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常见的国际组织Internet Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)国际原子能机构International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)国际复兴开发银行International Cargo Handing Coordination Association(ICHCA)国际装卸调协会International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)国际商会International Chamber of Shipping (ICS)国际航运商会International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 国际民航组织International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC)国际棉花咨询委员会International Development Association (IDE)国际开发协会International Energy Agency Program (IEAP)国际能源组织International Energy Program (IEP)国际能源计划署International Finance Corporation (IFC) 国际协会金融公司International Labour Organization(ILO) 国际劳工组织International Law Association (ILA) 国际法协会International Law Commission(ILC) 国际法律委员会International Monetary Fund(IMF) 国际货币基金组织International Tea Committee (ITC)国际茶叶委员会International Trade Centre (ITC)国际贸易中央International Trade Development Association (INTRADE)国际贸易发铺协会International Union of Marine Insurance (IUMI) 国际航运保险联合会Organization of Raw Materials and Exporting Countries (ORMEC)原料生产同出口国组织The Group of 77 77国集团United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF)联合国资本开发基金会United Nations Children Fund (UNCF)联合国儿童基金会United Nations Commission on International Trade Law(UNCITL) 联合国国际贸易法委员会United Nations commission on Trade and Development (UNCTD) 联合国贸易同发铺会议United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 联合国开发计划署United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESC) 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Economic Development Administration (UNEDA) 联合国经济开发署United Nations Educational,研究对象发生了较大变化, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)联合国教科文组织United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF)联合国紧急部队United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 联合国环境规划署United Nations Food & Agriculture Organization (UNFAO) 联合国粮农组织United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) 联合国人口活动基金会United Nation High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) 联合国难民署United Nations Industrial development Organization (UNIDO) 联合国工业发铺组织United Nations International V oluntary Service Fund (UNIVSF) 联合国国际志愿服务基金会United Nations Joint Board of Strategy (UNJBS) 联合国联合战略委员会United Nations Peace Observation Commission (UNPOC) 联合国同平观察委员会United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) 联合国善后救济总署United Nations Scientific Conference of the Conservation and Utilization of Resources (UNSCCUR)联合国资源保护同利用科学会议United Nations Security Council (UNSC) 联合国安全理事会United Nations Social commission (UNSC) 联合国社会委员会World Food Programme (WFP) 联合国粮食计划署World Health Organization (WHO) 世界卫生组织World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 世界知识产权组织World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 世界气象组织World Packing Organization (WPO) 世界包装组织World Peace Council (WPC) 世界同平理事会World Trade Centers Association (WTCA) 世界贸易中央协会World Trade Organization (WTO) 世界贸易组织。
Contents1.0 Interdiction (2)2.1 Topic 1：Describe the types of organization structures used by organizations that are just beginning international expansion (2)2.2 Topic 2：Describe how these structures change as the organization increases its international presence (2)2.3Topic 3：Analyze the key factors, both internal and external that influences the design of international organization structures (3)2.4 Topic 4：Explain how organizations ensure that the structure is both effective and efficient (4)6.0 Conclusion (5)7.0 References (6)1.0Introduction:This report is to illustrate some multinational companies just entering the international market, the type of structure, structural changes and structural changes due to changes in how companies operate more effectively development.2.1 Topic 1：Describe the types of organization structures used by organizations that are just beginning international expansion.The structure of international organizations can be divided into two categories: the traditional organizational structure and global organizational structure. Traditional organizational structure in which the development of enterprises in accordance with the order from the export department is divided into structure, self-subsidiary structure, the International Department of the structure. Global organization is currently the world's highest form of organization.The Starbuck Company started in 1971 in Seattle, Washington. Grew hadfrom55 stores in 1989 to over 2,200 stores today. The company’s products sold include: beverages, pastries, whole coffee beans, coffee-related retail items. In 1996, Starbucks formally enter the international in Tokyo, first opened a silver overseas coffee shop. The United States Starbucks in the global market situation is according to different branches make different business organization structure. At present there are four ways of cooperation: Wholly self-supporting, the joint venture company, licensing, franchising.2.2 Topic 2：Describe how these structures change as the organization increases its international presence.When the company began international expansion, do not stand still. Thedevelopment of new products and services is the essence of any company. Starbucks at the beginning of the organizational structure is simple. This is a flat structure.The CEO has the highest authority, to coordinate departments. However, the limited increase this year, simple structure, but just as chaotic, which reduces the efficiency of the company. The structure of which must be changed. In the process of international expansion of Starbucks used the form of financial or business opportunities to achieve more profits. So the structure has changed a mixed structure.2.3 Topic 3：Analyze the key factors, both internal and external that influences the design of international organization structures.Lenovo Group acquired IBM basically retained after the PC division of IBM products and the regional setting of the dual matrix structure, which certainly has itsadvantages, for example, supply and research and development corresponding concentration of production and R & D can create economies of scale, but the matrix structure The defect is fatal, and its mandate fuzzy, redundant, slow and full of arguments, the high cost and other defects are commonly difficult to overcome. Lenovo Group today, according to business and development goals, adjusts the size of the organizational structure, so that the organizational structure to better serve the business development services. Three stages in the development of different organizational structures were used. Started in business development, the use of simple linear function into the phase of the matrix to achieve product diversification, business unit management structure, and later in response to international market competition, the company began to flatten the structure, information and networking development, because the market influence and competitiveness, to better adapt to the international market.2.4 Topic 4：Explain how organizations ensure that the structure is both effective and efficient.In order to run effective and efficient company, Lenovo Group is also committed to integrate the internal structure. A growing number of global economic integration, the company does not limit the number of people, task, process and location alone, but as soon as possible to information, human resources and action to implement the most needed. But also to the enterprise, the diversity of different departments within the enterprise, the organizational structure of different regions is no longer a unified model, but according to the specific environment and the organization's old building different organizational structure of the target. The same organization, but also through incentives and other means to encourage employees of improve the speed and its work to ensure effective and efficient operation quality. Lenovo is also regular and frequent meetings, by maintaining the same goals, clear and detailed responsibilitiesin all aspects at all levels, while from time to time some group activities to enhance the staff, so that more united team, the establishment of emotional communication information management system, the Organization resources, reasonable arrangements to maximize the efficiency of the company.3.0 Conclusion：This report mainly relates to multinational groups, including the international expansion of Starbucks and Lenovo, the two organizations the organizational structure of the original type, in the development process of some changes, such as changes in external and internal factors and the shareholding structure in order to ensure more effective operate effectively is how to change the organizational structure of the company.4.0 Reference：/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%8 4/view/69005.htm/view/6a084f6a561252d380eb6ee7.html/wang_f1990@126/blog/static/162475696201068111023384/ /special/l/000915RB/lenovo0930.html/view/8276.htm/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B。
WTO原则：1.最惠国待遇原则：一个成员给予另一个成员方的贸易优惠和特许必须自动给予所有其他成员。
作为关贸总协定的一项最基本、最重要的原则，最惠国待遇原则对规范成员方间的货物贸易，推动国际贸易的扩大和发展起了重要的作用。
2.国民待遇原则：是指在民事权利方面一个国家给予在其国境内的外国公民和企业与其国内公民、企业同等待遇，而非政治方面的待遇。
国民待遇原则是最惠国待遇原则的重要补充。
在实现所有世贸组织成员平等待遇基础上，世贸组织成员的商品或服务进入另一成员领土后，也应该享受与该国的商品或服务相同的待遇，这正是世贸组织非歧视贸易原则的重要体现。
国民待遇原则严格讲就是外国商品或服务与进口国国内商品或服务处于平等待遇的原则。
3.透明度原则：成员方所实施的与国家贸易有关的法令、条例、司法判决、行政决定，都必须公布，使各成员国及贸易商熟悉。
一成员方政府与另一成员方政府所缔结的影响国家贸易的协定，也必须公布，以防止成员方之间不公平的贸易，从而造成对其他成员方的歧视。
4公平贸易原则：又称公平竞争原则，是关贸总协定和世界贸易组织主要针对出口贸易而规定的一个基本原则。
这一原则的基本含义是指各成员和出口经营者都不得采取不公正的贸易手段（特别强调不能以倾销和补贴的方式销售本国的商品。
）进行国际贸易竞争或扭曲国际贸易市场竞争秩序。
5一般禁止数量限制原则：为了保护关税作为惟一的保护手段，总协定一般地禁止数量限制。
禁止数量限制原则考虑国际贸易的一些特殊情况和要求，规定了该原则在下列情况下不适用：（1）3种一般例外：为防止或缓和输出成员方的粮食或其他必需品的严重缺乏而临时实施的措施，对农渔、产品有必要实施进口限制，为实施国际贸易商品分类、分级和销售的标准及条例而必须采取的措施；（2）为保障国际收支而实施的限制；（3）发展中国家为保障国际收支平衡和建立特定工业可实施数量限制。
6.发展中国家优惠待遇原则：指如果发展中国家在实施WTO协议时需要一定的时间和物质准备，可享受一定期限的过渡期优惠待遇。
国际商务会展组织
国际商务会展组织，简称IBEO（International Business Exhibition Organization），成立于2003年，是一个总部位于瑞士的国际性商务会
展组织。
该组织旨在为全球商务展览提供更好的组织、策划和推广服务，促进国际贸易的发展，提高全球商务合作的水平。
IBEO拥有一支由国际展览业专家组成的团队，为客户提供全方位
的展览组织和策划服务，包括展览布置、展馆设计、展览物流等。
同时，IBEO拥有广泛的国际资源，可以为客户提供全球范围内的市场调
研和营销推广等服务，帮助客户在国际市场上获得更大的商业机会。
作为一个国际性商务会展组织，IBEO积极推进全球贸易自由化和
经济全球化进程，促进各国之间的互利合作。
IBEO在欧洲、亚洲、中
东等地都设有办事处，为客户提供更加贴近当地市场的服务，帮助客
户在当地市场获取更多的商业机会。
除了展览组织和策划服务，IBEO还积极开展各种商务活动，包括
商务交流、贸易洽谈等。
IBEO的活动涵盖了各个领域，包括机械制造、电子信息、医疗器械、食品化工等。
通过这些活动，IBEO为客户提供
了广泛的商务合作机会，促进了各国之间的贸易交流和经济发展。
总之，IBEO是一个致力于为全球商务展览提供更好服务的国际商
务会展组织。
通过多年的积累和发展，IBEO已经成为国际展览业的领
军企业之一，为客户提供了优质的展览组织和策划服务，帮助客户在
国际市场上拓展业务，促进了全球贸易自由化和经济全球化进程。
Contents1.0 Interdiction (2)2.1 Topic 1：Describe the types of organization structures used by organizations that are just beginning international expansion (2)2.2 Topic 2：Describe how these structures change as the organization increases its international presence (2)2.3Topic 3：Analyze the key factors, both internal and external that influences the design of international organization structures (3)2.4 Topic 4：Explain how organizations ensure that the structure is both effective and efficient (4)6.0 Conclusion (5)7.0 References (6)1.0Introduction:This report is to illustrate some multinational companies just entering the international market, the type of structure, structural changes and structural changes due to changes in how companies operate more effectively development.2.1 Topic 1：Describe the types of organization structures used by organizations that are just beginning international expansion.The structure of international organizations can be divided into two categories: the traditional organizational structure and global organizational structure. Traditional organizational structure in which the development of enterprises in accordance with the order from the export department is divided into structure, self-subsidiary structure, the International Department of the structure. Global organization is currently the world's highest form of organization.The Starbuck Company started in 1971 in Seattle, Washington. Grew hadfrom55 stores in 1989 to over 2,200 stores today. The company’s products sold include: beverages, pastries, whole coffee beans, coffee-related retail items. In 1996, Starbucks formally enter the international in Tokyo, first opened a silver overseas coffee shop. The United States Starbucks in the global market situation is according to different branches make different business organization structure. At present there are four ways of cooperation: Wholly self-supporting, the joint venture company, licensing, franchising.2.2 Topic 2：Describe how these structures change as the organization increases its international presence.When the company began international expansion, do not stand still. Thedevelopment of new products and services is the essence of any company. Starbucks at the beginning of the organizational structure is simple. This is a flat structure.The CEO has the highest authority, to coordinate departments. However, the limited increase this year, simple structure, but just as chaotic, which reduces the efficiency of the company. The structure of which must be changed. In the process of international expansion of Starbucks used the form of financial or business opportunities to achieve more profits. So the structure has changed a mixed structure.2.3 Topic 3：Analyze the key factors, both internal and external that influences the design of international organization structures.Lenovo Group acquired IBM basically retained after the PC division of IBM products and the regional setting of the dual matrix structure, which certainly has itsadvantages, for example, supply and research and development corresponding concentration of production and R & D can create economies of scale, but the matrix structure The defect is fatal, and its mandate fuzzy, redundant, slow and full of arguments, the high cost and other defects are commonly difficult to overcome. Lenovo Group today, according to business and development goals, adjusts the size of the organizational structure, so that the organizational structure to better serve the business development services. Three stages in the development of different organizational structures were used. Started in business development, the use of simple linear function into the phase of the matrix to achieve product diversification, business unit management structure, and later in response to international market competition, the company began to flatten the structure, information and networking development, because the market influence and competitiveness, to better adapt to the international market.2.4 Topic 4：Explain how organizations ensure that the structure is both effective and efficient.In order to run effective and efficient company, Lenovo Group is also committed to integrate the internal structure. A growing number of global economic integration, the company does not limit the number of people, task, process and location alone, but as soon as possible to information, human resources and action to implement the most needed. But also to the enterprise, the diversity of different departments within the enterprise, the organizational structure of different regions is no longer a unified model, but according to the specific environment and the organization's old building different organizational structure of the target. The same organization, but also through incentives and other means to encourage employees of improve the speed and its work to ensure effective and efficient operation quality. Lenovo is also regular and frequent meetings, by maintaining the same goals, clear and detailed responsibilitiesin all aspects at all levels, while from time to time some group activities to enhance the staff, so that more united team, the establishment of emotional communication information management system, the Organization resources, reasonable arrangements to maximize the efficiency of the company.3.0 Conclusion：This report mainly relates to multinational groups, including the international expansion of Starbucks and Lenovo, the two organizations the organizational structure of the original type, in the development process of some changes, such as changes in external and internal factors and the shareholding structure in order to ensure more effective operate effectively is how to change the organizational structure of the company.4.0 Reference：/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%8 4/view/69005.htm/view/6a084f6a561252d380eb6ee7.html/wang_f1990@126/blog/static/162475696201068111023384/ /special/l/000915RB/lenovo0930.html/view/8276.htm/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B。
