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英语修辞鉴赏与写作

英语修辞鉴赏与写作
英语修辞鉴赏与写作

《英语修辞鉴赏与写作》期末复习考点归纳

I. Definition

1. Antonomasia

(1) Daniel:a person of great wisdom; a wise and fair judge

(2) Doubting Thomas: someone who tends not to believe things unless they can see the proof of them; who demands physical evidencein or not to be convinced, especially when this demands is out of place

(3) Judas: someone who betrays under the guise of friendship; traitor

Judas Kiss: a deceitful act of courtesy or a simulated act; insidious treachery (4) The Tower of Babel: a fantasyplan; a castle in the air; confusion of tongues; a scene of confusion

(5) Trojan Horse: any person, group, or thing that seeks to subvert a nation, an organization, etc. from within

(6) Watergate: scandal; illegal activities; charge or get sb. involved insth.

(7) Dunkirk: retreat in disorder; recession; grave crisis

(8) Waterloo: a severe and deserved defeat after a time of unusual success

(9) Bastille: tyranny of prison; a symbol of tyranny

(10)Beauty and the Beast: a handsome woman with an uncouth or uncomely male companion

(11) The Lion's Share: the biggest part or the best part

(12)Gone with the Wind: be utterly helpless; have no way out

(13) The Grapes of Wrath: an explosive, dangerous situation resulting from the anger or distress of a group of people over a situation

(14) Tartuffe: a hypocrite, who pretends to religious piety

(15) Romeo and Juliet: ill-fated lovers

(16) Munich: policy of appeasement

(17) Gatsby: upstart

(18) Holmes: a man of keen insight and reasoning

(19) Tess: a pure and innocentwoman

(20) The American Dream: a place where everyone has the chance of becoming rich and successful

(21) Beefeater: those living off imperial-cereals or salary provided by the state

(22) The Iron Lady: a tough woman

(23) Foggy Bottom: Department of State; State Department

(24) Father of Lies: the devil; the enemy of mankind

(25) The Big Apple: a popular name for New York City

(26) Shangri-La: a hidden paradise; a secret military base

(27) Downing Street: the British Government

2. Allusion

(1) Cry Wolf: give a false alarm, risking the possibility that people will not believe that you need help later whenyou really do

(2) Cat's Paw: a person used as tool by another; someone who does unpleasant

or dangerous jobs on the orders of another person; tool

(3) Skeleton in the Cupboard: an unpleasant, often shocking event or fact from the past that a person or a family keeps secret

(4) Phoenix: a symbol of immorality; that which risesfrom the ashes of its predecessor

(5) Peeping Tom: a man who furtively watches people's naked body or sexual activities

(6) A Pandora's Box: source of evils

Open Pandora's Box: to do something that unexpectedly causes a lot of new problems that did not exist before

(7) An Apple of Discord: a cause of dispute; a root oftrouble

(8) A Sword of Damocles: something bad that may happen at any time

(9) Helen of Troy: the beautiful woman as a disaster; the face that launched a thousand ships

(10) Achilles' Heel: the only weak or vulnerable point or a single important weakness that can prevent you from being successful

(11) Siren: a dangerous beautiful woman; a woman who is considered to be dangerous

(12) Forbidden Fruit: a pleasure or enjoyment that is disapproved of or not allowed and perhaps therefore more enjoyable, especially a sexual act or illegal sexual relationship; having an affair

(13)Oliver Branch: some gesture to show that one wants to end a struggle against someone; a sign of peace

(14) A Garden of Eden: a place of innocent happiness

(15) Birthday Suit: theskin with no clothes on; complete nakedness

(16) Bite the Bullet: tide over a period of stress with one's teeth set; suffer bravely something very un-pleasant

(17) Waterloo: a severe or crushing defeat

Meet One's Waterloo: suffer a disastrous defeat; to be finally defeated after a long period of success

(18) Woodstein: a journalist who frequently lays bare an inside story of a plot

(19) Deep Throat: a secret giver of information

(20) Columbus's Egg: everything is hard in the beginning; an easy task once one knows the trick

(21) Frankenstein: anything that causes the ruin of its creator

(22) Rip Van Winkle: someone who is unaware of current events and conditions

(23) Uncle Tom: one who is slavish or obedient; a black person who is very friendly or respectful to the whitepeople

(24) Cinderella: a person or thing whose real worth or beauty is not recognized or someone or something that doesn't get as much attention or respect as it deserves; a person who becomes famous overnight

(25) Friday (Man-Friday):an assistant with diverse duties

(26)Fagin: abettor

(27) Shylock: a harsh and cruel usurer; merciless person

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英语写作常用修辞手法 英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下: 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.

II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物. 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.

英语修辞简介

Some Common Forms of Figures of Speech 宋德文(讲义) Figures of speech are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech. 原文作者在文章中使用修辞手法,是为了使语言更加形象生动,鲜明突出;或者使语言更加整齐匀称,音调铿锵,以便更深入地阐明事件的意义或刻画人物的性格。因此,译文中若不能正确表现原文的修辞格,就不能准确地表达作者的思想和文风,就不符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准。 修辞(figures of speech / rhetorical devices / rhetoric) 大体分为三类: 音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices) 词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices) 句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices) (一)音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices) 1. Alliteration: (头韵) It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free. 头韵与拟声修辞方式能使语言具有音韵美,可增加口头或书面表达的实际音感,给人以声情并茂的美感。 Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中,有两个以上彼此靠近的词,其开头的音节(或其他重读音节)具有同样的字母或声音. Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.(alliteration) Clear as crystal 水晶般的清莹 Now or never 机不可失,时不再来 Safe and sound 安然无恙 To many parents, the three Gs--- gays, guns and gangs ---have replaced the three Rs as benchmarks of schools life. Spare the rod, and spoil the child. China 's cities, after decades of bolted doors and barred windows, are suddenly being opened to sweeping changes. No mill , no meal . No song , no supper . No cross , no crown . Sea , sun, sand, seclusion ---and Spain . 海滨,阳光,沙滩,有静--- 更有西班牙风情。 book name or title Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见

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英语写作与修辞练习题

I.Revise the following sentences 1. Mr. Wang, a man trusted by his leaders and all his fellow workers, known as an expert in computer programming. 2. Flying from Beijing to London three days ago and back to Beijing yesterday, jet lag is troubling him. 3. When the meeting between the director of our company and the representative of the American company came to an end, he expressed satisfaction with the result. 4. He had a long talk with the visiting delegation, he mentioned all the problems that remained to be solved, however, no agreement was reached in the end. 5. They had a long discussion, nevertheless, they came to no conclusion. 6. While he was in Shanghai, he has visited the newly developed area in Pudong, and is deeply impressed by the prosperity he has seen. 7. This grammar book is a better one as far as I know. 8. She hurried back because she didn't know that the meeting was put off. 9. I entered her office and found she talked with two guests. 10. There are more books in their library than my school.

英语修辞学

《英语修辞学》教学大纲 修订单位: 韩山师范学院外语系 执笔人: 张若兰 一. 课程基本信息 1. 课程中文名称:英语修辞学 2. 课程英文名称:English Rhetoric 3. 课程类别:任选 4. 适应专业:英语(师范类)本科 5. 总学时:36 6. 总学分:2 二.本课程在教学计划中的地位、作用和任务 《英语修辞学》是为英语专业高年级学生开设的一门专业任意选修课。该课程通过系统的讲授,使学生掌握英语修辞的基本原理及其应用,从而达到写作时语言更加贴切,意义更加清晰,表达更加生动;阅读时更加准确地理解作者的写作意图、文体风格和写作技巧,从本质上了解英语,掌握英语,提高阅读能力、写作能力和文学欣赏水平和语言修养。 三.教学内容与教学基本要求 教学内容: Chapter One:Syntactic Devices (句法辞格) (6课时) 本章内容包括: 1.长句和短句(Long and short sentences); 2.简单句(The simple sentence); 3.复合句(The compound sentence); 4.分枝句(Branching sentences); 5.主动和被动句(The active and the passive voiced sentences); 6.平衡句(Syntactic schemes of balance)----排比句(parallelism);对偶句(antithesis);逆转反复句(chiasmus); 7.倒装句(Syntactic scheme of inversion)----省略句(ellipsis);局部省略句(fragmentary elliptical sentence);连词省略/散珠(asyndeton);跳脱(aposiopesis); 8.添加句(Syntactic scheme of addition or insertion)----连词叠用(polysyndeton);修正法/换语(epanorthosis);注释法(exegesis);扩充法(exergasia) ;并列法(apposition) ;插入法(parenthesis); 9.反复句(Syntactic scheme of repetition)---二项式(binomials);三项式(trinomials);多项式(catalogues);首语重复(syntactic anaphora);尾语重复(syntactic epiphorea);首尾语重复(syntactic framing); 10.层进与突降(Syntactic scheme of climax and anticlimax)----(climax);(anticlimax or bathos) 11.修辞问句(Rhetoric question); 12.顿呼(Apostrophe)。 重点:掌握各种句法辞格的概念和应用。 难点:平衡句、倒装句、添加句三类句子的理解。 Chapter Two:Lexical Devices (词法辞格)(8课时) 本章包括两部分:词汇选择和词的反复。 1.词汇选择(Lexical options):长词或短词(short words or long words);普通词或学究词(common words or learned words);正规、非正规或口语词(formal, informal or colloquial

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英语修辞赏析 英语中的修辞决非“文学语言”之专利,它已渗透到各种体裁,各类文体。即使是在Internet上,我们每日也能欣赏到五光十色、美不胜收的英语修辞。如:1. U.S. stocks decline; global markets churn(平行结构)2. Hurricane Bonnie hammers Carolina coast(比喻)等。再以科技英语为例,原本一本正经、味同嚼蜡的中科技英语也经常闪现修辞的光彩,如:Electric power becomes the servant of man only after the motor was invented.(只是在电动机发明之后,电力才开始造福人类。)再如:Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixture and compounds.(合金是介于混合物和化合物的中间物质。)英语广告对于修辞的运用更是“穷凶极恶”。如:What is your choice when inflation is slowly eroding the value of your nest eggs? (这是一家投资公司的广告,它把你平日的积蓄比作nest eggs,比喻独到,形象鲜活。)再如:Wash the big city right out of your hair. (广告里的big city即刻让人意识到the dirt of the big city,生动形象。) 英语的修辞可以分为消极修辞和积极修辞两大类。 一、消极修辞(Passive Rhetoric Techniques) 它主要指那些没有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧,它与语法、语言结构和词汇的关系密切,只是为了修辞和立意新颖的缘故,对之做了一些调整。举一种情况进行说明:为了增加文采,强化文章的表现力,常常避免重复使用同一个词汇,而另选他词。这种无固定格式可循的消极修辞手段被称为Elegant V ariation(求雅换词)。 求雅换词的手法之一是大字小用,或小词大用。如:Don’t take the low-fat label as a license to eat. 句子写得精彩,最难忘的是其中license一词。它是用途很广的大词。用在这里给人一种“头小帽大”的感觉,新颖别致。译文很难挽留此韵。(不能因为食品标明低脂肪,而敞开食用。)再如:If the term sounds unscientific to 20th-century ears, let us remember there is a definite connection between marshy lands and malaria… (如果这个术语对生活在20世纪的人听来不科学的话,那就让我们记住在沼泽地和疟疾之间有一定的联系……)。求雅换词的手法之二是科技词汇和日常用词的“错位”。如:Na?ve rats and frogs are said to have reacted wildly to such proposed experimented situation. Na?ve用于现代生物学时的含义为:not previously subjected to experimentation or a particular experimented situation.(据说,首次用来作实验的鼠和蛙对这种设定的环境改变都有剧烈反应。)再如:However, there are plenty of people who like tennis. It is the megagame. Mega的含义是兆,百万,是一个科技英语的词缀。使用在这里新义溢出。(但是许许多多的人喜欢网球,这是一项十分普及的运动。) 二、积极修辞(Active Rhetoric Techniques) 它主要指那些有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧。常见分类如下: 1.词义修辞格(Lexical Stylistic Devices)

《英语修辞与写作》教学大纲

《英语修辞与写作》教学大纲 课程代码:601016学时:60 一、课程简介 本大纲根据2018版人才培养计划制订。 (一)教学对象:商务英语专业高职专科学生(和全院非英语专业学生的写作需要)(二)开课学期:第二学期 (三)课程类别:职业技术核心课 (四)考核方式:考试 (五)参考教材:虞苏美.新编商务英语写作[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005. 主要参考书目:丁往道.英语写作手册[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2009. 二、教学基本要求与内容安排 (一)教学目的与要求 本课程的教学目的是通过词汇、句子和语篇多层次相结合的语言实践活动来培养学生的英语写作能力。使学生系统地掌握英语写作的基本知识、技巧等写作方法;具备书写格式标准的商务应用文能力。 本课程的知识目标是培养学习者选词、造句和段落的书写能力,掌握四大文体和商务类信函的写作要领;能力目标旨在注重语言学习者的书面表达能力的培养和典型文体写作方法的涉猎;素质目标是培养学习者较熟练写出语言流畅、结构严谨的文章和具备书写格式准确的商务类文体的素质。 (二)教学内容安排

(教学要求:A—熟练掌握;B—掌握;C—了解) 三、实训内容 技能训练项目1:优秀作文的分析 技能训练项目2:商务信函的写作 技能训练项目3:基于中国优秀传统文化背景阅读的英文四大文体写作

制订人(签字):李芙蓉审核人(签字): 安徽交通职业技术学院 学期授课计划( 2018 /2019学年第一学期) 课程名称(全称)英语修辞与写作

授课班级 18级学生 课程总学时 60 本课程计划学时 60 任课教师 李芙蓉 制定日期 2018 年 9 月 教研室主任(签字) 系部主任(签字) 教务处主任(签字) 教学大纲制定部门 安徽交通职业技术学院 教材全称 (编者、出版单位、出版时间) 《新编商务英语写作》第二册 高等教育出版社 主要教学参考书(名称、编者) 《新编商务英语写作》第一册 虞苏美 《英语写作手册》丁往道 本学期教学周数 15 本课程每 周学时数 4 本课程学期总时数 60 编制说明: 本学期教学时数 分配 讲授 30 实验 习题课 28

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