复杂数字 Complex_Number

数学复数第一章的知识点总结Complex numbers are a fundamental concept in mathematics, extending the idea of real numbers to include imaginary numbers. These numbers are expressed in the form a + bi, where a is the real part and bi is the imaginary part. Complex numbers are crucial in many areas of mathematics, including algebra, calculus, and differential equations. They also have practical applications in physics, engineering, and computer science.复数是数学中的一个基本概念，将实数的概念扩展到包括虚数。

这些数字以a+bi的形式表示，其中a是实部，bi是虚部。

复数在数学的许多领域中至关重要，包括代数、微积分和微分方程。

它们在物理学、工程学和计算机科学中也具有实际应用。

One key property of complex numbers is the ability to represent them geometrically. The complex plane, also known as the Argand diagram, is a two-dimensional plane where the x-axis represents the real part of a complex number and the y-axis represents the imaginary part. Each complex number can be plotted as a point onthe complex plane, allowing for visual representation and understanding of complex numbers and operations.复数的一个关键特性是能够几何表示它们。

机算机发展史（一）1945年，由美国生产了第一台全自动电子数字计算机“埃尼阿克”(英文缩写词是ENIAC，即Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator，中文意思是电子数字积分器和计算器)。

它是美国奥伯丁武器试验场为了满足计算弹道需要而研制成的。

主要发明人是电气工程师普雷斯波·埃克特(J. Prespen Eckert)和物理学家约翰·莫奇勒博士(John W. Mauchly)。

这台计算机1946年2月交付使用，共服役9年。

它采用电子管作为计算机的基本元件，每秒可进行5000次加减运算。

它使用了18000只电子管，10000只电容，7000只电阻，体积3000立方英尺，占地170平方米，重量30吨，耗电140~150千瓦，是一个名副其实的“庞然大物”。

ENIAC机的问世具有划时代的意义，表明计算机时代的到来，在以后的40多年里，计算机技术发展异常迅速，在人类科技史上还没有一种学科可以与电子计算机的发展速度相提并论。

下面介绍各代计算机的硬件结构及系统的特点：一、第一代(1946~1958)：电子管数字计算机计算机的逻辑元件采用电子管，主存储器采用汞延迟线、磁鼓、磁芯；外存储器采用磁带；软主要采用机器语言、汇编语言；应用以科学计算为主。

其特点是体积大、耗电大、可靠性差、价格昂贵、维修复杂，但它奠定了以后计算机技术的基础。

二、第二代(1958~1964)：晶体管数字计算机晶体管的发明推动了计算机的发展，逻辑元件采用了晶体管以后，计算机的体积大大缩小，耗电减少，可靠性提高，性能比第一代计算机有很大的提高。

主存储器采用磁芯，外存储器已开始使用更先进的磁盘；软件有了很大发展，出现了各种各样的高级语言及其编译程序，还出现了以批处理为主的操作系统，应用以科学计算和各种事务处理为主，并开始用于工业控制。

三、第三代(1964~1971)：集成电路数字计算机20世纪60年代，计算机的逻辑元件采用小、中规模集成电路(SSI、MSI)，计算机的体积更小型化、耗电量更少、可靠性更高，性能比第十代计算机又有了很大的提高，这时，小型机也蓬勃发展起来，应用领域日益扩大。

natural number 自然数positive number 正数negative number 负数odd integer, odd number 奇数even integer, even number 偶数integer, whole number 整数positive whole number 正整数negative whole number 负整数consecutive number 连续整数real number 实数rational number, quotient number 有理数irrational number 无理数inverse number of x x的倒数imaginary number 虚数complex number 复数composite number 合数common divisor 公约数multiple 倍数(least) common multiple (最小)公倍数(prime) factor (质)因子common factor 公因子ordinary scale，decimal scale 十进制binary system 二进制数码codedigital 数字digitally 数位units 个位tens 十位hundredfold position 百位nonnegative 非负的mode 众数median 中数common ratio 公比percentage 百分比prime number 质数consecutive number 连续整数consecutive even(odd) integer 连续偶（奇）数constant 常数quarter, one forth四分之一decimal 小数Recurring decimal 循环小数decimal point 小数点decimal fraction 纯小数mixed decimal 混合小数cardinal 基数Ordinal number 序数square 正方形rectangle 长方形quadrilateral 四边形parallelogram 平行四边形rhombus 菱形trapezoid 梯形polygon 多边形regular polygon 正多边形cube 立方体rectangular solid 长方体regular solid 正多面体diagonal 对角线circular cylinder 圆柱体cone 圆锥sphere 球体solid 立体的bisect 平分angle bisector 角平分线chord 弦side 边长perimeter 周长endpoint 端点midpoint 中点surface area 表面积whole area 全面积volume 体积perpendicular 垂直congruent 全等的similar 相似的symmetrical 对称的vertex (复数形式vertices)顶点three-view drawing 三视图left view drawing 左视图platform drawing 俯视图front view drawing 主视图。

ACT数学常用词汇integer 整数positive integer 正整数negative integer 负整数a 3-digit positive integer 一个三位正整数whole number 自然数odd number 奇数even number 偶数fraction 分数、比重numerator 分子denominator 分母improper fraction 假分数mixed number 带分数ratio 比率、比值proportion 比例be proportional to 成正比例varies directly with 成正比例be inversely proportional to 成反比例varies indirectly with 成反比例percent 百分比30 percent off 打7折rational number 有理数irrational number 无理数real number 实数absolute value 绝对值number line 数轴factor 因数greatest common factor 最大公因数multiple 倍数least common multiple 最小公倍数square 平方、正方形square root 平方根perfect square number 完全平方数cube 立方、正方体cubic root 立方根decimal 小数tenths 十分位round to the tens number 保留十分位的小数hundredths number 百分位数字scientific notation 科学计数法prime number 质数prime factor 质因数sum 和difference 差product乘积quotient 商A is added toB A加上BA is subtracted fromB B减去A A is multiplied by B A乘上BA is divided byB A除以BA is divided intoB B除以AA is divisible byB A能够被B整除imaginary number 虚数complex number 复数exponents 指数power 幂base 底logarithm 对数variable 变量sequence 数列arithmetic sequence 等差数列geometric sequence 几何数列matrix 矩阵determinant 行列式vector 向量unit vector 单位向量parallel vectors 平行向量collinear vectors 共线向量polynomial 多项式constant 常数coefficient 系数equation 方程system of equations 方程组inequality 不等式solution 解linear equation 线性方程quadratic equation 二次方程3 times as many/much A as B A=3B2 more than3 times A 比A的3倍多了2 the least possible value 可能的值里最小的那个exceed by 超过多少differ by 相差多少be increased/decreased by 增加了/减少了多少function 函数input 自变量output 因变量domain 定义域range 值域composite function 复合函数linear function 一次函数quadratic function 二次函数axis of symmetry 对称轴vertex 顶点复数形式是vertices polynomial function 多项式函数rational function 有理函数exponential function 指数函数logarithmic function 对数函数trigonometric function 三角函数amplitude 振幅period 周期inverse trigonometric function 反三角函数statement 命题、陈述negation 否定contrapositive statement 逆否命题indirect proof 反证法set 集合Venn diagram 韦恩图equivalent 相等的、等价的foot 英尺inch 英寸penny/cent 美分dime 十美分nickel 五美分quarter 25美分line segment 线段mean 平均值mode 众数median 中位数weighted mean 加权平均值stem-and-leaf plot 茎叶图box plot 箱线图permutation 排列数combination 组合数probability 概率random 任意的、随机的independent 独立的regression 回归。

算术的基础词汇对照表和sum差difference积product商quotient加法addition减法subtraction乘法multiplication除法division余数remainder符号sign实数real number整数integers自然数natural numbers有理数rational number无理数irrational number分数fractions分子numerator分母denominator正positive负negative零zero无限大infinity复素数complex number复素平面complex plane实数部real part虚数部imaginary part绝対值absolute value, modulus 总和summation定数constant系数coefficient变量variable函数function演算operation平方square(d)立方cube(d)平方根square root立方根cubic root乘power比率ratio比例proportional (to)方程式equation根、解root, solution等式equality不等式inequality右边right-hand side左边left-hand side等于equal to大于（小于）greater than ～(less than ～)～以上（以下）greater than or equal to ～(less than or equal to ～)无限infinite有限finite输入input输出output代入substitute变换transform存在exist假定assume证明prove分析analyze代数演算的词汇对照线性演算linear operation因数factor因数分解factorization因数分解factorize对数logarithm对数的底base一次結合linear combination一维空间one-dimensional spaceｎ维空间n-dimensional space向量空间vector space维数dimension次数degree欧几里得空间Euclidean space非线性non-linear非齐次inhomogeneous复数平面complex plane齐次函数homogeneous function联立方程式simultaneous equations矩阵matrix （[pl.] matrices）行row列column逆矩阵matrix inverse矩阵转置transpose of matrix线性无关linearly independent线性相关linearly dependent特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特征值问题eigenvalue problem行列式determinant迹trace阶数rank对角矩阵diagonal matrix对角元素diagonal elements非对角元素off-diagonal elements对角化diagonalize成员component内积inner product微积分、解析词汇对照连续函数continuous function微分differentiate微分differential可微分differentiable微分算子differential operator差分difference导数derived function, derivative微分方程differential equation常微分方程ordinary differential equation偏微分方程partial differential equation微分方程组simultaneous differential equations 平凡解general solution特殊解particular solution拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier常数项constant term积分integrate积分integral可积integrable不定积分indefinite integral定积分definite integral任意常数arbitrary constant展开expandMaclaurin展开Maclaurin expansionTaylor展开Taylor expansion极大值maximal value极小值minimal value最大值maximum ([pl. ] maxima)最小值minimum （[pl. ] minima)测度measure可测measurable函数的functional拓扑词汇对照拓扑topology・相对拓扑relative topology・弱拓扑weak topology・离散拓扑discrete topology扩张extension限制restriction分离公理separation axiom求和公理axiom of countability可数集合countable set范数norm距离metric, distance距离空间metric space收敛converge・一致收敛uniform（ly）・逐点收敛pointwise发散diverge闭集合closed set开集合open set闭包closure极限点point of closure内点inner point邻域neighborhood过滤器filter局部locally极限limit基本列fundamental sequence Cauchy列Cauchy sequence子列subsequence连续continuous・一致连续uniformly continuous・同等连续equicontinuous紧compact紧化compactification有限交性finite intersection property 有限覆盖finite covering一致uniformly完备complete上界upper bound下界lower bound有界bounded全有界totally bounded上限least upper bound(L.U.B.), supremum (sup) 下限greatest lower bound(G.L.B.), infimum (inf) 稠密dense可分separable连接connectedHilbert空间Hilbert spaceBanach空间Banach space同胚homeomorphic数学的一般理论词汇英文对照科学science算术arithmetic几何学geometry代数algebra微积分calculus解析学analysis概率论probability theory统计学statistics方法method分析analysis逻辑logic理论theory定义definition命题proposition假说hypothesis公理axiom要件postulate定理theorem证明proof假定assumption结论conclusion证明终止Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrundum)引理lemma系corollary反例counter-example反证法reductio ad absurdum对偶contraposition逆converse恒等式identity英语文献常用词及其缩写Abstracts Abstr. 文摘Abbreviation 缩语和略语Acta 学报Advances 进展Annals Anna. 纪事Annual Annu. 年鉴，年度Semi-Annual 半年度Annual Review 年评Appendix Appx 附录Archives 文献集Association Assn 协会Author 作者Bibliography 书目，题录Biological Abstract BA 生物学文摘Bulletin 通报，公告Chemical Abstract CA 化学文摘Citation Cit 引文，题录Classification 分类，分类表College Coll. 学会，学院Compact Disc-Read Only Memory CD-ROM 只读光盘Company Co. 公司Content 目次Co-term 配合词，共同词Cross-references 相互参见Digest 辑要，文摘Directory 名录，指南Dissertations Diss. 学位论文Edition Ed. 版次Editor Ed. 编者、编辑Excerpta Medica EM 荷兰《医学文摘》Encyclopedia 百科全书The Engineering Index Ei 工程索引Et al 等等European Patent Convertion EPC 欧洲专利协定Federation 联合会Gazette 报，公报Guide 指南Handbook 手册Heading 标题词Illustration Illus. 插图Index 索引Cumulative Index 累积索引Index Medicus IM 医学索引Institute Inst. 学会、研究所International Patent Classification IPC 国际专利分类法International Standard Book Number ISBN 国际标准书号International Standard Series Number ISSN 国际标准刊号Journal J. 杂志、刊Issue 期（次）Keyword 关键词Letter Let. 通讯、读者来信List 目录、一览表Manual 手册Medical Literature Analysis and MADLARS 医学文献分析与检索系统Retrieval SystemMedical Subject Headings MeSH 医学主题词表Note 札记Papers 论文Patent Cooperation Treaty PCT 国际专利合作条约Precision Ratio 查准率Press 出版社Procceedings Proc. 会报、会议录Progress 进展Publication Publ. 出版物Recall Ratio 查全率Record 记录、记事Report 报告、报导Review 评论、综述Sciences Abstracts SA 科学文摘Section Sec. 部分、辑、分册See also 参见Selective Dissemination of Information SDI 定题服务Seminars 专家讨论会文集Series Ser. 丛书、辑Society 学会Source 来源、出处Subheadings 副主题词Stop term 禁用词Subject 主题Summary 提要Supplement Suppl. 附刊、增刊Survey 概览Symposium Symp. 专题学术讨论会Thesaurus 叙词表、词库Title 篇名、刊名、题目Topics 论题、主题Transactions 学报、汇刊Volume Vol. 卷World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO 世界知识产权World Patent Index WPI 世界专利索引Yearbook 年鉴一般词汇数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand, faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于is greater than小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than运算符operator数字digit数number自然数natural number整数integer小数decimal小数点decimal point分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimal system二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimal system权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificant digit代数algebra公式formula, formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power开方evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根square root三次方根，立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n次方根the root of n, the nth root集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field of definition 值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral有理数rational number 无理数irrational number 实数real number虚数imaginary number 复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角right angle钝角obtuse angle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形right triangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形obtuse triangle不等边三角形scalene triangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle等边三角形equilateral triangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形right trapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid 五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon 圆circle圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE) 半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus, loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped 立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron 十二面体dodecahedron 二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustum of a prism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustum of a cone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surface area体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割arc cosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE) 重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE) 内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weighted average方差variance标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normal distribution非正态分布abnormal distribution图表graph条形统计图bar graph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken line graph曲线统计图curve diagram扇形统计图pie diagram高等数学词汇Aabbreviation 简写符号；简写absolute error 绝对误差absolute value 绝对值accuracy 准确度acute angle 锐角acute-angled triangle 锐角三角形add 加addition 加法addition formula 加法公式addition law 加法定律addition law(of probability) （概率）加法定律additive property 可加性adjacent angle 邻角adjacent side 邻边algebra 代数algebraic 代数的algebraic equation 代数方程algebraic expression 代数式algebraic fraction 代数分式；代数分数式algebraic inequality 代数不等式algebraic operation 代数运算alternate angle （交）错角alternate segment 交错弓形altitude 高；高度；顶垂线；高线ambiguous case 两义情况；二义情况amount 本利和；总数analysis 分析；解析analytic geometry 解析几何angle 角angle at the centre 圆心角angle at the circumference 圆周角angle between a line and a plane 直?与平面的交角angle between two planes 两平面的交角angle bisection 角平分angle bisector 角平分线?；分角线?angle in the alternate segment 交错弓形的圆周角angle in the same segment 同弓形内的圆周角angle of depression 俯角angle of elevation 仰角angle of greatest slope 最大斜率的角angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of intersection 相交角；交角angle of rotation 旋转角angle of the sector 扇形角angle sum of a triangle 三角形内角和angles at a point 同顶角annum(X% per annum) 年（年利率X%）anti-clockwise direction 逆时针方向；返时针方向anti-logarithm 逆对数；反对数anti-symmetric 反对称approach 接近；趋近approximate value 近似值approximation 近似；略计；逼近Arabic system 阿刺伯数字系统arbitrary 任意arbitrary constant 任意常数arc 弧arc length 弧长arc-cosine function 反余弦函数arc-sin function 反正弦函数arc-tangent function 反正切函数area 面积arithmetic 算术arithmetic mean 算术平均；等差中顶；算术中顶arithmetic progression 算术级数；等差级数arithmetic sequence 等差序列arithmetic series 等差级数arm 边arrow 前号ascending order 递升序ascending powers of X X 的升幂associative law 结合律assumed mean 假定平均数assumption 假定；假设average 平均；平均数；平均值average speed 平均速率axiom 公理axis 轴axis of parabola 拋物线的轴axis of symmetry 对称轴Bback substitution 回代bar chart 棒形图；条线图；条形图；线条图base （1）底；（2）基；基数base angle 底角base area 底面base line 底线?base number 底数；基数base of logarithm 对数的底bearing 方位（角）；角方向（角）bell-shaped curve 钟形图bias 偏差；偏倚binary number 二进数binary operation 二元运算binary scale 二进法binary system 二进制binomial 二项式binomial expression 二项式bisect 平分；等分bisection method 分半法；分半方法bisector 等分线?；平分线? boundary condition 边界条件boundary line 界（线）；边界bounded 有界的bounded above 有上界的；上有界的bounded below 有下界的；下有界的bounded function 有界函数brace 大括号bracket 括号breadth 阔度broken line graph 折线图Ccalculation 计算calculator 计算器；计算器cancel 消法；相消canellation law 消去律capacity 容量Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标Cartesian plane 笛卡儿平面category 类型；范畴central line 中线?central tendency 集中趋centre 中心；心centre of a circle 圆心centroid 形心；距心certain event 必然事件chance 机会change of base 基的变换change of subject 主项变换change of variable 换元；变量的换chart 图；图表checking 验算chord 弦chord of contact 切点弦circle 圆circular 圆形；圆的circular function 圆函数；三角函数circular measure 弧度法circumcentre 外心；外接圆心circumcircle 外接圆circumference 圆周circumradius 外接圆半径circumscribed circle 外接圆class 区；组；类class boundary 组界class interval 组区间；组距class limit 组限；区限class mark 组中点；区中点classification 分类clnometer 测斜仪clockwise dirction 顺时针方向closed convex region 闭凸区域closed interval 闭区间coefficient 系数coincide 迭合；重合collection of terms 并项collinear 共线?collinear planes 共线面column (1)列；纵行；(2) 柱combination 组合common chord 公弦common denominator 同分母；公分母common difference 公差common divisor 公约数；公约common factor 公因子；公因子common logarithm 常用对数common multiple 公位数；公倍common ratio 公比common tangetn 公切? commutative law 交换律comparable 可比较的compass 罗盘compass bearing 罗盘方位角compasses 圆规compasses construction 圆规作图complement 余；补余complementary angle 余角complementary event 互补事件complementary probability 互补概率completing the square 配方complex number 复数complex root 复数根composite number 复合数；合成数compound bar chart 综合棒形图compound discount 复折扣compound interest 复利；复利息computation 计算computer 计算机；电子计算器concave 凹concave downward 凹向下的concave polygon 凹多边形concave upward 凹向上的concentric circles 同心圆concept 概念conclusion 结论concurrent 共点concyclic 共圆concyclic points 共圆点condition 条件conditional 条件句；条件式cone 锥；圆锥（体）congruence (1)全等；(2)同余congruent 全等congruent figures 全等图形congruent triangles 全等三角形cconjugate 共轭consecutive integers 连续整数consecutive numbers 连续数；相邻数consequence 结论；推论consequent 条件；后项consistency condition 相容条件consistent 一贯的；相容的constant 常数constant speed 恒速率constant term 常项constraint 约束；约束条件construct 作construction 作图construction of equation 方程的设立continued proportion 连比例continued ratio 连比continuous 连续的continuous data 连续数据continuous function 连续函数continuous proportion 连续比例contradiction 矛盾converse 逆(定理)converse theorem 逆定理conversion 转换convex 凸convex polygon 凸多边形coordinate 坐标coordinate geometry 解析几何；坐标几何coordinate system 坐标系系定理；系；推论correct to 准确至；取值至correspondence 对应corresponding angles (1)同位角；(2)对应角corresponding sides 对应边cosine 余弦cosine formula 余弦公式cost price 成本counter clockwise direction 逆时针方向；返时针方向counter example 反例counting 数数；计数criterion 准则critical point 临界点cross-multiplication 交叉相乘cross-section 横切面；横截面；截痕cube 正方体；立方；立方体cube root 立方根cubic 三次方；立方；三次(的)cubic equation 三次方程cuboid 长方体；矩体cumulative 累积的cumulative frequecy 累积频数；累积频率cumulative frequency curve 累积频数曲?cumulative frequcncy distribution 累积频数分布cumulative frequency polygon 累积频数多边形；累积频率直方图curve 曲线?curve sketching 曲线描绘(法)curve tracing 曲线描迹(法)curved line 曲线?curved surface 曲面curved surface area 曲面面积cyclic quadrilateral 圆内接四边形cylinder 柱；圆柱体cylindrical 圆柱形的Ddata 数据decagon 十边形decay 衰变decay factor 衰变因子decimal 小数decimal place 小数位decimal point 小数点decimal system 十进制decrease 递减decreasing function 递减函数；下降函数decreasing sequence 递减序列；下降序列decreasing series 递减级数；下降级数decrement 减量deduce 演绎deduction 推论deductive reasoning 演绎推理definite 确定的；定的distance 距离distance formula 距离公式distinct roots 相异根distincr solution 相异解distribution 公布distrivutive law 分配律divide 除dividend (1)被除数；(2)股息divisible 可整除division 除法division algorithm 除法算式divisor 除数；除式；因子divisor of zero 零因子dodecagon 十二边形dot 点double root 二重根due east/ south/ west /north 向东/ 南/ 西/ 北definiton 定义degree (1)度；(2)次degree of a polynomial 多项式的次数degree of accuracy 准确度degree of precision 精确度delete 删除；删去denary number 十进数denary scale 十进法denary system 十进制denominator 分母dependence (1)相关；(2)应变dependent event(s) 相关事件；相依事件；从属事件dependent variable 应变量；应变数depreciation 折旧descending order 递降序descending powers of X X的降序detached coefficients 分离系数(法)deviation 偏差；变差deviation from the mean 离均差diagonal 对角?diagram 图；图表diameter 直径difference 差digit 数字dimension 量；量网；维(数)direct proportion 正比例direct tax, direct taxation 直接税direct variation 正变（分）directed angle 有向角directed number 有向数direction 方向；方位discontinuous 间断(的)；非连续(的)；不连续(的) discount 折扣discount per cent 折扣百分率discrete 分立；离散discrete data 离散数据；间断数据discriminant 判别式dispersion 离差displacement 位移disprove 反证Eedge 棱；边elimination 消法elimination method 消去法；消元法elongation 伸张；展empirical data 实验数据empirical formula 实验公式empirical probability 实验概率；经验概率enclosure 界限end point 端点entire surd 整方根equal 相等equal ratios theorem 等比定理equal roots 等根equality 等(式)equality sign 等号equation 方程equation in one unknown 一元方程equation in two unknowns(variables) 二元方程equation of a straight line 直线方程equation of locus 轨迹方程equiangular 等角(的)extreme value 极值equidistant 等距(的)equilaeral 等边(的)equilateral polygon 等边多边形equilateral triangle 等边三角形equivalent 等价(的)error 误差escribed circle 旁切圆estimate 估计；估计量Euler's formula 尤拉公式；欧拉公式evaluate 计值even function 偶函数even number 偶数evenly distributed 均匀分布的event 事件exact 真确exact solution 准确解；精确解；真确解exact value 法确解；精确解；真确解example 例excentre 外心exception 例外excess 起exclusive 不包含exclusive events 互斥事件exercise 练习expand 展开expand form 展开式expansion 展式expectation 期望expectation value, expected value 期望值；预期值experiment 实验；试验experimental 试验的experimental probability 实验概率exponent 指数express…in terms of….. 以………表达expression 式；数式extension 外延；延长；扩张；扩充exterior angle 外角external angle bisector 外分角?external point of division 外分点extreme point 极值点Fface 面factor 因子；因式；商factor method 因式分解法factor theorem 因子定理；因式定理factorial 阶乘factorization 因子分解；因式分解factorization of polynomial 多项式因式分解FALSE 假(的)feasible solution 可行解；容许解Fermat’s last theorem 费尔马最后定理Fibonacci number 斐波那契数；黄金分割数Fibonacci sequence 斐波那契序列fictitious mean 假定平均数figure (1)图(形)；(2)数字finite 有限finite population 有限总体finite sequence 有限序列finite series 有限级数first quartile 第一四分位数first term 首项fixed deposit 定期存款fixed point 定点flow chart 流程图foot of perpendicular 垂足for all X 对所有Xfor each /every X 对每一Xform 形式；型formal proof 形式化的证明format 格式；规格formula(formulae) 公式four rules 四则four-figure table 四位数表fourth root 四次方根fraction 分数；分式fraction in lowest term 最简分数fractional equation 分式方程fractional index 分数指数fractional inequality 分式不等式free fall 自由下坠frequency 频数；频率frequency distribution 频数分布；频率分布frequency distribution table 频数分布表frequency polygon 频数多边形；频率多边形frustum 平截头体function 函数function of function 复合函数；迭函数functional notation 函数记号Ggain 增益；赚；盈利gain per cent 赚率；增益率；盈利百分率game （1）对策；（2）博奕general form 一般式；通式general solution 通解；一般解general term 通项geoborad 几何板geometric mean 几何平均数；等比中项geometric progression 几何级数；等比级数geometric sequence 等比序列geometric series 等比级数geometry 几何；几何学given 给定；已知golden section 黄金分割grade 等级gradient (1)斜率；倾斜率；(2)梯度grand total 总计graph 图像；图形；图表graph paper 图表纸graphical method 图解法graphical representation 图示；以图样表达graphical solution 图解greatest term 最大项greatest value 最大值grid lines 网网格线group 组；?grouped data 分组数据；分类数据grouping terms 并项；集项growth 增长growth factor 增长因子Hhalf closed interval 半闭区间half open interval 半开区间head 正面（钱币）height 高（度）hemisphere 半球体；半球heptagon 七边形Heron's formula 希罗公式hexagon 六边形higher order derivative 高阶导数highest common factor(H.C.F) 最大公因子；最高公因式；最高公因子Hindu-Arabic numeral 阿刺伯数字histogram 组织图；直方图；矩形图horizontal 水平的；水平horizontal line 横线?；水平线?hyperbola 双曲线?hypotenuse 斜边Iidentical 全等；恒等identity 等（式）identity relation 恒等关系式if and only if/iff 当且仅当；若且仅若if…., then 若….则；如果…..则illustration 例证；说明image 像点；像imaginary circle 虚圆imaginary number 虚数imaginary root 虚根implication 蕴涵式；蕴含式imply 蕴涵；蕴含impossible event 不可能事件improper fraction 假分数inclination 倾角；斜角inclined plane 斜面included angle 夹角included side 夹边inclusive 包含的；可兼的inconsistent 不相的(的)；不一致(的)increase 递增；增加increasing function 递增函数interior angles on the same side of the transversal 同旁内角interior opposite angle 内对角internal bisector 内分角?internal division 内分割internal point of division 内分点inter-quartile range 四分位数间距intersect 相交intersection (1)交集；(2)相交；(3)交点interval 区间intuition 直观invariance 不变性invariant (1)不变的；(2)不变量；不变式inverse 反的；逆的inverse circular function 反三角函数inverse cosine function 反余弦函数inverse function 反函数；逆函数inverse problem 逆算问题inverse proportion 反比例；逆比例inverse sine function 反正弦函数inverse tangent function 反正切函数inverse variation 反变(分)；逆变(分)irrational equation 无理方程irrational number 无理数irreducibility 不可约性irregular 不规则isosceles triangle 等腰三角形increasing sequence 递增序列increasing series 递增级数increment 增量independence 独立；自变independent event 独立事件independent variable 自变量；独立变量indeterminate (1)不定的；(2)不定元；未定元indeterminate coefficient 不定系数；未定系数indeterminate form 待定型；不定型index,indices 指数；指index notation 指数记数法inequality 不等式；不等inequality sign 不等号infinite 无限；无穷infinite population 无限总体infinite sequence 无限序列；无穷序列infinite series 无限级数；无穷级数infinitely many 无穷多infinitesimal 无限小；无穷小infinity 无限(大)；无穷(大)initial point 始点；起点initial side 始边initial value 初值；始值input 输入input box 输入inscribed circle 内切圆insertion 插入insertion of brackets 加括号instantaneous 瞬时的integer 整数integral index 整数指数integral solution 整数解integral value 整数值intercept 截距；截段intercept form 截距式intercept theorem 截线定理interchange 互换interest 利息interest rate 利率interest tax 利息税interior angle 内角Jjoint variation 联变(分)；连变(分)Kknown 己知LL.H.S. 末项law 律；定律law of indices 指数律；指数定律law of trichotomy 三分律leading coefficient 首项系数least common multiple, lowest common multiple (L.C.M) 最小公倍数；最低公倍式least value 最小值lemma 引理length 长(度)letter 文字；字母like surd 同类根式like terms 同类项limit 极限line 线；行line of best-fit 最佳拟合?line of greatest slope 最大斜率的直?；最大斜率?line of intersection 交线?line segment 线段linear 线性；一次linear equation 线性方程；一次方程linear equation in two unknowns 二元一次方程；二元线性方程linear inequality 一次不等式；线性不等式linear programming 线性规划literal coefficient 文字系数literal equation 文字方程load 负荷loaded coin 不公正钱币loaded die 不公正骰子locus, loci 轨迹logarithm 对数logarithmic equation 对数方程logarithmic function 对数函数logic 逻辑logical deduction 逻辑推论；逻辑推理logical step 逻辑步骤long division method 长除法loss 赔本；亏蚀loss per cent 赔率；亏蚀百分率lower bound 下界lower limit 下限lower quartile 下四分位数lowest common multiple(L.C.M) 最小公倍数Mmagnitude 量；数量；长度；大小major arc 优弧；大弧major axis 长轴major sector 优扇形；大扇形major segment 优弓形；大弓形mantissa 尾数mantissa of logarithm 对数的尾数；对数的定值部many-sided figure 多边形marked price 标价mathematical induction 数学归纳法mathematical sentence 数句mathematics 数学maximize 极大maximum absolute error 最大绝对误差maximum point 极大点maximum value 极大值mean 平均(值)；平均数；中数mean deviation 中均差；平均偏差measure of dispersion 离差的量度measurement 量度median (1)中位数；(2)中线?meet 相交；相遇mensuration 计量；求积法method 方法method of completing square 配方法method of substitution 代换法；换元法metric unit 十进制单位mid-point 中点mid-point formula 中点公式mid-point theorem 中点定理million 百万minimize 极小minimum point 极小点minimum value 极小值minor (1)子行列式；(2)劣；较小的minor arc 劣弧；小弧minor axis 短轴minor sector 劣扇形；小扇形minor segment 劣弓形；小弓形minus 减minute 分mixed number(fraction) 带分数modal class 众数组mode 众数model 模型monomial 单项式multinomial 多项式multiple 倍数multiple root 多重根multiplicand 被乘数multiplication 乘法multiplication law (of probability) (概率)乘法定律multiplicative property 可乘性multiplier 乘数；乘式multiply 乘mutually exclusive events 互斥事件mutually independent 独立; 互相独立mutually perpendicular lines 互相垂直?Nn factorial n阶乘n th root n次根；n次方根natural number 自然数negative 负negative angle 负角negative index 负指数negative integer 负整数negative number 负数neighborhood 邻域net 净(值)n-gon n边形nonagon 九边形non-collinear 不共线?non-linear 非线性non-linear equation 非线性方程non-negative 非负的non-trivial 非平凡的non-zero 非零normal (1)垂直的；正交的；法线的(2)正态的(3)正常的；正规的normal curve 正态分记?伲怀１分记?伲徽?媲?伲徽?忧?? normal distribution 正态分布，常态分布normal form 法线式notation 记法；记号number 数number line 数线?number pair 数偶number pattern 数型number plane 数平面number system 数系numeral 数字；数码numeral system 记数系统numerator 分子numerical 数值的；数字的numerical expression 数字式numerical method 计算方法；数值法Ooblique 斜的oblique cone 斜圆锥oblique triangle 斜三角形obtuse angle 钝角obtuse-angled triangle 钝角三角形octagon 八边形octahedron 八面体odd function 奇函数odd number 奇数one-one correspondence 一一对应open interval 开区间open sentence 开句operation 运算opposite angle 对角opposite interior angle 内对角opposite side 对边optimal solution 最优解order (1)序；次序；(2)阶；级ordered pair 序偶origin 原点outcome 结果output 输出overlap 交迭；相交Pparabola 拋物线?parallel 平行(的)parallel lines 平行(直线) parallelogram 平行四边形parameter 参数；参变量partial fraction 部分分数；分项分式polar coordinate system 极坐标系统polar coordinates 极坐标pole 极polygon 多边形polyhedron 多面体polynomial 多项式polynomial equation 多项式方程positive 正positive index 正指数positive integer 正整数positive number 正数power (1)幂；乘方；(2)功率；(3)检定力precise 精密precision 精确度prime 素prime factor 质因子；质因素prime number 素数；质数primitive (1)本原的；原始的；(2)原函数principal (1)主要的；(2)本金prism 梭柱(体)；角柱(体)prismoid 平截防庾短?probability 概率problem 应用题produce 延长product 乘积；积product rule 积法则profit 盈利profit per cent 盈利百分率profits tax 利得税progression 级数proof 证(题)；证明proper fraction 真分数property 性质property tax 物业税proportion 比例proportional 成比例protractor 量角器pyramid 棱锥(体)；角锥(体) Pythagoras’ Theorem 勾股定理Pythagorean triplet 毕氏三元数组partial sum 部分和partial variation 部分变(分) particular solution 特解Pascal’s triangle 帕斯卡斯三角形pattern 模型；规律pegboard 有孔版pentadecagon 十五边形pentagon 五边形per cent 百分率percentage 百分法；百分数percentage decrease 百分减少percentage error 百分误差percentage increase 百分增加percentile 百分位数perfect number 完全数perfecr square 完全平方perimeter 周长；周界period 周期periodic function 周期函数permutation 排列。

数学集合：NZQRC整数: Zahlen(德)复数： Complex number实数： Real number⾃然数: Natural number有理数: Quotient（德，"商"）整数集的Z是德⽂Zahlen（数字）的⾸字母有理数集的Q是英语/德语Quotient（商）的⾸字母，因为有理数都可以写成两整数的商实数R代表Real Number(实数)，复数的C代表Complex Number（复数）⾃然数N代表Natural Number（⾃然数）最早使⽤Z作为整数集的标记的数学家是朗道，⽤的是Z上加以横杠的记号，⽽最终确定以Z作为符号的是20世纪30年代法国的布尔巴基（⼀个数学家秘密会社），在他们的著作《代数》第⼀章中使⽤了这个符号。

（参考资料：Earliest Uses Of Symbols Of Number Theory）（摘⾃：）附：1.⽤Q表⽰有理数集:由于两个数相⽐的结果(商)叫做有理数，商英⽂是quotient，所以就⽤Q了2.⽤Z表⽰整数集: 这个涉及到⼀个德国⼥数学家对环理论的贡献，她叫诺特。

1920年，她已引⼊“左模”，“右模”的概念。

1921年写出的<<整环的理想理论>>是交换代数发展的⾥程碑。

其中，诺特在引⼊整数环概念的时候（整数集本⾝也是⼀个数环）。

她是德国⼈，德语中的整数叫做Zahlen，于是当时她将整数环记作Z，从那时候起整数集就⽤Z表⽰了。

3.⽤N表⽰⾃然数集:⾃然数：Natural number4.⽤R表⽰实数集：实数：Real number5.⽤C表⽰复数集：复数：Complex number。

大额数字的英文念法250000念成Two hundred and fifty thousand大额数字每三位一读，从小到大为：thousand, million, billion. 拿到一个数字，首先从个位开始数出位数，四位为thousand，七位为million，十位为billion。

心里有数了之后，读的时候要从大位开始。

比如：2，567，000首先知道这个数是7位，读的时候以2 million开始，后面每三位就按照平时读法，之后再加上thousand，就好了。

所以读成：two million five hundred and sixty-seven thousand.1,000 a/one thousand1,000,000 a/one million1,000,000,000 a/one billion (美a thousand million)我们中文是4位4位分（万、亿）英语是3位3位分（千、百万、十亿）习惯了就好了数学英文表达3 to the fourth数学mathematics，maths公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.) 命题proposition定理theorem定义defination算术arithmetic数字digit数number自然数natural number整数integer小数decimal小数点decimal point分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.) 被加数augend, summand加数addend 和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder, difference乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplicatio n(n.) 被乘数multiplicand, faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals, is equal to大于greater than小于less than大于等于equal or greater than小于等于equal or less than运算符operator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimal system二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimal system权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有效数字significant figure代数algebra公式formula, formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown等式，方程式equation一次方程linear equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequality阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power开方evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根square root三次方根，立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n次方根the root of n, the nth root集合set元素element空集empty set子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function 定义域domain值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series, sequence 微积分calculus微分differentiation导数derivative极限limit无穷infinite(a.) infinity(n.)积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral 有理数rational number无理数irrational number实数real number虚数imaginary number复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角right angle钝角obtuse angle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形right triangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形obtuse triangle不等边三角形scalene triangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle等边三角形equilateral triangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形right trapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus, loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube多面体polyhedron 棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustum of a prism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustum of a cone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surface area体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割arc cosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE) 重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE) 内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weighted average 方差variance标准差standard deviation比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation 组合combination概率probability分布distribution正态分布normal distribution条形统计图bar graph柱形统计图frequency histogram 折线统计图frequency polygon 曲线统计图curve diagram扇形统计图pie diagram3的4次方3 to the power of 43 to the fourth power5的3次方分之3的5次方3 to the power of 5 over 5 to the power of 3开根号square root of数字(9)代替字母(x)substitute 9 in the equation for x函数function反函数inverse function正比例函数linear function3的4次方= 3 to the power of 45的3次= 5 cubed(对不起，之前弄错了中文太差了><)函数= function二次函数= quadratic function反函数= inverse function正比例函数= linear function加是plus. 减是minus. 乘是times. 除是divide 公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数multiplicand, faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于is greater than小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than 小于等于is equal or lesser than 运算符operator数字digit数number自然数natural number整数integer小数decimal小数点decimal point分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimal system二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimal system权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificant digit代数algebra公式formula, formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power开方evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根square root三次方根，立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n次方根the root of n, the nth root集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field of definition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.) 无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral 有理数rational number无理数irrational number实数real number虚数imaginary number复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角right angle钝角obtuse angle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle 直角三角形right triangle 直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形obtuse triangle不等边三角形scalene triangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle等边三角形equilateral triangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形right trapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon 圆circle圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE) 半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus, loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped 立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron 十二面体dodecahedron 二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustum of a prism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustum of a cone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surface area体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis 横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割arc cosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weighted average方差variance标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normal distribution非正态分布abnormal distribution图表graph条形统计图bar graph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken line graph曲线统计图curve diagram扇形统计图pie diagram定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数multiplicand, faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于is greater than小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than运算符operator数字digit数number自然数natural number整数integer小数decimal小数点decimal point分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimal system二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimal system 权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入round down上舍入round up有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificant digit代数algebra公式formula, formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power开方evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根square root三次方根，立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth rootn次方根the root of n, the nth root集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field of definition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral有理数rational number无理数irrational number实数real number虚数imaginary number复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角right angle钝角obtuse angle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形right triangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形obtuse triangle不等边三角形scalene triangle 等腰三角形isosceles triangle 等边三角形equilateral triangle 四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形right trapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus, loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustum of a prism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustum of a cone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surface area体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割arc cosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE) 外心excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE) 旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weighted average方差variance标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normal distribution非正态分布abnormal distribution图表graph条形统计图bar graph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken line graph曲线统计图curve diagram扇形统计图pie diagram题目：三加二等于Three add two was equal to六乘以六等于Six are multiplied by six is equal to三的立方是Three cubes are四开方是Four roots arehow much is 3 plus 2?(3+2=?)how much is 5 minus 3?(5-3=?)how much is 5 times 4?(5*4=?)how much is 20 divided by 4?(20/4=?)Three plus two is /makes/equals five有关与数学的英语单词一.数学中常用符号+: plus X: multiply-: subtract ÷: divideV~: square root |...|: absolute value=: is equal to =/=: is not equal to>: is greater than <: is less than//: is parallel to _|_: is perpendicular to>=: is greater than or equal to (或no less than) <=: is less than or equal to (或no more than) 二.表达相应数目的前缀1:uni-,mono-2:bi-,du-,di-3:tri-,ter-,4:tetra-,quad-,5:penta-,quint,6:hex-,sex-,7:sept-,hapta-,8:oct,9:enn-,10:dec-,deka-,三.数学中常用单词术语abscissa 横坐标absolute value 绝对值acute angle 锐角adjacent angle 邻角addition 加algebra 代数altitude 高angle bisector 角平分线arc 弧area 面积arithmetic mean 算术平均值（总和除以总数）arithmetic progression 等差数列（等差级数）arm 直角三角形的股at 总计（乘法）average 平均值base 底be contained in 位于...上bisect 平分center 圆心chord 弦circle 圆形circumference 圆周长circumscribe 外切，外接clockwise 顺时针方向closest approximation 最相近似的combination 组合common divisor 公约数，公因子common factor 公因子complementary angles 余角（二角和为90度）composite number 合数（可被除1及本身以外其它的数整除）concentric circle 同心圆cone 圆锥（体积＝1/3*pi*r*r*h）congruent 全等的consecutive integer 连续的整数coordinate 坐标的cost 成本counterclockwise 逆时针方向cube 1.立方数2.立方体（体积＝a*a*a 表面积＝6*a*a）cylinder 圆柱体decagon 十边形decimal 小数decimal point 小数点decreased 减少decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了degree 角度define 1.定义2.化简denominator 分母denote 代表，表示depreciation 折旧distance 距离distinct 不同的dividend 1. 被除数2.红利divided evenly 被除数divisible 可整除的division 1.除2.部分divisor 除数down payment 预付款，定金equation 方程equilateral triangle 等边三角形even number 偶数expression 表达exterior angle 外角face （立体图形的）某一面factor 因子fraction 1.分数2.比例geometric mean 几何平均值（N个数的乘积再开N次方）geometric progression 等比数列（等比级数）have left 剩余height 高hexagon 六边形hypotenuse 斜边improper fraction 假分数increase 增加increase by 增加了increase to 增加到inscribe 内切，内接intercept 截距integer 整数interest rate 利率in terms of... 用...表达interior angle 内角intersect 相交irrational 无理数isosceles triangle 等腰三角形least common multiple 最小公倍数least possible value 最小可能的值leg 直角三角形的股length 长list price 标价margin 利润mark up 涨价mark down 降价maximum 最大值median, medium 中数（把数字按大小排列，若为奇数项，则中间那项就为中数，若为偶数项，则中间两项的算术平均值为中数。

GRE数学名词❤韩楽楽的日志1.数论natural number 自然数positive number正数negative number 负数odd integer, odd number 奇数even integer, even number偶数integer, whole number 整数positive whole number 正整数negative whole number 负整数consecutive number 连续整数real number, rational number 实数,有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse ,reciprocal倒数composite number 合数prime number质数common divisor 公约数multiple 倍数(minimum) common multiple (最小)公倍数least common multiple (prime) factor(质)因子common factor 公因子nonnegative 非负的ordinary scale, decimal scale 十进制tens 十位units 个位mode 众数mean平均数median中值common ratio 公比6. 集合union 并集intersection set交集subset子集proper subset 真子集solution set 解集finite set有限集infinite无限集2. 基本数学概念digit 数字constant 常数variable 变量arithmetic mean 算术平均值weighted average 加权平均值geometric mean 几何平均数exponent 指数，幂base 乘幂的底数,底边square 平方cube 立方数，立方体square root 平方根cube root 立方根fourth root common logarithm 常用对数inverse function 反函数complementary function 余函数linear 一次的，线性的factorization 因式分解absolute value 绝对值round off 四舍五入to the nearest 四舍五入3. 基本运算add，plus 加subtract 减multiply, times 乘divide 除difference 差product 积quotient 商divisor 因子,除数,公约数dividend 被除数，红利remainder 余数divisible 可被整除的divided evenly 被整除factorial 阶乘power 乘方radical sign, root sign 根号4.代数式，方程，不等式algebra代数学，代数constant 常数variable 变量coefficient系数numerical coefficient 数字系数literal coefficient 字母系数algebraic term 代数项like terms, similar terms 同类项inequality 不等式triangle inequality 三角不等式equation 方程，等式solution解range 值域original equation 原方程equivalent equation 同解方程，等价方程linear equation 线性方程a linear equation in two variables 二元一次quadratic 二次的7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence) 等差数列geometric progression(sequence) 等比数列5.分数，小数proper fraction 真分数improper fraction 假分数mixed number 带分数vulgar fraction，common fraction 普通分数simple fraction 简分数complex fraction 繁分数numerator 分子denominator 分母(least)common denominator （最小）公分母decimal fraction 纯小数infinite decimal 无穷小数recurring decimal 循环小数direct proportion正比例inverse proportion反比tenths unit 十分位quarter 四分之一8.其它mutually exclusive互斥approximate 近似distinct 不同的(anti)clockwise (逆) 顺时针方向cardinal 基数ordinal 序数estimation 估计，近似parentheses 括号table 表格proportion 比例permutation 排列combination 组合trigonometric function 三角函数unit 单位,位几何GEOMETRY1.角alternate angle 内错角corresponding angle 同位角vertical angle 对顶角interior angle 内角exterior angle 外角supplementary angles 补角complementary angle 余角acute angle 锐角obtuse angle 钝角right angle 直角straight angle 平角adjacent angle 邻角included angle 夹角angle bisector 角平分线2.三角形trigonometry 三角学equilateral triangle 等边三角形scalene triangle 不等边三角形isosceles triangle 等腰三角形right triangle 直角三角形oblique 斜三角形inscribed triangle 内接三角形hypotenuse斜边Pythagorean theorem 勾股定理（毕达哥拉斯定理）arm 直角三角形的股leg 三角形的直角边opposite 直角三角形中的对边congruent 全等的similar相似的3.收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle 半圆concentric circles 同心圆polygon 多边形regular polygon 正多边形quadrilateral 四边形pentagon 五边形hexagon 六边形heptagon 七边形octagon 八边形nonagon 九边形decagon 十边形equilateral 等边形parallelogram 平行四边形square 正方形，平方rectangle长方形rhombus 菱形trapezoid 梯形6圆center of a circle 圆心chord 弦diameter 直径radius 半径sector 扇形circumscribe 外切inscribe 内切central angle 圆心角round angle 周角radian 弧度4.其它平面图形arc 弧segment of a circle 弧形line, straight line 直线line segment 线段parallel lines平行线5.立体图形three-dimensional figurecube 立方体，立方数rectangular solid 长方体regular polyhedron 正多面体circular cylinder 圆柱体cone 圆锥sphere 球体solid 立体的lateral surface侧面face of a solid 立体的面6.图形的附属概念symmetric 对称的parallel 平行的perpendicular 垂直的intersect相交plane geometry 平面几何bisect 平分multilateral 多边的altitude 高depth 深度side 边长circumference, perimeter 周长surface area 表面积volume 体积cross section 横截面diagonal 对角线edge 棱hypotenuse 斜边included side 夹边median中线base底边，底数midpoint 中点endpoint 端点vertex (复数vertices)顶点intersection交点tangent 切线的point of tangency 切点transversal 截线intercept 截距7.坐标coordinate system 坐标系rectangular coordinate 直角坐标系origin 原点abscissa 横坐标ordinate 纵坐标quadrant 象限number line 数轴interval区间slope 斜率complex plane 复平面x-axis x轴x-coordinate坐标x-intercept截距8.计量单位cent 美分penny 一美分硬币nickel 5美分硬币dime 一角硬币dozen 打（12个）score 廿(20个)Centigrade 摄氏Fahrenheit 华氏quart 夸脱gallon 加仑(1 gallon = 4 quart) pint 品脱(干量或液量的单位) yard 码meter 米micron 微米inch 英寸foot 英尺minute 分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)square measure 平方单位制cubic meter 立方米基本规律1 所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数2 若b>a，则b/a > (b+1)/(a+1) ；若b < a>其它2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year) 闰年(366天) common year 平年(365天) depreciation 折旧down payment 直接付款discount 打折list price 标价markup 涨价retail price 零售价margin 利润profit 利润interest 利息simple interest 单利compounded interest 复利dividend 红利decrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了increase to 增加到increase by 增加了denote 表示per capita 每人，人均ratio 比率tie 打Absolute value 绝对值Add (addition) 加Average value 算术平均值Algebra 代数Algebraic expression 代数式Arithmetic mean 算术平均值Arithmetic progression (sequence)等差数列Approximate 近似Abscissa 横坐标Ordinate 纵坐标Binomial 二项式Common factor 公因子Common multiple 公倍数Common divisor 公约数Simple fractionCommon fraction 简分数Complex fraction 繁分数Common logarithm 常用对数Common ratio 公比Complex number 复数Complex conjugate 复共轭Composite number 合数Prime number 质数Consecutive number 连续整数Consecutive even(odd) integer 连续偶（奇）数Cross multiply 交叉相乘Coefficient 系数Complete quadratic equation 完全二次方程Complementary function 余函数Constant 常数Coordinate system 坐标系Decimal 小数Decimal point 小数点Decimal fraction 纯小数Decimal arithmetic 十进制运算Decimal system/decimal scale 十进制Denominator 分母Difference 差Direct proportion 正比Divide 除Divided evenly 被整除Differential 微分Distinct 不同的Dividend 被除数，红利Division 除法Division sign 除号Divisor 因子，除数Divisible 可被整除的Equivalent fractions 等值分数Equivalent equation 等价方程式Equivalence relation 等价关系Even integer/number 偶数Exponent 指数，幂Equation 方程Equation of the first degree 一次方程Endpoint 端点Estimation 近似Factor 因子Factorable quadratic equation 可因式分解的二次方程Incomplete quadratic equation 不完全二次方程Factorial 阶乘Factorization 因式分解Geometric mean 几何平均数Graph theory 图论Inequality 不等式Improper fraction 假分数Infinite decimal 无穷小数Inverse proportion 反比Irrational number 无理数Infinitesimal calculus 微积分Infinity 无穷大Infinitesimal 无穷小Integerable 可积分的Integral 积分Integral domain 整域Integrand 被积函数Integrating factor 积分因子Inverse function 反函数Inverse/reciprocal 倒数Least common denominator 最小公分母Least common multiple 最小公倍数Literal coefficient 字母系数Like terms 同类项Linear 线性的Minuend 被减数Subtrahend 被减数Mixed decimal 混合小数Mixed number 带分数Minor 子行列式Multiplicand 被乘数Multiplication 乘法Multiplier 乘数Monomial 单项式Mean 平均数Mode 众数Median 中数Negative (positive) number 负（正）数Numerator 分子Null set (empty set) 空集Number theory 数论Number line 数轴Numerical analysis 数值分析Natural logarithm 自然对数Natural number 自然数Nonnegative 非负数Original equation 原方程Ordinary scale 十进制Ordinal 序数Percentage 百分比Parentheses 括号Polynomial 多项式Power 乘方Product 积Proper fraction 真分数Proportion 比例Permutation 排列Proper subset 真子集Prime factor 质因子Progression 数列。