英语论文(中美文化差异)
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中美文化差异:一幅丰富多彩的画卷In the vast canvas of global culture, the differences between Chinese and American cultures stand out as particularly intriguing and colorful. Each culture, shaped by its unique history, traditions, and values, presents a distinctive landscape that reflects the depth and breadthof human experience. As a college student, I find the study of these differences not only enriching but also crucialfor effective cross-cultural communication.**Language and Communication**The Chinese language, with its complex characters and tonal variations, is a testament to the rich history and philosophy of the Chinese people. Conversations ofteninvolve indirect references and implied meanings, requiring a high degree of empathy and understanding. In contrast,the English language, with its straightforward syntax and vocabulary, tends to favor direct and literal communication. This difference often leads to misunderstandings and misinterpretations in cross-cultural settings.**Social Norms and Behavior**Social norms in China强调 collective harmony andrespect for authority. Group interests often outweigh individual preferences, and social hierarchy is highly valued. In contrast, American culture promotesindividualism and freedom, encouraging individuals to speak their minds and pursue their dreams. This difference is reflected in various social settings, from dining customsto greetings and greetings.**Education and Values**Education in China is highly valued and often focusedon academic achievements and test scores. The Confucian value of respect for elders and authorities shapes the educational system, where discipline and obedience are强调. In contrast, American education emphasizes creativity, critical thinking, and hands-on experience. The value of independence and self-expression is强调,鼓励students to question and explore beyond the confines of traditional knowledge.**Festivals and Traditions**Chinese culture is rich in traditional festivals and customs, such as the Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival,and Dragon Boat Festival. These festivals are marked with family gatherings, feasting, and the exchange of gifts, reflecting the importance of family and community. In contrast, American culture has its own set of holidays and traditions, such as Christmas, Thanksgiving, and Halloween. These holidays often involve family reunions and community celebrations, but also emphasize individual expression and fun.**Conclusion**The differences between Chinese and American cultures are vast and diverse, reflecting the unique histories and values of each society. As a college student, it is crucial to understand and appreciate these differences tofacilitate effective cross-cultural communication. By embracing the beauty and richness of both cultures, we can create a more inclusive and understanding world.**中美文化差异:一幅丰富多彩的画卷(中文版)** 在全球文化的大画卷中,中美文化差异尤为引人注目且色彩缤纷。
中美文化差异作文模板英语Introduction:Cultural differences are a fascinating aspect ofinternational relations and personal interactions. When comparing two of the world's most influential countries,China and the United States, these differences become even more pronounced. This essay aims to provide a template for discussing the cultural disparities between these two nations, focusing on key areas such as social etiquette, communication styles, and educational values.Body Paragraph 1 - Social Etiquette:In China, social harmony is highly valued, and this is reflected in the importance placed on saving face and maintaining relationships. For instance, Chinese people often engage in indirect communication to avoid confrontation. In contrast, Americans tend to be more direct and assertive, which can sometimes be perceived as rude in Chinese culture. Additionally, the concept of 'guanxi' or personal networks is crucial in Chinese business and social interactions, whereasin the USA, individualism and self-reliance are more commonly emphasized.Body Paragraph 2 - Communication Styles:Communication is another area where significant differences can be observed. Chinese communication often relies on non-verbal cues and context, with a focus on subtlety and nuance. The use of high-context language means that much of themessage is implied rather than explicitly stated. On the other hand, American communication is typically low-context, meaning that messages are conveyed directly and explicitly. This difference can lead to misunderstandings if not properly navigated.Body Paragraph 3 - Educational Values:Education is a cornerstone of both cultures, but the approach to learning and the values associated with it differ. In China, there is a strong emphasis on respect for authority and tradition, with a focus on rote memorization and exam preparation. The educational system is competitive, and academic achievement is often linked to social status. In the USA, the educational philosophy tends to encourage critical thinking, creativity, and self-expression. American students are often encouraged to challenge ideas and to think independently.Conclusion:Understanding the cultural differences between China and the USA is essential for fostering effective communication and cooperation. By recognizing the unique social etiquette, communication styles, and educational values of each culture, individuals can navigate cross-cultural interactions more successfully. As our world becomes increasingly interconnected, the ability to appreciate and adapt to these differences will only grow in importance.Remember to structure your essay with a clear introduction, body paragraphs that explore each topic in depth, and a conclusion that summarizes the main points. Additionally,providing examples and perhaps personal experiences can make your essay more engaging and relatable.。
When comparing the cultures of China and the United States,one can observe a myriad of differences that stem from their distinct histories,philosophies,and social structures.Here are some key aspects where these cultural differences manifest:munication Styles:Chinese culture tends to be more indirect in communication, often relying on nonverbal cues and context to convey meaning.American culture,on the other hand,is known for its direct and explicit communication style,where people are encouraged to express their thoughts and opinions openly.2.Family Values:In China,the family unit is highly valued,with a strong emphasis on respect for elders and maintaining family harmony.The concept of filial piety is deeply ingrained.In contrast,American culture places a significant emphasis on individualism, with younger generations often encouraged to become independent at an early age.cation:Chinese education is traditionally more focused on rote learning and academic achievement,with a competitive environment that values high test scores.The American education system is more holistic,emphasizing creativity,critical thinking,anda variety of learning experiences beyond academics.4.Work Ethic:The Chinese work culture is often characterized by long hours and a strong dedication to work,with a hierarchical structure that demands respect for authority. The American work culture tends to value worklife balance and encourages innovation and initiative from all levels of the workforce.5.Social Hierarchy:Chinese society has a more pronounced social hierarchy,with respect for authority figures deeply rooted in the culture.American society is more egalitarian,with a belief in the equality of all individuals regardless of their social status.6.Food Culture:Chinese cuisine is diverse and regional,with an emphasis on the balance of flavors and the use of various cooking techniques.American cuisine is known for its diversity as well,influenced by immigrants from around the world,but also characterized by convenience and portion sizes.7.Religion and Spirituality:China has a mix of religious beliefs,including Buddhism, Taoism,and Confucianism,which often coexist and influence each other.The United States is predominantly Christian,but it is also home to a wide range of religious beliefs and practices,reflecting its diverse population.8.Public Behavior:In public spaces,Chinese people might be more reserved,with less physical contact and a preference for maintaining personal space.Americans aregenerally more open to public displays of affection and physical contact among friends.9.Holidays and Festivals:Chinese festivals are deeply rooted in tradition and often have specific rituals and customs,such as the Lunar New Year and the MidAutumn Festival. American holidays are a mix of religious,national,and cultural celebrations,such as Thanksgiving,Independence Day,and Christmas.10.Attitude Towards Time:Chinese culture tends to have a longterm perspective on time, valuing patience and the gradual unfolding of events.American culture is often characterized by a focus on efficiency and a preference for immediate results. Understanding these cultural differences is crucial for effective communication and collaboration between people from China and the United States.It also enriches the global community by celebrating the diversity of human experiences and perspectives.。
中美文化差异英语作文英文回答:Cultural differences between China and the United States are vast and varied, encompassing everything from social norms and etiquette to values and beliefs.One of the most striking differences between the two cultures is the way that people interact with each other. In China, it is customary to maintain a sense of formality and respect in social interactions, even among closefriends and family members. This is reflected in the way that people address each other, using titles such as "Mr." or "Ms." and avoiding using first names until a close relationship has been established. In the United States, on the other hand, people tend to be much more informal and casual in their interactions, using first names and nicknames even with strangers.Another key difference between the two cultures is theway that people view time. In China, time is often seen as a fluid concept, and people are generally more flexible and patient when it comes to meeting deadlines or appointments. In the United States, on the other hand, time is seen as a more linear concept, and people tend to be more punctual and structured in their schedules.In terms of values and beliefs, there are also some significant differences between the two cultures. In China, there is a strong emphasis on collectivism, withindividuals expected to put the interests of the group above their own. In the United States, on the other hand, there is a greater emphasis on individualism, with people encouraged to pursue their own goals and aspirations.These are just a few of the many cultural differences between China and the United States. While these differences can sometimes be challenging to navigate, they can also be a source of great enrichment and learning. By understanding and appreciating the differences between the two cultures, we can build bridges of understanding and create a more harmonious world.中文回答:中美文化差异十分广阔且丰富,从社会规范、礼仪到价值观和信仰,无所不包。
【个人简历范文】一方水养一方人,中西方的文化也是有差异的,用英语描写一下你所知道德1中西方的文化差异吧。
下面是为你整理的有关中西文化差异的高中英语作文,希望你喜欢!描写中西文化差异的英语作文范文篇1Through I am a Chinese,I have some west country friends.They lived in China for many years, from their tone ,I know that there are many cultural difference between West and China.Such as difference of dinner manners……In west countries ,when people are having dinner ,if one of them want to go to a WC.He or she shoud say”Excuse me ,I want to go to the toilets…”Only in such a way can others think you are of good manners.And in the bathroom,you can relieve the bowels, wash you faces, refine the make-up ,pick your teeth and so on.When you finished yourself,you can return to you set.A wonderful dinner can be continue.But in China,there are some different of it.When you want to have a bath,you shoud only say”I want to go to washroom”.That just means:I want to go out for a while.If you finished you dinner ,you can also say:”I'm full”That means:I am full ,help youselves.And then ,you can go out to have a rest or walk.That just some of the difference of dinner manners in west and in China.When we face it in the future ,don`t forget that!描写中西文化差异的英语作文范文篇2Long history in China in 5000, western social process of world 56 a hundred years.China is brilliant abundant, great and deep food culture;The western nation then has delicately and particularly , from become the food civilization of system.Medium the west food cultural collision, exchanges and melted into whole mankind's civilization to fill up with wear colourful function.Medium the Spanish turn of the difference of educated medium west food culture of difference, but this kind of difference come from medium the west different mode of thinking with conducting philosophy.This text introduced a medium Spanish to turn in the difference of food.West food from the food idea, food object, food method, food ownership and property etc. carry on the comparison of the culture.描写中西文化差异的英语作文范文篇3There are many difference between China and America such as in the field of geography ,culture, language ,politics ,economy and education with the development of science and technology .The word get even more smaller ,the communication between them is more frequent . Our country, China absorbs the essence and doesn’t eliminate the bad thing . Because a proverb ever since said when the fresh air come in ,the flies will also accompany it . At times we may not determine our countries’ geographyand culture . But the system of politics economy , especially family education can be decided by the individuals . As the main body of the education is parents’ child . Though each parent tries their best and strives to teach their children very well, there are still some problems in it . In order to tackle them, I’ll give some detailed analysis of the difference of family education between China and American.描写中西文化差异的英语作文范文篇4My dream is to study abroad in the future. I am always that kind of life can come true soon. But, before I realize my dream, I have to do some preparation. I think the most important thing I need to do first is to adapt the life there. It is said that there is a big difference between the eastern and western culture. If I know nothing, it is easy for me to have culture conflict. It will put me into an embarrass place. For example, dragon is the leader for all animals and it has holy good meaning in china. But it means violence in the western country. I need to learn as much the cultural conflicts as possible to make my oversea life become easier.我的梦想是以后可以去留学。
中美交际文化差异The cultural differences between China and the United States are profound and diverse, shaping the way peoplefrom both countries interact and communicate. In this essay, we delve into some of the most significant differences in interpersonal communication between China and the US, exploring how these disparities can lead to misunderstandings and challenges in cross-cultural interactions.Firstly, the concept of personal space differs greatly between the two cultures. In the US, individuals tend to value their personal space highly, preferring to maintain a certain degree of physical distance even in social gatherings. This is reflected in daily greetings, where Americans often greet each other with a handshake or a casual hug, but typically avoid overly intimate contact. Conversely, in Chinese culture, closer physical proximityis often seen as a sign of warmth and friendship. It is common for Chinese people to stand closer to each other when conversing, and greetings often involve more physical contact, such as hugging or patting on the back.Moreover, the role of eye contact in communication varies between China and the US. In Western culture, maintaining eye contact is considered a sign of sincerity and respect. Americans tend to look directly at the person they are speaking to, emphasizing the importance of personal connection and attention. However, in Chinese culture, excessive eye contact can sometimes be interpreted as aggressive or disrespectful. Chinese people often adopt a more subtle gaze, focusing on the other person's forehead or nose rather than their eyes, as a way of showing politeness and deference.Additionally, there are differences in the way people express their opinions and feelings. Americans tend to be more direct and assertive in their communication, openly stating their thoughts and feelings without much reservation. This straightforwardness is valued in Western culture as a sign of honesty and confidence. In contrast, Chinese people often adopt a more indirect and circumspect approach to communication. They may hesitate to voice their opinions directly, preferring to couch their thoughts in委婉的语言 or suggestions rather than declarative statements. This is due to the strong emphasis on harmony andcollectivism in Chinese culture, which encouragesindividuals to prioritize the feelings and needs of the group over their own.Finally, the use of humor and sarcasm in communication also differs between China and the US. Americans often use humor and sarcasm as a way of lightening the mood and breaking down barriers in social interactions. This can sometimes lead to misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication, as sarcasm can be difficult to detect and interpret for those not accustomed to it. In Chinese culture, humor is generally more subdued and less sarcastic, reflecting the importance of maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict.In conclusion, the cultural differences between China and the United States in interpersonal communication are numerous and complex. Understanding and respecting these differences is crucial for effective cross-cultural communication and the establishment of meaningful relationships between people from different backgrounds. By being aware of and adapting to these cultural nuances, we can overcome potential misunderstandings and barriers,fostering greater understanding and cooperation between China and the US.中美交际文化差异中美之间的文化差异深远而多元,这些差异塑造了两国人民互动和交流的方式。
中美饮食文化差异英语作文(不少于六句话)全文共10篇示例,供读者参考篇1Oh, hello everyone! Today I want to talk about the differences between Chinese and American food culture. It’s super interesting, so let’s get started!First, Chinese food is usually cooked in a wok and the dishes are often served family style. That means we all share the food and eat from communal plates. In America, meals are usually served on individual plates and everyone eats their own portion.Next, Chinese people like to eat a lot of vegetables and use chopsticks to eat. American food often has a lot of meat and is eaten with a knife and fork. Also, Chinese people prefer to drink hot tea with their meals, while Americans might have soda or juice.In China, we have traditional foods like dumplings, noodles, and rice. In America, they have hamburgers, pizza, and hot dogs. Both countries have their own delicious snacks and desserts too!One thing that’s the same in both countries is that food brings people together. Whether you’re sharing a meal with friends or family, it’s always a special time.I love trying new foods from different cultures because it’sa fun way to learn about the world. So, next time you’re eating, think about how food can connect us all! Thanks for listening, bye!篇2Oh, hi there! Today, I'm gonna talk about the differences in food culture between China and the United States. It's super interesting, so let's get started!First of all, Chinese food is totally different from American food. In China, we love to eat rice, noodles, stir-fried dishes, and dumplings. It's all about sharing our food with family and friends. But in America, they love their burgers, pizza, and hot dogs. They also have a lot of fast food restaurants like McDonald's and KFC.Another difference is the way we eat our meals. In China, we use chopsticks to pick up our food and eat it. It's a skill that takes lots of practice, but it's so fun once you get the hang of it. In America, they use forks, knives, and spoons to eat their food. It's a lot easier, but not as exciting as using chopsticks!Also, the flavors of our food are different. Chinese food tends to be more savory and spicy, with lots of herbs and spices. American food is often sweeter and more greasy, with lots of cheese and sauces. Both are delicious in their own way, but they're definitely not the same!Overall, food plays a big role in both Chinese and American cultures. It's a way for us to connect with our family and friends, and to celebrate special occasions. So whether you're enjoying a bowl of noodles or a slice of pizza, remember to savor every bite and appreciate the cultural differences that make our world so diverse and delicious!篇3Wow, do you know that there are a lot of differences between Chinese and American food culture? Let me tell you all about it!First of all, Chinese people love to eat hot pot! It's like a big pot of soup where you can cook all kinds of delicious things like meat, vegetables, and noodles. In America, they don't really have hot pot. They prefer things like burgers, fries, and pizza.Secondly, Chinese people eat a lot of rice. It's like the main food in every meal. But in America, they eat a lot of bread instead.They have sandwiches, bagels, and all kinds of yummy bread products.Another big difference is the use of chopsticks. In China, we use chopsticks to eat almost everything. It's just how we do things. But in America, they use forks and knives for everything. They think chopsticks are so hard to use!Lastly, Chinese people like to have a lot of dishes in one meal. We believe in having a balanced meal with different flavors and textures. In America, they just have one main dish with maybe a side salad or some veggies.So you see, there are a lot of differences between Chinese and American food culture. But no matter what, food is always a big part of our lives and brings us all together. Let's enjoy all the yummy food from both countries!篇4Title: The Differences between Chinese and American Food CultureHey everyone! Today I want to talk about the differences between Chinese and American food culture. It's super interesting because there are so many cool things to learn about!First, let's talk about Chinese food. In China, food is a super important part of life. We have so many delicious dishes like dumplings, noodles, and rice. We also have lots of different flavors like sweet, sour, bitter, spicy, and salty. And we love to share our food with family and friends!Now let's chat about American food. In America, people love to eat burgers, pizza, hot dogs, and fries. They also have a lot of fast food like McDonald's and KFC. Americans like to have big portions of food and they love to try new things from all around the world.One big difference between Chinese and American food culture is the way we eat. In China, we use chopsticks to eat our food. But in America, people use forks, knives, and spoons. It's really interesting to see how different our eating habits are!Overall, both Chinese and American food cultures are really cool in their own way. We can learn a lot from each other and try new foods to see what we like. So let's keep exploring and enjoying all the yummy foods out there! Thanks for listening!篇5In China, we eat with chopsticks and in America they use forks and knives. It's so cool how different our food cultures are!In China, we have a lot of yummy dishes like dumplings, noodles, and stir-fried veggies. We also have a lot of different flavors like sweet and sour, spicy, and savory. I love how colorful our dishes are and how they always look like a work of art.But in America, they have things like hamburgers, hot dogs, and pizza. They also have huge portions and a lot of fast food places. It's so different from what we eat in China!Another big difference is how we eat meals. In China, we usually have a big family meal where everyone shares dishes and talks together. But in America, they often eat alone or with just a few people. It's interesting how food can bring people together in different ways.Even though our food cultures are different, I think it's cool to learn about other countries and how they eat. Maybe one day I can try eating with a fork and knife like they do in America!篇6Oh wow, food is so yummy, right? I want to talk about the differences between Chinese and American food cultures. It's so cool to see how different countries have different kinds of food!In China, we eat a lot of rice and noodles. They're so tasty and we eat them with all kinds of yummy dishes like stir-fried vegetables, pork ribs, and tofu. And don't forget about dumplings! They're the best, especially during Chinese New Year. We also have lots of soups like hot and sour soup or wonton soup. And for dessert, we love to eat sweet red bean soup or tangyuan.But in America, they love to eat burgers and fries. They're so juicy and delicious! And they have this thing called pizza, which is like a big, round piece of bread with cheese and toppings. They also love to eat hot dogs with ketchup and mustard. And for dessert, they have ice cream sundaes and apple pie.In China, we have a saying, "we eat everything with chopsticks." But in America, they use forks and knives. It's so interesting to see how different our cultures are when it comes to food.I think both Chinese and American food cultures are amazing in their own way. They're both delicious and unique in their own special way. I can't wait to try more foods from around the world!篇7Hey guys, do you want to know about the differences between Chinese and American food culture? Let me tell you all about it in a super fun way!First of all, let's talk about breakfast. In China, people usually eat porridge, steamed buns, and pickled vegetables for breakfast. But in America, they love to have pancakes, bacon, and eggs. Yummy!For lunch, Chinese people often have rice, vegetables, and meat dishes. While in America, people like to have sandwiches, burgers, and fries. It's so cool to have different types of food, right?Now, let's talk about dinner. Chinese dinners are usually shared with family and friends, and there are usually many dishes to try. But in America, people often eat quickly and on the go. They love fast food like pizza and hot dogs.And let's not forget about desserts! In China, people love sweets like mooncakes and red bean buns. While in America, they go crazy for ice cream, cookies, and cakes. Everything is so delicious!Overall, both Chinese and American food cultures are amazing in their own way. It's so cool to learn about differenttraditions and flavors from around the world. Let's try new foods and embrace the yummy diversity of our world! Bye-bye!篇8Oh, let's talk about the differences between Chinese and American food culture! It's super interesting!First, in China, we love to eat rice as our main food while Americans love to eat bread and mashed potatoes. Rice is a big part of every meal in China, but in America you can find sandwiches and burgers everywhere. It's so cool to see how different countries have their own special foods!Next, Chinese people like to eat a lot of vegetables and fruits, while Americans love their fast food and snacks. We have delicious dishes like stir-fried vegetables and fresh fruit for dessert, but in America you can find hot dogs, French fries, and pizza on every corner.Also, Chinese food is often cooked using a wok and lots of different spices like soy sauce and ginger, while American food is often grilled or fried with simple seasonings like salt and pepper. It's fun to see how chefs in different countries use different cooking techniques!Lastly, Chinese people enjoy sharing dishes with their friends and family, while Americans prefer to have their own individual meals. It's so cool to see how food can bring people together in different ways around the world.In conclusion, Chinese and American food cultures are super different but both are delicious in their own unique ways. It's exciting to try new foods and learn about different traditions through eating. Yummy!篇9Hey guys, do you know that there are a lot of differences between Chinese and American food culture? Let's talk about it today!First of all, the most noticeable difference is the staple food. In China, we love to eat rice as our main food. We have it at almost every meal, like breakfast, lunch, and dinner. But in America, they prefer to eat bread and potatoes as their main food. They have sandwiches, burgers, and fries all the time! It's so different from us, right?Secondly, the way we eat is also very different. In China, we use chopsticks to pick up our food and eat it. It's a traditionalway that has been passed down for generations. But in America, they use a knife and fork to cut their food and eat it. Some people even use their hands to eat certain foods, like pizza and burgers. It's so interesting how different our eating habits are!Another big difference is the variety of dishes. In China, we love to have a lot of different dishes on the table during meals. We have vegetables, meat, soup, and more. It's like a feast every time we eat! But in America, they usually have one main dish and maybe a side dish or two. It's much simpler compared to the variety of dishes we have in China.Lastly, the flavors of the food are also different. Chinese food tends to be more savory and full of different spices and seasonings. We love the taste of garlic, ginger, and soy sauce in our dishes. But in America, the food is often sweeter and more bland. They love to use ingredients like sugar and butter to enhance the flavor of their dishes.In conclusion, even though Chinese and American food cultures are different, they both have their own unique qualities that make them special. It's interesting to learn about the differences and similarities between the two cultures. What do you guys think? Let me know in the comments below!篇10Title: The Differences Between Chinese and American Food CultureHey everyone! Today I want to talk about the differences between Chinese and American food culture. You know, in China, food is really important to us. We have so many delicious dishes like dumplings, noodles, and Peking duck. We also have a lot of festivals that are related to food, like the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Spring Festival. It's really cool how food can bring us together as a family.But in America, the food culture is a little different. They have hamburgers, hot dogs, and pizza as their favorite foods. They also love to have BBQ parties with their friends and family. American food is really tasty, but it's also a bit different from what we're used to in China.Another big difference is the way we eat. In China, we use chopsticks to eat our food, while in America they use knives and forks. It's funny how something as simple as eating utensils can be so different in different countries.Overall, the food culture in China and America is unique in its own way. Both countries have delicious dishes and traditionsthat are worth trying. So next time you have the chance, why not try some Chinese or American food and experience a different culture? It's a fun way to learn more about the world around us.。
描写中美文化差异的大学英语作文English:One major cultural difference between China and the United States is the concept of individualism versus collectivism. In the US, individualism is highly valued, with emphasis placed on personal achievement and independence. People are encouraged to express their opinions and pursue their own goals. On the other hand, in China, collectivism is prominent, with a strong emphasis on family and community. Harmony and conformity are valued, and individuals are expected to prioritize the needs of the group over their own desires. This fundamental difference in cultural values can be seen in various aspects of life, including social interactions, decision-making processes, and attitudes towards authority.Chinese:中国和美国之间的一个主要文化差异是个人主义与集体主义的概念。
在美国,个人主义受到高度重视,强调个人成就和独立性。
人们被鼓励表达自己的观点并追求自己的目标。
文化差异的英语作文带翻译篇一:英语作文中美文化差异the differences and similarities between Chinese culture and American culturethe differences and similarities between Chinese culture and American culture Every country has their own culture, which can stand out their differences. There are lots of differences and similarities between Chinese culture and American culture.As for the difference, firstly, cultural differences on politeness between American and Chinese can be found in many aspects of daily communication, including addressing, greeting and parting, compliments, apologies, thanks and so on. For example, when people meet acquaintances or friends, people usually greet each other. In America, people often employ the following expressions to greet each other "Good morning/evening/afternoon. or "Fine day, isn't it? While in Chinese, we always say "have you eaten since and "where are you going? to show our consideration. Secondly, it's communication. A majority of Chinese people are accustomed starting the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea. In China no majorbusiness is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. However, in America, a final agreement will normally be signed in person. However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, conducting teleconferences to settle problems not only in this country but also-by satellite-internationally.In spite of they have these differences, they have some similarities. In the china we think when we do some important things, we must spendsome. American for the most part costs a part time in important things. So in the culture of deal to in significant things, China and America has some similarities.In my opinion, we must respect the different culture.篇二:中西方文化差异英语作文In my view, it is not surprising that Mr. Jones and Mr. Wang had a so unpleasant conversation, because it caused by the different culture between East and West.Modesty is one of the national characters of Chinese people, which can be proved by those stories about modesty in the history of China. When praised in public, the Chinese may deny it to show the modesty, though he is happy to hear that. However, the Westerner may just say “thank you”to express happiness.If I were Mr. Wang, I would say “Thank you for your praise, and Iwill keep working hard to do better”. As far as I am concerned, excessive modesty is just hubris, so we should receive the praise with happiness and do better.If I were the boss, I would study the different culture more to understand the staff. As the old saying goes, do in Rome as Rome does. So only if the boss know the difference in the culture and do the right things, can he motivate the staff more appropriately to make more money.篇三:英语作文-东西方文化差异-Cultural differencesCultural differencesThere are plenty of. people in the world. They come from different countried, have theirown race, belief and way of life. What is more, their culture is different from others'. So,there is no doubt that cultural difference exist among lots of countries, especially betweeneastern and western countries.Compared with the way of life, eastern people always have a bath in the evening or atnight in order to relax themselves after one-day's hard work while western people take abath in the morning. so as to keep freshly for the whole day. Ingeneral, it is true,especially for Chinese people. We, Chinese people would like to take baths at night ratherthan in the morning. It is a kind of habits we behave all the time.Compared with the relationships, differences are as follow: firstly, eastern people like tomake friends, sometimes through their friends, parents, relatives. While western peoplebehave a little shyly. They do not want to make friends all the time. Secondly, easternpeople would like to hang out with the person they do not know about quite a lot. whilewestern people just like going out with the person whom they get along well with.Finally, eastern people have much more friends than western people for their quitedifferent way of getting along with. their friends. There is no doubt that eastern peopleare more outgoing than western people, so I agree with these a lot.As for way of solving problems, eastern people always deal with things indirectly. Theypay much attention to many things around them, and always workfor a long time to solvethe problem. However, western people just go straight the heart of the problem and solveit directly and efficiently. As far as I am concerned, this difference between eastern andwestern people is quite normal and correct. Eastern people, especially Chinese peoplecare about things around them a lot, they always want to satisfy everyone's need, so thatthey spend much more time to solve a problem than western people.As for way of thinking, people in eastern areas usually think indirectly. They used tothink about the things around them a lot and try to deal with things in a reasonable evenperfect way. However, in comparison with the eastern people, people in the western areasoften think directly. They pay less attention to the things around them and care muchmore about themselves. Honestly speaking, I disagree to this.In my opinion, everyone isspecial and has their right and obligations to do things. There isno need for us to critiseothers and what we should do is to respect their own. decision.There are a lot of differences between easte(转自: 千叶帆文摘:文化差异的英语作文带翻译)rn and western culture. These are the symbolsof their own characteristics and we need time to dig out more differences so as to learnmore about them. Most importantly, we must respect their culture firstly!。
中美文化差异,英语作文中美文化差异,英语作文篇一:中西文化差异比较(英文)The difference between chinese and western cultureWith the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows.First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive.This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but notsnake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the opposite, some English-speaking contries, most of the people like to seat in two rows, two people face to face. They have their own plate. On the aspect of table manners, there are many differences between chinese and English-speaking people. For example, in some Englishi-speaking countries, Bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage glasses are to the right. Salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from themain plate than the main course knife, fork and spoon. When eating bread rolls, break off a piece before buttering. Use the knife only to butter the bread, not to cut it. They should not start eating before your host does or instructs to do so. At larger meals, it is considered okay to start eating once others have been served. When finished, place the knife and fork together at five o’clockwith the fork on the left. It is considered rude to answer the telephone at the table. If need to take an urgent call, excuse self and go outside. Try to eat all the food you are served. But in China, the table manners are different. Chinese traditionally eat rice from a small bowl held in the left hand. The rice bowl is raised to the mouth and the rice pushed into the mouth using the chopsticks. Some Chinese find it offensive to scoop rice from the bowl using a spoon. If rice is served on a plate, as is more common in the West, it is acceptable and more practical to eat it with a fork or spoon. The thumb must always beabove the edge of the bowl. The host should always make sure the guests drinks are sufficiently full. One should not pour for ones self, but should offer to pour for a neighbor. When your drink is being poured, you should say "thank youand tap fingers on the table to show appreciation. When people wish to clink drinks together in the form of a cheer, it is important to observe that younger members should clink the edge of their drink below the edge of an elder to show respect.Secondly, the way of communication. Form birth to death, communication plays an integral part in our life. There are some language problems, including the different styles of using language such as direct, indirect; expansive, succinct; argumentative, conciliatory; instrumental, harmonnizing; and so on. These different styles can lead to wrong interpretations of intent and evaluation of insincerity, aggreeiveness, deviousness, or arrogance, among other. The misinterpretation nonverbal signs and symbols such as gestures, postures, and other body movements. It is a definite communication barrier. But it is possible to learn the meanings of these observable message,usually in informal rather ways. It is more difficult tounderstand the less obvious unspoken codes of the other cultures. Language, as the carrier of culture, is created during the process of human beings’productive labor and serves as the toolof communication to convey the message between people. However, it has been endowed with magic and power in particular language acts. As the old saying goes, troubles come out of the tongue. Superstitious people think that the language itself can bring about fortune or misfortune so that taboos to restrict the use of language are created. Anyone who violates them will get punishment, whereasthose who faithfully obey the restrictions of language taboo will get protection. Furthermore, linguistic taboos change with the development of society .The paper firstly analyzes the evolution of linguistic taboo. It is indicated in the paper that linguistic taboo exists in almost every aspect of people’s life and is a universal social phenomenon in China and Britain. Both Chinese andEnglish cultures are in agreement about linguistic taboos such as pronunciation taboo, and vocabulary taboo. However, influenced by different cultural backgrounds, ideologies and the concepts of value, Chinese and English linguistic taboos also have differences, as is discussed in the paper from the aspects of taboo subjects, taboo numbers and names. At last, this paper puts forward two effective ways of avoiding taboo, that is, using euphemism and having a good knowledge of the taboo culture. And this discussion would help English learners improve their ability of cross-culturalcommunication and achieve better communicational effects. For example, During the feudal times, people were not equal tothe rulers and were suppressed by their superiors. The distinction between the upper and the lower classes was also reflected in the evaluation of the language used by them respectively. The words of upper class used were considered good and elegant while those used by the lower class were regarded as vulgar and indecent and should be avoided in the speech of ladies and gentlemen. In modern society, as a result of the development of science and technology, many natural phenomena are no longer mysterious. Human beings not only constantly improve their abilities to exploit the world where they are living through their great wisdom and knowledge, but also make efforts to explore the extraterrestrial world. Science has much more say in today’s society. Thereby, the superstitious elements in linguistic taboos decrease while those reflecting spiritual civilization increase.In short, by comparison, we can find that both Chinese and English communication reflect people’s psychology for good will, for safety and fortune and pleasantness. The Chinese and English people restrict their words and deeds through taboos, trying to keep a harmonious relationship between human and nature, or between people and society. They are a reflection of people’s pursuit offreedom and equality.The most important, the different way of family structure, family values and family education. Family structure is the big difference between east and west, traditional chinese, amony many other Asians, repect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents` sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous burden in the English-speaking countries, where aging and family support are not honored highly. In some English-speaking countries are still extrmely family-oriented. They are dedicated to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an edcuation. In turn, the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who go away and leave the country for the economic reasons typically send large parts of their salary home to their parents and the rest of the family. Or in some Asia, any decisions or actions are done from family consideration, not individual desires. Peope`s behavior is judged on whether itbrings shame or pride to the family. The children are trained to rely on their families, to honor elderly people, and to fear foreigners. And many of them think that their actions in this life will influencetheir status in the next life.The way of family edcation is also the different. We all know the family education is the elementary education for children. Many serious problems have appeared in our education system in recent years. Almost everyone has realized the importance of solving these problems and many people have presented a lot of valuable suggestions. There are many types of family education in the world and each of them shows distinctive features and is closely responsive to its culture. And American family education is the most famous one among them. There are great differences in the concepts of education, methods of education and results of education between East family education and West family education. In some English-speaking countries, parents’aims are to train their children to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently.Based on this concept, most American parents emphasize more to train their children’s ability of independence once they are born. They generally believe that children’s growth must rely on their own experiences, because they think that children should form a self-supporting will and the capacity to live independently since their childhood. And the capacity comes from the training in the early age. The so-called training contains many aspects, such aswork, temper will, patience, the spirit of hard work, etc. However, the most fundamental training is the ability of adapting to hard conditions. Through the process of work, children will form the labor sense, learn some work skills and form a habit of labor. Besides, children can learn how to overcome difficulties, temper their willpower, develop their talents and skills, rich their knowledge, and form a habit of hard work and thrifty by working in hard conditions. It is just in the unconsciously process that children will obtain the independent survivability and take the responsibilities for the society. Compared with some English-speaking countries, Chinese parents have a very different concept of children’s education. Some parents in China only care about whether the children have a promising future, a good job, a good life or not. Based on these expectations, the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future. Chinese parents would like to provide everything what they can for their children in the process of children’s growth. In short, they would like to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help. Therefore, in the process of children’s growth, the most important thing the parents concerning is to developing theirchildren’s intellect, except forcaring children’s daily lif e. In order to make their children have a good performance in study, become outstanding, or even become a famous person in the future, they would not let children do anything except studying. As for the children’s independence, civic awareness and their ability adapting to the society in the future, they consider little or not at all. From these aspects we can find the obvious differences of family education between America and China.When we faced with those difference between West and East, we should give some advice to solve these problems. According to the three big difference that pointed, we should find some way to deal with these problems.We can study other languages and learn to expect in nonvwebal forms and other cultural aspects. We can train ourselves to meet intercultural encounters with more attention to situation details. We can use an investigative approach rather than stereotypes and preconceptions. We can gradually expose ourselves to differences so that they become less threatening. We can even learn to lower our tension level when needed to advoid triggering defensive reactions. The overall goal should be to achieve intercultural communication competence.So the ideal solution to reduce the problems are to shareknowledge with others in communication. This is why it is easiest to communicate with other members of the same group. This is why people so often gather together socially with others who are very much like them. Since intercultural communication is communication with members of different cultual groups, and therefore, because we do not share knowledge, assumptions, values, and forms of discourse with them, we must expect thereto be problems of interpretation. We must look for these problems, anticipate where they will arise out of our differences, and then plan our aommunications to be as effective as possible. However, we have to remember that, most of the time, the different ways that are the customs of dfferent cultures are neither right nor wrong. It is simply that different people do the same tings in different manners, even though we can not understand ,we should show the respect. I believe this is the best way to make our life become more comfortable and make the world more harmonious.篇二:中美文化对比(大学英语作文)Chinese Education Is SuperiorThe born of a baby is considered as a blessing to a family, while the family education will in turn leave a brand on the baby’s future. I was born in a Chinese family with western education system. I’mwell respected. I’m growing up without any fence. But reflecting on my personal upbringing, I can tell you with certainty that Chinese Education is superior.Firstly, in a regulated Chinese family, the rules for family are the core of its education system, which could ensure children staying away from some bad habits. The rules Chua set up contributed to her children’s promising victory over long turn. But in my family, there is no such notion. At my formative year, I could stay up late enough to embrace the suise. Consequently, I always suffered from drowsiness at class. Worse still, my poor eyesight due to it has become a handicap to me. Therefore, Chinese strict rules are necessary, especially for a young child.Secondly, grade, nowadays, is an important scale to value a student’s ability. Chua never a llowed here children to get anygrade less than an A. The pressure from the parent pushed her children to absorbedly focus on their study so that they could meet withher expectation. Gradually, her children would enjoy the privilege of mastering all the subjects. By way of contrast, when I failed in my exam, my parents feigned nonchalance about the result of the exam. No blame. No punishment. I still could read my comic book like a carefree girl. Taking their infinite tolerance for granted, I didn’t even f eel sorry for my poor grades next time.Thirdly, it is common for me to complain about everything. Why there is so much homework? Why I should take the exams? Why my efforts refuse to pay off? It seemed that I couldn’t bear the whole world. But Chua said No complain, which means her children must be decisive and independent enough to push their way through all the difficulties. Traditional Chinese education tells us you fight or you die. That is the essence of life.All in all, Chinese education is superior, because it equips children with armor before the war, which has been proved to be the best way to protect them from self-defeating in the battlefield.Words count:381篇三:中美文化差异英语作文Differences Between Chinese Culture and American CultureI have been living in China for twenty years. I was born in JiangSu province, and also grew up in there. My family members were from different parts of China. My mom’s hometown is at the Huabei plain which is the north side of The Yellow River. However, my father grew up in Nanjing, the famous city which locates beside the Yangzi River.Most of people in southern China are used to have rice as their daily main food resource, but northern China mostly has wheat. But no matter which part of China, meat is not the major food for us.Chinese people always believe that rice, wheat, vegetable, fruit are the best for our health. In contrast, meat would give more troubles to our health, for example, heart attack, high blood pressure, and etc.But people in America, mostly have meat as their food resource. The most important is that they mostly have beef, chicken, shrimp, turkey, instead of pork and lamb. In restaurants, you can easily find hamburger, steak, ribs with a little rice and a piece of bread. I believe that the food style gives American people much more energy than we have. They are much stronger than us. That is the fact!I have heard of an interesting story about Yao Ming, who is one of the famous NBA player right now. During his first season in NBA, millions of people are attracted by his height and his cute smile. However, he is not strong enough to play NBA game yet! He ever told the reporter that he likes to have soup that his mom makes for him. Soup could not help him, only steak, cheese, butter could make him stronger and gives him more energy. In order to increase his competition, he has to be used to American food style!“Custom is the great guide of human life”, wrote Scottish philosopher David Hume. Knowing the customs of a country is, in effect, a guide to understanding the soul of that country and itspeople. As a foreign language leaner, we should know the culture in our target language’s country. Only in this way, wecan really learn the language well.People express their culture through traditions in food, clothing, recreation, and ceremonies; through the education system and institutions of learning, including museums and libraries; and through the arts, encompassing the visual, literary, and performing arts. As a result, we will talk about the differences from some aspects.First, I will mention the addressing. In China, we will put the family names before our given names, and then in order to express our politeness, we would like to add “sir”or “lady”or their title after the name. On contrast, in America, people would like to put their family names after their given names and first names and they will put Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms, Dr. orProf. before their names. It is foremost and first for us to know these differences so that we won’t make misunderstandings.And then we will talk about time conceptions. In America, their living beat is quite fast, so they consider time is quite precious. So, when they accept an invitation, they would try their best not to be late, but they also don’t go early to the inviters’, as this is considered to be impolite, and it seems to disturb the inviters’preparation. In China, we should also not be late for the inviters. However, in order to show our thanks and politeness, we would go to the inviters’house to help them prepare the meals and then we will have a happy time together.To open a conversation, people in different countries have different ways. In China, when people meet their friends by chance, they will say.”Where are you going?”or “have you eaten?”and then they will go on talking about other things. Butif you do this in America, you will be misunderstood that you want to invite him or her. Americans would like to say,”beautiful day, isn’t it?”to open a conversation even sometimes it is raining. It is not because the Americans can predict the weather but for the sake of customs.Let me come to the aspect of eating. Chopsticks are used for all meals in China. Food is placed at the center of the table and may include more than one type of main dish to be eaten with rice. All the food will be shared by all the persons and won’t be divided into several helps. While in America, they would use forks and knives for their meals. Every person has his own dishes and they won’t share one dish together. They think this is quite hygienic and they will enjoy their meals comfortably. However, what they eat is not so healthy, because they would like to eat a lot of meat and something with high calorie. Maybe it is good for them to obtain more fibersand keep a healthy body.Finally, I would like to mention something about the difference in marriage. Besides the ceremony for marriage has obvious difference----Americans will hold it in a church, while Chinese will hold it in a hotel inviting their relatives and friends to have dinner----their marriage notion has quite a lot of differences, too. From all these aspects, we can think of many differences in values, such as the notion of social statues, collectivism and socialism, the treatments to children and so on. In fact, we cannot say which one is right, which one is wrong, as we all know Americans and Chinese are not in the same group, people on the opposite side of the globe can never achieve the thousandth part of the group on the other side of the globe. What we should do is to learn the difference, and then we canreally learn the difference well.。
The different food culture in China and AmericaAs an old saying goes, “there are three important things when you in the outside, which are eating, wearing and living.” Just as we can see, “eating” is in the first place, eating is really important in ever yday life in China. And diet is also a kind of culture. And when we meet others by chance, we often talk about diet. And the most remarkable difference is the food culture when we compared with two countries’ differences. Just as XuXiong pointing out that, the reasons which caused the different food culture in China and America are the different culture, customs, history, atmosphere, nutrition values and economic condition and so on. And the people now think superficially that the largest difference is that most of Chinese people eat something using chopsticks, while in America they use knife and fork. In fact, there are many deep different levels which are usually neglected, for example, the diet attitudes, the diet manners, the diet environment and any other things. Now I will make some explanations about the different food culture in China and America.1、Different Diet AttitudesIn China, we will eat something with sensibility. When we choose what to eat, we will care more about the color, the smell, the taste, the shape and the device. Because our nations in the past many years, the productive level is very low, and many people are always hungry, they can’t eat enough food. So if a kind of culture treats eating as the most important thing, there will appear two situations. On one hand, this function of eating will be played to maximize, not only for surviving, but also for using it to maintain health, which is the cultural basis of “if you want to keep health, you’d better choose to enjoy some delicious foo d rather than take medicines”. On the other hand, if paying too much attention on food, it will make people often pursuit the delicious food.While Americans maybe more rationality. When they eat something, the things they care most are the nutritious value, such as the protein, thefat, the vitamin, the minerals and the carbohydrate. And this attitude on food is connected with the whole western philosophy. Metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy. The object of study of western philosophy is the reasons of things. And this kind of philosophy has brought vitality to western culture, which leads to the rapid development on sciences, psychology and methodology. But in other aspects, this philosophy advocates play a hinder role, such as food culture. In the banquet, they also pay attention to tableware, to materials and to service, but no matter how luxury, from Los Angeles to New York, the steak is only one taste, which has no arts to speak of. As a dish, chicken is chicken, steak is steak, even with other matches , there will be happened in the plate, for example a “French lamp chops” ,the potatoes will be on the left side next to the lamp chops, while the right side will place boiled green beans and a few slices of tomatoes. It will form strong contrast on the color, while the tastes about all kinds of materials are unrelated to each other.2、Different Food ObjectsIn America, they think the foods are used just to eat, so they often eat a large piece of meat, the whole chicken and other “hard food”. However in China, we eat something is mainly enjoying the taste of it. So the Chinese cooking also show great randomness on the selected materials. And many things which are abandoned by the westerners will be treated as excellent materials in China. The things which foreign chefs cannot handle can achieve something magic when they are in Chinese chefs’ hands.According to a survey of western botanists, Chinese food has more than 600 kinds of vegetables, which is six times more than it in the west. In fact, in Chinese dishes, the vegetables is a kind of common food, and meat dishes only on holidays and festivals or with higher living standard will appear in the normal diet, so from ancient times ,there is an old saying “fresh vegetables”, which means ea ting vegetables , having a main effect on normal diet. Chinese people use plants as main courses, which has closest contact with Buddhists. They treat animals as “beings”, whiletreating plants as “no souls”. Therefore, they advocate vegetarianism.However, when the Americans introduce the characteristics of their own country’s food, they think they care more about the nutrition than the Chinese. And in America, it has many developed food industries, such as canned food, fast food, etc. Although these kinds of food have the same taste, they can save time and include good nutrition. Therefore, the people’s body in their country is stronger than the Chinese people. They are tall with long legs, broad shoulders and well-developed muscles. According to the different food objects between China and America, somebody called the Chinese plant character, while the Americans animal character.3、Different Ways of EatingThere is a large difference in the ways of eating, which has an impact on the national character. In China, a banquet, no matter what purpose, there will be only one form, which is everyone sitting in a circle, sharing one table. And this kind of banquet should use round table, which can create a atmosphere of unite, courtesy and fun. The delicious food put on the table’s center, it is not only the object of taste, but also is a kind of medium to exchange feelings. People toast to each other and take food to others, which reflect the mutual respect between people and the virtue of courtesy. Although from the healthy point of view, this way of diet has obvious shortcomings, it is consistent with our nation’s mentality of reunion, reflecting the classical Chinese philosophy of “harmony”, which is more convenient to exchange each other’s emotions. Thus it is v ery difficult to reform.While in the western-style banquets, although the food and wine are very important, they still treated as foils. Friendship is the core of the banquet. And they reach this purpose through communicating with the guests who are next to.If compared the friendship of a banquet with dance, it can be said that, Chinese banquet is like a dance together, while western-style banquet likea dance of men and women. From it, we can see that the purpose of banquet’s friendship is very obvious in both Chinese and American banquets. The difference is that, Chinese banquet reflects the all seats of friendship, while western-style dinner reflects the friendship between the neighboring guests.The most obvious difference about the ways of eating is buffet. This method is that all the food is listed on the table. Everyone can take what they need, not fixed to the seat, and move freely to get what they want to. This way provides a convenient channel to exchange emotions between individuals. And they do n’t have to make all the words they said known by all people. It also shows the westerners’ pursue of personality and self-respect. However, to some extent, eating by oneself and no disturb to others, will seem lack a kind of sentiment about celebrating together and being happy together.In a word, the different food culture between China and America is about the attitudes, which in china is emotional and in America is rational. However, this difference seems to being changed with the development of science and becoming fuzzy. More and more Chinese people don’t only focus on the food’s color, smell and taste any longer. They also make more emphasis on food’s health and nutrition, especially after experiencing SARS. What’s more, as to the busier work, they th ink cook Chinese food is too bothered. It is rather convenient to have a hamburger instead. Therefore, the difference on the diet is not clear now.。