32颈膨大cervical enlargement33腰膨大lumbar enlargement34中脑midbraim1背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle2上后锯肌serratus posterior superior muscle3头head4颈肌群muscles of neck5斜方肌trapezius muscle6肱二头肌biceps brachii muscle7肱三头肌triceps brachii muscle8前肢屈肌群flexor muscles of anterior limb9前肢伸肌群extensor muscles of anterior limb 10腰背筋膜lumbodorsal fascia11尾cauda12腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 13股外侧肌vastus lateralis muscle14缝匠肌sartorius muscle15股收肌adductor femoris muscle16后肢屈肌群flexor muscles of posterior limb17后肢伸肌群extensor muscles of posterior limb1前肢anterior limb 2口mouth3颈外静脉external jugular vein 4三角肌deltoid muscle5胸大肌pectoralis major muscle 6前臂筋膜张肌tensor fasciae muscle of forearm 7前背锯肌serratus anterior dorsi muscle 8浅筋膜superficial fascia9腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 10腹直肌rectus abdominis muscle11缝匠肌sartorius muscle12股收肌adductor femoris muscle 13后肢posterior limb 14尾cauda15指伸肌extensor digitorum muscle16尺侧腕伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris muscle17肱三头肌triceps brachii muscle 18斜方肌trapezius muscle 19背长肌longus dorsi muscle 20背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle21腰背筋膜lumbodorsal fascia 22臀浅肌gluteus superficialis muscle 23半腱肌semitendinosus muscl图Ⅳ-42躯干肌侧面(1)The muscles of trunk. Lateral aspect(1)图Ⅳ-43躯干肌侧面(2)The muscles of trunk. Lateral aspect (2)1上后锯肌serratus posterior superior muscle 2斜方肌trapezius muscle3背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle 4三角肌deltoid muscle5肱三头肌triceps brachii muscle 6腰背筋膜lumbodorsal fascia7臀浅肌gluteus superficialis muscle 8缝匠肌sartorius muscle9股外侧肌vastus lateralis muscle 10股内侧肌vastus medialis muscle 11腹外斜肌extermal oblique muscle of abdomen 12口mouth13枕下颌肌occipitomandibular muscle 14肱二头肌biceps brachii muscle 15胸头肌pectoralis capitis muscle 16胸大肌pectoralis major muscle 17胸直肌rectus pectoralis muscle 18腹直肌rectus abdominis muscle图Ⅳ-44胸肌Thpetoral muscle图Ⅳ-45腹肌The abdominal muscle1鼻涕nasnl2口mouth3胸骨舌骨肌sternohyoid muscle4锁臂肌clavicobrachialis muscle5胸大肌pectoralis major muscle6背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle7胸直肌rectus pectoralis muscle8腹白线linea alba9腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen10腹直肌鞘sheath of rectus abdominis muscle11浅筋膜superficial fascia12腹直肌鞘前层anterior layer of sheath of rectus abdominis muscle 13缝匠肌前部anterior part of sartorius muscle14缝匠肌后部posterior part of sartorius muscle15股收肌adductor femoris muscle16股静脉femoral vein17后肢posterior limb18尾cauda图Ⅳ-46胸、腹腔器官(1)The organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities(1)图Ⅳ-47胸、腹腔器官(2)The organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities (2)l前臂筋膜张肌tensor fasciae muscle of forearm2右肺right lung3肝右中叶right middle lobe of liver4肝右外叶right lateral lobe of liver5腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen6腹内斜肌internal oblique muscle of abdomen7腹横肌transversus abdominis muscle8缝匠肌sartorius muscle9胸大肌pectoralis major muscle10三角肌deltoid muscleI1左肺left lung12心包pericardium13膈 diaphragm14肝左中叶left middle lobe of liver 15肝左外叶left lateral lobe of liver 16胃stomach17大网膜greater omentum18壁腹膜parietal peritoneum19回肠ileum20降结肠descending colon21膀胱urinary bladder22股静脉femoral vein23空肠jejunum24心heart25缝匠肌sartorius muscle26股静脉femoral vein27股收肌adductor femoris muscle图Ⅳ-48胸腔器官The organs in the thoracic cavity图Ⅳ-49心与肺腹面The heart and lung. Ventral aspect1肋端costal end2右肺right lung3胸肋面stemocostalsurface4心包pericardium5胸大肌pectoralis major muscle6正中神经median nerve7背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle8前背锯肌serratus anterior dorsi muscle9左肺left lung10 膈diaphragm11后腔静脉postcaval vein12气管trachea13心heart图Ⅳ-50心左面The heart. Left surface 图Ⅳ-51心右面The heart. Right surface图Ⅳ-52左心房和左心室The left atrium 图Ⅳ-53右心房和右心室The right atrium and left ventricle and right ventricle1肺动脉pulmonary artery 2冠状沟coronary sulcus3左心房left atrium 4左心室left ventricle5心尖cardiac apex 6右心耳right auricle7动脉圆锥conus arteriosus 8右心室right ventrical9左心耳left auricle 10前室间沟anterior interventricular groove 11前腔静脉precaval vein 12肺静脉pulmonary vein13梳状肌pectinate muscles 14二尖瓣mitral valve15腱索chordaetendineae 16乳头肌papillary muscles17左室壁wall of left ventrical 18心外膜epicardium19三尖瓣tricaspid valve 20右心室腔cavity of right ventricle21右心室壁wall of right ventricle 22肺动脉干1胆囊gall bladder2肝右叶right lobe of liver3股静脉femoral vein4精索spermatic cord5股收肌adductor femoris muscle6腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 7肝liver8胃stomach9大网膜greater omentum10腹内斜肌internal oblique muscle of abdomen 11缝匠肌前部anterior part of sartorius muscle 12缝匠肌后部posterior part of sartorius muscle 13耻骨肌pecineus muscle14右肺right lung15膈 diaphragm16贲门cardia17幽门pylorus18十二指肠duodenum19空肠jejunum20降结肠descending colon21腹股沟韧带inguinal ligament22缝匠肌sartorius muscle23左肺left lung24心heart25食管esophagus26胃底fundus of stomach27胃小弯lesser curvature of stomach28胃大弯greater curvature of stomach29回肠ileum1肝右中叶right middle lobe of liver 2肝右外叶right lateral lobe of liver 3十二指肠duodenum4大网膜greater omentum5空肠jejunum6回肠ileum7肝左外叶left lateral lobe of liver8肝左中叶left middle lobe of liver9胃stomach10脾spleen11左肾left kidney12降结肠descending colon13脂肪垫fat-pad14膀胱urinary bladder15缝匠肌前部anterior part of sartorius muscle 16缝匠肌后部posterior part of sartorius muscle 17股静脉femoral vein18股收肌adductor femoris muscle19胆囊gallbladder20横结肠transverse colon21盲肠Cecum22 膈 diaphragm23腹横肌transversus abdominis muscle1肝右中叶right middle lobe of live2胆囊gallbladder3盲肠cecum4肠系膜动、静脉mesenteric artery and vein 5股静脉femoral vein6肝左外叶left lateral lobe of liver7肝左中叶left middle lobe of liver8胃stomach9脾spleen10大网膜greater omentum11空肠jejunum12肠系膜mesentery13缝匠肌前部anteropr part of sartorius muscle 14缝匠肌后部posterior part of sartorius muscle 15耻骨肌pectineus muscle16股收肌adductor femoris muscle17回肠ileum18降结肠descending colon19腹横肌transverses abdominis muscle20睾丸testis21肾kidney22腹内斜肌internal oblique muscle of abdomen 23腹膜后脂肪垫fat-pad of postperitoneum24腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 25膀胱urinary bladder26股动脉femoral artery27精索spermatic cord28阴茎penis1肝右中叶right middle lobe of live 2 胆囊gallbladder3结肠系膜mesocolon 4降结肠descending colon膀胱 urinary bladder5直肠rectum 67股收肌adductor femoris muscle 8肝左中叶left middle lobe of liver9肝左外叶left lateral lobe of liver 10胃stomacln11胰pancreas 12脾spleen13左肾left kidney 14后腔静脉postcaval vein15腹内斜肌internal oblique muscle of abdomen 16腹横肌transversus abdominis muscle 17缝匠肌sartorius muscle 18脂肪囊fetty capsule19肝右外叶right lateral lobe of liver 20十二指肠duodenum21胃前壁anterior wall of stomach 22胃后壁posterior wall of stomach23空肠jejunum 24回肠ileum图Ⅳ-62肝与胃(1)The liver and stomach(1)图Ⅳ-63肝与胃(2)The liver and stomach (2)1肝右中叶right middle lobe of liver 2胆囊gallbladder3肝右外叶right lateral lobe of liver 4 膈 diaphragm5肝左中叶left middle lobe of liver 6胃stomach7肝左外叶left lateral lobe of liver 8小网膜lesser omentum 9十二指肠duodenum 10胰pancreas11空肠jejunum 12胃底fundus of stomach 13胃小弯lesser curvature of stomach 14胃体body of stomach 15胃大弯greater curvature of stomach 16大网膜greater omentum 17脾spleen 18左肾left kidney图Ⅳ-65肝脏面(1)The liver. Visceral surface(1)1肝右外叶right lateral lobe of liver2肝右中叶right middle lobe of liver3肝左外叶left lateral lobe of liver4肝左中叶left middle lobe of liver5肝尾状叶caudate lobe of liver6后腔静脉口aperture of postcaval vein7肝门porta hepatis8胆囊gallbladder9右外叶后部posterior part of right lateral lobe 10右外叶前部anterior part of right lateral lobe图Ⅳ-68胃壁内面The wall of stomach. Inner surface1幽门pylorus2胃小弯lesser carvature of stomach 3角切迹angular notch4食管esophagus5贲门cardiac6胃底fundus of stomach7胃大弯greater curvature of stomach 8纵行皱襞longitudinal folds9空肠动脉弓jejunal arterial arch10空肠系膜jejunal mesentery11空肠动脉jejunal artery12空肠静脉jejunal vein图Ⅳ-70空肠和回肠The jejunum and ileum图Ⅳ-71回肠和结肠后面The ileum and colon. Posterior aspect图Ⅳ-72肾和膀胱The kidney and urinary bladder图Ⅳ-73肾纵断面The longitudinal section of the kidney1回肠动脉ileal artery 2回肠静脉ileal vein3回肠系膜ileal mesentery 4结肠jejunum 5回肠ileum 6脾spleen7脂肪垫fat-pad8降结肠descending colon 9右肾上腺right adrenal gland 10右肾right kidney 11右输尿管rigth ureter12左肾上腺left adrenal gland13左肾left kidney14左输尿管left ureter 15膀胱urinary bladder 16肾乳头renal papillae 17筛区cribriform area 18肾盂renal pelvis19肾皮质renal cortex20中间带intermediate zone 21肾髓质renal medulla图Ⅳ-74泌尿、生殖器官(♂)(1) The urinary and genital organs(♂)(1)图Ⅳ-75泌尿、生殖器官(♂)(2)The urinary and genital organs(♂)(2)1后腔静脉孔foramen of postcaval vein2膈中心腱central tendon of diaphragm3右肾上腺right adrenal gland4右肾right kidney5肾静脉renel vein6后腔静脉postcaval vein7输尿管ureter8睾丸动脉testicular artery9膀胱urinary bladder10尿道urethra11股静脉femoral vein12 膈 diaphragm13腹横肌transversus abdominis muscle14膈胸肋部stemocostal part of diaphragm15左肾上腺left adrenal gland16左肾left kidney17肾孟renal pelvis18腰大肌psoas major muscle19腹膜后脂肪垫postperitoneal fat-pad20腹内斜肌internal oblique muscle of abdomen 21缝匠肌前部anterior part of sartorius muscle 22缝匠肌后部posterior part of sartorius muscle 23精索spermatic cord,24耻骨肌pectineus muscle25股收肌adductor femoris muscle26脂肪囊fatty capsule27睾丸testis28阴茎penis29腹主动脉abdominal aorta30前列腺prostate。