There be句型及其考点
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“There be”是英语中常见又非常重要的句型,不管在口语中还是在书面语中,there be句型的使用频率是很高的。
仔细分析近几年的中考试题,几乎每年都以不同形式、从不同角度考查该句型的运用。
因此,很有必要对此进行认真的分析和总结,从而达到熟练掌握和运用这一句型的目的。
我们都知道,“There be”是表示“存在”的一种基本方式,其句型结构通常为:There be +sb./sth. + somewhere/doing sth.但仅仅知道这点用法还远远不够,“There be”还有更多较为特殊的用法。
一、“There be”后面可以跟名词或动名词
在“There be+主语+状语”的句型中,作主语的名词一般是非限定的,常是泛指而不是特指,故一般不用this, that, these, those等词修饰;修饰主语的一般应该是不定冠词、零冠词、基数词或a, an, some, any, no, several, many, much, a few, a little, another, a lot of, enough等非特指的词汇。
请看下面例句:
There is a video store at the corner.在拐角处有家_____________。
There ________ a book and some pencils on the desk.课桌上有一本书和一些铅笔。
There is a girl ________ under the tree.树下有一个女孩儿在读书。
二、“There be”之间可以用情态动词
我们也可以根据表达的需要,在There与be之间用上恰当的情态动词can, may, must, should, will等,构成:There will / may / must / can be...: There will be an interesting talk on English next week.下个星期有个关于英语方面的有趣的报告。
There may be something wrong with my watch. It doesn’t work.我的手表
不走了,可能出了故障。
三、“There be”句型还有扩展形式
在There be句型中,除be之外,某些表示存在概念的不及物动词也可以用于这种句型,这些动词大致是:live, come, stand, lie等。
请看:
Once there lived an old fisherman near the sea.海边曾经______一位老渔夫。
There stands a big tall apple tree _____________ my house.我家屋前有一棵高大的苹果树。
Then there came a knock at the door.那时传来了敲门声。
四、使用“There be”句型时要注意主谓一致
在There be引导的句子中,谓语动词be的人称和数应该和它后面的主语(名词)保持一致,当有两个或两个以上的名词作并列主语时,be的形式则和第一个名词保持一致(就近原则)。
如:
There ________ a small river near the village.村子附近有条小河。
There ________ two thousand students in our school.我们学校有2000名学生。
There ________ a pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。
五、There be句型与have的区别
二者都表示汉语中的“有”。
但是在用法上有区别:There be句型表示“某处(某时)有某物”,而have则表示“某人或某物拥有某物”,强调主语和宾语的所属关系。
如:
There are quite a few pine trees on the campus.校园里有________松树。
Each student has his merits and faults.每个学生都有他的优点和缺点。
We ________ ten copies, but we still need more.我们有10册,但是我们还需要更多。
六、There be句型的转换
一般地说,There be句型的基本转换还是比较容易掌握的,关键要注意句型中名词的转换形式。
请看下面的例句:
① _____________ any bread on the table? (一般疑问句)
②There _____________ students in the classroom. (否定句)
③—What’s in the bag? (对主语提问的特殊疑问句)
—There ________ many oranges in it.
七、There be句型的时态
There be句型没有语态形式,但是却有比较复杂的时态形式,以及可以表达不同的情态语境。
请看下面的例句:
There _____________ a class meeting this afternoon. (一般将来时)
There _____________ a football match in our school yesterday. (一般过去时)
There _____________ great changes in China in the past twenty years. (现在完成时)
There _____________ two English parties next week. (一般将来时)
There must be something wrong with the computer. ( must + be)
八、即时练习
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. There was a tractor ________ (work) and some cows ________ (eat) grass on the farm.
2. Look! There ________ (come) the No.7 bus.
3. There ________ (be) a sheep and some goats on the hill yesterday morning.
4. There must ________ (be) someone in the corner because there was something ________ (move)
quickly.
5. There ________ (be) a writer and singer in our school last week.
6. There ________ (be) a writer and two singers in our school last week.
7. ________ there ________ (be) an exciting concert in town tomorrow?
8. There _____________ (be) a lot of changes in my hometown in the last two years.
9. Once there ________ (live) some hard-working people in the forest.
10. ________ there ________ (stand) a statue (塑像) by the sea in the past?
参考答案:一、音像店;is;reading
三、住着;in front of
四、is;are;is
五、许多;have
六、Is there;aren’t any;are
七、will be / is going to be;was;have been;will be / are going to be
八、1. working, eating 2. comes 3. was 4. be, moving 5. was
6. was
7. Will, be / Is, going to be
8. have been
9. lived 10. Did, stand。