英汉互译简明教程-Translation Techniques

翻译课程第8讲正说反译和反说正译广西师范学院《英汉互译（一）》课程教案编号: 15-8 开课单位：外语系授课教研室：翻译写作课程名称：《英汉互译（一）》授课教师：唐旭光教材：《新编英汉互译教程》，授课对象：06级英语专业2、3、5班《英汉互译（一）》第八讲正说反译与反说正译（Conversion Between Positive and Negative Expressions）17. He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.他提醒了我，要不然我就会把这事忘了。

7. 原文中的介词在译文里从反面表达18. The book is beyond the knowledge of a five-year-old child.这本书五岁孩子读不懂。

19. I am embarrassed to write of “God’s presence”. God is off my beat.我决不会就“上帝的存在”挥笔撰文，上帝不属于我工作的范围。

20. Child-development experts warn parents against placing unreasonable expectations on school-age children.儿童成长专家警告说，家长不要对学龄儿童寄予不合理的期望。

21. How delightful it would be, I thought, to have months of clean snow and a landscape sparkling with frost instead of innumerable gray featureless days of rain and raw winds.我想，如果我们这里经常是个冰雪积月、霜华璀璨的景色，而不是像现在这种苦雨凄风永无尽期的阴沉而乏特色的日子，那该会多么令人喜悦啊！22. His behavior is above praise.他的行为不止是值得称赞的。

UNIT 3 CONVERSIONConversion, one of the commonly adopted translation techniques, means the change of parts of speech in translation.Owing to the syntactical differences between English and Chinese, it is usually impossible for a translator to keep to the original part of speech in the process of translation.For example:This watch neve r varies more than a second in a month.这块表一个月的误差从不超过一秒钟。

The English verb “vary” can hardly be rendered into Chinese by the same part of speech without spoiling the original meaning.In fact, a word belonging to a certain part of speech in one language sometimes has to be converted into a different part of speech, so as to bring forth a readable and coherent sentence.I. Conversion in English-Chinese Translation1. Converting into VerbsOne of the most remarkable differences between English and Chinese syntax is the use of the verb. It is taken for granted that an English sentence contains no more than one predicate verb, while in Chinese it is not unusual to have clusters of verbs in a simple sentence.Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water.住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。

郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】第3章翻译常⽤的⼋种技巧⼀、翻译下列各段。

注意翻译术语的适当运⽤，尤其是有关翻译技巧的定义1. There are in the main eight techniques and principles in translation, either from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English. They are: diction, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, negation, division and repetition.【答案】不管是英译汉还是汉译英，主要有⼋条翻译技巧(和原则)，即选词⽤字法，增译法，减译法，词类转移法，词序调整法，正说反译法、反说正译法，分译法和重译法。

2. By “diction” we mean proper “choice of words” in translation on the bas is of accurate comprehension of the original.【答案】所谓“选词⽤字法”，就是在正确理解原⽂的基础上适当地选择词语。

3. Repetition is useful chiefly for clearness, which is of course the first quality to be acquired in a discourse. Secondly, words are repeated also for the sake of emphasis or force, which is another important quality in expression. Lastly, repetition will give life to the discourse and make it more attractive.【答案】重译法之所以有⽤，第⼀是它可使译⽂明确(明确是衡量语⾔质量的第⼀个标准)；第⼆是为了强调，使语⾔有⼒(这是衡量语⾔质量的另⼀重要标准)；第三是为了使译⽂⽣动形象，引⼈⼈胜。

UNIT 6 RESTRUCTURINGRestructuring, as one of the translation techniques, means the necessary or inevitable change of word order in a sentence according to the usage of the target language. It is also called rearrangement or inversion.I. Different Word Orders in English and Chinese1. Different Modes of ThinkingIn the process of translation, we often have to adjust or rearrange the word order owing to the different syntaxes of English and Chinese languages. Generally speaking, English sentence patterns tend to put the near distance, the minor and specific first, in a weak-strong sequence, while the Chinese sentence patterns are on the contrary, putting the far distance, the major and general first, in a strong-weak sequence, as shown in the following illustration.English sentence patterns Chinese sentence patternsMinor ......................... MajorNear ......................... FarSpecific .......................... GeneralWeak ........................... Strong•His address is 3612 Market Street, Philadelphia, P A. 19104, USA.他的地址是美国宾夕法尼亚洲费城市场街3612号,邮政编码19104。

能够每天坚持收听VOA的Newsnow，Ourworld，BBS的24 Hour News和CNN的相关新闻广播。

如果辅助北外的Listen 2 This高级本是最好的了。

Week 01 简明翻译教程翻译的定义：翻译是许多语言活动中的一种，它是用一种语言形式把另一种语言形式里的内容重新表现出来的语言实践活动。

这一活动分为口头与书面两种。

（Interpretation and translation）有时在不同国家的不同语言之间进行，有时在同一国家的不同民族或不同区域的语言之间进行，但这种实践活动更多的应用于前者。

翻译是一门艺术，是语言艺术的再创作。

一篇译文在定稿之前，一般都要经过许多次修改，才能达到较高的水平。

一部名著经常会有树种译本并存。

一个译本的反复修改，同一原著的各有千秋的不同译本，都体现了翻译的艺术性。

如果说把写作比成自由舞蹈，翻译就是带着手铐脚链在跳舞，而且还要跳得优美。

因为原著的创作不受语言形式的限制，而翻译既要考虑到对原著的忠实，又要按照译文的语言规则来表达原文的意思。

从这个意义上来将，翻译并不比创作容易，有时甚至更难。

翻译的目的：世界语言繁多，导致了翻译的必要性。

我们翻译课的开设，其目的就是在掌握汉语和英语这两种语言的基础上，结合不断的翻译实践，学习翻译中的各种技巧，提高翻译水平。

通过翻译，对已经掌握的听、说、读、写的能力可以进行一次全方位的检验，找出漏洞，弥补不足，并使这些能力在综合运用中得到巩固和提高。

学习英语的主要目的是搞翻译，而翻译又可以反过来进一步促进英语学习。

翻译的标准：早在汉朝和唐朝，就有“文”与“质”之争。

文就是强调翻译的修辞和通顺，可读性。

质强调翻译的不增不减，忠实性。

体现了意译和直译之争，但有片面性。

1898年，严复（《天演论》）提出的“信”、“达”、“雅”，即忠实原文、文字典雅。

（适合部分文学作品）1951年，傅雷提出文学翻译应该“传神”论，“以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。

The Spring DawnSlumbering, I know not the spring dawn is peeping,But everywhere the singing birds are cheeping.Last night I heard the rain dripping and wind weeping,How many petals are now on the ground sleeping.Mounting the Stock TowerThe white sun sets behind mountains,The Yellow River flows into the sea.Go further up one flight of stairs,And you’ll widen your view a thousand Li.Chapter 6 Differences Between Chinese And English1．writing system:Chinese: ideographic system （表意文字）English: alphabetic system （表音文字）1.family:C: Sino-Tibetan familyE: Indo-European family2.type:C: analytic E: syntheticFineness3.tone:C: tone language E: intonation language5. Relationships between the vocabularies of the two languages1)Correspondence: proper names, nounsoverall strength of the country, to pay sb. IOU, 知识产权false correspondence:淡水，salt solution 盐水，学习知识acquire knowledge，强硬政策tough policy，好票，穷山恶水barren mountains AND untamed rivers 2）Inclusion: 胡子(moustache, whiskers, beard),beauty (beauty contest, beauty shop, beauty specialist，the magazine's beauty editor)3）Intersection:骑墙fence-sitter ，票：请买票。