全国2014年10月高等教育自学考试英语国家概况试题

第三章 Shaping of the Nation（练习题⼀） 1. Under William's rule， the—— were at the bottom of the feudal system.A. baronsB. freemenC. villainsD. lawyers 2. William replaced the Witan， the council of the Anglo-Saxon king， with——A. the Grand CouncilB. the House of LordsC. the House of CorranonsD. Parliament 3. William II was known as William—— because of his red complexion.A. RufusB. the ConquerorC. the ConfessorD. the Unready 4. Henry II was the first king of the ——dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet 5. In Henry II ' s reign， a—— law was gradually established in place of the customs of the manor.A. localB. privateC. civilD. common 6. The Great Council of Henry II drew up the Constitutions of—— in 1164 to increase the jurisdiction of the civil courts.A. LabourersB. ClarendonC. OxfordD. Cambridge 7. The Great Charter was signed in and had—— clauses.A.1251， 63B.1251， 73C.1215， 63D.1215， 73 8. In 1265—— summoned the Great Council， which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. HenryB.the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort 9. The Hundred Years' war started in—— and was ended in ， in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of—— ，A .1337 ， 1453， FlandersB .1337 ， 1453， CalaisC.1346， 1453， ArgencourtD.1346， 1453， Brest 10. In 1351， the English government issued a Statute of—— ， which made it a crime for peasants to ask for more wages .A. OxfordB. ClarendonC. LabourersD. Magna Carta II Fill in the blanks 1. Under William， the—— system in England was completely established. 2. william replaced the—— ， the council of the Anglo-Saxon kings， with the—— of his new tenants-in-chief. 3. The property record in William's time is known as—— ， which was compiled in 4. ——was the first king of the House of Plantagenet. 5. In Henry II ' s day， the country was divided into—— circuits， and the—— system replaced old—— ordeals by fire and water and old trials by battle. 6. ——' s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer' s time after he was murdered. 7. In 1215， the baron's charter， known as—— or—— was approved， which contained—— clauses. 8. In the Hundred Years' war， the French heroine —— led the French to drive the English out of their country. By 1453， was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English. 9. —— was the deadly bubonic plague， which reduced England's population from four million to—— million by the end of the 14th century. 10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of—— farmers. Answers：1.C2.A3.A4.D5.D6.B7.C8.D9.B 10.C II1. feudal2. Witan， Grand Council 3 . Domesday Book， 1086 4. Henry II5. six， jury， English， Norman6. Thomas Becket 7. Mangna Carta， the Great Charter， 63 8. Joan of Arc， Calais 9. Black Death， two 10. yeomen III 1.Domesday Book It is a book compiled by a group of clerks under the sponsorship of King William the First in 1086. The book was in fact a property record. It was the result of a general survey of England. It recorded the extent， value， state of cultivation， and ownership of the land. It was one of the important measures adopted by William I to establish the full feudal system in England. Today， it is kept in the Public Records Office in London. 2.lollards：罗拉德派 they were poor priests and traveling preachers who were john wyclif's followers.they played an important role in the mental preparations for the peasant uprising of 1381.they preaching the equality of men before god. 3.Joan of arc：圣⼥贞德 she was a national heroine of France during the hundred year's war，she successfully led the france to drive the English out of France. 4.The Black Death It is a modern name given to the dearly bubonic plague， an epidemic disease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in 1348-1349. It came without warning， and without any cue. In England， it killed almost half of the total population， causing far-reaching economic consequences. 1.What was feudalism like in England under the rule of William the Conqueror？ Under the rule of William the Conqueror， the feudal system in England was completely established. According to this system， the king owned all the land personally. William gave his barons large estates in return for military services and a proportion of the land's produce. These estates were scattered all over the king. Then， the barons parceled out land to the lesser nobles， knights and freemen， also in return for goods and services. At the bottom of the feudal scale were the serfs. One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners must take the oath of allegiance not only to their immediate lord， but also to the king. 2. What were the contents and the significance of the Great charter？ Contents： no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council； no freeman should be arrested，imprisoned， or deprived of his property except by the law of the land； the Church should possess all its rights， together with freedom of elections； London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges， and there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. It was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons， a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the power of the king. 3. Why and how did the English Parliament come into being？ Henry III's many measures was brought matters between he and barons to a head. And the barons force the king to swear and accept the Provisions of Oxford. Simon de Montfort summoned in 1265 the Great Council to meet at Westminster， together with two knights from each country and two burgesses from each town， a metting which has been seen as that the earliest parliament. 4. What do you know about Wat Tyler's Uprising？ The uprising broke out in Kent and Essex in 1381 and was led by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw. Tyler led the mared villagers to occupy London. The king was forced to accept their demands. Most of the rebels dispersed and went home，while Tyler and other leader stayed on for more rights. Tyler was killed at a meeting with the king， who suppressed the Uprising brutally. Although the Uprising failed， it had great importance in English history. It directed against the rich clergy， the lawyers and the landowners. It effectively blew the serfdom， and a new class of yeomen farmers emerged，paving the way for the development of capitalism. 第三章 Shaping of the Nation（练习题⼆） 选择题 1. The Domesday Book was completed in________.A. 1085B. 1086C.1087D.1088 答案： B 2. When William died in Normandy in 1087 he left Normandy to ________，and England to______.A. William Rufus； RobertB. Robert ；HenryC. Robert； William RufusD. Henry； Robert 答案： C 3. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of______， keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land. A. the Archbishop of Canterbury B the barons C the church D the king 答案：D 4. The barons forced the king of Henry 3 and his son Prince Edward to swear to accept the _____.A . Provisions of Oxford.B Provisions of YorkC Provisions of WestminsterD provisions of Canterbury 答案： A 5 . Magna Carta was signed in _______ at a conference at ______.A. 1066； RunnymedeB. 1215； WindsorC. 1215； OxfordD. 1215； Runnymede 答案： D 6. According to Magna Carta no tax should be made without the approval of______. A. the Witan B the king C the Grand Council D the Commons 答案：C 7 In 1265 Simon summoned the Great Council to meet together with two knights from each county and two ______ from each town. A burgesses B. bishops C. clergymen D. yeomen 答案： A 8 The Hundred Year's War lasted from _______to________.A. 1337；1450B. 1337；1453C. 1330； 1453D. 1337；1455 答案： B 9 'Domesday Book' was compiled during the rule of ______.A William IB William IIC Henry IID King Stephen 答案：A 10 The Black Death swept through England in the summer of _____without warning.A 1374B 1348C 1349D 1350 答案：B 11 After the Hundred Year's War， power in England was in the hands of a number of rich and ambitious_________.A bishopsB MerchantsC noblesD royal family members 答案： C 12 The causes of the Hundred Years War were partly ______and Partly _______. A. political； military B political； economic C territorial； religious D territorial； economic 答案：D 13 The Hundred Years' War could be devided into _______outstanding stages.A twoB threeC fourD five 答案：B 14 Under William's rule， the______ were at the bottom of the feudal system. 'A. baronsB. freemenC. villeinsD. lawyers 答案：C 15 William replaced the Witan， the council of the Anglo-Saxon king， with ______A. the Grand CouncilB. the House of LordsC. the House of CorranonsD. Parliament 答案：A 16 William II was known as William ______ because of his red complexion.A. RufusB. the ConquerorC. the ConfessorD. the Unready 答案：A 17 Henry II was the first king of the ______dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet 答案：D 18 In Henry II ' s reign， a _______ law was gradually established in place of the customs of the manor.A. localB. privateC. civilD. common 答案：D 19 The Great Council of Henry II drew up the Constitutions of ____in 1164 to increase the jurisdiction of the civil courts.A. LabourersB. ClarendonC. OxfordD. Cambridge 答案：B 20 The Great Charter was signed in ______ and had______ clauses.A.1251， 63B.1251， 73C.1215， 63D.1215， 73 答案：C 21 In 1265 _____summoned the Great Council， which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. HenryB.the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort 答案：D 22 The Hundred Years' war started in_____ and was ended in______， in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of _____，A .1337 ， 1453， FlandersB .1337 ， 1453， Calais C.1346， 1453， Argencourt D.1346， 1453， Brest 答案：B。

2023年自考专业(英语)《英语国家概况》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The functions of institutions of higher education in the U.S. are________.A.research and teachingB.teaching and degree awardingC.professional training, teaching and public serviceD.teaching, research and public service2.【单选题】In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of ________.A.the Lord ChancellorB.the Prime MinisterC.the SpeakerD.the Parliamentary Commissioner3.【单选题】The origin of the American party system can be traced to ________.A.the struggle between the Royalists and revolutionaries in the War of IndependenceB.the constitutional debate between the Federalists and the anti--FederalistsC.the struggle between those who upheld slavery and those who opposed slaveryD.none of the above4.【单选题】The theme of Thanksgiving has always been ________.A.friendship and happinessB.peace and plentyC.cooperation and rich rewardD.love and happiness5.【单选题】Thanks to the militant feminist movement of the suffragettes before the First World War, votes were granted to women over the age of ________ in 1918.A.18B.20C.30D.356.【单选题】Why were the French troops in Canada defeated by the British during the Seven Years' War?A.Because they were not used to the weather in Cananda.B.Because they did not get support from the local people.C.Because they did not receive the supplies they needed so badly.D.Because the British had larger and better settlements in Canada.7.【单选题】Australian Aborigines believed in a creative period, usually referred to in English as ________.A.teh DreamlandB.the DreamingC.the Beginning of the WorldD.the Beginning of the Universe8.【单选题】Agricltural changes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in England were so great that they were worthy of the term “ ________ ”.A.reformB.evolutionC.revolutionD.reformation9.【单选题】What is Ireland called in Irish?A.IreaB.AireC.EareD.Eire10.【单选题】Which of the following is not true about the political system of New Zealand?A.New Zealand has a written constitution.B.New Zealand has a parliamentary government and a constitutional monarchy.C.New Zealand follows the British parliamentary system with some variations.D.New Zealand Parliament has only one chamber.11.【单选题】Australia, which is one of the world's developed countries, has become rich through ________.A.manufacturing industriesB.farming and miningC.service industriesD.forestry and fishing12.【单选题】During the Second World War, Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met at ________.A.Teheran, Yalta and PotsdamB.Teheran and YaltaC.Yalta, Potsdam and BerlinD.Teheran and Potsdam13.【单选题】The largest and smallest states of the United States are ________.A.Alaska and Rhode IslandB.Texas and MaineC.Texas and Rhode IslandD.Alaska and Maine14.【单选题】As far as Australian culture is concerned, the history of Australia can be divided into the following phases with the exception of ________.A.the period of the original culture of Aboriginal peopleB.the period of the dominant British cultureC.teh period of Asian cultureD.the period of a multicultural society15.【单选题】Which of the following is not true about Canada's manufacturing today?A.Manufacturing is the most important economic activity in Canada.B.Transportation equipment ranks as the nation's leading manufactured product.C.Food processing is still important but it is no longer Canada's chief man ufacturing industryD.The production of paper and paper related products is no longer important in Canada's manufacturing.16.【单选题】The three Puritan traditions are ________.A.religious tolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learningB.religious dissent aggressiveness and respect for learningC.religious intolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learningD.religious intolerance, aggressiveness, respect for achievement17.【单选题】The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for all men, and it took its name from “ ________ ”.A.The Bill of RightsB.The Agreement of the PeopleC.The People's CharterD.The Great Charter18.【单选题】In the 1960s pop music underwent a revolution when ________ became world famous and turned their home town of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage.A.teh Beach BoysB.the Rolling StoneC.the AnimalsD.the Beatles19.【单选题】The New Frontier and War on Poverty were put forward respectively by ________.A.Eisenhower and KennedyB.Johnson and NixonC.Johnson and KennedyD.Kennedy and Johnson20.【单选题】The Tories were the forerunners of ________, which still bears this nickname todayA.the Labour PartyB.the Conservative PartyC.the Liberal PartyD.the Social Democratic Party第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】The average life expectancy of the Red Indians is ________.A.higher than the national averageB.lower than the national averageC.about the same with the national averageD.none of the above2.【单选题】In 1900, the United States ranked first in the world in the production of ________.A.coalB.electricityC.oilD.wheat3.【单选题】In Canada the federal governments have always been formed by________.A.the Liberal PartyB.the Progressive Conservative PartyC.either the Liberal Party or the Progressive Conservative PartyD.both the Liberal Party and the Progressive Conservation Party4.【单选题】Australia is located between ________ and the Indian Ocean.A.the South Pacific OceanB.the Atlantic OceanC.the North SeaD.the Arctic5.【单选题】A trend that occurs at the same time with the movement to the South and the Weast of the United States is ________.A.the flow of people to sunbelt areaB.the flow of peole from small cities to big citiesC.the growth of small townsD.the outflow of city residents from the core cities to the suburbs6.【单选题】Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with ________.A.the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinkingB.the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingC.the South-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingD.the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking7.【单选题】In “ Song of Myself ” , Whitman writes that ________.A.woman is not worth mentioningB.woman is not as great as manC.woman as the mother of human beings is the greatestD.none of the above8.【单选题】The Mississippi, which is sometimes called ________, has played a vital role in the history of the United States.A.“ Old Man River ”B. “ Moon River ”C.“ Old Father River ”D.“ Mother of the United States ”9.【单选题】During the 1990s many Australians called for their nation to become a republic with ________.A.a president replacing the British monarch as head of stateB.a prime minister replacing the governor--general as head of governmentC.a governor-general replacing the British monarch as head of stateD.a president replacing the governor- general as head of government10.【单选题】In the 1970s oil was discovered in ________, but the revenue from oil did not create an economic for Britain.A.the English ChannelB.the Irish SeaC.St. George's ChannelD.the North Sea11.【单选题】In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ________ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.rgestB.second largestC.third largestD.fourth largest12.【单选题】Since 1971 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of ________, recognizing that cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity.A.assimilationB.integrationC.multiculturalismD.gender equality13.【单选题】What are Ireland's chief exports?A.Foodstuffs(especially beef), electrical machinery, and chemicals.B.Wool, dairy products and fruit.C.Motor vehicles, electrical machinery and petroleum.D.Coal, mining equipment and textiles.14.【单选题】The Mabo Judgement passed by Australia's High Court in June 1992 overturned the concept of terra nullius, which means ________.A.“ land belonging to no one ”B.“ land unknown to everyone ”C. “ Wonderland ”D. “ Dreamtime ”15.【单选题】A fault line runs the length of New Zealand, which means that it often has________.A.floodsB.volcanic eruptionsC.earthquakesD.droughts16.【单选题】For electoral purposes Britain is divided into 659 constituencies, each of whichreturns ________to the House of Commons.A.one memberB.two membersC.three membersD.four members17.【单选题】Which often following statements is not true about British coal mining?A.Brition has used up almost all coal depositsB.The demand for British coal has declined.C.Petroleum, water power, and electric power replacing coal for many purposes.D.The old British mines are narrow and deep, making it difficult to use machines第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：D2.正确答案：B3.正确答案：B4.正确答案：B5.正确答案：C6.正确答案：C7.正确答案：B8.正确答案：C9.正确答案：D10.正确答案：C11.正确答案：B12.正确答案：B13.正确答案：A14.正确答案：C15.正确答案：D16.正确答案：C17.正确答案：C18.正确答案：D19.正确答案：D20.正确答案：B第2卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：B2.正确答案：A3.正确答案：C4.正确答案：A5.正确答案：D6.正确答案：A7.正确答案：C8.正确答案：A9.正确答案：A10.正确答案：D11.正确答案：B12.正确答案：C13.正确答案：A14.正确答案：A15.正确答案：C16.正确答案：A17.正确答案：A。

英语国家概况自考真题近10年全国2010年7月自学考试英语国家概况真题课程代码：00522请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上，全部题目用英文作答I．MultipIe Choice Questions．(50 points，1 point for each)Directions：In this part of the test,there are 50 unfinished statements or questions．For eachof the unfinished statements or questions，four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D are given．Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question．Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet．1.Christianity was first brought to England by______.A.the RomansB.the CeltsC.the Anglo-SaxonsD.the Danes2.The names such as Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday and Friday came from______.A.ChristianityB.Teutonic religionC.DruidismD.Catho1icism3.At about 700 BC，______began to arrive in England from eastern and central Europe，now France，Belgium and southern Germany.A.the CeltsB.the Beaker FolkC.the RomansD.the Anglo-Saxons4.______made a treaty with the Danes allowing them to keep the northern and eastern parts of England，which later became known as the Danelaw.A.King EthelredB.King AlfredC.King EdwardD.King Harold5.Many hundreds of rebels were put to death by______ as he passed triumphantly with an army of 40，000 men through Kent and Essex.A.King Henry IIB.King RichardC.King JohnD.King Edward III6.For electoral purposes Britain is divided into ______ constituencies，each of which has ______ representative(s)in Parliament.A.651，oneB.561，twoC.651，twoD.561，one7.The Wars of the Roses broke out shortly after ______.A.the Black DeathB.the Watt Tyler’s UprisingC.the Hundred Years’WarD.the Glorious Revolution8.It was during the reign of______that the name Great Britain came into being in 1707.A.E1izabeth IB.Henry VIIIC.Charles ID.Anne9.Real religious Change came in Edward VI’s time.People call his switch to______ theology“the Reformation”.A.PuritanB.ProtestantC.CatholicD.Christian10.The English Civil War has been seen as a conflict between________.A.the Commons and the LordsB.the King and the BaronsC.the Parliament and the KingD.the Crown and the Church11.After William and Mary were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey on their acceptance of the Bill of Rights，the age of_______ began.A.monarchyB.constitutional monarchyC.capitalismD.federal government12.As a result of the First World War settlement，the ______was established.A.League of NationsB.British CommonwealthC.British East India CompanyD.United Nations13.In Britain，the election of ________returned the________ to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain.A.1979，Conservative PartyB.1983，Labor PartyC.1979，Liberal DemocratsD.1983，Democratic Party14.The House of Commons is headed by________.A.the Prime MinisterB.the SpeakerC.the Lord ChancellorD.the Monarch15.The Witan,the basis of the Privy Council was created by________.A.the CeltsB.the Anglo-SaxonsC.the NormansD.the Romans16.Which of the following is NOT one of the members of the Lords Temporal in the House of Lords?A.All hereditary peers and peeresses of England,Scotland,Great Britain and the United Kingdom.B.Life peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties.C.Senior bishops of the Church of England.D.All other life peers.17.Margaret Thatcher believed in the following EXCEPT________.A.self-relianceB.the strengthening of trade unionsC.privatizationD.the use of monetary policies to control inflation18.Established Churches in Britain are________.A.the Church of England and the Church of WalesB.the Church of Wales and the Church of ScotlandC.the Anglican ChurchesD.the Church of England and the Church of Scotland19.________appeal to people wanting news of more entertaining character in Britain.A.Popular newspapersB.Quality newspapersC.“Mid-market”newspapersD.Da ily newspapers20.________is the most popular sport in England and in Europe.A.RugbyB.TennisC.SnookerD.Football21.The Open University is a non-residential university based in the new town of________.ton KeynesB.GlasgowC.EdinburghD.Cambridge22.From 1980 to 1989,the population between the age of 25 and 44 increased by 28.1%in America because_____.A.those who were born during the period of large inflow of immigrants reached this age bracketB.those who were born after the World War II reached this age bracketC.those who were born during the World War I reached this age bracketD.those who were born before the World War II reached this age bracket23.On April 6,1789,George Washington was elected the President of America and took the oath of office in_____.A.Washington D.C.B.PhiladelphiaC.BostonD.New York24.After_____,the United States saw great developments in industry,agriculture,science and technology,and population.A.the Civil WarB.the War of IndependenceC.the Vietnam WarD.the Second World War25._____is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.A.The Articles of ConfederationB.The American ConstitutionC.The DeclarationD.The Bill of Rights26.Faced with the serious economic crisis,the _____ administration refused to take strong government action to soften the effects of the Great Depression.A.HooverB.RooseveltC.WilsonD.Truman27.As a result of_____,the United States had changed from a debtor nation to a creditor.A.the First World WarB.the Second World WarC.the War of IndependenceD.the Civil War28.The Progressive Movement refers to a number of diverse efforts at_____ reforms.A.political,social,and economicB.political,educational,and socialC.political,religious,and socialcational,religious,and economic29.Which of the following did NOT account for President Theodore Roosevelt’s contributions?A.The adoption of the Hepburn Act of 1906.B.The active use of the Sherman Antitrust Act.C.The withdrawal of 200 million acres of public land as forest reserve.D.The passage of the Federal Reserve Act.30.On June 5,1947,_____suggested that the U.S.should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A.George MarshallB.Franklin D.RooseveltC.George KennanD.Harry Truman31.President Truman on March 21,1947 issued an executive order,initiating a comprehensive investigation of the loyalty of all federal employees.This was the beginning of _____.A.McCarthyismB.cleating out Soviet spiesC.widespread persecution of Communists and progressive peopleD.persecution of federal employees32.The slave system was formally ended by________in 1863 and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.A.the Bill of RightsB.the first ten AmendmentsC.Lincoln’s Emancipation ProclamationD.the Articles of Confederation33.After the_______,the United States replaced France and became the main force in providing aid for the South Vietnam government.A.Paris ConferenceB.Geneva ConferenceC.Yalta ConferenceD.Teheran Conference34.Which of the following is NOT associated with Halloween?A.“Trick or treat”.B.“Spring Break”.C.A night-time children’s holiday.D.Pumpkin lanterns.35.In _______masterpieces,Leaves of Grass,he praised the ideas of equality and democracy and celebrated the dignity,the self-reliant spirit and the joy of the common man.A.T.S.Eliot’sB.Walt Whitman’sC.Theodore Dreiser’sD.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s36.The American economy is characterized by a high degree of _______.A.free-market economy with a dominant public sectorB.planned economyC.monopolyernment involvement of economy37.The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world.It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in_______.A.1788B.1789C.1790D.179138.Which is NOT the power of the President of the United States?A.He shares certain lawmaking powers with Congress.B.He is the Commander-in-chief of the armed forces.C.He can determine whether legislation conforms to the Constitution.D.He can give reprieves and pardons in federal criminal cases.39.Under _______to the United States Constitution,_______ takes the responsibility for education.A.the Tenth Amendment,the federal governmentB.the Thirteenth Amendment,the stateC.the Tenth Amendment,the stateD.the Thirteenth Amendment,the federal government40._______ embodies Thomas Jefferson’s belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.A.The community collegeB.The vocational collegeC.The junior collegeD.The public college41.In the year 1845,_______marked the end of one era and the beginning of another in the social history of Ireland.A.the Great FamineB.EnclosureC.the Black DeathD.the English Renaissance42.Ireland is unique among European countries for_______.A.its small populationB.its beautiful sceneryC.its excessive rainfallD.its century-long population decline43.Under the Anglo-Irish Treaty,Britain established _______with dominion status in Ireland in 1921.A.the Anglican Church of IrelandB.the Irish Free StateC.the Irish Republican ArmyD.Fianna Fail44.New Zealand is just_______ of the International Date Line,so it is the first country to get the new day.A.southB.westC.eastD.north45.In the years that followed the Land Wars the basic philosophy of race relations became _______,rather than Maori self-determination.A.assimilationB.alienationC.disassimilationD.subjugation46.Who was the first European to discover Canada?A.John Cabot.B.Abel Tasman.C.Samuel de Champlain.D.James Cook.47.In 1931 by_______Canada was formally declared to be a sovereign nation and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.A.the Act of UnionB.the Statute of WestminsterC.the British North American ActD.the Constitution Act48.Since 1945 the Canadian government has adopted a policyof_______.A.free immigrationB.selected immigrationC.restricted immigrationD.encouraging immigration49.In Australia,_______is better known as the Great Dividing Range.A.the Eastern HighlandsB.the Great Western PlateauC.the Central Eastern LowlandsD.the Red Centre50.In Australia,the hot,dry environment has a great influence on the following EXCEPT_______.A.population distributionB.plantsC.animalsD.the built environmentII.Answer the Questions.(30 points,3 points for each)Directions:Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.Write youranswers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.51.Who is directly responsible for the NHS in Britain?52.What is the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England?53.What is the significance of the expulsion of the English from France?54.What is the“winner-take-all”system?55.What mechanism did the writers of the American Constitution introduce to provide safeguards?56.Why were American children awarded the 1965 Nobel Peace Prize?57.How many geographical regions are there in Canada?What are they?58.What does the Outback usually refer to?59.What are many Maori people determined to do with Maoritanga?60.Why is Ireland also called the Emerald Isle?III.Term Explanation.(20 points,5 points for each)Directions:Explain each of the following terms in English.Write your answers in thecorresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.61.the Black Death62.the Great Charter(1215)63.the Great Depression64.Boston Tea Party。

绝密★考试结束前2023年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语国家概况试卷(课程代码 00522)本试卷共8页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。

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第一部分选择题ⅠMULTIPLE CHOICERead the following unfinished statement or questions carefully.For each unfinished statement or question,four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D are given.Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question.Blacken the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.(50 points,1 point each)1.The Vikings,who came from ,atacked carious parts of England from the end of the 8th century.A.NorwayB.FranceC.GermanyD.Denmark2.The Celts began to arrive at Britain around and kept coming until the arrical of the Romans.A.600BCB.600ADC.700BCD.700AD3.Among the Bristish kings, was known as “the confessor”because of his religious piety.A.Henry ⅡB.King AlfredC.King HaroldD.King Edward4.The Domesday Book states all the following EXCEPT .A.the history of the landB.the ownership of the landC.the value of the landD.the extent of the land5.The spirit of Magna Carta was .A.the increasing of the powers of serfsB.the limitation of the powers of the kingC.the increasing of the powers of the Church.D.the limitation of the powers of the Church.6.The causes of the Hundred Years’s War was partly and partly economic.A.racialB.politicalC.religiousD.territorial7.In British history,the First Civil War broke out in .A.1640B.1642C.1645D.16498.The main causes for Henry Ⅷ’s religious reform of the Church were the following EXCEPT .A.pressure from the popeB.Henry’s need for moneyC.accumulated desire for change and reform in the ChurchD.public resentment for the pricvilege and wealth of the clergy9. was the only monarch that was condemned to death and executed in British history.A.Charles ⅠB.CharlesⅡC.JamesⅠD.JamesⅡ10.A good result of the argricultural enclosure was that .A.renants were ecicred from their lands.B.riots erupted in many areas where the peasant farmers wentC.a new class hostility was introduced into tural relationshiosD.farms became bigger and bigger units as the great bought up the small11.The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the .te 16th century and early 17th centuryte 17th century and early 18th centuryte 18th century and early 19th centuryte 19th century and early 20th century12.Which of the following is TRUE about Britain in World War Ⅱ?A.It lost all her natonal wealth .B.It was left gravely impoverished.C.It devoted half of her strength to the war.D.It entered a period of economic and financial boom.13. ,who found that his policy of appeasement of German aggression was no longer tenable ,was forced to declare war on Germany on Setember 3,1939.A.ChurchillB.GeorgeⅥC.ChamberlainD.ElizabethⅡ14.In January 1973,Britain finally because a full member of the .monwealthB.European Economic CommunityC.North Atlantic Treaty Organizationanization of Petroleum Exportiong Countries15.The interval between General Elections in the U.K.is years.A.2B.4C.5D.816.The two major parties in Britain since 1945 are .A.the Whig Party and the Tory PartyB.the Labor Party and the Liberal Party.C.the Labor Party and the Conservative Party.D.the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party17.In the U.K.,government ministers are responsible collectively to for all Cabinet decisions.A.the QueenB.the ParliamentC.the Privy CouncilD.the Prime Minister18.In Britain, is the largest of the Free Churches ,originated in the 18th century following the evangelical revival under John Wesley(1703-1791).A.the Methodist ChurchB.the Baptist ChurchD.the Church of England D.the Church of Scotland19.Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Open University?A.It is a non-residential university.B.It is open to all to become students.C.It admits students only from Britain.D.It offers degree and other courses for adult students of all ages.20. ,the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe,has its traditional home in England.A.GolfB.FootballC.CricketD.basketball21. In the late 15th century, supported by the Spanish Queen,Christopher Columbus, ,discovered the New World.A.an Italian navigatorB.a Danish navigatorC.an English navigatorD.a Portuguese navigator22. One of the features of the early colonists which play a role in the formation of American character is .A.religious intoleranceB.respect of individual rightsC.strong form of governmentD.discouragement of individual enterprise23. In September 1783, was signed and Britain recognized the independence of the United States.A.the Articles of ConfederationB.the Bill of RightsC.the Declaration of independenceD.the Treaty of Paris24.The Articles of confedration was very important in all the following Except that .A.it provided for no king.B.it declared independence from Great Britain.C.it was a written constitution for the United States.D.it created a central government in the form of a Congress.25.The American Civil War broke out mainly because .A.Abbraham Lincoln was elected presidentB.Harrier Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin was publishedC.the southern states controlled land ,raw materials and labor tha the North neededD.the southern states broke away from the Union and formed the Confederate State of America26. On August 4,1914,American President issued an official statement proclaiming American neutrality in the First World War.A.Harry TrumanB.Theodore RooseveltC.Woodrow WilsonD.Franklin D.Roosevelt27.In the U.S.,the first blow to the stock market came on October 24,1929,which was called .A.the black MondayB.the black FridayC.the black ThursdayD.the black Tuesday28. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to .A.abolish social security systemsB.reduce government regulation and controlC.discograge industries from deceloping too fastD.“save American democracy”as the himself put it29.The American containment policy towards the Soviet Union ,made by President Truman in 1949,lasted until .A.1975B.1989C.1991D.199830. was the result of struggle between the great powers for control of the world and military expansion of the countries of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and militarist Japan.A.The Cold WarB.The Korean WarC.The First World WarD.The Second World War31. was NOT a comerstone of the postwar American Economic boom.A.Increasing investment in agricultureB.An ever-increasing military spendingC.Automobile manufacturing for the growing new communitiesD.A construction boom to provide houses and schools for all children32. In Feberuary 1972, President visited China and met Chairman Mao and the two coutntries issued the Shanghai Communique.A.NixonB.CarterC.FordD.Reagan33.In the postwar years the United States continued to emphasize governmentinvolvement and adopted the in running the economy.A.Keynesian theoryB.Marxist theoryC.Truman DoctrineD.Monetarist policies34.Apart from the stagnation,the American economy is now facing another problemof .A.foreign debts and trade deficitB.foreign debts and trade surplusC.overproduction and trade deficitD.overproduction and trade surplus35.The three giants in auto industry in the U.S.are .A.General Motors,Fotors,Ford,ChryslerB.General Motors,Toyota,ChrslerC.General Motors,Nissan,ChryslerD.General Motors,Volkswagen,Chrysler36. According to the provisions for constitutional amendment,the Congress may initiatean amendment by a vote in each house.A.halfB.one-thirdC.two-thirdsD.three-fourths37.In order to be successful,a candidate for the U.S.Presidency must receive at least ecectoral votes.A.200B.270C.435D.53838.The ambassadors,ministers and consuls appointed by the U.S.Prident must beconfirmed by the .A.SenateB.HouseC.Supreme CourtD.State Department39.Which statement about the American political parties in NOT true?A.In general,America has a two-party system.B.The Constitution makes no provisions for political parties.C.Political parties are the basis of the American political system.D.The Democrats and the Republicans dominate politics only at the federal level.40. were those American writers who reported truthfully and objectively the lifein the slums in the last decades of the 19th century and first decade of the 20th century.A.RealistsB.NatralistsC.transcendentalistsD.Modemists41.The Prairie Provinces which lie west of Ontario are ideal for and are thinly settled.A.fishingB.miningC.tourismD.growing wheat42. After the Seven Years’War from 1756 to 1763,the French were forced to give up Of Canada to Britain.A.partsB.the eastC.the wholeD.the northwest43.By the Statute of Westminster in 1931,Canada .A.took Newfoundland as its tenth provinceB.became a member of the Commonwealth of NationsC.found rich oil dields in Alberta and other western procincesD.opened the wrence Seaway for further growth in economy44.In 1921the British signed the Anglo-Irish Treaty to .A.start a civil warB.keep Ireland out of World WarⅡC.found the Irish Republican ArmyD.establish an Irish Free State in Northern Ireland45.Henry Ⅷ was the first king to bring all under English control.A.WalesB.EuropeC.IrelandD.Scotland46.Most of Australia lies between 20℃ and 35℃ which is a area in the world.A.hot and wetB.hot and dryC.dry and windyD.dry and sunny47.In Australia,traffic drives on the of the road.A.single lineB.middleC.right sideD.left side48.In Australia,as people with different traditions and customs interact with each other,a peculiar blend of different will be emerging.A.politicsB.societiesC.culturesD.philosophies49.The Lake of Taupo was formed by a(n) .A.big tsunamiB.horrible floodC.terrible earthquakeD.enormous volcanic eruption50.Since ,earthquakes in New Zealand do not usually cause many deaths.A.the land is hillyB.there are many mountain lakesC.many areas of the country are not heavily populatedD.the central plateau in North Island is dominated by 3 volcanic mountains第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSGive a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. (30 Points,3 points each)51.What was one of the most far-reaching consequences of the Second World War to Britain?52.Who is the current heir to the British throne according to law and convention?53.What kind of service does the National Health Service(NHS)provide in the U.K.?54.What does Oxbridge stand for?55.What is the major difference between the Puritans and the Pilgrims in American colonial times?56.What important proclamation did Predident Lincoln issue to make the Civil War a just one ?57.What is the basic instrument of American government and the supreme law of the land?58.What is America’s most important patriotic holiday?59.What is the name of the radio educational system through which children learn their lessons in Australia?60.Politically how many states and territories does Anstralia have?Ⅲ.TERM EXPLANATIONExplain each of the following terms in English.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words.(20 points,5 points each)61.Black Death62.Civil List63.The U.S.Presidency64.The Cuban Missile Crisis。

英语国家概况自考试卷绝密★考试结束前全国2015年4月高等教育自学考试英语国家概况试题课程代码：00522请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

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I．MULTIPLE CHOICERead the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B,C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question, Blacken the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points,1 point for each)1. There are three dicisions on the island of Great Britain:Englan,Scotland and Wales.2. , among the British monarchs,was regarded as “the father of the British navy.”ⅡⅧthe Great the Conqueror3. The Celtic tribes are NOT ancestors of the .Scots4. The Romans remained in control of Britain for about years.5. One particular feafure of the feudal system of England was that all landowners took oath of allegiance for the land they held .their immediate lord,but not to the kingthe king, but not to their immediate lordto their immediate lord nor to the kingonly to their immediate lord but also to the kingMagna Carta had altogether 63 clauses,of which the most important ones were the following EXCEPT that .tax should be made without the approval of the Grand CouncilChurch should possess all its righs together with freedom of electionsand other towns should give up their ancient rights and privilegesfreeman should be arrested,imprisoned,or deprived of his property except by the law of the landname of the Hundred Years’War(1337-1453) is given to the intermittent war between . and England and Englanand England and England8. The Peasant Uprising of 1381 in Britain .brutally suppresseda great success in English historythe development of capitalismlittle significance in English history9. treated 5 questions-her religion,her marriage,her foreign policy,her succession to the throne,and her finance-as personal and private.ⅠⅡStuart Tudor10. The lasted intermittently for 30 years.War World WarC. Wars of the Roes World War11. was responsible for the English Reformation in British history.ⅠⅧthe Great the Conqueror12. The most famous literary work written by John Miton in the late 17th century was . lost Caesar’s progressBill of Rights (1689)was finally accepted by thus marking the beginning of the age constitutional monarchy.ⅠⅡⅡand Marychanges in the late 18th century Britain were caused by the following Except.enclosure ActsBakewell’s selective breedingfarms cultivated on the “open-field”agricultural machinery invented by Jethro Tull15. The two events which most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closing decades of the 18th century were .Enlightenment and Frence RevolutionIndustrial Revotution and French RevolutionAmerican War of Independence and French RevolutionHundred Years’ War a nd the American War of Independencethe First World War,the Allies included .,Italy and Turkey,France and Russiaand Austria-Hungary,Germany and Austriap-Hungarythe oldest British institution ,the has lasted for more than 1000 years.Concil’s Metropol itan Police Force is directly under the control of .Chancellor of JusticeHome Secretary Attorney General19. A who practices with 7000 patients or more in England may apply for fundholding status.practitionerto the textbook,the British public reads more than virtually any other country in the world.essays21. According to the textbook,the five most populous cities in the United States are . York,Los Angeles,Chicago,Miami and DetroitYork, Chicago,Los Angeles,Pittsburgh and PhiladelphiaYork,Los Angeles,Chicago,New Orleans and PhiladelphiaYork,Los Angeles,Chicago,San Francisco and Philadelphia22. lived on the land by hunting,gathering,fishing and farming even before the discovery of the New World.Puritans IndiansPilgrims black slavesresult of the War with Mexico was that .was added to the UnionUnited States paid 10 million dollars to Mexicoagreed to give Louisiana to the United StatesD. Mexico was forced to agree to give Califormia and NewMexico to the United States American Civil War ended in and cost American 618,000 lives.25. was NOT among the contents of President Roosevelt’s New Deal.of federal labor lawssocial security systemsthe recovery of industry and agriculturegovernment regulation and control of banking, credit and currency systemsleaders of the United States,the Soviet Union and met three times during the Second World War.an executive order in 1947 started the violation of the Bill of Rights and widespread persecution of Communists and progressive people.Truman McCarthyMarshall Kennangreat impacts of the Vietnam War on American society included the following EXCEPT that .was great unity within the ruling circleimage of the United States was discreditedUnited States was weakened because of the long warwere divided in their attitudes towards American society29. was the beginning of American involvement in Vietnam.surrender in 1945outbreak of the Korean WarFrench invasion of Indochina’s decision to send military aid to Vietnam to support the French30. Which statement about the is NOT true?is both an economic and technological giant.by far the biggest industrial country in the world.is first in such advanced fields as computers, space,nuclear energy and electronics.produces a major portion of the world’s industri al products and its share is growing rapidly. 31. In the . produce about 85% of the total output of goods and services.enterisesenterprisesin independent professional practiceprivately owned and operated businessesinvolvement in the economy increased dramatically during the .Depression of prosperityWorld War Movementstatement about the is NOT true?Constitution is the supreme law of the land.American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world.Constitution was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in the same year.Constitution has provided the basis for its political stability,economic growth and social progress. order to make sure than the new government would not misuse its powers,the writers of the Constitution set up a system of in the form of separation of powers.supervisonand balances supervision,the number of presidential electors in the . is the number of Senators and Representatives each state has in Congress.to thanthan % more thanis a certain degree of similarity in the . elementary school curriculun,which mainly consists of mastery of the “basics”,such as .,writing and arithmetic ,visual arts and grammar,history and music ,writing and musicthe early 1900s,the kind of two-year colleges that emerged to meet the immediate need of the economic expansion and rapid in immigrants of the times was the .arts college collegeuniversity university38. is a historical,national and religious holiday that began with the Pilgrims.day DayYea r’s Day ’s Day39. is regarded as Mark Twain’s master work.Gilded Ageon the MississippiAdventures of Tom SawyerAdventures of Huckleberry Finn40. was the spokesman for the “Lost Generation’.Hemingway Dreiser Wrightbecame a major port in Canada because it is .to Ottawato the city of Quebecthe province of Quebecan island in the River42. According to the textbook,Canada is a country with a population of 26,300,000. large largesmall small43. In 1885,the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed and the country was linked .north to south coast to coastthe United States South Americais official language(s) in Ireland.1948,Ireland voted itself the commonweath and on April 18,1949 declared itself a republic.ofpart of member of’s Eastern Highlands are better known as .Dividing Range Great BarrierGreat Dividing Range Great Barrier Range47. In 1996,Australia’s population is about 18 million or about people to the square kilometer.B. threerecent years Australian governments have encouraged people with different ethnic backgrounds to and this policy is called multiculturalism.their culturestheir own culturesfrom other culturesup their own culturesare all over Newzealand.Day is New Zealand’s .Day DayYear’s Day Day非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

自考英语国家概况模考试题一、单选题1． In the early 1850s, with the westward movement,the slavery issue became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because___.A． whether the future states formed as a result of the westward movement should be free or slave world affect the balance of power in the SenateB． the south insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all new territories C． the north refused to let slavery spread into new territoriesD． the north wanted to put and end to slavery2． Higher education in the United States consists of___types of institutions.A． fourB． fiveC． sixD． seven3． It was___who first brought up the idea of containment.A． George MarshallB． Harry TrumanC． George KennanD． Franklin4． The "Lost Generation" refers to those who___.A． have no ambition in lifeB． are physically and spiritually impotentC． are homelessD． are expatriates5． Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of___.A． EasterB． ChristmasC． ValentineD．New Year’s Day6． Washington I rving’s most famous book The Sketch Book contains___.A． The Legend of Sleepy HollowB． Rip Van WinkleC． A History of New YorkD． Both A and B7． In the early 19th century, New York City was___.A． the capital of the United StatesB． the center of Harlem RenaissanceC． the center of knickerbockersD． None of the above8． The original inhabitants of New Zealand are called___.A． EskimosB． AboriginesC． IndiansD． Maoris9． ___is the Maori name for New Zealand，meaning" land of the long，white cloud"．A． KiwiB． WaitangiC． MaoritangaD． Aotearoa10． In the 18th century, there appeared___in England, which owed a great deal to the invertion of machines.A． the Industrial RevolutionB． the Bourgeois ReformationC． the Wars of the RosesD． the Religious Reformation11． Northern Ireland，which takes up the northern fifth of Ireland，is a fourth political division of___.A． the United KingdomB． BritainC． the British IslesD． A or B12． Ireland is one of the most___countries of Europe.A． PuritanB． CatholicC． ChristianD． Protestant13． Which statement is NOT true about Ireland ?A． Ireland is divided into two political unitsB． Northern Ireland is part of the United KingdomC． The Republic of Ireland is an independent countryD． Ireland is called the Emerald Isle because of its rich deposit of emeralds 14． Why has Australia always been a continent with few people?A． Because Australia is too far away from EuropeB． Because Australia is the least mountainous and most level of the world's continents C． Because Australia is separated from the rest of the world by seasD． Because most of the continent is hot and dry15．In Australia___has the country’s richest farmland and best grazing land.A． the Great Western PlateauB． the Eastern HighlandsC． the Central Eastern LowlandsD． the Outback16． The Australian Constitution can only be changed by___.A． the Prime MinisterB． the Governor-GeneralC． the ParliamentD． referendum17． Which of the following is true？A．Canada is the world’s third largest country after Russia an d ChinaB． Canada has a land area of about 10 million square KilometersC． Montreal is the largest city in CanadaD． Canada lies to the south of the United States18． It was___who established the settlement in Canada in 1608．A． Samuel de ChamplainB． John CabotC． Jacques CartierD． Henry Hudson19． Who founded the first permanent settlements at Quebec and Montreal on the St. Lawrence River?A． John CabotB． Jacques CartierC． Samuel de ChamplainD． Henry Hudson20． What was the main cause of the Second World War?A． The main cause was big power struggle for control of the worldB． It was the world-wide economic crisisC． It was the military expansion of Japan, and GermanyD． Both B and C21． The following are the factors that have contributed to the development of the U. S. economy except___.A． the vast space and resources of the landB． the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC． English as its national languageD． hard work by the people22． The chief reason for early settlers to come to the New Continent was___.A． to seek better opportunityB． to escape religious persecutionC． to satisfy the urge for adventureD． A and B23． The legal holiday observed annually in the U. S. on the fourth Thursday of November is___.A． Independence DayB． Thanksgiving DayC．Washington’s BirthdayD． Halloween24．Which of the following may NOT be President Wilson’s achievements in his program of New Freedom ?A． Making loans available to farmers at low ratesB． Adopting an income taxC． Regulating trusts by stating clearly the unfair business practicesD． Regulating railroad prices and their rebates25． When___,this was the beginning of American involvement in Vietnam.A． the United States decided to provide France with military aid in their fight in Vietnam B． the United States started to provide aid for the South Vietnamese government after the Geneva Conference in 1954C． the United States sent more and more military advisers to South VietnamD． the United States began to Americanize the war in Vietnam26．In the 1900s with the development of industry and the extension of railroad network, there was a___in the United States.A． fast growth of populationB． rapid growth of military powerC． fast growth of labor unionsD． rapid growth of cities27． Traditionally，the mainstream Americans were called___.A． WASPsB． ChicanosC． New EnglandersD． Hispanics28． One of the important decisions at the Yalta Conference was___.A． the allied landing at NormandyB． the setting-up of a world organization,the United Nations,to manage peace and security after the warC． co-ordinated efforts in war against JapanD． None of the above29． New Freedom was the program of___.A． Henry TrumanB． Theodore RooseveltC． Woodrow WilsonD． Franklin Roosevelt30． The symbols that are associated with Valentine’s Day are the following except___. A． cards decorated with heartsB． Cupid armed with bow and arrowC． flowers tied with red ribbonsD． roast turkey31． According to the American Constitution,the United States has___.A． a federal system of governmentB． a unitary system of governmentC． a constitutional monarchD． three layers of rule32． In his inaugural speech___said that "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself." A． Woodrow WilsonB． Theodore RooseveltC． Franklin RooseveltD． George Washington33． No less than___nobles of royal blood were killed in the Wars of the Roses.A． 80B． 90C． 100D． 11034． Those who tried to destroy the hated machines during the English Industrial Revolution were called___.A． DestroyersB． BreakersC． UnionistsD． Luddites35． The modern games of tennis originated in___in the late 19th century.A． EnglandB． ScotlandC． WalesD． Ireland36． Which of the following statements is not true about the Bishop's courts?A． They could inflict corporal punishmentB． They could punish by means of censureC． They could punish by means of excommunicationsD． They could punish by means of penance37． Which of the following is NOT the non-Christian communities in Britain?A． JewsB． BuddhistsC． PentecostalistsD． Moslems38． In___each year the National Film Theatre hosts the London Film Festival,at which some 250 new films from all over the world are screened.A． SeptemberB． OctoberC． NovemberD． December39． Which of the following is true about the British Commonwealth?A． Members of nations are joined together politicallyB． The Commonwealth has special powersC． The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is made by BritainD． It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. 40． ___became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.A． ComumbaB． EthelbertC． St. AugustineD． Egbert41． There are three political divisions on the islands of great Britain.They are___. A． Britain,Scotland and WalesB． England,Scotland and WalesC． Britain,Scotland and IrelandD． England,Scotland and Ireland42． In___,the name Great Britain came into being.A． 1689B． 1702C． 1701D． 170743． The English Civil War is also called___.A． the Glorious RevolutionB． the Bloody RevolutionC． Wars of the RosesD． the Puritan Revolution44． In the Industrial Revolution，changes occurred earliest and quickest in the industry of___.A． potteryB． hardwareC． textilesD． chemicals45． The war of Roses ended with the failure of___.A． the House of LancasterB． the House of StuartC． the House of YorkD． the House of Plantagenet46． During the British Civil Wars (1642 - 1651), the supporters of Parliament were called___.A． CavaliersB． RoyalistsC． FederalistD． Roundheads47． In Britain police officers are not allowed to join___or to go on strike.A． a choirB． a political partyC． a trade unionD． a club48． Which of the following statements in NOT true?A． Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England in 1653 by the Petition of RightB． Oliver Cromwell crushed without mercy a rebellion in IrelandC． Oliver Cromwell suppressed the Levellers, a group within his own army who advocated total religious and social equalityD． Oliver Cromwell replaced the Rump with an assembly largely chosen by himself 49． Britain is the___largest trading nation in the world.A． fourthB． fifthC． sixthD． seventh50． Which of the following statements is NOT true?A． Elizabeth I broke Mary's ties with RomeB． Elizabeth I restored her father's independent Church of EnglandC． Elizabeth I 's religious reform was a compromise of viewsD． Elizabeth I 's religious settlement was acceptable to both extreme Protestants and ardent Catholics二、简答题1． What kind of the economic system does the United States have?2． What are the two special powers of the Senate?3． Why did the Civil War break out?4． What animal is regarded as a national symbol of New Zealand?5． What does IRA stand for?6． What does ACT stand for in Australian political division?7． What kind of system of government does Canada have?8．Why is December 26th called “Boxing Day”?9．Why is King Alfred known as “the father of the British navy” ?10．What’s the official name of Britain?三、名词解释题1． winner-take-all2． Separation of powers3． Constitutional Monarchy4． Alfred the Great附：部分试卷答案一、单选题1．答案： a2．答案： c3．答案： c4．答案： b5．答案： a6．答案： d7．答案： c8．答案： d9．答案： d10．答案： a11．答案： d12．答案： b13．答案： d14．答案： d15．答案： c16．答案： d17．答案： b18．答案： a 19．答案： c 20．答案： a 21．答案： c 22．答案： d其他试题答案略本文源于中国大学网。

第七章：Government and Administration 选择题 1. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of _________， by_________. A. the king； His Majesty's Government B. the Queen； Her Majesty's Government C. the Sovereign； Prime Minister D. the Sovereign； His or Her Majesty's government 答案：D 2.__________is the “supreme governor” of the Church of English.A. The monarchB. The ArchbishopC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope 答案：A 3. The United Kingdom is a _______state.A. unitaryB. federalC. republicD. feudal 答案：A 4.The British monarchy can be traced back to at least ________century.A. the 7thB. the 8thC. the 9thD. the 10th 答案：C 5.In Britain the citizens aged _______ or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 30 答案：B 6.Local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue through _________.A. the council taxB. the income taxC. the capital receiptsD. the personal contribution 答案：A 7.In Britain a candidate must be at least _______or over with the deposit of &_____.A. 20；500B.21；500C.20；800D.18；400 答案：B 8.The House of Common is headed by________.A. the Prime MinisterB. the SpeakerC. the Lord ChancellorD. the Monarch 答案：B 9.By tradition， the leader of the majority party is appointed _________by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A. the Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House 答案：A 10.The British Cabinet is presided by _________.A. the Prime MinisterB. the SpeakerC. the Lord ChancellorD. the Monarch 答案：A 11.The Social and Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and _________.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labour PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Green Party 答案：C 12.Which of the following about UK's monarchy is not true？ A. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. B. There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom. C. Today the Queen holds the real power in UK. D. The continuity of the monarchy has been broken only. 答案：C 13.The leader of the House of Lords is ________.A. the SpeakerB. the MonarchC. the Prime MinsterD. the Lord Chancellor 答案：D 14.Northern Ireland is divided into _________districts.A. 20B. 26C. 36D. 40 答案：B 15.Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal？ A. All hereditary peers and peeresses of England， Scotland， Great Britain and the United Kingdom （but not peers of Ireland）。

00522⾃考英语国家概况-试卷（答案全⾯）⾃考课程综合测验英语国家概况试卷（课程代码 00522 ）⼀、单项选择题（每⼩题2分，共40分） 1. is the largest island in Europe.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. IrelandD. Great Britain 2. The UK is bordered on the south by . A. the North Sea B. the English Channel C. the Irish Sea D. the Atlantic Ocean 3. The capital of the UK is .A. EdinburghB. LondonC. LiverpoolD. Birmingham 4. The longest rivers in Britain are the Thames and .A. the MerseyB. the River HumberC. the SevernD. the Tyne River 5. The first known settlers of Britain were the .A. CeltsB. Anglo-SaxonsC. RomansD. Iberians 6. It is that brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.A. the RomansB. the CeltsC. the Anglo-SaxonsD. the Viking and Danish Invasions 7. Among the following groups of people, the came to Britain first. A. Jutes B. Angles C. Saxons D. Normans8. The Conquest in 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. A. Roman B. Viking C. Anglo-Saxon D. Norman9. Under , the feudal system in England was completely established. A. Edward I B. Henry II C. King Alfred D. William the Conqueror 10. The Magna Carta was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between .A. the Crown and the BaronsB. the king and the parliamentC. the aristocrats and the middle classD. the monarch and the working people 11. The name of the Hundr ed Years’ War is given to the intermittent war between .A. France and EnglandB. Spain and EnglandC. Germany and EnglandD. America and England12. in the 14th century was the modern name given to the plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas.A. Brid FluB. Black DeathC. Yellow FeverD. Scarlet Fever 13. was above all responsible for the religious reform in England.A. Alfred the GreatB. Edward IC. Henry VIIID. William the Conqueror 14. declared that he, and not the Pope, was the Supreme Head of the Church of England in 1535.A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Henry VIII 15. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, was Elizabeth I ’s . A. sister B. daughter C. cousin D. half-sister 16. The English Renaissance was largely .A. literaryB. politicalC. religiousD. philosophical 17. The Chartist movement was the first nationwide movement.A. working classB. lower middle classC. upper middle classD. upper class18. The Seven Years’ War was fought between Britain and for the colonization in North America. A. Spain B. Russia C. Holland D. France19. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries the system ended when the Enclosure Acts were introduced. A. tenant B. feudal C. open-field D. enclosed field 20. modified and improved the design of the steam engine in 1765.A. James WattB. Abraham DarbyC. Richard ArkwrightD. Henry Court⼆、论述题（15分）Describe the geographical position of the UK.三、论述题（15分）What do you know about King Alfred? What makes him worthy of the title of “Alfred the Great?年级班级准考证号姓名四、论述题（15分）What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?五、论述题（15分）What do you know about land enclosures in Britain?答案：。

2014年10月全国自考（国际商务英语）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词组英译汉 2. 词组汉译英 3. 配对题 4. 名词解释 5. 简答题6. 句子英译汉7. 句子汉译英词组英译汉1．foreign currency reserves正确答案：外汇储备解析：foreign意为“外国的”；currency意为“货币”；reserves意为“储备”。

2．customs clearance正确答案：结关解析：customs意为“海关”；clearance意为“清算”。

3．foreign exchange shortage正确答案：外汇短缺解析：foreign exchange意为“外汇”；shortage意为“短缺”。

4．documentary credit正确答案：跟单信用证解析：documentary credit是跟单信用证的固定称谓。

5．utmost good faith正确答案：最大诚信解析：utmost意为“最大”；good意为“好的”；faith意为“信任”。

6．legal entity正确答案：法人解析：legal意为“法律的”；entity意为“实体”。

7．hedge正确答案：保护解析：hedge意为“保护”。

8．escape clause正确答案：免责条款解析：escape意为“逃脱”；clauses意为“条款”。

9．European Commission正确答案：欧盟委员会解析：European Commission是欧盟委员会的固定称谓。

10．portfolio investment正确答案：证券投资解析：portfolio意为“投资组合”；investment意为“投资”。

词组汉译英11．基础设施正确答案：infrastructure解析：infrastructure是基础设施的固定名称。

12．专业化正确答案：specialization解析：specialize的名词形式。

《英语国家概况》自考真题及答案解析卷面总分：80分答题时间：70分钟试卷题量：40题一、单选题（共40题，共0分）1.Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with ________.• A.the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking• B.the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinking• C.the South-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinking• D.the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinking 正确答案：A2.Which often following statements is not true about British coal mining?• A.Brition has used up almost all coal deposits• B.The demand for British coal has declined.• C.Petroleum, water power, and electric power replacing coal for many purposes.• D.The old British mines are narrow and deep, making it difficult to use machines正确答案：A3.For electoral purposes Britain is divided into 659 constituencies, eachof whichreturns ________to the House of Commons.• A.one member• B.two members• C.three members• D.four members正确答案：A4.In the 1970s oil was discovered in ________, but the revenue from oil didnot create an economic for Britain.• A.the English Channel• B.the Irish Sea• C.St. George's Channel• D.the North Sea正确答案：D5.In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on therecommendation of ________.• A.the Lord Chancellor• B.the Prime Minister• C.the Speaker• D.the Parliamentary Commissioner正确答案：B6.Thanks to the militant feminist movement of the suffragettes beforethe First World War, votes were granted to women over the age of________ in 1918.• A.18• B.20• C.30• D.35正确答案：C7.The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for allmen, and it took its name from “________ ”.• A.The Bill of Rights• B.The Agreement of the People• C.The People's Charter• D.The Great Charter正确答案：C8.In the 1960s pop music underwent a revolution when ________ becameworld famous and turned their home town of Liverpool into a place of pilgrimage.• A.teh Beach Boys• B.the Rolling Stone• C.the Animals• D.the Beatles正确答案：D9.The Tories were the forerunners of ________, which still bears thisnickname today• A.the Labour Party• B.the Conservative Party• C.the Liberal Party• D.the Social Democratic Party正确答案：B10.In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ________ number ofseats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.• rgest• B.second largest• C.third largest• D.fourth largest正确答案：B11.In the United Kingdom,police officers are not allowed to join ________or to go on strike.• A.a trade union• B.a choir• C.apolitical party• D.a club正确答案：A12.Agricltural changes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries inEngland were so great that they were worthy of the term “________ ”.• A.reform• B.evolution• C.revolution• D.reformation正确答案：C13.The Mississippi, which is sometimes called ________, has played a vitalrole in the history of the United States.• A.“Old Man River ”• B.“Moon River ”• C.“Old Father River ”• D.“Mother of the United States ”正确答案：A14.The largest and smallest states of the United States are ________.• A.Alaska and Rhode Island• B.Texas and Maine• C.Texas and Rhode Island• D.Alaska and Maine正确答案：A15.A trend that occurs at the same time with the movement to the Southand the Weast of the United States is ________.• A.the flow of people to sunbelt area• B.the flow of peole from small cities to big cities• C.the growth of small towns• D.the outflow of city residents from the core cities to the suburbs 正确答案：D16.The average life expectancy of the Red Indians is ________.• A.higher than the national average• B.lower than the national average• C.about the same with the national average• D.none of the above正确答案：B17.The three Puritan traditions are ________.• A.religious tolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learning • B.religious dissent aggressiveness and respect for learning• C.religious intolerance, respect for achievement and respect for learning • D.religious intolerance, aggressiveness, respect for achievement 正确答案：C18.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the world in the productionof ________.• A.coal• B.electricity• C.oil• D.wheat正确答案：A19.During the Second World War, Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met at________.• A.Teheran, Yalta and Potsdam• B.Teheran and Yalta• C.Yalta, Potsdam and Berlin• D.Teheran and Potsdam正确答案：B20.The New Frontier and War on Poverty were put forward respectivelyby ________.• A.Eisenhower and Kennedy• B.Johnson and Nixon• C.Johnson and Kennedy• D.Kennedy and Johnson正确答案：D21.The origin of the American party system can be traced to ________.• A.the struggle between the Royalists and revolutionaries in the War of Independence• B.the constitutional debate between the Federalists and the anti--Federalists• C.the struggle between those who upheld slavery and those who opposed slavery• D.none of the above正确答案：B22.The functions of institutions of higher education in the U.S. are________.• A.research and teaching• B.teaching and degree awarding• C.professional training, teaching and public service• D.teaching, research and public service正确答案：D23.In “Song of Myself ”, Whitman writes that ________.• A.woman is not worth mentioning• B.woman is not as great as man• C.woman as the mother of human beings is the greatest• D.none of the above正确答案：C24.The theme of Thanksgiving has always been ________.• A.friendship and happiness• B.peace and plenty• C.cooperation and rich reward• D.love and happiness正确答案：B25.Australia is located between ________ and the Indian Ocean.• A.the South Pacific Ocean• B.the Atlantic Ocean• C.the North Sea• D.the Arctic正确答案：A26.Australia, which is one of the world's developed countries, hasbecome rich through ________.• A.manufacturing industries• B.farming and mining• C.service industries• D.forestry and fishing正确答案：B27.Australian Aborigines believed in a creative period, usually referred toin English as ________.• A.teh Dreamland• B.the Dreaming• C.the Beginning of the World• D.the Beginning of the Universe正确答案：B28.As far as Australian culture is concerned, the history of Australia canbe divided into the following phases with the exception of ________.• A.the period of the original culture of Aboriginal people• B.the period of the dominant British culture• C.teh period of Asian culture• D.the period of a multicultural society正确答案：C29.The Mabo Judgement passed by Australia's High Court in June 1992overturned the concept of terra nullius, which means ________.• A.“land belonging to no one ”• B.“land unknown to everyone ”• C.“Wonderland ”• D.“Dreamtime ”正确答案：A30.During the 1990s many Australians called for their nation to become arepublic with ________.• A.a president replacing the British monarch as head of state• B.a prime minister replacing the governor--general as head of government• C.a governor-general replacing the British monarch as head of state• D.a president replacing the governor- general as head of government 正确答案：A31.The longest river in Canada is ________.• A.the Mackenzie• B.the St. Lawrence• C.teh Severn• D.the Yukon正确答案：A32.Why were the French troops in Canada defeated by the British duringthe Seven Years' War?• A.Because they were not used to the weather in Cananda.• B.Because they did not get support from the local people.• C.Because they did not receive the supplies they needed so badly.• D.Because the British had larger and better settlements in Canada.正确答案：C33.Which of the following is not true about Canada's manufacturingtoday?• A.Manufacturing is the most important economic activity in Canada.• B.Transportation equipment ranks as the nation's leading manufactured product.• C.Food processing is still important but it is no longer Canada's chief man ufacturing industry• D.The production of paper and paper related products is no longer important in Canada's manufacturing.正确答案：D34.When was the referendum on Quebec's future status held in Canada?• A.1994• B.1995• C.1996• D.1997正确答案：B35.Since 1971 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of ________,recognizing that cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity.• A.assimilation• B.integration• C.multiculturalism• D.gender equality正确答案：C36.In Canada the federal governments have always been formed by________.• A.the Liberal Party• B.the Progressive Conservative Party• C.either the Liberal Party or the Progressive Conservative Party• D.both the Liberal Party and the Progressive Conservation Party 正确答案：C37.What is Ireland called in Irish?• A.Irea• B.Aire• C.Eare• D.Eire正确答案：D38.What are Ireland's chief exports?• A.Foodstuffs(especially beef), electrical machinery, and chemicals.• B.Wool, dairy products and fruit.• C.Motor vehicles, electrical machinery and petroleum.• D.Coal, mining equipment and textiles.正确答案：A39.A fault line runs the length of New Zealand, which means that it oftenhas________.• A.floods• B.volcanic eruptions• C.earthquakes• D.droughts正确答案：C40.Which of the following is not true about the political system of NewZealand?• A.New Zealand has a written constitution.• B.New Zealand has a parliamentary government and a constitutional monarchy.• C.New Zealand follows the British parliamentary system with some variations.• D.New Zealand Parliament has only one chamber.正确答案：C。

全国自考（英语国家概况）模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 简答题 3. 名词解释单项选择题1．The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are ______and ______. ( )A．Great Britain; IrelandB．Great Britain; EnglandC．Scotland; WalesD．Great British; Northern Ireland正确答案：A解析：不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。

两个大岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛。

2．The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly ______and they pulled out in AD 4( )A．six centuriesB．the whole of the Middle AgesC．400 yearsD．a century正确答案：C解析：英国被罗马人占领了近400年。

3．The Great Charter of 1215 is also known as______. ( )A．People’s CharterB．Magna CartaC．King’s CharterD．the Declaration of Human Rights正确答案：B解析：1215年大宪章又叫Magna Carta，它的精神是限制王权，置王权于封建法律的约束下。

A项的人民宪章是1836—1848年宪章运动中起草的有关人民政治要求的宪章。

4．The 1381 peasant uprising in England was directed against the______. ( ) A．rich clergy and landownersB．rich merchants and industrialistsC．the Parliament and lordsD．the Hundred Years’ War正确答案：A解析：英国1381年的农民起义具有真正的社会性，把矛头直接对准了富有的教职人员、律师和地主。

2014年4月全国自考《英语国家概况》真题全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试英语国家概况试题课程代码：00522I.MULTIPLE CHOICERead the following unfinished statements or questions carefully.For each unfinished statement or question,four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D are given.Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question,Blacken the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(50points,1point for each)1.The official name of the U.K.is______.A.EnglandB.Great BritainC.the British IslesD.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.______was the Roman general who invaded Britain for the first time in55BC.A.ClaudiusB.AgricolaC.AugustusD.Julius Caesar3.Among the following groups of people,the______came to Britain first.A.JutesB.AnglesC.SaxonsD.Normans4.The English people got their name from the Angles who came from______.A.FranceB.NorwayC.DenmarkD.Germany5.According to the feudal system in England,______owned all the land personally.A.the kingB.the serfsC.the knights and freemenD.the barons6.The Magna Carta was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between ______.A.the crown and the baronsB.the king and the parliamentC.the aristocrats and the middle classD.the monarch and the working people7.______in the14th century was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague,an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas.A.Bird FluB.Black DeathC.Yellow FeverD.Scarlet Fever8.The English Civil War in the17th century is also called the______.A.Puritan RevolutionB.English ReformationC.English RenaissanceD.Industrial Revolution9.The Wars of the Roses were fought between______.A.the House of Lancaster and the House of YorkB.the House of Lancaster and the House of KentC.the House of Winchester and the House of YorkD.the House of Winchester and the House of Commons10.______was generally regarded as the greatest writer in the English language.A.Ben JohnsonB.Edmund SpencerC.William ShakespeareD.Christopher Marlowe11.During the late18th and early19th centuries the______system ended when theEnclosure Acts were introduced.A.“tenant”B.“feudal”C.“open-field”D.“enclosed field”12.As a result of the industrial revolution,Britain was by1830______.A.the workshop of the worldB.an agricultural countryC.the workshop of auto industryD.the production center of grain13.The First World War was fought______.A.at the end of the19th centuryB.at the end of the20th centuryC.at the beginning of the19th centuryD.at the beginning of the20th century14.In each member state of the Commonwealth of Nations,the Queen isrepresented by______.A.a consulB.a generalC.an ambassadorD.a Governor-General15.Queen Elizabeth II,the current monarch of the U.K.,came to the throne in______.A.1950B.1952C.1954D.195616.The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of______Members of Parliament(MPs).A.551B.601C.651D.70117.In the United Kingdom,central judicial responsibility lies with the followingEXCEPT______.A.Lord ChancellorB.Ministry of justiceC.the Home SecretaryD.the Attorney General18.______was one of the two established churches in Britain.A.The Baptist ChurchB.The Methodist ChurchC.The United Reformed ChurchD.The Church of Scotland19.______University was the oldest British university dating from the12th century.A.OxfordB.GlasgowC.EdinburghD.Cambridge20.______is NOT a popular division of the British national newspapers based on thedifferences in style and content.A.Quality newspapersB.Popular newspapersC.Spectator newspapersD.Mid-market newspapers21.Supported by the______queen,Christopher Columbus discovered the NewWorld in the late15th century.A.SpanishB.DanishC.PortugueseD.Norwegian22.According to the textbook,there are______big cities with a population over twomillion in the U.S.A.5B.15C.21D.30。

1. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in population and area?The United States of America is the third-largest country in the world in population and the fourth-largest country in area.人口：印度-中国-美国-面积：俄罗斯-加拿大-中国-美国-巴西-澳大利亚-印度2. What are the two major mountain ranges in the United States?They are the Appalachian Highlands 阿巴拉契亚山脉and the Rocky Mountains. 落基山脉3. What is the Continental Divide, or Great Divide?The Continental Divide, or Great Divide, is an imaginary line that separates streams that flow into the Pacific Ocean from those that flow into the Atlantic.4. What are the five Great Lakes of the United States?They are Erie, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, and Superior.5. How many geographical regions can be found in the United States? What are they? There are seven geographical regions in the United States. They are New England, the Middle Atlantic States, the southern States, the Midwestern States, the Rocky Mountain states, the Southwestern States, and the Pacific Coast States and the New States.6. What states are in New England?New England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.7. Apart from Now York City, what other large cites are located in the Middle Atlantic region? Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, and Newark.8. What is the Midwest famous for?The Midwest is famous for its large stretches of fertile soil.9. What states make up the Pacific Coast Region?The region known as the Pacific Coast includes the western parts of Washington and Oregon and nearly all of California.10. What role does tourism play in Hawaii’s economy?Tourism is Hawaii’s most important industry.11. What is the population of the United States? How does it rank in the world?The United States is the third most populous country in the world after China and India, with a population of 267 million (estimated) in April 1997.12. What is the reason for the growth of population in Florida?It is because of its warm climate and convenience in doing business with and traveling to Central and South America.13. Which are the five biggest cities, in terms of population, in the United States?New York,Los Angeles,Chicago, San Francisco, Philadelphia.14. Why are people moving so often in the United States?People often move from one place to another for various reasons:to look for better job opportunity or for better climate or for other goals.15. What are some of the consequences of the outflow of city residents to the suburbs?The movement brings serious consequences to big cities:1）rising unemployment rate,2）the increase of the number of poor people,3）the worsening of city living conditions4）and the fall of government revenues.16. Which are the three largest groups of Hispanics?The Chicanos, the Puerto Ricans and the Cuban-Americans.17. Why do many Puerto Ricans go to the United States?They are drawn to the United States by better job opportunities.18. What explanation do experts give for the success of Asian-Americans?The experts attribute the success to Asian cultural tradition: emphasis on education, hard work and family.19. What was the fate of Japanese-Americans in WWII?The Japanese-Americans were taken to relocation centers in isolated parts of the western mountain and plains states and stayed behind barbed wires.20. Can you give an example to show the awakening of American Indians?Many Indians are taking legal steps to demand compensation for land and resources grabbed from them illegally.21. What is one of the explanations of how the early Indians came to the Americans?One of the explanations is the Indians crossed from Asia on the landbridge that connected Siberia and Alaska.22. How did the Plymouth settlers manage to survive?The neighboring Indians came to teach them how to grow corn and they succeeded in having a good harvest.23. In what way were the Puritans different from the Pilgrims?The Pilgrims were mostly poor, labouring people while the Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen.24. Did the War of Independence start with the adoption of the Declaration of Independence? No. It started when clashes （冲突）took place at Concord and Lexington.25. What was the chief weakness of the Articles of Confederation?The chief weakness was the document failed to set up a government that couldfunction.26. What was the significance of the adoption of the Bill of Rights?The adoption of the Bill of Rights in addition to the Constitution completed the foundation of the American constitutional system.27. Why did American territorial expansion threaten British interest?Because some Americans wanted to take advantage of the war in Europe to expand into Canada. This ran counter to British interest.28. What was the Compromise of 1850?The Compromise of 1850 was an arrangement which kept a balance between free and slave states in the Senate（参议院）.29. Why did the Civil War break out?The Civil War broke out because the southern states left the Union and formed a new nation but president Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union.30. How did the government help in the development of American economy?The government carried out the policy of trade protectionism.（贸易保护政策-提高进口产品的关税，降低出口产品的关税）31. What were the three features in the growth of American economy at the beginning of the 20th century?Large corporation, 联合企业urbanization 城市化and new technology 新技术were the three features.32. What was the basic demand of the Progressive Movement?The basic demand was government regulation of economic and social conditions. 33. Why did the United States pursue a policy of pro-Ally partiality in the early part of WWI?Because of ethnic ties, cultural tradition, social background, economic interests and successful British propaganda（宣传）, the U.S. government pursued such a policy. 34. What were the immediate causes that led the United States into the war?The immediate causes were Germany’s unlimited submarine warfare and Germany’s attempt to get Mexico into the war against the United States.35. What government policies in the 1920s helped big business?The policies of tariff protection, favorable tax rates and little government restrictions contributed to high profits of big businesses.36. How did many Americans view their country after WWI?They believed that American political, economic and social institutions were the best in the world.37. What was the experience of WWI veterans demanding payment of bonuses in WashingtonD.C. in 1932?They were driven out of the capital by military force directed by General McArthur. 38. What were some of the personal characteristics of F.D.R. that helped him in doing his work as president?He had a sure sense of what was practical or possible, a strong sense of timing and was a great communicator.39. What were the two guiding principles underlying American diplomatic activities in WWII? The first was to win the war; 打胜仗the second was to bring the Soviet Union into a postwar world order under American leadership. 控制战后世界格局40. What was the basic reason for the postponement of the opening of the Second Front?It was a reflection of the desire of not letting the Soviet Union expand into eastern and central Europe too quickly.41. What was the postwar strategy of the United States?The strategy was American leadership of the world and open market for American goods and capital.42. What was the theory put forward by the Soviet Union in around 1946?There could be no long-term peaceful co-existence between socialism and capitalism.43. What was the immediate cause of the Berlin crisis in 1948?The Soviet Union cut off Western routes to West Berlin.44. What decision did President Truman make to deal with the Berlin crisis?He decided to mobilize all possible American cargo planes to airlift supplies into West Berlin.45. What effect did the Berlin blockade have on the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones?it pushed the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones further to the side of the United States because they were grateful for American airlifts.46. What measure did the United States take in the Cuban Missile Crisis?The United States introduced a naval blockade 封锁，阻塞around Cuba and demanded the dismantlement拆除and withdrawal 撤走of the missiles from Cuba.47. Did the allies of the United States give their full support to the U.S. in the Vietnam War? No , some criticized the United States for escalation 扩大of the war, some refused to support American war efforts.48. What is the significance of the Shanghai Communique?The key thing is American commitment to a one China policy.49. What is the importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?The Act outlawed 被剥夺法律权利racial discrimination in housing and employment.50. What is the Port Huron Statement about?The Port Huron Statement was the platform of the Students for a Democratic Society ( SDS ) which condemned racism, poverty amidst plenty, big corporations and the Cold War.51. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in the total value of its economic production?The United States ranks first among the countries of the world in the value of its economic production.52. What kind of system is the United States economy based on?The United States economy is based on a free enterprise system.53. What are the factors that have helped build the United States into the economic giant it is today?The United States has one of the world’s most varied populations, and the vast space and resources of the land, the ideals of freedom and economic opportunity, and hard work by the people have helped build the United States into the economic giant it is today.54. What are the major natural resources in the United States?Fertile soil, forests, water, and minerals are the major natural resources in the United States.55. What are some of the leading farm products in the United States?They are corn, wheat, beef cattle, milk, soybeans, cotton, chickens and eggs, and hogs.56. What has helped make U.S farms the most efficient in the world?The use of modern farm machinery and agricultural methods has helped make U.S. farms the most efficient in the world.57. What areas have long been major U.S centers of manufacturing?The Midwest and Northeast.58. How does California rank among the states in the value of its manufactured goods? California ranks first among the states in the value of its manufactured goods.59. What are the problems the U.S economy has faced form time to time?They are recessions, depressions and inflation.60. Why is the poverty rate higher in the United States than in several other industrialized nations, including Canada, Australia, and Germany?Because they have more generous social programs for the poor and a higher minimum wage than the United States.61. What role has the Constitution played?The Constitution has been the basis for the evolution of governmental institutions and for political stability, economic growth and social progress in the United States.62. What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?The weaknesses were: there was no national executive to enforce the laws and there was no national court system and Congress had no power to tax, nor to regulate trade between states.63. What mechanism did the writers of the Constitution introduce to provide safeguards? They introduced the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances. 64. What are the three branches of the government?They are the legislative, the executive and the judicial.65. How is the American president elected?The voters vote for the electors and the electors vote for the president. But as soon as the votes of the voters are counted the number of electors for each candidate is known and who has won the election is known.66. According to the Constitution, what judicial power does the President have?He has the power to give reprieves and pardons in federal criminal cases.67. How are the two chambers of Congress made up?The Senate is composed of two members from each state, with a total number of 100 while membership in the House of Representatives is based on population. Currently the House has 435 members.68. What are the two special powers of the Senate?One is to confirm presidential appointments and the other is to ratify treaties by a tow-thirds vote.69. What is the composition of the federal court system?The federal court system consists of a supreme court, 11 courts of appeals, 91 district courts ( including one for the District of Columbia and one for Puerto Rico ) and three courts of special jurisdiction.70. What is the cause for the decline of the influence of political parties?The near destruction of the patronage system and the wide use of direct primaries in the selection of delegates to the party national conventions contribute to the decline of the influence of political parties.71. Is there any single sex educational institution in the U.S.?Yes, there are quite a number.72. Why is it that responsibility for education fall on the state?Because it is laid down in the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution.73. Why are there many variations in the education system of the 50 states?Because each state is expected to develop policies for the education within its boundary.74. Who is the chief executive officer under the local board of education?The superintendent of schools.75. What are the three types of high schools?They are comprehensive, academic, vocational and technical schools.76. Why does the number of graduate school enrollment keep climbing?Because an advanced degree is viewed as a major way to move ahead in the career.77. What are the fields favored by postgraduates?Those fields that would not only make students easily employed but would provide them with rewarding jobs.78. What is the guiding principle of community college?It is higher education for everyone and the philosophy that equality must mena equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual difference.79. What are the two focuses of the reform in the 1980s?They are the raising of the standards of teaching and learning and the restructuring of the schools.80. Are the goals set out in the plan “America 2000” easy to achieve?No, they are very difficult to achieve.81. Who were the writers of the first American writings?They were the first settlers.82. How does the story “Rip Van Winkle” end?When the story ends, Rip Van Winkle’s fierce wife is dead and he lives happily with his daughter.83. What is Emerson’s view o f man and nature?He holds that man’s relationship with nature should not be confined to making use of nature.84. Why did Hawthorne attack transcendentalism?Because it glorified absolute individualism without any regard for social impact.85. What does Mark Twain want to put across in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?He wants to show the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people.86. What does “leaf of grass” stand for?It stands for all ordinary things and common people.87. What were the two guides for Dickinson in her search for faith?They wee the Bible and the philosophy of Emerson.88. What contrast did Dreiser make in Sister Carrie?He made sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York.89. What was the first uniquely American contribution to architecture?It was skyscraper.90. When did rock ‘n’ roll become the standard form of popular music for teenagers?By the early 1960s it had become the standard popular m91. What do people say to each other at Time Square when the clock strikes at twelve o’clock on New Year’s Day?They say Happy New Year.92. Why did Congress vote to set a day in honor of Martin Luther King?Because he was respected and loved by the Americans, black and white, for his leadership of the Civil Rights Movement.93. Why was Lincoln considered to be a man who lived out the American Dream? Because Lincoln was born in a poor family in Kentucky and through hard work and study , honesty, he became America’s sixteenth President.94. What do peop le usually do on Valentine’s Day?It is popular to send cards decorated with hearts and flowers to express love.95. Why do children eat cherry pies on Washington’s birthday?Because they are familiar with the story of Washington and the cherry tree and they eat cherry pie to remember him as an honest man.96. What are the two symbols frequently associated with EasterThey are the egg and the hare ( or the bunny ).97. What did a group of women in the south do on May 30, 1868?They decorated the graves of both Union and Confederate soldiers.98. Why were American children awarded the 1965 Nobel Prize for peace?They were awarded the prize for their collection of money for UNICEF to help children in developing countries.99. Why was the unknown soldier buried at Arlington in 1921 awarded two medals?The honors were not for one but for all who had given their lives in the war.100. What is the typical food for Thanksgiving dinner?The typical food is roast turkey, pumpkin pie and cranberry sauce.。

英语国家概况自考题-14(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ1. The War of Roses that took place from 1455 to 1485 was fought between ______.A. Britain and France B. the Parliament and the Crown C. the working people and the aristocrats D. two branches of the Plantagenet family2. The name Wars of the Roses was, in fact, coined by the great 19th century novelist ______.A. Sir Thomas Browne B. Sir Max Beerbohm C. Sir Walter Scott D. Sir Norman Angell3. The Wars of the Roses broke out shortly after ______.A. the Black Death B. the Watt Tyler's Uprising C. the Hundred Years' War D. the Glorious Revolution4. Which statement about the "Wars of Roses" is not true?A. The king's power now became supreme. B. Ordinary people were seriously affected. C. The wars were waged intermittently for 30 years. D. From these wars feudalism received its death blow.5. The ______ ruled England and Wales for just over two hundred years following the ending of the ______.A. Stuart monarchs, Civil War B. Plantagenet monarchs, Hundred Years' War C. Lancaster monarchs, 1381 Peasant Uprising D. Tudor monarchs, Wars of the Roses6. The Tudor monarchy was founded by ______.A. Henry Ⅵ B. Henry Ⅶ C. Elizabeth Ⅰ D. William7. ______ was above all responsible for the religious reform in England. A. Alfred the Great B. Edward Ⅰ C. Henry Ⅷ D. William the Conqueror8. Henry Ⅷstarted the practice of appointing ______ and gave them full power over law and administration in the provinces.A. lawyers of the provinces B. local administrators C. local policemen D. Justices of the Peace9. The religious reform in England in the 16th century ______ of Parliament because of its activeparticipation in the reform.A. reduced the size B. increased the size C. increased the importance D. reduced the importance10. Queen Mary Tudor has been known as "Bloody Mary" because under her reign ______.A. a series of bloody wars were fought B. many Protestants were persecuted and burnt as heretics C. many rebel peasants were put to death D. many protesters against her rule were killed11. ______is remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.A. Edward Ⅵ B. Mary Tudor C. Elizabeth Ⅰ D. Henry Ⅷ12. Elizabeth's relationship with Parliament was often ______.A. peaceful B. turbulent C. cooperative D. harmonious13. Elizabeth I's religious reform was ______.A. a compromise of views B. thorough and radical C. to the welcome of the Pope D. warmly welcomed by Puritans14. ______'s reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.A. Mary B. Henry Ⅷ C. Elizabeth Ⅰ D. Charles Ⅱ15. Which of the following statements about Elizabeth Ⅰ(1558—1603) is true?A. Elizabeth was 35 when she came to the throne. B. Elizabeth remained single. C. Elizabeth was not able to work with Parliament. D. Her reign was a time of diminishing English nationalism.16. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, was Elizabeth I's ______.A. sister B. daughter C. cousin D. half-sister17. Elizabeth I was succeeded by King James Ⅵ of Scotland who was also known as ______.A. King of Britain B. James Ⅰof England C. Head of the church D. Stuard Ⅰ18. England showed its superiority as a naval power by destroying the Spanish ______ in ______ time.A. Armada, Elizabeth Ⅰ's B. navy, James Ⅰ's C. king, Henry Ⅶ's D. colonist, Henry Ⅲ19. ______ was generally considered the transitional period between the Middle Ages and modern times, covering the years c.1350—c.1650.A. The Reformation B. The Renaissance C. The Restoration D. The Glorious Revolution20. Which is not the characteristic of the English Renaissance? ______A. England followed a course of history greatly independent of the others in Europe. B. The native literature was sufficiently subjected by foreign influences. C. English Renaissance literature is primarily artistic rather than philosophical and scholarly. D. The Renaissance coincided with the Reformation inEngland.21. The finest exponents of Elizabethan drama in the English Renaissance were ______.A. Ben Johnson, Christopher Marlowe and Charles Dickens B. Edmund Spenser, Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare C. William Shakespeare, Ben Johnson and Charles Dickens D. William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson22. Which of the following is the tragedy of Shakespeare? ______A. Henry Ⅴ. B. The Tempest. C. Hamlet. D. The Merchant of Venice.23. The English Renaissance was largely literary, and it achieved its finest expression in the so-called ______.A. Romantic poetry B. Romantic fiction C. Elizabethan poetry D. Elizabethan drama24. ______ established blank verse in plays.A. William Shakespeare B. Francis Bacon C. Edmund Spenser D. Christopher Marlowe25. During the Civil Wars Charles I's men were called ______.A. loyalists B. King's supporters C. Cavaliers D. Catholics26. The English Civil War is also called ______.A. the Revolutionary War B. the Puritan Revolution C. the Reformation D. the Renaissance27. One of Cromwell's first acts after declaring England a Commonwealth, was to crush a rebellion in ______.A. Scotland B. Ware C. England D. Ireland28. In English history the "Rump" referred to ______ who voted for Charles I's execution. A. members of the Long Parliament B. the Cavaliers who supported Charles Ⅰ C. supporters of Episcopalian belief D. Puritans and their followers29. After Charles I was executed England became known as ______.A. a country without King B. a kingless country C. the Commonwealth D. the Rump Parliament30. The Restoration in English history took place in ______.A. 1042 B. 1066 C. 1606 D. 166031. The Test Act passed after Restoration ______.A. were against the Puritans B. excluded all Catholics from public office C. increased the king's powers D. was the law for schools32. After the Restoration, Parliament passed a series of severe laws called ______ against the Puritans, now known as Nonconformists.A. Agreement of the people B. the petition of the Right C. the Clarendon Code D. the Act of Supremacy33. The Disabling Act forbade ______.A. any Catholics to sit in either House of Parliament B. any Puritans to sit in either House of Parliament C. any landowners to sell and buy land D. any tenant-in-chief to divide his land34. Constitutional monarchy is a system under which the powers of the ______ are limited by Parliament or the constitution.A. church B. king or queen C. government ministers D. bishop's court35. England and Scotland was officially united into Great Britain by ______ of 1707.A. the Act of Union B. the Bill of Right C. the Great Charter D. the Bill of Supremacy36. ______ associate 1690 with William of Orange's punishment of them by confiscating their lands.A. Puritans B. Roundheads C. Scottish Catholics D. Irish CatholicsⅡ1. Who were Justices of the Peace in Henry Ⅷ's time?2. Was the religious reform of Elizabeth I radical?3. What questions did Elizabeth I treat as personal and private?4. What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years?5. How did Elizabeth I manage to maintain a friendly relationship with France?6. What was the military significance of the destruction of the Spanish Armada for Britain?7. When did the Renaissance begin in England?8. What was Puritanism noted for?9. What was the direct result of the Glorious Revolution?10. Which war was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the King in Britain?Ⅲ1. Bloody Mary2. Elizabeth Ⅰ3. Roundheads4. Clarendon Code。

5.What do you know about parliamentary reform?Political change in England did not come through revolution but through gradual reform. At the general election of 1830,the Whigs under Lord Grey returned to power and want to carry out parliamental reforms. There were several reasons.First,power was monopolized by the aristocrats.Second,representation of town and country,and North and South wasunfair.Finally,there were also various rotten or pocket boroughs.So, between 1832 and 1884 three Reform Bills were passed.The Reform Act of 1832 Abolished "rotten Boroughs",and redistributed parliamentary seats more fairly among the growing towns.lt also gave the vote to many householders and tenants ,based on the value of their property.6.What do you know about the Chartist Movement and The people's Charter? What's your comment on them?In 1836 a group of skilled workers and small shopkeepers formed the Londan Working Men's Association.they drew up a charter of political demands(a People's Charter),The Chartist movement was the first nation wide working class movement and drew attention to serious problem.Chartism failed bacause of its weak and divided leadership,and its lack of coordination with trade-unionism.7.How did the Labour Party come into being?As the new working class became established in the industrial towns in the late 18th century,they became aware of the power which they could possess if they acted together instead of separately. So various working class organizations were formed which brough about the formation of a political party, the Labour Party.The Labour Party had its origins in the Independent Labour Party,which was formed in January, 1893 and led by Keir Hardie, a Scottish miner. The foundation of an effective party for labour depended on the trade unions. In 1900,representatives of trade unions,the ILP,and a number of small societies set up the Labour Representation Committee(LRC). The IRC changed its name to the Labour Party in time for the general election which was called for in 1906.the Labour Party remains one of the two major parties in Britain until today.8.What was the colonial expansion like during the 19th century.1)In the late 18th century Britain acquired vast,underpopulatedterritories:Canada,Australia,and New Zealand.2)The conquest of India3)The scramble for Africa4)Aggression against China9.What did Winston Churchill play in the Second World War?Winston Churchill took over Chamberlain as Prime Minister in 1940 to lead Britain in such a crisis to be attacked by Germany.He received massive popular support as a war leader and led his country to final victory in 1945. He played an important role in the Second World War.10.What are the main contents of Thatcherism?Margaret Thatcher became the first woman Prime Minister in Britain in 1979.Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state owned industries.the use of monetarist policies to control inflation,the weakening of trade unions,the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy,and an emphasis on law and order.Chapter 6 The Economy1.What are the three periods as far as the evolution of the British economy is concerned?The three periods of the evolution of the British economy are:steady development in the 50s and 60s,economic recession in the 70s and economic recover in the 80s.2.What measures did the Thatcher government take to improve the nation's economy?1)Macroeconomic measures were directed towards bringing down the rate of inflation and achieving price stability.2)Microeconomic policies were aimed at working with the grain of market forces by encouraging enterprise,efficiency and flexibility(弹'性)。

大专英美概况试题及答案1. 英国的首都是哪个城市？A. 纽约B. 伦敦C. 悉尼D. 巴黎答案：B2. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 7月1日D. 7月7日答案：A3. 英国的官方语言是什么？A. 法语B. 德语C. 英语D. 西班牙语答案：C4. 美国的总统任期是多久？A. 4年B. 5年C. 6年D. 8年答案：A5. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 美元B. 欧元C. 英镑D. 日元答案：C6. 美国的国旗被称为什么？A. 星条旗B. 红白蓝旗C. 联合杰克D. 红白旗答案：A7. 英国的哪个城市是世界著名的金融中心？A. 纽约B. 伦敦C. 巴黎D. 法兰克福答案：B8. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案：C9. 英国的哪个地区是著名的工业革命发源地？A. 伦敦B. 曼彻斯特C. 利物浦D. 伯明翰答案：B10. 美国的哪个州是美国人口最多的州？A. 加利福尼亚州B. 德克萨斯州C. 纽约州D. 佛罗里达州答案：A11. 英国的哪个大学是世界上最古老的大学之一？A. 牛津大学B. 剑桥大学C. 哈佛大学D. 耶鲁大学答案：A12. 美国的哪个城市被誉为“天使之城”？A. 洛杉矶B. 纽约C. 芝加哥D. 旧金山答案：A13. 英国的哪个历史事件标志着现代议会制度的诞生？A. 光荣革命B. 工业革命C. 玫瑰战争D. 诺曼征服答案：A14. 美国的哪个总统被认为是最伟大的总统之一？A. 乔治·华盛顿B. 亚伯拉罕·林肯C. 富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福D. 约翰·肯尼迪答案：B15. 英国的哪个历史时期是文艺复兴时期？A. 都铎时期B. 维多利亚时期C. 罗马时期D. 诺曼时期答案：A。

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