英语专业英译汉翻译过程

英语专业八级翻译练习题（一）The Rewards of Living a Solitary LifeThe other day an acquaintance of mine, a gregarious and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney and spent the "empty" time looking at things in solitary bliss. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.参考译文：独自生活的报偿前些日子，我的一个熟人，一位热爱交际并很受欢迎的男士告诉我，他在纽约的两个约会之间偶然有一两个小时的空闲，他便去了惠特尼博物馆，四处浏览着展品，无比幸福的度过了那些时光。

发现自已独自一人，也能如此的幸福，他感觉像坠入爱河那般震惊。

英语专业八级翻译练习题（二）What had he been afraid of, I asked myself? That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? But having taken the plunge, he is now on the brink of adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space to the astronaut. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original.参考译文：“他一直在害怕什么呢？”，我问自已。

UNIT6What does it feel like to help dying patients through their final days? Experience it through the eyes of hospice nurse Jill Campbell, who does her job with grace, compassion, and gratitude.1.Outside, it's noisy on this busy block of row houses in Baltimore. But inside one tidy living room, all is quiet except for the sound of a woman's raspy breathing. The patient is huddled in an easy chair under a handmade pink-and-blue afghan, a knit cap on her head and booties on her feet. She has trouble staying warm these days. Her cancer has returned with a vengeance and she has only a few weeks to life. Hospice nurse Jill Campbell kneels down beside her patient, listens to her breathing, and then checks her blood pressure. Campbell has already hauled in oxygen tanks, showed family members how to work them, organized the medicine, and assessed how her patient has been eating and sleeping.2.But now is a moment to connect one-on-one. Campbell wraps her hands aro und the woman’s hands and rubs them together to warm them. She looks into her face. “are you feeling a little better?” she asks softly.3.Getting to know her patients and helping them through the toughest time of their lives is what Campbell, 43, appreciates most about being a hospice nurse. “I don’t know of another position where you can do more for people,” she says.4.Her patients have all been told that they have six months or less to live. Rather than continue with often-difficult or painful treatments that probably won’t extend their lives, they have decided to stop trying for a cure. Instead, with the help of hospice care, they’ll focus on comfort and on living whatever they have left of their lives to the fullest ---usually in their own home.5.Being able to die at home is a major part of the appeal of hospice, but patients and family members may not see it that way at first. “A lot of people still view hospice as giving up and letting the disease in,” says Campbell. That’s why the decision to c all in hospice care can be an incredibly difficult one for a family to make. Once they do, though, most patients and their families soon understand the value of having a team of dedicated professionals---including social workers, health aides, chaplains, and nurses---work together to provide not only physical but also emotional and spiritual support. 帮助即将离世的患者度过最后的时光会是怎样的感受呢？让我们借助吉尔·坎贝尔的所见经历这一切吧。

英汉互译2、基本信息二、课程描述〃英汉互译〃系英语专业技能必修课程，这是一门操作性、技巧性很强的课程，它涉及两种语言和各方面的知识，是专业英语学生必须掌握的基础课程。

翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想内容、感情、风格等忠实地重新表现出来的语言活动。

针对已获得基础语言水平和交际能力的英语专业学生，帮助其学习和掌握英汉互译基本技能，使学生能够针对各类文本体裁，较准确、流畅地进行汉英英汉双向笔译，为国际交流与合作培养高质量的笔译人才。

通过自评、互评和教师评阅等环节，重点训练学生在源语听辨、口译记忆、交传笔记、数字口译、信息重组、口译产出、话语分析、跨文化交际意识和口译职业化等放啊民的额实际应用能力。

通过学习，学生能够掌握基本的交传口译技巧，如记忆、笔记、综述、信息的快速分析、数字转换、连贯表达等;掌握不同口译场合所需的口译策略;轻松完成基本的商务口译任务，如外贸谈判、投资洽谈、会展口译、礼仪口译、旅游口译、联络陪同口译等。

三、教学目标通过本课程学习，使学生具备如下能力：1、本课程旨在培养学生对翻译工作的认识，了解翻译基础理论和英、汉两种语言的异同，掌握英汉两种语言互相转换的规律，掌握翻译的基本技巧，并能胜任普通的笔译工作。

2、学生通过一学期的学习和训练，能基本掌握英汉语言的显著差异，能够在达意、准确、连贯和忠实四个层面不断提高笔译水平；能够针对不同本文语境，流畅地进行汉英英汉双向，尤其是汉英笔译工作。

3、通过本课程的学习，要求学生能运用翻译理论和技巧将英美报刊文章及文学作品译成汉语，或将我国报刊、杂志上的文章或一般文学作品译成英语，翻译速度为每小时450 个英文单词左右，译文忠实于原著，语义流畅。

四、课程目标对毕业要求的支撑五、教学内容第1 章Going Global and Translation （支撑课程目标2、3）重点内容：翻译助力“走出去”的意义、条件、方法难点内容：中国文化走出去，翻译如何行教学内容：1、走出去的困惑2、名家推荐3、翻译思维4、跨文化交际意识5、翻译职业意识第2章Lexical Selection （支撑课程目标1、2、3）重点内容：词义选择难点内容：语篇中的词义选择教学内容：1、词语的意义2、语境意义3、搭配意义4^原型意义5、翻译评析第 3 章Variety of Translation重点内容：一词多义的翻译难点内容：语篇中的一词多义现象教学内容：1、汉语词语翻译的多样性2、汉语成语翻译的多样性3、汉语句子翻译的多样性4、翻译评析（TEM8）第 4 章Equivalence重点内容：对等译法难点内容：意义对等而非形式对等教学内容：1、警惕“假朋友”2、语境辨析与逻辑常识3、成语的对等译4、谚语的对等译6、翻译评析第 5 章Amplification, Reduction重点内容：增词与删减难点内容：增词与删减策略的语篇运用教学内容：1、出于语法需要的增词2、出于语义与修辞需要的增词3、范畴词删减4、语义重复的删减第 6 章Transproperty重点内容：词类转换难点内容：转性译法的运用教学内容：1、汉语动词转移2、汉语名词转移3、汉语形容词或副词转移4、翻译评析第7 章Hypotaxis & Parotaxis重点内容：意合与形合难点内容：意合向形合的转换教学内容：（支撑课程目标1、2）（支撑课程目标1、2、3）（支撑课程目标1、2）（支撑课程目标1、2）（支撑课程目标1、2、3）1、汉语意合的特点2、意合的实现手段4、英语形合的特点5、形合的实现手段6、翻译评析第8 章Documentary Translation （支撑课程目标2、3）重点内容：讲好中国故事，再议文献翻译难点内容：逻辑、严谨、选词教学内容：1、当今时代的中国故事2、译文的严谨性3、译文的逻辑性4、斟酌选词留有余地5、头重脚轻与头轻脚重六、教学安排该课程每周2学时，16周，16学时为课堂授课教学时间，16学时为课内实践教学（模拟口译、小组演练、同行评议）时间。

英语专业八级翻译技巧专八翻译技巧正译法和反译法：这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。

所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成。

所谓反译那么是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。

正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。

因此比拟地道。

如：(1)在美国，人人都能买到枪。

In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译)(2)你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。

You can obtain this information on the Inter. (正译) This information is aessible/available on the Inter. (反译)(3)他突然想到了一个新主意。

Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译)He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译)A new idea suddenly ourred to/struck him. (反译)(4)他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。

He still could not understand me. (正译)Still he failed to understand me. (反译)(5)无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。

She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译)She is anything but a bright student. (反译)(6)Please withhold the document for the time being.请暂时扣下这份文件。

(正译)请暂时不要发这份文件。

大学英语基础阶段《翻译》课程教学大纲课程编号：06课程名称：大学英语翻译课程类别：选修学分：2总学时：32新的《大学英语教学大纲》对学生的英汉互译能力提出了具体而明确的要求。

在基础阶段，要求学生“能借助词典将难度略低于课文的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意，译速为每小时300英语单词。

能借助词典将内容熟悉的汉语文字材料译成英语，译文达意，无重大语言错误，译速为每小时250汉字。

”在高级阶段，要求学生“能借助词典将难度略低于课文的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意，译速为每小时350个英语单词。

能借助词典将内容熟悉的汉语文字翻译成英语，译文达意，无重大语言错误，译速为每小时300汉字。

”按照此要求，在大学英语教学中开设翻译课是非常有必要的。

一、教学对象本大纲的教学对象为高等学校非英语专业的高年级本科生。

在学习翻译课程之前，他们应已掌握基本的语音和语法知识，领会式掌握4200个单词（其中复用式掌握的单词为2500个）以及由这些词构成的词组和短语。

二、教学目的和要求翻译课的目的就是能顺应时代的要求，培养和提高学生的实际翻译能力和理论素养，使学生在翻译题材熟悉，难度适中的英汉语语篇时，做到在内容上忠实于原文，表达上通顺流畅。

三、教学内容：1．翻译的重要性2．翻译的标准2．1 严复的“信，达，雅”2．2 钱钟书的“化境”2．3 奈达的“等效论”2．4 辜正坤的“多元互补”2．5 刘重德的“信，达，切”2．6 大学英语教学中翻译的标准：忠实、通顺、艺术性3．翻译的性质：3．1 翻译与创作的区别3．2 翻译的性质：再现原文语篇的信息4．翻译方法：4．1 直译与意译的区别4．2 直译为主，意译为辅，直意结合，灵活运用5．翻译过程：5．1 分析——透过原文表层结构，抓住其深层的信息5．2 传译——用目的语将原语所表达的信息转述出来5．3 重组——按译语的规则重新组织译文，做到通顺流畅5．4 检验——检验译文是否做到忠实、通顺6．翻译腔及其对策：6．1 什么是翻译腔6．2 翻译腔的根源6．3 如何克服翻译腔7．英汉语言的差异与翻译：7．1 英语的形合与汉语的意合7．2 英语的静态与汉语的动态7．3 英语被动意义的显性特征与汉语的隐性被动与中动的区别7．4 英语复句的多层次性和汉语复句的单层次性7．5 英语的直线思维与汉语的螺旋形思维8．中西文化的差异与翻译9．翻译技巧：9．1 增词法 9.2 减词法9．3 省略法 9.4 改变词类9．5 调整词序 9.6 正反、反正表达法9．7 拆句法与合句法10．翻译单位：10．1 以句子为单位 10.2 以段落为单位10．3 以语篇为单位11．教学内容的设计：11．1 翻译理论的介绍11．2 名家名译赏析11．3 分项训练四、教学安排翻译课为选修课，为期一学期。

《实用英汉互译》课程标准1.课程说明《实用英汉互译》课程标准课程编码〔20030038/20030039〕承担单位〔外国语学院〕制定〔〕制定日期〔2022年10月20日〕审核〔专业指导委员会〕审核日期〔〕批准〔二级学院（部）〕批准日期〔〕（1）课程性质：本门课程是英语教育专业的基础阶段专业选修课程。

《实用英汉互译》在英语专业二年级开设一学年，每周2学时，共开设30周，是我院英语专业翻译方向的主干课程，是翻译方向其他相关课程的基础课和先修课，处于方向课程群的中心，同时也是英语专业其他方向课程群中的专业技能单项训练课程。

本课程属于理论与实践紧密结合的课程。

其中，在课程内容上大体为翻译理论与实践26学时，实用文本翻译24学时，授课过程中穿插英译汉和汉译英，大体各占一半学时。

教学内容重点强调译员职业素质的培养，在翻译方法与技巧及汉英语言对比与翻译的讲授中，配合多种实用文本的翻译方法和练习，将教师讲解译例、课堂练习讲评、学生课下练习与小组合作评价相结合；除此，还安排8学时讲授计算机辅助翻译与应用、工具书的选择与应用、变译与回译、译员职业实务等翻译实务操作技能，使学生全面了解和掌握翻译职业从业的初步知识与技能。

（2）课程任务：主要针对英语相关等岗位开设，主要任务是培养学生在口笔译岗位的翻译能力，要求学生掌握笔译方法和技巧、笔译业务方面的基本技能。

（3）课程衔接：在课程设置上，前导课程有综合英语、英语阅读、英语语法、英语词汇、英语写作等，后续课程有翻译专业其它课程。

2.学习目标总目标本课程的总目标是使学生具备笔头翻译的基本能力。

通过介绍翻译方法与技巧、汉英两种语言的对比分析以及各类实用文本语言的特点和翻译方法，使学生初步具备英汉互译的能力，了解译员职业，能够基本胜任实用文本翻译工作。

能将中等难度的英语篇章或段落译成汉语，译文准确，忠实原文，语言通顺流畅，速度为每小时250-300个英语单词；能将中等难度的汉语篇章或段落译成英语，速度为每小时150-200个汉字。

英语中文互译
英语中文互译是指将英文和中文两种语言相互转换的过程。

以下是英语中文互译的示例：
1.将英文短句“I love you”翻译成中文为“我爱你”。

2.将中文长句“她穿着一件红色的连衣裙，看起来非常漂亮”翻译成英文为
“She is wearing a red dress and looks very pretty”。

3.将英文段落翻译成中文，如：“He is a doctor and she is a teacher. They
have a happy family with two children.”翻译为中文为：“他是医生，她是老师。

他们拥有一个幸福的家庭，有两个孩子。

”
总结：英语中文互译是两种语言之间的转换过程，涉及到词汇、语法、文化背景等多个方面的知识。

在翻译过程中，需要考虑到语言的特点和习惯表达方式，尽可能准确、流畅地传达原文的意思。

新标准大学英语综合教程1课后参考翻译Unit 1英译汉：T oday, a gap year refers mostly to a year taken before starting university or college. During their gap year, American students either engage in advanced academic courses or do some volunteer work to improve their knowledge, maturity, decision-making, leadership, independence, self-sufficiency and more, thus improving their résumés before going to college. British and European students, however, take a much more holiday-style approach to the gap year by generally working for 3–6 months and then travelling around the world before college begins. This is intended to expand their minds, personal confidence, experiences and interests prior to college. It is a much less structured approach than taken in the United States, and is generally viewed by parents as a formative year for young adults to become independent and learn a great deal of responsibility prior to engaging in university life.参考译文：如今，间隔年最为普遍的含义是指上大学前的一年。

专八翻译 - 英译汉 英语专业八级考试（TEM-8）解析TEM-8 专业八级考试构成•听力部分（20%）：含10%迷你演讲+5%对话+5%新闻 •阅读部分（20%）：四篇精读 •人文知识部分（10%）：含10道选择题 •改错部分（10%）：含10道改错题•翻译部分（20%）：含10%中译英+10%英译中 •写作部分（20%）：一篇文章考试流程•8:15进考场，发草稿纸，试卷，答题卡。

•先做听力(25分钟)第一部分 MINI-LECTURE，放录音，学生先在草稿纸上做笔记，等放音完毕，发答题纸(ANSWER SHEET ONE)答题。

•10分钟后收听力试卷；•听力第二部分INTERVIEW和NEWS BROADCAST，以及阅读、人文知识。

•65分钟后第二次收卷(收答题卡)，发改错试卷；•15分钟后第三次收卷(收改错试卷)。

•然后发翻译答题纸，做翻译；•60分钟后收翻译卷发作文答题纸，开始写作。

•45分钟后收作文答题纸，草稿纸，试卷，考试完毕。

●一个真实案例：啥是真正的“翻译”?●有图没有真相：啥是错误的“伪翻译”?例子1：啥是真正的“翻译”–A: Will you attend the meeting this afternoon?–B: Will a duck swim?结论1：翻译就是要根据上下文推理出其真实的意思，才能使翻译更忠实作者的表达意图。

→ “信”•练习：①If you ever think he is lazy, think again. A:如果你认为他懒的话，再想一想吧 B:如果你认为他懒的话，那你就错了。

②When I say Chinese food, I mean Chinese food. A. 当我说中国菜时，我是指中国菜。

B. 当我说中国菜时，我说的是正宗的中国菜。

①昨天看电影没买到好票。

A. I didn ’t buy a good ticket for yesterday’s film. B. I didn ’t buy a good seat for yesterday ’s film.②他听完，心里一跳，脸色变了。

UNIT41. Think for a moment about your own life — the activities of your day, the possessions you enjoy, the surroundings in which you live. Is there anything you don’t have at this moment that you would like to have? Anything that you have, but that you would like more of? If your answer is “no,” then congratulations — either you are well advanced on the path of Zen self-denial, or else you are a close relative of Ted Turner . The rest of us, however, would benefit from an increase in our material standard of living. This simple truth is at the very core of economics. It can be restated this way: we all face the problem of scarcity.2 Almost everything in your daily life is scarce. You would benefit from a larger room or apartment, so you have a scarcity of space. You have only two pairs of shoes and could use a third for hiking; you have a scarcity of shoes. You would love to take a trip to Chicago, but it is difficult for you to find the time or the money to go — trips to Chicago are scarce.3 Because of scarcity, each of us is forced to make choices. We must allocate our scarce time to different activities: work, play, education, sleep, shopping, and more. We must allocate our scarce spending power among different goods and services: food, furniture, movies, long-distance phone calls, and many others.4 Economists study the choices we make as individuals and how those choices shape our economy. For example, the goods that each of us decides to buy ultimately determine which goods business firms will produce. This, in turn, explains which firms and industries will hire new workers and which will lay them off.5. Economists also study the more subtle and indirect effects of individual choice on our society. Will most Americans continue to live in houses, or — like Europeans will most of us end up in apartments? Will we have an educated and well-informed citizenry? Will museums and libraries be forced to close down? Will traffic congestion in our cities continue to worsen, or is there relief in sight? These questions hinge, in large part, on the separate decisions of millions of people. To answer them requires an understanding of how people make choices under conditions of scarcity.6. Think for a moment about the goals of our society. We want a high standard of living for all citizens: clean air, safe streets, and good schools. What is holding us back from accomplishing all of these goals in a way that would satisfy everyone? You probably already know the answer: scarcity. 1. 想一想你的生活：你每天从事的活动，你所拥有的财产，你所居住的环境。