British literature 9

美式论文、报告写作技巧编者按：美式教育地特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用,因此,报告便成了常见地考核学生学习成果地方式,比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文<含毕业论文）等.研究生presentation 及seminar 地机会更是占很大地比重,有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例.如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好地成绩,是本文提供给有志留学地有心人参考地目地. 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯,在启发式地教育环境下,写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生,虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强,但是表达能力由於自小培养,加上英语能力地优势,常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹地利基.反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作地训练,因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦,其实论文、报告地写作要领其实不难,只要把握技巧就可水到渠成.通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries>,本文(Texts>以及参考资料(References>三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下：(一> 篇首：封面(Title>序言(Preface>谢词(Acknowledge>提要(Summary>目录(Tables and Appendixes>(二> 本文：引言(Introduction>主体,含篇(Part>、章(Chapter>、节(Section> 、以及注释 (Footnotes>(三>参考资料：参考书目(References or Bibliography>附录资料(Appendix>.进行论文或报告写作之前,先要确定想要表达地主题,主题确定后,将其具体表达,即为题目.题目可以提供研究者：一.研究地方向二.研究地范围三.资料搜集地范围四.预期研究成果通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究,建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用.构思为确定写作大纲或Proposal 地先前步骤, 大纲是论文、报告地骨干, Proposal 是研究地架构、流程及范围地说明书.如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前地必要准备工作.好地论文或研究报告,要基于在完整、详实地资料上,而参考资料除了和教授商借之外,最主要地来源就是图书馆了,一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构地报告、科技或商业方面地杂志,及会议性质地资料.此外现代地电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料,在国外可利用学校地电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要地资料.当一切准备就绪,即可开始着手写报告,一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告,及小报告如 Seminar 式地报告.就算是小报告,也至少应含(一>TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期(二>Summary：即主要地结论(三>Introduction：包括理论背景及内容(四>Technical Sections：是论文地主体,为最重要地部份应再细分为几个片断.(五>Conclusions：即扼要地结论(六>Appendixes：复杂公式地导引及叁考资料和电脑程式地报表可附加在此项美式报告地撰写通常要打字,两行式,行间若有未拼完地字要以音节来连接.写报告通常需要用到电脑,如有计算数字统计图表地需求,也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS,统计分析软体如SAS,也是不可或缺地,电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界地重要工具,文书处理更是最基本地要求,因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎地工具.此外在英文语法、文法上地润饰与修改,如能请老美帮忙会比较好.论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation>,用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战,通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟,若是论文囗试则至少一小时.投影机及麦克风地使用对讲演地效果有很大帮助,正式讲演前多预习几次,时间宜控制适中,上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念,需留意听众地反应,切中主题,避免太多数字地导引.Unit 6British Literature (英国文学>一、本单元重点内容1. Beowulf {贝奥武夫(一首古英文史诗地名字,同时也是此诗中地英雄地名字>}2. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里·乔叟地《坎特伯雷故事集》>3. Stories about King Arthur (关于亚瑟王和他地骑士们地故事>4. William Shakespeare (威廉·莎士比亚>5. the Romance writers in the 19th century (19世纪浪漫派作家>6. The Brontes (布朗特三姐妹>7. Charles Dickens (查理·狄更斯>8. Sir Walter Scott (瓦尔特·司各特>9. Robert Louis Stevenson (罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森>10. Modernism (现代主义>11. Postmodernism (后现代主义>12. Joseph Conrad (约瑟夫·康拉德>13. Virginia Woolf (维吉尼亚·吴尔夫>14. wrence (D.H.·劳伦斯>15. E.M Foster (EM·福斯特>二、本单元重、难点辅导1. early writing1>. British literature concerned with Christianity: Anglo-Saxons’ illustrated versions of the bible: the most famous--- the Book of Kells2>. Beowulf --- a long poem, one of the oldest of these early “Old English”(AD 6th C. —AD 11thC.地盎格鲁˙撒克逊地英语> literary works (古英语文学作品指8th C. AD—11th C. AD>3>. Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400>The most important work in Middle English (中古英语：11th C. AD—15th C. AD> Literature. It’s made up of a series of stories told by 31 pilgrims to entertain eac h other on their way to the Christian Church at Canterbury in south-east England. It’s quite noticeable for its diversity, not only in the range of social status among the pilgrims, but also in style of the stories they tell.杰弗里·乔叟地《坎特伯雷故事集》是中古英语文学中最重要地作品.故事讲述了31个朝圣者结伴到英格兰东南部地坎特伯雷去朝圣.途中,每个人讲一个故事,来缓解旅途地劳顿. 值得注意地是,这部故事集体现地多样性,这些朝圣者来自不同地阶层,几乎涵盖了当时地所有社会阶层,他们讲故事地风格也各不相同. (中古英语：指11世纪到15世纪地英语>4>. the stories of King Arthur and his knightsKing Arthur was the King of England in the 5th Century and was the central figure of many legends. History of the Kings of Britain published in 1138 well established King Arthur in literary form. The book invented material to fill the broad gaps in the historical record. The stories of King Arthur’s court, his knights and th eir famous round table and the search for the Holy Grail were mainly based on a very few vague “facts”. The ruined castle at Tintagel in Cornwall mentioned in the legends of King Arthur is now a popular tourist destination.2. Elizabethan Drama (伊丽莎白一世:1533.9.7—1603.5.24>---a general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during 15th and16th C. which is known as “The Renaissance”--- drama: the most successful and long-lasting expressions of this development--- the 1st professional theatre opened in London in 1576--- thegreattrio (the best of the famous playwrights>1> Christopher Marlowe (克里斯托弗·马洛>—the earliest of the trio Dr Faustus《浮士德博士》2> William Shakespeare (1564--1616>— an English dramatist and poet in the Elizabethan age. He is generally regarded as the greatest playwright in English literature. His plays fall into three categories: tragedies (Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, etc.>, comedies (Merchant of Venice, The Dreams of the Midsummer Nigh t, etc.> and history plays (Henry VI, Charles II etc. >威廉·莎士比亚是伊丽莎白时期地英国剧作家和诗人.他通常被认为是英国文学中最伟大地剧作家.他地作品分为三类：悲剧、喜剧和历史剧,悲剧有《哈姆莱特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等,喜剧有《威尼斯商人》、《仲夏夜之梦》等,历史剧有《亨利6世》《查理二世》等.3> Ben Jonson3. the 19th C. literatureRoughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature’s romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason.粗略地讲,19世纪地前30几年构成英国文学地浪漫主义时期.浪漫派作家更多地关注人类地想象力和情感,而不是理性地力量.A volume of poems called Lyrical Ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.” Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought Romantic Movement to its height. The spirit of Romanticism also occurred in the novel.威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治合编地《抒情歌谣集》被认为是浪漫派诗歌地“独立宣言”.济慈,拜伦和雪莱这三位伟大地诗人把浪漫主义运动推向高潮.浪漫主义地精神在小说中也有体现.The Romantics saw themselves as free spirits, emphasizing nature, originality, the emotional and personal, rather than the “rational” in their work. This was a change fr om the emphasis on imitating classical (meaning Ancient Greek and Roman> conventions and forms.---novels1>. Jane Austen—6 novels Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Emma2>. Bronte sisters—daughters of the vicar of a village church in Yorkshire. Though poor, they were educated and respectable. They all died young, but were remembered long after their death for their contribution to English literature. —Charlotte (Jane Eyre>, Emily (WutheringHeights> and Ann.她们是约克郡一个乡村教会地牧师地女儿,分别叫夏洛特,爱M莉和安.虽然很穷,但她们都受过良好地教育,非常受人尊敬.她们很年轻就去世了,但是因为她们对英国文学地贡献,在她们去世后那么久都没有被人遗忘.夏洛特地名篇是《简爱》,爱M莉地名篇是《呼啸山庄》.为了书出版,她们都得用男性化地笔名.3>. Elizabeth Gaskell (盖斯凯尔,a woman writer> (friend of Charlotte。

英国文学用英语怎么说英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。

在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响。

那么你知道英国文学用英语怎么说吗?接下来跟着店铺来学习一下吧。

英国文学的英语说法1：English literature英国文学的英语说法2：British literature英国文学相关英语表达：英国文学作品选读 Selected Readings of British Literature英国文学选读 selected readings in british literature英国文学讲座 Lecture on English Lite英国文学及写作 English Literature and Composition中古时期英国文学 Old and Medieval British Literature英国文学的英语例句：1. He secured the appointment of professor of English literature in the university.他获聘为该大学的英国文学教授.2. The work is one of the great monuments of English literature.此作品是英国文学的不朽名作之一.3. That was the high summer of English literature.那是英国文学的黄金时代.4. Are you majoring in English Literature?你是在专修英国文学吗 ?5. His speciality is English literature.他的专业是英国文学.6. Dickens'novels have enriched English literature.狄更斯的小说丰富了英国文学.7. He has a formidable knowledge of English literature.他有丰富的英国文学知识.8. His specialty is English literature.他的专业是英国文学。

British literature1.In _____ of Gulliver’s Travels, Jonathan Swift satirizes the western civilization includingfalse illusions about science, philosophy, history and even immortality.A. the first voyage to LilliputB. the second voyage to BrobdingnagC. the third voyage to the Flying IslandD. the fourth voyage to Houyhnhnm land2.In Thomas Hardy’s works, the conflict between the old and the modern is very pervasive. Hisattitude toward those traditional characters is _______.A. contemptB. sympatheticC. indifferentD. interested3.Relationships don’t seem to turn out overly well in Wuthering Heights. Which couple finallygets their happy ending?A. Linton and CathyB. Heatheliff and CatherineC. Hareton and CathyD. Edgar and Catherine4.―The depth and passion of its earnest glance,But to myself they turned (since none puts byThe curtain I have drawn for you, but I) …‖This part is quoted from Robert Browning’s ―My Last Duchess‖. Here ―you‖ refers to _____.A. Frä PandolfB. readersC. the DukeD. the emissary5.In subject matter, William Wordsworth’s poems have two major concerns. One is about nature.The other is about ______.A. French RevolutionB. literary theoryC. deathD. common life of ordinary people6.Through the character of Elizabeth, Jane Austen emphasizes the importance of _____ forwomen.A. marriageB. physical attractivenessC. independence and self-confidenceD. submissive character7._____ is a natural means of writing in revealing the prince’s inner conflict and psychologicalpredicament in Shakespeare’s Hamlet.A. DialogueB. SoliloquyC. Dramatic monologueD. Satire8.The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is love and marriage. Which of the following is nota couple that appeared in Pride and Prejudice?A. Catherine and HeatheliffB. Lydia and WickhamC. Jane and BinleyD. Charlotte and Collins9.The sentence ―three or four families in a country village are the very thing to work on‖ canbest reflect the writer’s personal knowledge and range of writing. This writer is _____.A. Walter ScottB. Thomas HardyC. Jane EyreD. Jane Austen10.The first mass movement of the English working class was ____, which signified theawakening of the poor oppressed people.A. Enlightenment MovementB. Enclosure MovementC. Chartism MovementD. Romantic Movement11.In Sons and Lovers, D. H. Lawrence presented Paul as a(n) ______ man and artist.A. independentB. ambitiousC. strong-willedD. sensitive12.____is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes, it is along poem of over 3000 lines and the national epic of the English people.A. BeowulfB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. The Canterbury TalesD. King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table13.The father of English poetry, the author of Troilus and Criseyde is also the one of .A. Romeo and JulietB.The Faerie QueenC. TamburlaineD. The Canterbury Tales14.Which of the following are regarded as Shakespeare's four great tragedies?A. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King LearB. Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, MacbethC. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethD. Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, Timon of Athens15.Which of the following is not the work of Francis Bacon?A. Advancement of LearningB. New InstrumentC. Songs of InnocenceD. Essays16.At the beginning of 17th century appeared a school of poets called metaphysics. ____ is thefounder of metaphysical poetry.A. Ben JohnsonB. John MiltonC. John BunyanD. John Donne17."He has a servant called Friday. ""He "in the quoted sentence is a character in .A. Henry Fielding's Tom JonesB. John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's ProgressC. Richard Brinsley Sheridan's The School for ScandalD. Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe18.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realisticpicture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________.A．William Langland’ s Piers Plowman B．Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales C．John Gower’s Confession Amantis D．Sir Gawain and the Green Knight19.The sentence ―Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?‖ is the beginning line of one ofShakespeare’s ______________.A．comedies B．tragedies C．sonnets D．histories20.Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from ______________.A．the Renaissance B．the Old TestamentC．Greek Mythology D．the New Testament21.The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, WilliamShakespeare and ______________.A．John Milton B．John MarloweC．Ben Jonson D．Edmund Spenser22.―To be, or not to be—that is the question‖ is a line taken from______________.A．Hamlet B．Othello C．King Lear D．The Merchant of Venice23.Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that ______________.A．the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression of an individual’s feeling and experiencesB．the former is heavily religious but the latter secularC．the former is an intellectual movement, the purpose of which is to arouse the middle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivationD．the former advocates the ―return to nature‖ whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Roman writers for its models.24.The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for______________.A．material wealth B．spiritual salvationC．universal truth D．self- fulfillment25.Alexander Pope strongly advocated ______________ , emphasizing that literary works shouldbe judged by rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A．Sentimentalism B．Romanticism C．Idealism D．Neoclassicism 26.It is generally regarded that Keats’ s most important and mature poems are in the form of______.A．ode B．elegy C．epic D．sonnet27.______ is the most outstanding stream of consciousness novelist, with _______ as hisencyclopedia – like masterpiece.A．James Joyce, Ulysses B．E.M. Foster, A Passage to IndiaC．D.H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers D．Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway28.The literary form which is fully developed and the most flourishing during the RomanticPeriod is ______________.A．prose B．drama C．novel D．poetry29.Which of the following poems by T.S. Eliot is hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20thcentury English poetry?A．Poems 1909-1925 B．The Hollow ManC．Prufrock and Other Observations D．The Waste Land30.―My last Duchess‖ is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Browning’s ______________.A．sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB．excellent choice of wordsC．mastering of the metrical devicesD．use of the dramatic monologue31.Of the below poets, has not been awarded Poet Laureate.A. William WordsworthB. Thomas GrayC. Alfred TennysonD. Ben Jonson32.Of the following literary giants, is not of Irish origin.A. George Bernard ShawB. William Butler YeatsC. T.S.EliotD. James Joyce33.______ is the essence of the Renaissance.A. IndividualismB. ReasonC. IrrationalismD. Humanism34.―Ode to the West Wind‖ is the representative work of .A. P.B. Shelley’s B. John Keats’sC. Samuel Coleridge’sD. Lord Byron’s35.―The Forsyte Saga‖ is a trilogy by .A. John GalsworthyB. Thomas HardyC. Charles DickensD. D.H. Lawrencewrence’s works are modern because of their .A. modern skill in writingB. modern publishing timeC. modern themesD. modern appearance37.Most of Bernard Shaw’s plays are concerned with .A. political problemsB. religious problemsC. moral problemsD. all the above38.The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is Samuel Beckett and his first play,_______, is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.A. Waiting for GodotB. Murder in the CathedralC. Too True to Be GoodD. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionAmerican literature1.Emerson rejected both the formal religion of the churches and the Deistic philosophy; insteadhe based his religion on an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity, which he called the ―______‖.A. over-soulB. super-manC. godly manD. intuition2.Which one of the following statements about Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is true?A.Hawthorne intended to tell a love story in this novel.B.Hawthorne intended to tell a story of sin in this novel.C.Hawthorne intended to reveal the human psyche after they sinned, so as to show peoplethe tension between society and individualsD.Hawthorne focused his attention on consequences of the sin on the people in general, soas to call the readers back to the conventional Puritan way of living.3.The childhood of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in the Mississippi is a record of a vanished wayof life in the _____ Mississippi valley and it has moved millions of people of different ages and conditions all over the world.A. early 16th centuryB. late 16th centuryC. post-Civil WarD. pre-Civil War4.In 1915 _____ became a naturalized British citizen, largely in protest against America’sfailure to join England in the First World War.A. T. S. EliotB. Henry JamesC. W.D. Howells D. George Eliot5.Allen Ginsberg. Whose ―Howl‖ became the manifesto of ______.A. the Westward MovementB. the Utopian MovementC. the Beat MovementD. the Deistic Movement6.Perhaps Dickinson’s greatest rendering of the moment of ____ is to be found in ―I heard a FlyBuzz – when I died –‖, a poem universally considered one of her masterpieces.A. enthusiasmB. deathC. crisisD. fantasy7.Most people consider ______ an unofficial manifest for the ―Transcendental Club‖.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Dial8.The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America was written by ____.A. John SmithB. John EllisC. Anne BradstreetD. Nathaniel Morton9.Edward Taylor was a poet of ____.A. Local ColorismB. American RomanticismC. New England TranscendentalismD. Colonial American10.Poor Richard's Almanac was written by ____ who also wrote ____.A. Benjamin Franklin...AutobiographyB. Washington Irving...AutobiographyC. Washington Irving...History of New YorkD. Benjamin Franklin...History of New York11.Whitman published his first edition of ______ in 1855.A. Leaves of GrassB. The Scarlet LetterC. Hymn to The NightD. The Secret of the Sea12.Dreiser’s naturalism and his choice of subject often echo his predecessor, ______, but hisstyle and method are very different.A. Mark TwainB. Stephen CraneC. Henry JamesD. Emerson13.Sister Carrie written by ______ is considered as one of the representative naturalistic novel inthe American literature.A. Sinclair LewisB. Theodore DreiserC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. H.L.Mencken14.Mark Twain’s ______ tells a story of his boyhood ambitious to become a riverboat pilot, upand down the Mississippi.A. Roughing ItB. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Life on the MississippiD. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer15.Stephen Crane’s style has been called realistic, ______ and impressionistic.A. romanticB. naturalisticC. classicalD. imagining16.______ is th e scene of Dreiser’s Sister Carrie.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. CaliforniaD. Washington17.Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?A. NatureB. WaldenC. On BeautyD. S elf-Reliance18.Melvi lle’s _______ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc, inaddition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.A. The Old Man and the SeaB. Moby DickC. White JacketD. Billy Budd19.Leaves of Grass has _______ editions.A. nineB. fiveC. sixD. seven20._______ is not among the writing features of Melville’s works.A. SymbolismB. AllegoryC. Psychological analysesD. Dramatic monologue21.The realistic period is referred to as ―the Gilded Age‖ by _______.A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. Emily DickinsonD. Theodore Dreiser22._______ is regarded by H. L. Menken as ―the true father of American national literature.‖A. Emily DickinsonB. Henry JamesC. Mark TwainD. Theodore Dreiser23.Henry James’s fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with ________.A. the love and marriage themeB. the theme of humor and satire on lifeC. the theme of revealing the miserable life of the poor and criticizing the capitalismD. the international theme24.Within Dickinson’s little lyrics, she addresses those issues that concern the whole humanbeings, which exclude ________.A. religionB. friendshipC. loveD. immortality25.The Colonial Period of American literature stretched roughly from the settlement of Americain the early 17th century through the end of ________ century.A. the 18thB. the 19thC. the 20thD. the 21st26.Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the ______.A. American EnlightenmentB. Sugar ActC. Chartist movementD. Romanticist27.In the first section of Autobiography the writer addressed to ________A. his sonB. his friendsC. his wifeD. himself28.History of New York was published in 1807 under the name of ________A. Washington IrvingB. Diedrich KnickerbokerC. James Fenimore CooperD. John Whittier29.Natty Bumppo is the hero in Cooper’s ________A. The PrecautionB. The SpyC. The Gleanings in EuropeD. Leatherstocking Tales30.________ was regarded as a poet of the American RevolutionA. Philip FreneauB. Walt WhitmanC. Robert FrostD. Cal Sandburg31.The ship ______ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way acrossthe Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A. SunflowerB. ArmadaC. MayflowerD. Titanic32.Washington Irving got his idea for his most famous story, Rip Van Winkle, from a ________A. Greek legendB. German legendC. French legendD. English legend33.Rip Van Winkle is found in Irving’s longer work, ________A. The Sketch BookB. History of New YorkC. Tales of a TravelerD. The Precaution34.________ was often regarded as America’s first man of letters, devoting much of his career toliterature.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Philip FreneauC. Washington IrvingD. James Fenimore Cooper35.All the following novels are in Cooper’s Leatherstocking Tales except ________A. The PioneersB. The PrairieC. The DeerslayerD. The Spy36.________ has always been r egarded as a writer who ―perfected the best classic style thatAmerican Literature ever produced‖.A．Edgar Ellen Poe B．Walt WhitmanC．Henry David Thoreau D．Washington Irving37.The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature,stretches from the end of ______________ to the outbreak of ____________.A．the 17th century…the American War of IndependenceB．the 18th century…the American Civil WarC．the 17th century…the American Civil WarD．the 18th century…the U.S. – Mexican War38.Which of the following statements is NOT true of American Transcendentalism?A．It can be clearly defined as a part of American Romantic literary movement.B．It can be defined philosophically as ―the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively‖.C．Ralph Waldo Emerson was the chief advocate of this spiritual movement.D．It sprang from South America in the late 19th century.39.Nathaniel Hawthorne held an unceasing interest in the ―interior of the heart ‖of man’s being.So in almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discusses______________.A．love and hatred B．sin and evilC．frustration and self—denial D．balance and self—discipline40.Which of the following statements might be true of the theme of Song of Myself by Whitman?A．This poem describes the growth of a child who learned about the world around him and improved himself accordingly.B．This poem shows the author’s cynical sentiments against the American Civil War.C．This poem reflects t he author’s belief in Unitarianism or Deism.D．This poem reflects the author’s belief in the singularity and equality of all beings in value.41.In Moby—Dick, the white whale symbolizes ______________ for Melville, for it is complex,unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.A．nature B．human society C．whaling industry D．truth42.Realism was a reaction against Romanticism or a move away from the bias towards romanceand self—creating fictions, and paved the way to ______________.A．Cynicism B．Modernism C．Transcendentalism D．Neo—Classicalism43.Hemingway once described Mark Twain’s novel ______________ the one book from which―all modern American literature comes‖.A．The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn B．The Adventures of Tom SawyerC．The Gilded Age D．The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg 44.__________ is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th—century―stream—of—consciousness‖ novels and the founder of psychological realism.A．Theodore Dreiser B．William FaulknerC．Henry James D．Mark Twainimagination.45.As a genre, naturalism emphasized ______________ as important deterministic forcesshaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circum-stances.A．theological doctrines B．heredity and environmentC．education and hard work D．various opportunities and economic success 46.Ezra Pound, a leading spokesman of the ―______________‖ , was one of the most importantpoets in his time.A．Imagist Movement B．Cubist MovementC．Reformist Movement D．Transcendentalist Movement47.Eugene O’Neill’s first full—length play, ______________, won him the first Pulitzer Prize.Its theme is the choice between life and death, the interaction of subjective and objective factors.A．Bound East for Cardiff B．The Hairy ApeC．Desire Under the Elms D．Beyond the Horizon48.In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, ―A‖ may stands for ________.A. AdulteryB. AngelC. AmiableD. All the above49.In Leaves of Grass, _______ is all that concerned Whitman.A. individualismB. the spirit of democracyC. freedomD. all the above50._______ has been regarded as the ―founder of the American Drama‖.A. Tennessee WilliamsB. Eugene O’NeillC. Arthur MillerD. Hendrik Ibser。