专门词语词义泛化研究
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Classified Index: CODE:10075 U.D.C: NO.:033349 A Dissertation for the Degree of M. Arts The Study on Non-specialization of the Acception of Technical Terms Candidate:Song Chunshu Supervisor:Associate Prof. zhang li Academic Degree Applied for:Master of Arts Specialty:Chinese Linguistics Date of Oral Examination:May, 2006 University:Hebei University 摘 要
I摘 要 本文从《汉语词典》(1962年版)、《现代汉语词典》1978年版、2002年版、2005年版收录的词义泛化的专门词语入手,结合从各大报刊媒体收集到的、目前正处于词义泛化过程中的专门词语,采用定量分析和定性分析相结合的研究方法,从以下几个方面对专门词语词义泛化这一语言现象进行了探讨。 在大量调查的基础上,本文对专门词语词义泛化从数量、学科领域分布、词性分布、发展过程等方面进行了历时和共时的分析。从数量上看,词义泛化的专门词语呈现出递增的趋势;从学科领域上看,词义泛化的专门词语所涉及的学科领域不断增多,在分布上呈现出不平衡性;从词性上看,词义泛化的专门词语以名词、名词性词语和动词、动词性词语为主,词义发生泛化后,专门词语的语法性质基本不变;从过程上看,专门词语的词义泛化是一个动态发展过程。在对专门词语词义泛化进行全面描写和分析的基础上,总结了专门词语词义泛化的生成规律。首先,专门词语发生词义泛化一定有一个词义生发点;其次,专门词语的词义泛化是一个循序渐进的过程,一般要经过三个阶段:即专门词语的专业义在日常生活中较为熟知,专门词语在非专业语境中高频使用,非专业的语境临时义抽象归并为稳定的泛化义。 专门词语的词义泛化有广泛的社会原因、语言自身原因和认知原因,其中人类隐喻性的思维方式是造成专门词语词义泛化最重要的深层心理机制。在隐喻性思维方式的作用下,人们以一种概念来表达另一种概念,在两个概念域之间形成映射,因此人们常常以专门词语专业义上的词义生发点为契机,通过相似性联想,把专门词语用于非专业领域,从而使专门词语的词义发生泛化。专门词语的词义泛化具有广阔的发展前景,它是语言词汇丰富化的重要途径,也是固有词语衍生新义的重要方式,它具有独特的语用价值和越来越深厚的社会基础。 通过对专门词语词义泛化的分析和探讨,可以使我们对这一语言现象有一个全面系统的了解和认识,还可以从一个侧面展示现代汉语词汇词义发展演变的过程,从一定程度上反映语言和社会的共变关系。 关键词 专门词语;词义泛化;定量分析;隐喻Abstract
IIAbstract Starting with the technical terms of non-specialized acceptation(TTNA) which are embodied in A Chinese Dictionary (edition of 1962) and The Modern Chinese Dictionary (edition of 1978, 2002 and 2005), Combining some other technical terms which are collected from the press and media ,which are still in the process of non-specialization of acceptation, and adopting the research method of combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, this article discusses the technical terms of non-specialized acceptation from the following aspects: On the basis of plentiful research, this article diachronically and synchronously analyses TTNA from the aspects of quantity, the distributing of subject fields and part of speech, and the process of development. In terms of quantity: the amount of TTNA presents the current of increase by degrees. In terms of subject field, TTNA has been in the process of increase and has shown un-balanced feature in distribution. In terms of part of speech: TTNA mainly includes nouns, nominal words and expressions, verbs and verbal words and expressions, and after the non-specialization of the acceptation, the grammatical character of the technical terms does not change. In terms of the course: non-specialization of acceptation of the technical terms is a dynamic course of development. On the basis of comprehensive description and analysis of the non-specialization of the acceptation of the technical terms, the creating rules of it are summed up in this article. First, there is a “starting point” in the non-specialization of the acceptation of the technical terms; second, the non-specialization of the acceptation of the technical terms is a step-by-step course, normally there are three stages, that is the professional meaning of the technical terms is well known; technical terms are frequently used in the non-professional context; the temporary meaning in the non-professional context is abstractly merged into steady non-specialization meaning. There are many reasons for the non-specialization of the acceptation, besides the comprehensive social cause and the cause of the language itself; the most important deep-seated mental mechanism is the human’s metaphorical way of thought. Because of the Abstract
IIImetaphorical way of thought, people use one kind of concept to express another one and form a mapping between the two conceptual domains. Therefore, in terms of the professional acceptation “starting point” of the technical terms, through the association of comparability and by using the technical terms into the non-professional field, people achieve the non-specialization of acceptation. There is a bright future for the non-specialization of the technical terms, and it is an important approach to enlarge vocabulary, and it is also an important method for concrete words to produce new meaning, and so it has a unique pragmatic value and more and more profound social foundation. Through the analysis and research of the non-specialization of acceptation, not only can people comprehensively and systemically understand this language phenomenon, but also bring forth the development and evolvement of the acceptation of the contemporary Chinese, and the analysis and research can reflect the co-variation of language and society. Key Words: technical terms; quantitative analysis; metaphor 目 录