听力unit7

Unit7II. Listening Skills1. W: How much money is the rent for an apartment in this neighborhood?M: Your rent should be about a quarter of that.Q: How much should be the woman’s rent be?2. M: I paid $3,500 for this digital camera. It was on sale at a 30$ discount.W: It’s a real bargain.Q: How much did the camera cost originally?3. M: What’s the rate for an economy car?W: The daily rate is $32, unlimited mileage.Q: How much will the man pay if he rents the car for a week?4. M: I’ll take these sweaters. How much do they cost?W: They are $180 each and four makes a total of $720. But today we are offering a 20% discount.Q: How much does the man have to pay?5. W: What an old car you’ve got!M: Well, it had run 12,000 miles when I bought it second hand. And it’s covered 3,080 miles since then.Q: How many miles has the car run?1.B2.A3.A4.D5.BIII. Listening InTask 1: It’s time to buy.Mike: Hey, Robert, where are you off to?Robert: I’m going to talk to a banker about a loan.Mike: You are short of money? I thought you were the saving type.Robert: There’s a time to save and a time to spend.Mike: I know all about spending. What’s the loan for? I have a few bucks I could…Robert: I’m considering getting a mortgage to buy some property.Mike: Do you think property is a good investment? I mean, it’s a lot of money.Robert:Well, Mike, as you know, property values have been going through the roof. If I had bought an apartment two years ago, its value would have gone up by 30 percent today. Mike: And from what I know, interest rates are low now.Robert: Exactly. Sounds like a good time to buy.1. a banker a loan2.saving save spend3. a mortgage property4.Property values5.risen/gone up/increased by 30 percentTask 2: Can I have my change please?Tom was down on his luck and felt he needed a few drinks. Hw went to a bar and had several drinks. When he was done, he stood up and walked toward the door. The barman shouted after him, “Hey mister, are you going to pay for those drinks?”Tom turned around and replied, “I have already paid you,” and then walked out of the bar. Almost immediately he saw one of his friends Richard and told him about the barman, “Just go in there and drink all you want, then get up and leave. When the barman asks you to pay the bill, just tell him you have already paid.”This sounded easy enough, so Richard went in and has several drinks. The barman went to him and said, “Before you came in, another man was here. When I asked him to pay his bill, he told me he’d paid, but I don’t remember him paying me.”Richard said, “I would love to stay and hear your story, but I don’t have time. Can I havemy change please?”1. A2.B3.D4.C5.CTask 3: Why not just print money?What’s the solution to a recession, a time of little economic activity? Just print money! Sounds reasonable, doesn’t it? Let’s see if this will work by using an example.Let’s pretend that all the students in your class make up the ENTER population of the country, and the teacher represents the government. Let’s also pretend each student has exactly $1.00.Since we are in a recession, let’s have the teacher, who represents the government, print money. He prints $1.00 more for everyone. Now everyone has $1.00 more to spend. More money to spend sounds like a great way to get us out of recession, since more money to spend means demand for goods and services.Then if that works, why don’t we give MORE money away? How about $100? Now we have lots of money to spend. So no more recession, right?Not really, because we have only looked at one side of the problem. As more and more people receive more and more money, what’ll happen?Since everyone has more money, the students all go shopping to spend that extra money. This causes the demand for goods and services to rise, and people who sell goods and services raise price. For example, if you could buy a new music CD at $10 in the past, now the price could be $1,000! This is called inflation.So, the original reason for printing all this money was to help get us of recession, but we have only replaced one problem with another.1.T2.T3.F4.F5.FIV. Speaking OutModel 1 I want to blow it all.John: Hey, Se-Jin, do you want to come shopping with me? My dad just gave me my monthlyallowance and I want to blow it all.Se-Jin:That sounds just like you, John! What do you want to buy?John:I don’t know…Some music CDs, maybe.Se-Jin: If you spend all that money on things you don’t even know if you want, you won’t have any money left when you need it.John:But if I just save my money, that doesn’t s sound like much fun either. Besides, I need some new CDs.Se-Jin: You also need a financial advisor!Model 2 Can money buy everything?Peter: I’m trying to think of ways to become rich. If I could get my hands on a lot of money, I’ll be really happy.Jane: Do you really think so? I’m not so sure.Peter: Of course, why wouldn’t I? I’d be able to have anything I want.Jane: Well, there are plenty of people who have a lot of money but aren’t happy. What do you say to that?Peter: But if I became a millionaire, I’d buy whatever I wanted.Jane: Can you buy true love? Can you buy the moon?Peter: Maybe not, but I can buy a house with a lot of modern conveniences.Jane: So many people think like you do, buy look at all the divorces, suicides and murders among wealthy people. How do you explain that?Peter: Maybe there’s something in what you said.Model 3 I wonder if you could give me a loan.John: Hey, Se-Jin, I was just on my way to find you.Se-Jin: What’s up, John?John:Se-Jin, I’m kind of broke, and you usually have a bundle tucked away. I wonder if you could give me a loan.Se-Jin: Dream on! I’m hard up myself.John:You see, I want to buy some new stereo equipment, and I’m just about a hundred short. Se-Jin: Why not save up for it?John:The stores have all stuff on a huge sales promotion right now. I could save at least 30 percent!S-Jin: John, I’d lend you money if you were in a jam. But a new stereo isn’t an emergency. John: Then I’m afraid I have to find someone who is more easy-going.V. Let’s TalkStory of a MiserThere was a miser who loved money more than anything else. Just before he died, he said to his wife, “Now, listen. When I die, I want you to take all my money and put it in the casket with me. I want to take my money to the afterlife with me.”He made her promise with all her heart that when he dies, she would pit all the money in thecasket with him. Then he died. He was laid in the casket, his wife was sitting there wearing black, and her friend was sitting next to her.When they finished the ceremony, just before the undertakers got already to close the casket, the wife said, “Wait a minute!” She had a box with her. She came over with the box and put it in the casket.Then the undertakers locked the casket down, and they rolled it away. He friend said, “Girl, I know you weren’t fool enough to put all that money in there with your husband!”She said, “Listen, I’m a Christian. I can’t go back on my word. I promise him that I would put all the money in the casket with him.”“You mean you really put that money in the casket with him!?”“I surely did,” said the wife. “I wrote him a check.”1.more than2.money casket3.promise4.in the casket5.sitting black6.next to/beside7.close8. a box9.away/off10.foolish all that money/the money11.a Christian on her word12.put the money13.a checkVI. Furthering Listening and SpeakingTask 1: Giving Money to a BeggarSusan: Hey, Robert, you gave that beggar some of your hard-earned cash?Robert: I know. He looked as if he needed help.Susan: Buy you’re always so careful with your money.Robert: Yeah, I guess so, but I like to help when someone’s in need.Susan: I just wonder why the guy doesn’t get a job and make his own living.Robert: It’s just not that simple, Susan. Some people have a hard time of it in life.Susan: Maybe they waste all their money. If you give them money, they will just go on wasting it. Robert: Life has been good to me, Susan, and I’d like to share some of my luck.1.the beggar2.as if3.help4.careful with/about5. a job6.people7. a hard time8.waste9.share10.good luckTask 2: Buying a MachineAn American manufacturer is showing his machine factory to a potential customer. At noon, when the lunch bell rings, two thousand men and women immediately stop working and leave the building.“Your workers, they’re escaping!” cries the visitor. “You’ve got to stop them.”“Don’t worry, they’ll be back,” says the American. And indeed, an exactly one 0’clock the bell rings again, and all the workers return from their break.When the tour is over, the manufacturer turn s to his guest and says, “Well, now, which of these machines would you like to order?”“Forget the machines,” says the visitor. “How much do you want for that bell?”1.T2.F3.F4.T5.TTask 3: An Introduction to Credit CardsCredit cards are plastic cards issued by a bank or other financial institutions allowing the holder to buy goods and service without using cash. Many American don’t like to carry much cash. For them the cards are convenient and safe to use.Credit cards are gaining popularity, even for buying small items. They are accepted almost everywhere, though not at fast food restaurants.Credit cards allow you to purchase things that you may not currently have the money to buy. When you use a credit card, the credit card company that issued the credit card pays the store. Later, a bill will be mailed to you by your credit card company for the amount you purchased. At that time, you can either pay the bill in full, or only pay a minimum amount, and wait till later to finish paying. If you wait till later, you will owe the credit card company interest on the amount that you do not pay.1.D2.C3.B4.C5.A。

新视野商务英语视听说下册第7单元听力原文Listening Practice Task 2-1 (B for Buyer; S for Seller)S: Can I help you, sir?B:I’d like some information about your microwave ovens.S: OK. What would you like to know?B: What’s your most popular model?S: Well, our most popular model is the B414. Here, this one. As you can see, it looks good and the price is low.B: What’s the target market?S: It’s for people with small kitchens.B: I see. How many colours?S: It comes in 3 colours– white, black and grey. The white one is the best seller. B: Does it have any special features?S: Yes, its user-friendly design. You can try it to see. It’s easy to operate.B: Hmm, how about the warranty?S: 12 months.B: And how much is it?S: The trade price is 48 US dollars.B: That’s not bad. One more question: what about delivery?S: We can deliver within 5 days.B: OK. Thank you. I’ll get back to you. Task 2-2 (S for Seller; C for Caller)S: Hello. Jason Office Products. What can I do for you? C: I’m calling about office furniture and equipment.S: Could you tell me what you need? C: Well, I think we need 2 filing cabinets with locks that are suitable for files with large pages. Is that type of cabinet available?S: Yes. We have 3 kinds of those cabinets available right now, two with three drawers and one with 4 drawers. C: I prefer the one with four drawers. It will hold more files , right?S: Yes, but it takes up more room. It’s 54-and-a-half inches high and 16 inches wide. C: That’s fine. Hmm…I need to know how deep each dr awer is.S: 39 inches. C: What’s the unit price?S: It has been selling for a 20% discount since yesterday. It’s only $748 now. C: It’s still expensive.S: Yes, it’s not cheap, but I’m sure it’s the best cabinet you’ll find in town. It’s all steel and the guarantee period is 18 months! C: Have you got any wooden computer desks?S: Yes, we have some very stylish multipurpose wooden desks. C: How big are they? S: They come in different sizes. C: You see, our office is not large. The desk can’t be wider than 50 inches.S: In that case, I would recommend the SAFCO desk. It’s 48 inches wide, 27 inches deep and about 30 inches high. C: That will fit perfectly! How much is it?S: The list price is $289, but you can have it now for $199. It’s on sale. C: That’s not bad! I’ll probably take it.S: Would you like to place an order now? C: Oh no, not yet. I need to look at it before I buy it.S: I think you’re right. C: Oh, I forgot one more thing: the printer! You sell printers, don’t you?S: Yes, we have a big collection of printers here. Which brand and model would you like? C: I’m not sure. I think we want something inexpensive but good quality.S: I suggest you buy the EPSON inkjet colour printer. It’s the best choice if you have a limited budget since it only costs about $112. C: How big is it?S: It’s quite small in size, about 8 inches long, 6 inches wide and 4 inches high.S: Well, that sounds like what I want. I’ ll drop in this afternoon. Thank you.C: My pleasure.3. Language Focus A Task 1Do you have friends or family members you would like to see more often? When you phone colleagues, would you like to see their faces? The ViaTV Desktop videophone means that you can! As you can see, it’s small, elegant and ideal for the office or home, even fo r business trips. It’s very easy to set up: all you need is a touch-tone phone. You don’t need a computer or any special software. It’s also very easy to use, as easy as making a normal telephone call. The ViaTV Desktop videophone has many features. Fist, it has full-colour motion video which means you can see the other person’s gestures and changes of expression. The picture quality is excellent. Second, it has an adjustable picture setting that enables you to change the mode to get an ideal image even for viewing designs or documents. Third, its audio quality is exactly the same as the normal telephone call. In addition, the ViaTV Desktop videophone has a preview mode so that you can check what you look like before the other person sees you! And finally, the privacy mode is an important feature. You can use it to block the image but keep the voice connection. Now, of course, just as any means of communication, it’s worthwhile to have a set. We have a special offer on at the moment, so now is the time to buy the ViaTV Desktop videophone. Put yourself in the picture! 4. Video 1 (B for Buyer; S for Seller)S: Good morning.B: Good morning. Having you got the Canon iR2270 photocopier?S: Yes, madam. It’s right here.B: Great! How much is it?S: Let me see… iR2270, hmm, $2450.B: Woo, it’s not cheap!S: Yes, the price is a bit high, but it makes the best copies in the shortest time. It has been the best seller for 3 months.B: I know it’s good. We have one in our office. But I’m afraid my boss won’t like t he price. Can you give discounts for bulk? We want to buy 4 of them.S: In that case, we can cut the price to $2330.B: $2330… That’s about a 5% discount. Right?S: Yes, that’s the lowest price we can offer.B: OK. How long is the warranty? One year?S: Three years from the date of purchase.B: Good. How about its after-sales service? You know, photocopiers have jamming problems all the time. It’s a real nuisance!S: I can assure you that you won’t have much problems with this model. Besides, we offer free on-site service for the length of the warranty. And then $150 a year after that.If there’s something wrong with the machine, just contact us. We’ll send a technician over as soon as possible.B: Good. And what about the guarantees?S: Well, there’s a 7-day money-back guarantee if you’re not satisfied with the machine. Or if you have any problems, just bring it in and you can have a refund. B: Fine. Oh, one more thing. How soon can you deliver them to our office?S: Well, I’m afraid there’s a slig ht delay on orders at the moment. We could send them to you at the end of the month.B: You mean we have to wait for 3 weeks!S: I’m afraid so.B: That will be too late! We need them next week.S: Er, how about this one, iR2010? We have plenty of this in stock. If you place the order now, you can have them by tomorrow at noon.B: I don’t know. How does it compare with iR2270?S: They are a similar size and have similar functions. The only difference is iR2270 can print 22 copies a minute, while iR2010 prints 2 copies less.B: That doesn’t matter. How much is this one?S: $2200 each, if you buy 4.B: $2200. That’s…S: That’s $130 less than the iR2270.B: Sounds not bad. I think we could have these.S: Do you want to place the order now?B: Yes. But can you first show me how it works?S: Sure. You see these buttons here? 5. Language Focus B Task 1 From Honda Motor Company comes a new small, lightweight humanoid robot named ASIMO that is able to walk in a similar manner to a human being’s.。

Unit 7 Will people have robots?Section A, 1bBoy 1：Do you think people will have robots in their homes in 100 years?你认为百年内人们家中都会有机器人吗？Boy 2：Yes, I do. I saw a robot on TV, and it cleaned the kitchen.是的，我在电视上看到一个机器人清扫厨房。

Boy 1：Well, I don’t think people will use money.哦，我认为人们将不会使用钱币。

Boy 2：Do you think everything will be free?你认为一切都将会是免费的吗？Boy 1：Yeah, probably.是，很可能。

Boy 2：I think there will be only one country.我认为将只会有一个国家。

Boy 1：Only one country in the world? Will there be world peace?世界上只有一个国家？那将会有世界和平吗？Boy 2：I hope so.我希望如此。

Boy 1：I think kids won’t go to school. They’ll study at home on computers.我认为孩子将不会去学校。

他们将会在家通过电脑学习。

Boy 2：Oh, I disagree.哦，我不同意。

Boy 1：You do?是吗？Boy 2：Yeah, there will always be schools.是的，学校将会一直存在。

Section A, 2a, 2bMs. Steen：OK, now I want to hear everyone’s predictions about the future.好，现在我想听听大家对未来的预测。

Unit 7Task 1【答案】A.1) In a mental asylum.2) He was a member of a committee which went there to show concern for the pertinents there.3) They were cants behaving like humans.4) He was injured in a bus accident and became mentally ill.5) He spent the rest of his life in comfort.B.painter, birds, animals, cats, wide, published, encouragement, A year or two, The Illustrated London News, cats' Christmas party, a hundred and fifty, world famous 【原文】Dan Rider, a bookseller who loved good causes, was a member of a committee that visited mental asylums. On one visit he noticed a patient, a quiet little man, drawing cats. Rider looked at the drawings and gasped."Good lord, man," he exclaimed. "You draw like Louis Wain!""I am Louis Wain," said the artist.Most people today have never heard of Louis Wain. But, when Rider found him in 1925, he was a household name."He made the cat his own. He invented a cat style, a cat society, a whole cat world," said H. G. Wells in a broadcast appeal a month or two later. "British cats that do not look and live like Louis Wain cats are ashamed of themselves."Before Louis Wain began drawing them, cats were kept strictly in the kitchen if they were kept at all. They were useful for catching mice and perhaps for keeping the maidservant company. Anyone else who felt affection for cats usually kept quiet about it. If a man admitted that he liked cats, he would be laughed at. The dog was the only domestic animal that could be called a friend.Louis Wain studied art as a youth and became quite a successful newspaper and magazine artist. He specialized in birds and animals, including dogs, but never drew a cat till his wife was dying. They had not been married long, and during her illness a black-and-white cat called Peter used to sit on her bed. To amuse his wife, Louis Wain used to sketch and caricature the cat while he sat by her bedside. She urged him to show these-drawings to editors, fie was unconvinced, but wanted to humour her.The first editor he approached shared his lack of enthusiasm. "Whoever would want to see a picture of a cat?" he asked, and Louis Wain put the drawings away. A year or two later he showed them to the editor of The Illustrated London News, who suggested a picture of a cats' Christmas party across two full pages. Using his old sketches of Peter, Louis Wain produced a picture containing about a hundred and fifty cats, each one different from the rest. It took him a few days to draw, and it made him world famous.For the next twenty-eight years he drew nothing but cats. He filled his house with them, and sketched them in all their moods. There was nothing subtle about his work. Its humour simply lay in showing cats performing human activities; they followed every new fashion from sea bathing to motoring. He was recognized, somewhat flatteringly, as the leading authority on the feline species. He became President of the National Cat Club and was eagerly sought after as a judge at cat shows.Louis Wain's career ended abruptly in 1914, when he was seriously injured in abus accident and became mentally ill. Finally, he was certified insane and put in an asylum for paupers.After Dan Rider found him, appeals were launched and exhibitions of his work arranged, and he spent the rest of his life in comfort. He continued to draw cats, but they became increasingly strange as his mental illness progressed. Psychiatrists found them more fascinating than anything he had done when he was sane.Task 2【答案】A.1) Because he was always trying new things and new ways of doing things just like a young painter.2) It didn’t look like her.3) It was the only picture she knew that showed her as she really was.4) People from the poorer parts of Paris, who were thin, hungry, tired, and sick.B. 1) F 2) T 3) F 4) TC. 1881, 1973, Malaga, Spain, ninety-one yearsD. fifteen, nineteen, twenty-three, colors, darker, change, soft-colored, strange,shape, human face and figure, strange【原文】Pablo Picasso was born in 1881. So probably you are wondering why we call him "the youngest painter in the world". When he died in 1973, he was ninety-one years old. But even at that age, he was still painting like a young painter.For that reason, we have called him the "youngest" painter. Young people are always trying new things and new ways of doing things. They welcome new ideas. They are restless and are never satisfied. They seek perfection. Older people often fear change. They know what they can do best, riley prefer to repeat their successes, rather than risk failure. They have found their own place in life and don't like to leave it. We know what to expect from them.When he was over ninety, this great Spanish painter still lived his life like a young man. He was still looking for new ideas and for new ways to use his artistic materials.Picasso's figures sometimes face two ways at once, with the eyes and nose in strange places. Sometimes they are out of shape or broken. Even the colors are not natural. The title of the picture tells us it is a person, but it may look more like a machine.At such times Picasso was trying to paint what he saw with his mind as well as with his eyes. He put in the side of the face as well as the front. He painted the naked body and the clothes on it at the same time. He painted in his own way. He never thought about other people's opinions.Most painters discover a style of painting that suits them and keep to it, especially if people like their pictures. As the artist grows older his pictures may change, but not very much. But Picasso was like a man who had not yet found his own style. He was still looking for a way to express his own restless spirit.The first thing one noticed about him was the look in his large, wide-open eyes. Gertrude Stein, a famous American writer who knew him when he was young, mentioned this hungry look, and one can still see it in pictures of him today. Picasso painted a picture of her in 1906, and the story is an interesting one.According to Gertrude Stein, she visited the painter's studio eighty or ninety times while he painted her picture. While Picasso painted they talked about everything inthe world that interested them. Then one day Picasso wiped out the painted head though he had worked on it for so long. "When I look at you I can't see you any more!" he remarked.Picasso went away for the summer. When he returned, he went at once to the picture left in the comer of his studio. Quickly he finished the face from memory. He could see the woman's face more clearly in his mind than he could see it when she sat in the studio in front of him.When people complained to him that the painting of Miss Stein didn't look like her, Picasso would reply, "Too bad. She'll have to look like the picture." But thirty years later, Gertrude Stein said that Picasso's painting of her was the only picture she knew that showed her as she really wasPicasso was born in Malaga, Spain, a pleasant, quiet town. His father was a painter and art teacher who gave his son his first lessons in drawing.Young Pablo did badly at school. He was lazy and didn't listen to what the teachers were saying. He had confidence in himself from the beginning. But it was soon clear that the boy was an artist and deserved the best training he could get. Not even his earliest drawings look like the work of a child.One can say that Picasso was born to be a painter. He won a prize for his painting when he was only fifteen. He studied art in several cities in Spain. But there was no one to teach him all he wanted to know. When he was nineteen he visited Paris.Paris was then the center of the world for artists. Most painters went there sooner or later to study, to see pictures, and to make friends with other painters. Everything that was new and exciting in the world of painting happened there. When he was twenty-three, Picasso returned there to live, and lived in France for the rest of his life.He was already a fine painter. He painted scenes of town life—people in the streets and in restaurants, at horse races and bull fights. They were painted in bright colors and were lovely to look at.But life was not easy for him. For several years he painted people from the poorer parts of the city. He painted men and women who were thin, hungry, tired, and sick. His colors got darker. Most of these pictures were painted in blue, and showed very clearly what the artist saw and felt. The paintings of this "blue period" are full of pity and despair.Picasso did not have to wait long for success. As he began to sell his pictures and become recognized as a painter, his pictures took on a warmer look. At the same time he began to paint with more and more freedom. He began to see people and places as simple forms or shapes. He no longer tried to make his pictures true to life.The results at first seemed strange and not real. The pictures were difficult to understand. His style of painting was known as Cubism, from the shape of the cube. Many people did not like this new and sometimes frightening style. But what great paintings give us is a view of life through one man's eyes, and every man's view is different.Some of Picasso's paintings are rich, soft-colored, and beautiful. Others are strange with sharp, black outlines. But such paintings allow us to imagine things for ourselves. They can make our own view of the world sharper. For they force us to say to ourselves, "What makes him paint like that? What does he see?"Birds, places, and familiar objects play a part in Picasso's painting. But, when one thinks of him, one usually thinks of the way he painted the human face and figure. It is both beautiful and strange. Gertrude Stein wrote, "The head, the face, the human body--these are all that exist for Picasso. The souls of people do not interest him. The reality of life is in the head, the face, and the body."Task 3【答案】American Decorative Arts and Sculpture:colonial period, furniture, ceramics, ship modelsAmerican Art:The Far East, Islam, scroll painting, Buddhist sculpture, prints, the third millennium European Decorative Arts and Sculpture:Western, the fifth century, Medieval art, decorative arts, English silver, porcelain, the musical instrumentsPaintings:11th century, 20th century, impressionists, Spanish, DutchTextiles and Costumes:high quality, a broad selection, weavings, laces, costumes, accessories【原文】Welcome to the Museum of Fine Arts. Boston has long been recognized as a leading center for the arts. One of the city's most important cultural resources is the Museum of Fine Arts, which houses collections of art from antiquity to the present day, many of them unsurpassed. Now let me introduce to you some of the collections here.The Museum's collections of American decorative arts and sculpture range from the colonial period to the present time, with major emphasis on pre-Civil War New England. Furniture, silver, glass, ceramics, and sculpture are on exhibition, as well as an important collection of ship models. Favorite among museum-goers are the collection of 18th-century American furniture, the period rooms, and the superb collection of silver.The Boston Museum's Asiatic collections are universally recognized as the most extensive assemblage to be found anywhere under one roof. Artistic traditions of the Far East, Islam, and India are represented by objects dating from the third millennium B.C. to the contemporary era. The collections of Japanese and Chinese art are especially noteworthy. The variety of strengths in the collection are reflected in such areas as Japanese prints, Chinese and Japanese scroll painting, Chinese ceramics, and a renowned collection of Buddhist sculpture.The Department of European Decorative Arts and Sculpture houses Western European works of art dating from the fifth century through 1900. Outstanding among these holdings are the collection of medieval art and the collection of French 18th-century decorative arts. Also of exceptional importance are the English silver collection, the 18th-century English and French porcelain, and the collection of musical instruments.The Museum has one of the world's foremost collections of paintings ranging from the 11th century to the early 20th century. This department is noted for French paintings from 1825 to 1900, especially works by the impressionists. The Museum's great collection of paintings by American artists includes more than 60 works by John Singleton Copley and 50 by Gilbert Stuart. There is also a strong representation of paintings from Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands.The collection of textiles and costumes is ranked among the greatest in the world because of the high quality and rarity of individual pieces and because it has a broad selection of representative examples of weavings, embroideries, laces, printed fabrics, costumes, and costume accessories. The textile arts of both eastern and western cultures are included, dating from pre-Christian times to the present.Apart from what I have mentioned, the Museum has got much more to offer, for example, the collections of classical art, Egyptian and ancient Near Eastern art, and 20th-century art. I'll leave you to explore by yourselves and enjoy your time here.Task 4【答案】A.1) specialists, specialized settings, money, sharp division2) conventions, some societies and periods3) commodityB.1) Because they lacked opportunity: The necessary social, educational, and economic conditions to create art rarely existed for women in the past.2) Because the art of indigenous peoples did not share the same expressive methods or aims as Western art.C. 1) F 2) T【原文】The functions of the artist and artwork have varied widely during the past five thousand years. It our time, the artist is seen as an independent worker, dedicated to the expression of a unique subjective experience. Often the artist's role is that of the outsider, a critical or rebellious figure. He or she is a specialist who has usually undergone advanced training in a university department of art or theater, or a school with a particular focus, such as a music conservatory. In our societies, works of art are presented in specialized settings: theaters, concert halls, performance spaces, galleries, and museum. There is usually a sharp division between the artist and her or his audience of non-artists. We also associate works of art with money: art auctions in which paintings sell for millions of dollars, ticket sales to the ballet, or fundraising for the local symphony.In other societies and parts of our own society, now and in the past, the arts are closer to the lives of ordinary people. For the majority of their history, artists have expressed the dominant beliefs of a culture, rather than rebelling against them. In place of our emphasis on the development of a personal or original style, artists were trained to conform to the conventions of their art form. Nor have artists always been specialists; in some societies and periods, all members of a society participated in art. The modern Western economic mode, which treats art as a commodity for sale, is not universal. In societies such as that of the Navaho, the concept of selling or creating a salable version of a sand painting would be completely incomprehensible. Selling Navaho sand paintings created as part of a ritual would profane a sacred experience.Artists' identities are rarely known before the Renaissance, with the exception of the period of Classical Greece, when artists were highly regarded for their individual talents and styles. Among artists who were known, there were fewer women than men. In the twentieth century, many female artists in all the disciplines have been recognized. Their absence in prior centuries does not indicate lack of talent, but reflects lack of opportunity. The necessary social, educational, and economic conditions to create art rarely existed for women in the past.Artists of color have also been recognized in the West only recently. The reasons for this absence range from the simple--there were few Asians in America and Europe prior to the middle of the nineteenth century--to the complexities surrounding African Americans. The art of indigenous peoples, while far older than that of the West, did not share the same expressive methods or aims as Western art. Until recently,such art was ignored or dismissed in Western society by the dominant cultural gatekeepers.Task 5【答案】A.1) a) 2) c) 3) b)B.Ⅰ. observant, a dog, Leather BarⅡ. Magnificent visual memory, essentialsⅢ. Rhythm, DustmenⅣ. everyday scenes, Her salty sense of humourC. 1) T 2) F 3) T 4) T【原文】Few artists can have made such an immediate impact on the public as Beryl Cook. At one moment she was completely unknown; at the next, so it seemed, almost everyone had heard of her. First, a few paintings appeared quietly in the window of a remote country antique shop. Then there were exhibitions in Plymouth, in Bristol, in London; an article in a colour supplement, a television programme, a series of greetings cards and a highly successful book. Her rise was all the more astonishing since she was completely untrained, and was already middle-aged by the time she began to paint.Faced with such a series of events, the temptation is to discuss Beryl's art in the context of naive art. This seems to me a mistake, for she is a highly sophisticated and original painter, whose work deserves to be taken on its own terms.What are those terms? If one actually meets Beryl, one comes to understand them a little better. The pictures may seem extrovert, but she is not. For example, she is too shy to turn up at her own private viewings. Her pleasure is to stay in the background, observing.And what an observer Beryl Cook is! It so happens that I was present when the ideas for two of the paintings in the present collection germinated. One is a portrait of my dog, a French bulldog called Bertie. When Beryl came to see me for the first time, he jumped up the stairs ahead of her, wearing his winter coat which is made from an old scarf. A few days later his picture arrived in the post. The picture called Leather Bar had its beginnings the same evening. I took Beryl and her husband John to a pub. There was a fight, and we saw someone being thrown out by the bouncers.The point about these two incidents is that they both happened in a flash. No one was carrying camera; there was no opportunity to make sketches. But somehow the essentials of the scene registered themselves on Beryl, and she was able to record them later in an absolutely convincing and authoritative way.The fact is she has two very rare gifts, not one. She has a magnificent visual memory, and at same time she is able to rearrange and simplify what she sees until it makes a completely convincing composition. Bertie's portrait, with its plump backside and bow legs, is more like Bertie than reflection in a mirror—it catches the absolute essentials of his physique and personality.But these gifts are just the foundation of what Beryl Cook does. She has a very keen feeling for pictorial rhythm. The picture of Dustmen, for instance, has a whirling rhythm which is emphasized by the movement of their large hands in red rubber gloves—these big hands are often a special feature of Beryl's pictures. The English artist she most closely resembles in this respect is Stanley Spencer.Details such as those I have described are, of course, just the kind of thing toappeal to a professional art critic. Important as they are, they would not in themselves account for the impact she has had on the public.Basically, I think this impact is due to two things. When Beryl paints an actual, everyday scene—and I confess these are the pictures I prefer—the smallest detail is immediately recognizable. Her people, for example, seem to fit into a kind of Beryl Cook stereotype, with their big heads and fat and round bodies. Yet they are in fact brilliantly accurate portraits. Walking round Plymouth with her, I am always recognizing people who have made an appearance in her work. Indeed, her vision is so powerful that one tends ever after to see the individual in the terms Beryl has chosen for him/her.The other reason for her success is almost too obvious to be worth mentioning—it is her marvelous sense of humour. My Fur Coat is a picture of a bowler-hatted gentleman who is being offered an unexpected treat. What makes the picture really memorable is the expression on the face of the man. The humour operates even in pictures which aren't obviously "funny". There is something very endearing, for instance, in the two road sweepers with Plymouth lighthouse looming behind them.A sense of humour may be a good reason for success with the public. It is also one which tends to devalue Beryl's work with professional art buffs. Her work contains too much life to be real art as they understand it.This seems to me nonsense, and dangerous nonsense at that. Beryl does what artists have traditionally done—she comments on the world as she perceives it. And the same time she rearranges what she sees to make a pattern of shapes and colours on a flat surface—a pattern which is more than the sum of its individual parts because it has the mysterious power to enhance and excite our own responses to the visible.I suspect Beryl's paintings will be remembered and cherished long after most late 20th-century art is forgotten. What they bring us is a real sense of how ordinary life is lived in our own time, a judgment which is the more authoritative for the humour and lightness of touch.Task 6【答案】A. objects, action or story, painted and composed, interestingB.Plate 1: symmetrical, more interesting designPlate 2: asymmetrical, shapes, colorsPlate 3: extends, the left side, pointC.Plate 4: c) d)Plate 5: a) b) d)Plate 6: a) b) d)【原文】The six pictures in your book are all what we call still life paintings—that is to say, they pictures of ordinary objects such as baskets of fruit, flowers, and old books. There is no “action”, there is no "story" being told in any of these paintings. Yet we find these paintings interesting because of the way they have been painted, and especially because of the way they have been composed.The picture in PLATE 1 was painted by the seventeenth-century Spanish master Zurbaran. How simply Zurbaran has arranged his objects, merely lining them up in a row across the table! By separating them into three groups, with the largest item in thecenter, he has made what we call a symmetrical arrangement. But it is a rather free kind of symmetry, for the objects on the left side are different in shape from those on the right. Furthermore, the pile of lemons looks heavier than the cup and saucer. Yet Zurbaran has balanced these two different groups in a very subtle way. For one thing, he has made one of the leaves point downward toward the rose on the saucer, and he has made, the oranges appear to tip slightly toward the right. But even by themselves, the cup and saucer, combined with the rose, are more varied in shape than the pile of lemons on the left. All in all, what Zurbarran has done is to balance the heavier mass of lemons with a more interesting design on the right.We find a completely different sort of balance in a still life by the seventeenth-century Dutch painter Pieter Claesz (see PLATE 2). Objects of several different sizes are apparently scattered at random on a table. Claesz has arranged them asymmetrically, that is, without attempting to make the two halves of the picture look alike. The tall glass tumbler, for instance, has been placed considerably off-center, weighing down the composition at the left. Yet Claesz has restored the balance of the picture by massing his most interesting shapes and liveliest colors well over to the right.PLATE 3, a still life by the American painter William M. Harnett, seems even more heavily weighted to one side, for here two thick books and an inkwell are counterbalanced merely by a few pieces of paper. But notice the angle at which Harnett has placed the yellow envelope: How it extends one side of the pyramid formed by the books and inkwell way over to the left edge of the picture, like a long cable tying down a ship to its pier. Both the newspaper and the quill pen also point to this side of the painting, away from the heavy mass at the right, thus helping to balance the whole composition.Now turn to a still life by one of Harnett's contemporaries, the great French painter Paul Cezanne (see PLATE 4). Here the composition is even more daringly asymmetrical, for the climax of the entire picture is the heavy gray jug in the upper fight comer. Notice that Cezanne has arranged most of the fruit on the table, as well as a fold in the background drapery, so that they appear to move upward toward this jug. Yet he has balanced the composition by placing a bright yellow lemon at the left and by tipping the table down toward the lower left corner.Our next still life (see PLATE 5), by the famous Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh, seems hardly "still" at all. As we view this scene from almost directly above, the composition seems to radiate in all directions, almost like an explosion. Notice that Van Gogh has painted the tablecloth with short, thick strokes which seem to shoot out from the very center of the picture.Finally, let us look at a painting by Henri Matisse (see PLATE 6). Here we see a number of still life objects, but no table to support them. Matisse presents each form by itself, in a world of its own, rather than as part of a group of objects in a realistic situation. But he makes us feel that all these forms belong together in his picture simply by the way he has related them to one another in their shapes and colors.Task 7【原文】Frank Lloyd Wright did not call himself an artist. He called himself an architect. But the buildings he designed were works of art. He looked at the ugly square buildings around him, and he did not like what he saw. He wondered why people built ugly homes, when they could have beautiful ones.Frank Lloyd Wright lived from 1869 to 1959. When he was young, there were nocourses in architecture, so he went to work in an architect's office in order to learn how to design buildings. Soon he was designing buildings that were beautiful.He also wanted to make his buildings fit into the land around them. One of the houses he designed is on top of a high hill. Other people built tall, square houses on hills, but Wright did not want to lose the beauty of the hill. He built the house low and wide.Now other architects know how to design buildings to fit into the landscape. Frank Lloyd Wright showed them how to do it.。

Unit 7 How much are these socks?Section A 1bA: How much is the hat? B: It’s six dollars.A: And how much are these shorts? B: Oh, they’re eight dollars.A: And this sweater? How much is it? B: Let’s see. It’s nine dollars.Section A 2aColors, black, white, red, green, blue, yellow, brown, purple, big, small, short, long Conversation 1A: I like big purple hats. Do you have one? B: Yes, I have this one here. A: How much is it? B: It’s fi ve dollars.Conversation 2A: I like this brown sweater. How much is it? B: It’s eight dollars.Conversation 3A: How much are those red shorrts? B: They’re six dollars.Conversation 4A: How much is that green T-shirt? B: It’s seven dollars.Conversation 5A: I like those long blue and yellow socks. How much are they? B: They’re only two dollars. Conversation 6A: How much are the black trousers? B: They’re nine dollars.Section BA: Oh, look! I like that biue sweater. Hoe much is it? B: Fifteen dollars. Oh, I like these socks. A: Oh , no. I do n’t like red. B: Do you like this T-shirt?A: Mmm, yes, I do, but it’s eleven dollars. B: Oh. How much is the green sweater?A: It’s twenty dollars. But you have a green sweater. B: Mmm.A: Oh, do you like these trousers? B: Oh, yes. How much are they? A: Only sixteen dollar. B: OK, I’l l take them.Unit 8 When is your birthday?Conversation 1A: When is your birthday, Linda? B: My birthday is on May 2nd.Conversation 2A: When is your birthday, Mary? B: It’s on January 5th.Conversation 3A: When is your birthday,Mike? B: My birthday is on June 3rd.Section AA: Now, Alice, how old are you? B: I’m thirteen.A: When is your birthday? B: It’s on September 5th, Mr. Smith. A: Oh, OK. And how about Frank? B: Frank isn’t here today, but his birthday is on July 4th. A: Thank you, Alice. And Eric? C: My birth day is on January 17th. A: On January 17th . OK, and Jane, when is her birthday? C: Her birthday i s on August 22nd.Section BA: Hey, Sally. Can I ask you some questions? B: Sure.A: When is your birthday party?B: My birthday party is on October 5th.A: OK, and when is the basketball game? B: The basketball game? Oh, it’s on October 2nd.A: Good. And, umm, how about the school trip?B: The school trip is on September 26th and 27th. A: And when is the English test? B: Oh, that’s on Friday, September 29th. A: OK. Thank you!Unit 9 My favorite subject is science.Section A, 1bA: Hi, Anna! How is your first day of school?B: Hey, Linda. It’s good. I’m happy to see all my friends. What about you?A: Me, too. And my clases are great. B: What’s your favorite subject?A: My favorite subject is science. What’s yours?B: Hmm, well, I like art and math. But my favorite subject is music.Section A, 2aA: What’s your favorite subject? B: My favorite subject is PE. A: Why do you like PE? B: Because it’s fun.Section A, 2bA: What’s your favorite subject?B: My favorite subject is PE. A: Why do you like PE?B: Because it’s fun. Hoe about you? What’s your favorite subject?A: Hmm.My favorite subject is music. B: Really? Why?A: Because it’s relaxing.B: What subject do you not like?A: I don’t like history because it’s boring.B: Really? I don’t like beography because it’s really difficult. Section B, 1b&1cA: Hi, David. How are you? Are you OK? B: No, I’m not. A: What’s wrong? B: It’s Tuesday.A: So?B: I have two math classes on Tuesday.A: You don’t like math?B: No. It’s so difficult. My father says it’s interesting, but I don’t think so. A: So what’s your favorit e subject? B: Chinse. It’s difficult but interesting. A: When is your Chinese class?B: It’s on Monday, Wedensday, Thursday and Friday. I have to go now! I have math, history abd sci ence this morning. A: Ok, see you at music class. B: Bye.单词：Unit Sevenmuch [mʌtʃ] pron.adv.许多；大量；多少How much...? …多少钱sock [sɒk] n.短袜T-shirt n.T恤衫shorts n.（pl.）短裤sweater ['swetə] n.毛衣trousers n.（pl.）裤子shoe [ʃu:] n.鞋skirt [skə:t] n.裙子dollar ['dɒlə] n.元（美国、加拿大等国的货币单位，符号为$big [bɪg] adj.大的；大号的small [smɔ:l] adj.小的；小号的short [ʃɔ:t] adj.短的；矮的long [lɒŋ]adj.长的woman ['wʊmən] n.女子Can I help you? 我能帮您吗？need [ni:d] v.需要look [lʊk] n.看；看上去pair [peə] n.一双；一对take [teɪk] v.买下；拿；取Here you are. 给你。

大学英语听力力原文及题目答案Unit 7大学英语听力力原文及题目答案Unit 7Lesson43How about some lunch?What do you feel like?Could you tell me what's in this?What do you think?去吃午饭怎么样？When The War in the Air appeared in 1908, how many people could have foreseen that within thirty years great cities were going to be destroyed by bombs dropped from aeroplanes? The First Men in the Moon was published in 1901. How many of those who read it realized that men really were going to walk on the moon within their lifetime?And what about The Time Machine and The Invisible Man? Are we going to wake up one morning and find that here too Wells was forecasting events which were going to come true?Task 2Unit 7But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. Nature, he often said, is full of secrets. He tried to understand them; then, he tried to learn what could usefully be done with them.Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people will do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially if they do not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking can give men enjoyment and pleasure.Task 1【答案】1) Because he wrote an astonishing number of books.2) Mankind would have to create a world state.3) No.4) Cities were destroyed by bombs dropped from aeroplanes.5) Any two of the following: The War in the Air, The First Men in the Moon, The Time Machine, and The Invisible Man.6) Events forecast in Well‟s books might come true.【原文】H. G. Wells was born in 1866. His energy must have been enormous, for he wrote an astonishing number of books. Many of the later ones were concerned with his idea that mankind would have to create a world state, if it was not to end up by destroying itself.There we're novels like Kipps, Love and Mr. Lewisham and The History of Mr. Polly. The best of these are now recognized as classics. But in addition, this incredible man somehow found the time and inspiration to write the stories forecasting future events that entitle him to be known as the father of science fiction.When The War in the Air appeared in 1908, how many people could have foreseen that within thirty years great cities were going to be destroyed by bombs dropped from aeroplanes? The First Men in the Moon was published in 1901. How many of those who read it realized that men really were going to walk on the moon within their lifetime?And what about The Time Machine and The Invisible Man? Are we going to wake up one morning and find that here too Wells was forecasting events which were going to come true?Task 2【答案】A.1) b 2) c 3) c 4) aB.1) tall; narrow; tousled 2) surveyed; half-closed 3) taking a long stride4) capable; flexible; still life 5) faded; frayed6) tilted his head; smiled; walked forward; with a flourish【原文】If you came into his studio in the evening as the sun was setting you could see him. You would notice how the soft light coming through the long windows fell on his left profile as he stood in front of his easel. He was tall; his shoulders were narrow; his head was large with an abundance of dark, tousled hair.He surveyed the canvas in front of him and half-closed his eyes. His cheek bones were high and prominent, and accentuated the line of the jaw. This in turn set off his long neck. He stepped back, taking a long stride, and remained with one foot in front of the other. He wore sandals without socks and you could see that a big toe had developed a blister where a leather strap cut across it. He had short, strong, capable fingers and he used his broad, flexible thumb to smooth some of the paint on the still life he was busy finishing. The jeans he wore were faded and frayed; paint rags hung from each pocket. His shirt was a checked one of many colors, mainly purple, blue and yellow. It contrasted peculiarly with the ephemeral colors on the canvas. He tilted his head to one side, smiled, walked forward and brought his brush slowly towards the bottom of the canvas, and with a flourish signed his name.Task 3【答案】A.1) F 2) T 3) F 4) F 5) F 6) T 7) F 8) TB.1) dramatic sunsets and sunrises 2) 1930s; 1840s; impressionistic3) reds; oranges; 1820【原文】Joseph Turner (1775—1851) is one of the two greatest English landscape painters of his age. He is especially noted for his imaginative water colours and oil paintings, which often show dramatic sunsets and sunrises, done in a brilliant kaleidoscope of colours. His painting Burning ofthe Houses of Parliament appears in colour in the Painting article. During the 1830s and 1840s, the method he used became more and more impressionistic. His work influenced the impressionist movement in France led by Claude Monet in the 1870s. Turner is also known for his landscape drawings, especially the book of drawings called Liber Studiorum, which he produced between 1807 and 1819.Turner was influenced at first by Rembrandt and later by Claude. He began to use bright colours in his paintings, especially the reds and oranges for which he is known, after about 1820. Some of his most famous paintings are Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus, Bay of Baiae, and View of Orvieto.Turner was born in London, the son of a barber. He was' something of a boy genius, and exhibited at the Royal Academy at the age of 15. He traveled widely, first in England and Scotland, and after 1800 in France, Italy, and Germany. Turner drew and painted wherever he went, working incessantly and producing hundreds of paintings and thousands of drawings, many of which he left to the nation. During his lifetime Turner was said to be a miser, and towards the end of his life, he became slovenly, solitary, and secretive. Many people did not like his work until John Ruskin championed him in 1843, but Turner died wealthy and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral, London. He left his money to a charity for poor English artists.Task 4【答案】1) A natural curiosity./A good interviewer is one who likes meeting people and wants to find out about them.2) A curious kind of affinity with people, and an ability to get on will with people.3) Because television depends a lot on the director getting the right shot.4) By research./By knowing more about the guest than they‟ve forgotten about themselves.5) All./Every ounce of research.6) Because Mitchum rarely said anything.7) Because very often the interviewees spin off into areas that the interviewer has never thought about and sometimes it‟s worth pursing.8) A traffic cop.9) Talent, ambition and energy.【原文】Interviewer: With all your experience of interviewing, Michael, how can you tell if somebody is going to make a good interviewer?Michael: Oh, I say, what a question! I've never been asked that before. I think that the prerequisite obviously is curiosity. I think that's a natural one, not an assumed one. Ithink the people who have done my job, and the graveyard of the BBC is littered withthem, their tombstones are there, you know; who failed, have been because basicallythey've not been journalists. My training was in journalism. I've been 26 years ajournalist and, to be a journalist argues that you like meeting people to start with, andalso you want to find out about them. So that's the prerequisite. After that, I thinkthere's something else comes into it, into play, and I think again, most successfuljournalists have it: It's a curious kind of affinity with people; it's an ability to get onwith people; it's a kind of body warmth, if you like. If you knew the secret of it andcould bottle it and sell it, you'd make a fortune.Interviewer: When you've done an interview yourself, how do you feel whether it's been a good interview or not a good interview?Michael: I can never really tell on air. I have to watch it back, because television depends so much on your director getting the right shot, the right reaction you can't--it's amazing.Sometimes I think "Oh, that's a boring interview" and just because of the way mydirector shot it, and shot reaction he's composed a picture that's made it far moreinteresting than it actually was.Interviewer: How do you bring out the best in people, because you always seem to manage to, not only relax them, but somehow get right into the depths of them.Michael: By research. By knowing, when you go into a television studio, more about the guest in front of you than they've forgotten about themselves. And, I mean that's pureresearch. I mean, you probably use, in a 20 minute interview; I probably use, oh, a20th of the research material that I've absorbed, but that's what you've got to do. Imean I once interviewed Robert Mitchum for 75 minutes and the longest reply I gotfrom him was "Yes." And that's the only time I've used every ounce of research andevery question that I've ever thought of, and a few that I hadn't thought of as well. Butthat really is the answer — it's research. When people say to you, you know, "Oh yougo out and wing it", I mean that's nonsense. If anybody ever tries to tell you that as aninterviewer just starting, that you wing it, there's no such thing. It's all preparation —it's knowing exactly what you're going to do at any given point and knowing what youwant from the person.Interviewer: And does that include sticking to written questions or do you deviate?Michael: No, I mean what you do is you have an aide memoire. I have. My list of questions aren't questions as such — they're areas that I block out, and indeed, I can't remember,I can't recall, apart from the foresaid Mr. Mitchum experience, when I've ever stuck tothat at all. Because, quite often you'll find that they spin off into areas that you've notreally thought about and perhaps it's worth pursuing sometimes. The job is very muchlike, actually, a traffic cop — you're like you're on point duty and you're, you knowwhen you're directing the flow of traffic, well, you're directing the flow ofconversation, that's basically what you're doing, when you're doing a talk show, in myview.Interviewer: Have you got a last word of encouragement for any young people setting out on what they'd like to be a career as an interviewer?Michael: I envy them, I mean, I really do. I mean I'd go back and do it all again. I think it's the most perfect job for any young person who's got talent and ambition and energy. Andthe nice thing about it is that the proportion of talent is indeed only 5 percent. Theother 95 percent is energy and no examinations to pass. I'd love to do it over again.Task 5【答案】1997, plant trees all over Africa, thirty million, seeds nurseries, communities, planting, taking care of the trees, survives, fuel【原文】Kenyan environmental activist Wangari Maathai says poor women can fight poverty and help the environment by planting trees. In December, she will receive the Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts to save the forests of Africa.Wangari Maathai is the twelfth woman since nineteen oh one to win the prize. Last year the Norwegian Nobel Committee also recognized a woman, Shirin Ebadi of Iran. She is a lawyer who has fought for human rights for women.But this is the first time the peace prize will go to an African woman. It is also the first time someone within the environmental movement has been recognized at such a high level. The Nobel Committee said: "Peace on earth depends on our ability to secure our living environment."In 1977, Wangari Maathai started the Green Belt Movement. The goal is to plant trees all over Africa, to replace those cut down over the years. Trees are the main source of cooking fuel. Trees also protect wildlife. And they keep nutrients in the soil and help prevent flooding.Today the program operates in a number of countries. A reported thirty million trees have been planted.Young trees are grown from seeds at thousands of nurseries. The Green Belt Movement gives these young trees to communities. Locally trained people advise women farmers about planting and taking care of the trees. The movement pays farmers for every tree that survives. Later the women can use some of the trees for fuel.Professor Maathai is sixty-four years old. She studied in the United States and Kenya. She is believed to have been the first woman in East and Central Africa to earn a doctorate degree. She became a professor of animal science at the University of Nairobi. But her activism angered the former government in Kenya. She was beaten and arrested.Now, she is assistant minister of environment, natural resources and wildlife.But she does not speak out only about the environment. In August, she called the AIDS virus a biological weapon to control black people. Later, she said her comments were meant to get people to ask questions and not think of AIDS as a "curse from God."Wangari Maathai will receive the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo on December tenth. She will also receive almost one point four million dollars in prize money.Task 6【答案】I.A. NorwayB. the United StatesII.A. a lack of balance; inflation; recessionB. low interest rates; increased government spending; higher interest ratesC. low employment; high inflationD. high employment; low inflation; the time consistency problemⅢ.A. business cyclesB. new technologyC. market correctionsD. an increase in oil price【原文】The winners of the Nobel prize in economics this year are Finn Kydland of Norway and Edward Prescott of the United States.Mister Prescott is an adviser at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Minnesota. He is also an Arizona State University professor. Mister Kydland is a professor at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.The prize recognizes their work together on two studies. The first was published in nineteen seventy-seven.Before the 1970s, economic problems were seen mainly in terms of a lack of balance. Too much demand caused inflation. Too much supply caused a recession.Governments would take steps aggressively to re-balance supply and demand. Low interest rates and increased government spending would expand growth and employment. Then, if prices went up too much, higher interest rates would ease inflation.But in the 70s, many nations experienced both low employment and high inflation at the same time. This was called stagflation. And no one could explain it.Finn Kydland and Edward Prescott showed that stagflation resulted when policymakers did not do as they promised. Most governments say they want high employment and low inflation. But, over time, events can cause them not to follow their stated economic policy to support these goals. This is called the time consistency problem.The two economists published another study in nineteen eighty-two. They developed ways to explain business cycles, times of increase or decrease in economic activity. They showed how new technology creates periods of economic growth and productivity.Markets then make corrections which slow the growth. Wages change. Investments change. People buy more or less of things. The two economists showed how activities at this level govern an economy. They also showed how a shock like an increase in oil prices can affect business cycles.Today, their work influences central bank officials and policymakers around the world.Task 7【答案】A.1) It was originally released in local newspaper in serial form.2) The two short, little sections are easily doable, and then you get hooked on the story and wonder what‟s happening next.3) Through mail and twice a month.4) Because the book opens on Christmas Eve and it has a strong message about family.5) 5,600B.1) 1860; London; in suspense2) adventures; love; betrayal; a poor orphan3) any likeness of either of them; photograph; their tombstones4) Industrial Revolution; altering daily life5) profound change; fundamental values【原文】Host: In December, 1860, the first serialized part of Charles Dickens' Great Expectations hit the streets of London. Every week, readers were kept in suspense waiting for the nextinstallment. Over the next few months, Stanford University will let readersexperience Great Expectations the way Victorians did.Reporter: It's Thursday evening and the Stevens' family has settled into the living room to take turns reading the latest weekly installment of Great Expectations. Peter andRosemary Stevens thought that the installment plan was a terrific way to read GreatExpectations with their seven- and eight-year-old daughters.Mrs. Stevens: You have two short, little sections that are easily doable, and where if it's a huge book, you'd say, "How am I going to approach this?" where if it's little pieces, say,"Oh, okay. I can do this." And then you get hooked on the story and think, "Well,what's happening next?"Reporter: It's a little like a very good soap opera, says Rosemary. Most of Dickens' novels —Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol and Great Expectations — were released in serialform. Stanford University Professor Linda Paulson wanted to recreate thatexperience.Prof. Paulson: Imagine sitting there in 1860, this brand-new Dickens' novel. You know him as a writer. You respect him. He's wonderful. He's great fun. And you don't know whathe's got in his mind.Reporter: Dickens' works were originally released in local newspapers. Stanford made copies of the installments and sends them to readers through the mail twice a month. Theuniversity kicked off the serial with a public reading by local actor MarcoBarricelli.Mr. Barricelli: My father's family name, being Pirrip, and my Christian name, Philip, my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip. So Icalled myself Pip and came to be called Pip.Reporter: For those who aren't familiar with Great Expectations, it is the story of Pip, who writes as an adult looking back on his youth. He faces adventures, love and betrayal,too. Like many Dickens' characters, Pip is born a poor orphan.Mr. Barricelli: As I never saw my father or my mother, and never saw any likeness of either of them, for their days were long before the days of photographs, my first fanciesregarding what they were like were unreasonably derived from their tombstones.Reporter: Paulson says Great Expectations was a good choice for this time of year because it opens on Christmas Eve and it has a strong message about family.Prof. Paulson: The idea of what constitutes a family, which is not necessarily the biological family.Reporter: Dickens was writing during the Industrial Revolution, says Paulson, at a moment when technology was altering daily life.Prof. Paulson: He was looking at a world that was in profound change and reminding people that there were some fundamental values that they needed always to remember, and Ithink that's not far off from what we are trying to remind ourselves of now.Reporter: More than 500 people showed up for the public reading, and 5,600 have signed up to get the serial installments. For many, like Alison Price, it is an opportunity to getcloser to friends and family.Ms. Price: I'm doing it with my parents, who live in Southern California, and my friend Miriam and my husband. So we're sort of doing it together.Reporter: Although Price and everyone else could just go out and buy a copy of Great Expectations, most seem to enjoy waiting expectantly for the next episode to arrive in the mail.Task 8【答案】the ability to laugh; luxury; a unifying force; disagree; ideological factions; political camps; a sense of humour; a universal appeal; a correct sense of values; taking ourselves too seriously; tragedy; comedy; irony; satire; redress the balance; arrogant politicians; absurdity; powerful; laughter; happiness; uniquely human; key【原文】Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divide world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor. Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplin‟s early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, …Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way.‟A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lopsided view of things.This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into totaldespair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver’s Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can‟t agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish.The sense of humor must be singled out as man‟s most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative — these are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.Task 9【答案】A.1) At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.2) The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.3) Sudies for Leonardo's most famous paintings, and the results of new research into such subjects as Leonardo's patrons, his teachers, and the work of his pupils.4) Because they are particularly sensitive to light and temperature.5) Because drawings are difficult to see in a museum.B.1) T2) F3) T4) F5) TC.1) Master Draftsman; artistic apprenticeship; 1470s; scientist; inventor; France;15192) artist; scientist; theorist; Renaissance Man3) revealing; rationalizing; the mysteries of the world; the great depths of human emotion; convincing4) magical sense; draws; creates; greatest personalities5) reassuring; cajoling; security; insurance; the general public; knowledge【原文】The most comprehensive collection of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci ever assembled in the United States, is on exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. The exhibition is taken from major collections from around the world, and features many pieces not seen in public since the 1930s.Even for seasoned art historian and curator Carmen Bambach, who put together the exhibition of nearly 120 drawings, seeing so many works by Leonardo da Vinci in one place is a moving experience. "It is possibly the most emotional time in my entire life, that I am likely to have. To think about these works you will see on the walls, or that you have already seen on the walls, that normally live in dark, black boxes. To see them all together here, so many of them, is avery, very emotional thing," she said.Leonardo da Vinci —Master Draftsman follows da Vinci's entire career, from his artistic apprenticeship in Florence, Italy in the 1470s, to his highly productive years as a scientist and an inventor in Milan, through to his return to Florence in the beginning of the 16th century, and death in France in 1519.Ms. Bambach said the drawings in the exhibition provide a rare opportunity to confront the diverse talents that made Leonardo da Vinci, artist, scientist, engineer, theorist, teacher, the original "Renaissance Man.""He very much believed in revealing, and in the process of revealing, rationalizing. At the same time, he was deeply and humbly aware of the mysteries of the world, the mysteries of human life. He talks a great deal about that. The mysteries of life, the great depths of human emotion as a kind of shaper of physical gesture. That is why his figures are so deeply convincing."Although Leonardo da Vinci is perhaps best known for paintings such as the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, very few paintings by the master exist today — 15 at most, whereas there are 4,000 pages of his drawings and notes in various collections throughout the world.The one painting in the exhibition, the unfinished St. Jerome Praying in the Wilderness, has the imprint of the artist's fingers in the upper left corner. Metropolitan Museum Director Philipe de Montebello says tiny details like this are what make the Master Draftsman exhibition so compelling."You get that magical sense that you are looking over the shoulder of the artist as he draws and creates. It brings you in touch with one of the greatest personalities in the world on such a close basis that it is deeply moving," Mr. de Montebello said.The exhibition includes studies for Leonardo's most famous paintings, Virgin and Child with St. Anne, The Last Supper, Adoration of the Magi, as well as a recently discovered, two-sided sketch of a Hercules statue, possibly meant to compete with Michaelangelo's David.Interwoven in the exhibition are the results of copious new research into such subjects as Leonardo da Vinci's patrons, his teachers, and the work of his pupils.Mr. Montebello said the new research helped convince some reluctant lenders to temporarily part with their da Vinci treasures. "There is no question that it took a lot of reassuring and cajoling, in terms of security and insurance and the like, but I think ultimately what prevailed was the seriousness of the project. The new research, the scholarship, the fact that the exhibition will make not only a contribution to the general public, but a contribution to knowledge," he said.Some art experts have questioned the wisdom of transporting and showing such valuable work because of its fragility. The old work is particularly sensitive to light and temperature. But Francoise Viatte, chief curator of drawings at the Musee de Louvre in Paris, says it is a risk worth taking."If we never attempt this kind of thing, very few people will see the works of art in the world.I think part of the job of the museum is to make exhibitions between them in partnerships. Especially for drawings. Because Drawings are difficult to see in a museum. Drawings are a special section in a museum. You have to make a special request and get authorization to see them. So it is very important to make a big exhibition like Leonardo," Ms. Viatte said.21 of the drawings in the exhibition come from the Louvre. Other major contributions come from museums and private collections in the Netherlands, Portugal, Hungary, Italy, Germany, Austria, and the United States. The Royal Library of Windsor Castle in England lent 31 drawings.。

Unit 7Task 1【答案】1) They are Emma, Mark and Jane.2) Emma wants a joke book; Mark wants a model train, and Jane wants a radio.3) The joke book costs two pounds fifty. The radio costs twenty-seven pounds ninety-nine pence. We don’t know the exact price of the model train, but it must be very expensive.【原文】Jane: What are you doing EmmaEmma: I’m writing to Father Christmas.Mark: Oh —she’s asking for Christmas presents. What do you want Emma Emma: Well, I can read now. I like books. So, I want a joke book.Jane: Look. Here’s one in this magazine. It costs two pounds fifty. It’s very nice.Emma: Yes, it is. I know, I can ask Father Christmas to bring presents for you and Mark, too.Mark: Good idea! Well, I like...Jane: Trains! You like trains. We know.M ark: So I want this train. Look. Isn’t it splendidJane: Mark, that model train costs...Mark: Yes, Jane, I can see the price, but look at it.Jane: Well, I don’t want a train.Emma: There are some nice dolls.Jane: Oh Emma. I’m fifteen years old. I don’t like dolls. I want a radio for my bedroom. Then I can listen to all my favourite songs.Mark: A radio. Here’s one. Look. It costs twenty-seven pounds, ninety-nine pence.Jane: That’s OK. Right Emma. Finish your letter to Father Christmas. Tell him to put a joke book, a train and a radio in his big sack. And don’t forg et to put the right address on the letter!Task 2【答案】A.1) EmmaShe is going to bed now.2) MarkHe’s having a bath. Now he’s washing his feet and singing a carol.3) JaneShe is putting the last Christmas Cards on the table in the hall.4) Mr. PhillipsHe’s putting all the presents under the tree. He’s thinking about his busy day.5) Mrs. PhillipsShe’s preparing all the food for tomorrow’s mealsB.1) d 2) a 3) c【原文】It’s 8 pm on Christmas Eve. Everyone is happy because tomorrow is Christmas Day. But everyone is busy too. There’s a lot of work to do. Here is the Phillips’ family in their home. What are they all doingEmma is going to bed now. She’s hanging up her empty stocking for Father Christmas. She’s thinking of the presents under the tree. She wants to open all her presents now, but she can’t. She must open them in the morning.Mark is in the bathroom. He’s going to a party tonight, so he’s having a ba th. Now he’s washing his feet and singing a carol.Jane is putting the last Christmas cards on the table in the hall. She can’t put them in the sitting-room or the dining-room because they are full of cards. She’s listening to the carol-singers.There is no one in the dining-room. It’s empty.Mr. Phillips is in the sitting-room. He’s putting all the presents under the tree. He’s thinking about his busy day. Parents always work hard at Christmas.And where’s Mrs. Phillips She is working in the kitchen. She’s preparing all the food for tomorrow’s meals. The Christmas pudding is ready, and so is the turkey. Now she is decorating the cake. She’s having a glass of sherry because it’s Christmas.There are some carol-singers in the street. They are singing carols and collecting money for poor people. Now they are knocking on the front door of the Phillips’ house.The church bells are ringing too. Everyone can hear them. And there, in the sky, a. long way away... Who’s that It’s Father Christmas. He’s driving through the sky in his sleigh. Tonight’s a busy night for him. He’s thinking about all those black chimneys. And he’s looking at a long list of children’s names and addresses. Is Emma Phillips on his listTask 3【答案】A.read, drew, made, drank, had, flew, went, see, rememberB.1) a, 2) c, 3) b【原文】How much do you remember of the time when you were a child You got up early every morning and went to school. You read books at school. You drew pictures andmade things out of clay. You drank milk every day and ate things that were good for you. Perhaps you had plaits. Perhaps you flew a kite. Perhaps you went abroad for your holidays. You can see photographs of yourself in the family album. They help you to remember the distant past.I remember the Christmas holidays best. It was always cold. The days were very short. The nights were long and dark. It wasn’t a good time of the y ear — except for one thing. I always received presents at Christmas. I can remember the bright lights in the streets. I can remember the big shops and the crowds. My mother always took me to London to see the lights. And she always took me to one of the big shops to meet Father Christmas. This was a special event every year. I always met Father Christmas in a big shop. I always asked for lots of presents and he always brought them for me.Two weeks before Christmas one year, I went to London with my mother. I was five years old at the time. I shall never forget the day. It was cold and dark. But the shop windows were very bright. The streets were full of people. There were crowds in the streets and crowds in the shops. My mother held my hand tightly and we both went into a big shop.It was warm and bright in the shop. We both went upstairs to the toy department. The toy department was full of children. There were lovely toys everywhere: cars, bicycles and planes. Then I saw my old friend at one end of the department store: Father Christmas himself! I pulled my mother by the hand. “Please take me to Father Christmas,” I said. There were lots of chi ldren near Father Christmas. They were standing in a line. Father Christmas spoke to every one of them. At last it was my turn.“Hello, little boy,” he said to me. “Where do you live”“Don’t you know” I answered. “You came last year.”I can’t remember what Father Christmas answered. But I remember one thing.I was very sad. Father Christmas hadn’t remembered my name. He called me “little boy”. And he hadn’t remembered my address. I got my presents that year, as usual, but it wasn’t the same. Something had changed.Task 4【答案】A. past, future, memories, hopes, fearsB. b【原文】In late October in the northern half of the world, the days grow shorter and the nights grow longer. It is colder and darker. There is mist and fog, and cold winds blow. The leaves fall from the trees, and their black skeletons stand out against the autumn sky. The year is ending and everything is dying. Winter is coming, with its long dark nights. People stay at home in the evenings and at weekends. Old people remember the past and young people think of the future. It is a time of memories, of hopes and fears. It is the time of Halloween.Halloween marks the end of autumn and the start of winter. In the past this festival was a time of fear. People believed in ghosts and witches and they stayed indoors. On October 31st, Halloween, the ghosts of the dead rose from their graves, and all the witches of the world rode through the sky on their broomsticks. Today this ancient festival is a time for fun, for Halloween parties. You can see ghosts and witches, but they are ordinary people in fancy dress. Everyone eats rich autumn food, pumpkin pie or ginger cake. People make lanterns from pumpkins. And they try to tell the future.Task 5【答案】A.1) There were only seven small houses to live in. So everyone had to squeeze intogether. You might have had four or five extra people living with your family. 2) Your house was dark inside. You couldn’t see anything out of the tiny windows because they were made from oiled cloth, not glass.3) The air was full of smoke from the fish-oil lamps and from the big fireplace, where something was cooking all day long.B.1) F, 2) F【原文】What would it be like if you were there on the first Thanksgiving Day (PartⅠ) What would your house be likeCrowded! There were only seven small houses to live in. So everyone had to squeeze in together. You might have had four or five extra people living with your family.Each house had only one room, called the hall. The hall was your kitchen, bedroom, dining room, and your living room. There was also a loft upstairs, but that was used for storage.The furniture got moved around a lot. When it was time to eat, out came the wooden benches and boards that were used to make a table.At night, the benches and the boards were laced against the walls. Out came the lumpy mattresses, which were laid right on the cold dirt floor.If you were one of the lucky ones, your family might have a real bed. Your parents slept on top and you slept in the “trun dle” bed hidden unde rneath. It was like a big drawer that was pulled out at bedtime.Your house was dark inside. You couldn’t see anything out of the tiny windows because they were made from oiled cloth, not glass.And it was smelly! The air was full of smoke from the fish-oil lamps and from the big fireplace, where something was cooking all day long.Task 6【答案】A.1) Because most of the water in England was polluted in the early 1600s. You could get very sick from it. But beer was safe because it has alcohol in it, and alcohol kills germs. So, tha t’s what people drank every day.2) Doing the laundry was a really big job in those days. First, the women had to make soap out of animal fat and ashes. That took a long time. Then the children had to carry water from the stream, so it could be boiled in big outdoor pots. After everything was washed, the laundry was hung on bushes to dry.B.1) F, 2) F【原文】What would it be like if you were there on the first Thanksgiving Day (Part II)Did the Pilgrims think drinking beer was wrongNo. The Pilgrims were very religious. They thought it was a sin to get drunk. But they did drink beer. They drank beer because it was safer than water.Most of the water in England was polluted in the early 1600s. You could get very sick from it. But beer was safe because it has alcohol in it, and alcohol kills germs. So, that’s what people drank every day.But their beer was not like the beer today. The women made it at home. There was very little alcohol in it, so you wouldn’t get drunk from drinking it with your food.People had beer for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. They thought it was good for you. Children started drinking it as soon as they were able to hold a cup in their hands.Who had to clean the dishesNobody! The Pilgrims didn’t clean their dishes with soap a nd water the way we do today. The women and girls just rinsed the pottery bowls, wooden platters, cups, knives, and spoons and put them back on the shelf.Napkins were washed only once a month. You can imagine how dirty they got! But the Pilgrims weren’t b othered by dirt the way we are. They were used to it. And doing the laundry was a really big job in those days.First, the women had to make soap out of animal fat and ashes. That took a long time. Then the children had to carry water from the stream, so it could be boiled in big outdoor pots. After everything was washed, the laundry was hung on bushes to dry.Task 7【答案】【原文】Every Saint Patrick’s Day, my whole family has to wear green. If someone does not, then everyone gets to pinch that person! Last year, my grandpa forgot to wear green! He finally found some, so we didn’t pinch him.Every Easter, my Nanny gives my brother and me a small Easter egg with a clue in it. We follow clue after clue until we come to a prize. This is my favourite holiday tradition.My favourite traditional holiday is the Chinese New Year. I like it because my family goes to a Chinese temple in Los Angeles. It is very beautiful and exciting. We get to see Chinese dragons dance on the streets.On the night before Christmas, we go around our town and look at the Christmas decorations on all the houses. While we look at the lights, we eat hot boiled peanuts. When we get home, we read The Polar Express and Christmas story.At our church on Easter, we put a bunch of flowers on a cross out by the road. It turns out very colorful and very beautiful! I love getting my picture taken in front of it. That is my favourite holiday tradition.In India, we have a holiday called Holi. We call our friends, get together, and throw at each other water with paint mixed in it. It is great fun. I love Holi!Task 8【答案】【原文】In Japan, New Year’s Day is also celebrated on lst January. At midnight on the last day of the old year, the bells in every Buddhist temple are struck one hundred and eight times. As the sound of the bells dies away, the New Year begins and Buddhists think about ways in which they can live better in the year to come.The theme of water, which is used in baptism to wash away the sins of the world, is also linked with a pre-Christian custom — the tradition of Well-dressing. At one time, the fear of summer drought led people to make offerings to the water spirits, who were thought to live in springs and wells. Decorating wells with flowers, shells, moss and other natural objects depicting a religious subject is an art passed on from father to son in English villages.Each year, on the fifth day of May, Japanese boys look forward to Kodomono-hi or Children’s Day. On this day, families with young boys fly colourful streamers and enormous kites, in the shape of carps, from a large pole in the garden. The streamers and carp kites symbolize a family. The first kite represents the father, the second kite, the mother and the third kite, the children. Inside the houses, families display traditional warrior dolls and bathe the children in iris leaves. The main purpose of this festival is to show young boys the importance of qualities such as strength and determination.Task 9【答案】【原文】A major festival of the Chinese year is the Dragon Boat Festival or Duanwu Jie. This commemorates the death of a national hero, Qu Yuan, who drowned himself in protest against a corrupt government. It is said that dumplings made of rice, meat and other ingredients were thrown into the river to feed the fish so that they would not eat his body and the water was beaten with paddles to scare off other dangerous creatures in the river. Today, boats decorated with dragon heads and tails compete with each other in a race accompanied by a great deal of drum beating and noise. One of the most colourful Dragon Boat Festivals takes place in Hong Kong where an international boat race has been held in the month of June each year since 1976.The Ferragosto on 15 August is the climax of the Italian holiday season. It is a family occasion that takes place each year on Assumption Day, the day on which the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches celebrate the ascent of the Virgin Mary to Heaven.In Mexico, one of the most important festivals of the year is the Festival of the Dead on All Souls Day. This is both a Christian and an early American Indian celebration at which people light candles in memory of the dead.Task 10【答案】At midnight of Christmas Eve or early in the morning on Christmas, Christians go to church for a special service. On Christmas morning, everyone opens their presents and then it’s time to decorate the table with candles and Christmas crackers. For Christmas dinner people eat roast turkey, roast potatoes, green vegetables and sauces. Then they have Christmas pudding. After dinner they put on paper hats. They read out the jokes from the crackers or play games. At five o’clock pm it’s time for tea and Christmas cake.The day after Christmas is Boxing Day. People visit their relations or go to parties. Or they just spend a quiet day at home. No one works on Boxing Day, After Christmas everyone needs a holiday!。

UNIT 7Section one Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationMeet Your ChiropractorThe doctor of chiropractic (D.C.) is a (1) well-recognizedmember of the health team who (2) considersthe human body as a total functioning (3) unitand gives special attention to the spine, (4) muscles, nerves, circulatory and skeletal (5) systems. The chiropractor seeks to (6) relievepain.The procedures utilized are primarily focused on the (7) spine. The chiropractor is concerned about the spine's relationship to the (8) nerve system, which controls important body functions. The chiropractor knows that a malfunctioning* spinal joint can not only cause (9) back painor headaches, it can also (10) interfere withthe nerves leading from the spine, thereby (11) affecting other portions of the body.Millions of Americans are chiropractic patients for a wide variety of (12)health disorders. They depend on their chiropractor as their (13) family doctorto help them maintain their health through proper (14) diagnosis, treatment, and referral when (15) necessary.A minimum of six years of college study including internships (16) goes intothe making of a chiropractic physician. Many doctors of chiropractic choose to (17) limit their practicesto certain specialties, such as (18) sports injuries, nutrition, orthopedics or radiology.As a (19) licensed and regulatedmember of the healing arts, the doctor of chiropractic must pass a state (20) licensingboard examination in order to practice.Part 2 listening for GistLike the "Iron Age" volunteers, Paul has also chosen to cut himself off from many aspects of modem life, not, however, as an experiment but because he feels it is a more satisfactory way to live. He is talking about his small cottage in the Welsh mountains:"And that brings me to say what is primitive about it, namely, it is anything that has to be done, and there are obviously certain basic needs of life, is 'DIY' as they say: Do it yourself. There is no labor to be had nowadays in such a remote part. Er, there are no neighbors for most of the year and so you are on your own entirely. The place itself is extremely primitive. Er, I mentioned the water. I mentioned that we now have got electricity. Er, the building itself - it's important to keep it clean and it's stupid totry. We try to keep it tidy, and reasonably clean. It is very difficult to keep it warm, warm enough particularly in winter and that we do by an old kitchen range with coal and wood." ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and find its topic sentence. The topic sentence is "The place itself is extremely primitive."Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart1 DialogueA Healthy LifeDr Martin Answay writes a column in a popular women's magazine on health problems. He isalso an expert on heart disease.Q: Is there a secret to good health? I mean, is there some way we can achieve it which is notgenerally known?A: It certainly isn't a secret. However, there is a great deal of ignorance, even among supposedly educated people, about how to be reasonably healthy.Q: Well, what advice do you give, then?A: Vh ... to begin with, take diet. I believe that one of the greatest dangers to health in Britain and other countries ...particularly developed countries ... is the kind of food wetend to prefer.Q: Such as?A: Such as that great national institution, the British breakfast, for example, ham and eggs. Or the kind of lunch so many people in this country have: sausage and chips! Or all the convenience foods like hamburgers. Or even things we regard as "healthy", such as full-fat milk. Or Cheddar cheese.The list is endless.Q: What's wrong with those things?A: The excessive consumption of such things leads to the overproduction of cholesterol, which in turn results in heart attack ...Q: Excuse me, but what exactly is cholesterol?A: It's a ... wax-like substance ... yellowish ... and it's produced naturally in our livers. We all need some cholesterol forsurvival.Q: Well, if we need it, in what way is it bad for us?A: Too much of it is bad for us. It builds up in our arteries, causing them to get narrower, so that our blood supply has difficulty in getting through ... and this, of course, can eventually end in a heart attack or stroke. The point I'm trying to make here is that, even though we all need some cholesterol in order to insulate our nerves, and to produce cellmembranes and hormones, the things many of us eat and even consider healthy lead to the overproduction of cholesterol. And this is very dangerous.Q: How can we avoid this overproduction of cholesterol?A: By cutting down our consumption of animal fats: things like red meat, cheese, eggs, and so on. And by increasing ourconsumption of fresh fruit and vegetables, and also by eating more potatoes, rice, pastaand bread.Q: Pasta? Potatoes? But ... aren't such things fattening?A: Nonsense. It isn't pasta, potatoes or bread that makes us fat.It's what we put on such things! Cheese, Butter, Meat!Q: So anything we like, anything that's delicious, is bad for us.Isn't that what you're saying?A: Rubbish! I'm simply saying we eat too much of these things.And there are many ways of preparing delicious food without using such large quantities of animal fats.Q: Last of all, what about exercise? You recently warned against certain forms of exercise, which you said could bedangerous.A: What I said was that if people aren't used to getting regular and vigorous exercise, they should begin slowly, and not try to do too much at the beginning! I also said that certaingames, such as squash, can be dangerous, particularly if you aren't used to playing them. A number of injuries are due to sudden, twisting movements that games like squash involve. Q: What kinds of exercise do you recommend, then?A: Gentle jogging, swimming, cycling, brisk walking ... exercise that is rhythmic and gentle, andabove all, sustained. That is, done for at least fifteen minutes uninterruptedly at least three times a week. We all need such exercise, and the fact is that far too few of us get enough of it, particularly if we live in large cities and regularly use cars.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and complete the following grids.A. CholesterolB. ExercisePart 2 PassageAging of America1)T he impending collision between the boomers and the nation's retirement system is naturally catching the eye of policymakers and the boomers themselves.2)R etirement income security in the United States has traditionally been based on the so-called three-legged stool: Social Security, private pensions, and other personal saving.3)R etirement planning takes time, and these issues need to be addressed sooner rather than later.4)O ne found that in 1991 the median household headed by a65-69-year-old had financial assets of only $14,000, but expanding the measure to include Social Security, pensions, housing, and other wealth boosts median wealth to about $270,000.5)O nly one or two generations of Americans have hadlengthy retirements, and the crucial retirement issueskeep changing rapidly, making long-term predictionseven harder.The Baby Boom* generation - the roughly 76 million people born between 1946 and 1964has been reshaping American society for five decades. From jamming the nation's schools in the 1950s and 1960s, to crowding labor markets and housing markets in the1970s and 1980s, to affecting consumption patterns almost continuously, boomers have altered economic patterns and institutions at each stage of their lives. Now that the leading edge of the generation has turned 50, the impending collision between the boomers and the nation's retirement system is naturally catching the eye of policymakers and the boomers themselves.Retirement income security in the United States has traditionally been based on the so-called three-legged stool: Social Security, private pensions, and other personal saving. Since World War II the system has served the elderly well: The poverty rate among elderly households fell from 35 percent in 1959 to 11 percent in 1995 .Are the baby boomers making adequate preparations for retirement? In part, the answer depends on what is meant by "adequate". One definition is to have enough resources to maintain pre-retirement living standards in retirement. A rule of thumb* often used by financial planners is that retirees should be able to meet this goal by replacing 60-80 percent of pre-retirement income. Retired households can maintain their pre-retirementstandard of living with less income because they havemore leisure time, fewer household members, and lower expenses. Taxes are lower because retirees escape payroll taxes and the income tax is progressive. And mortgages have, for the most part, been paid off. On theother hand, older households may face higher and more uncertain medical expenses, even though they are covered by Medicare.From a public policy perspective, assuring that retirees maintain 100 percent of pre-retirement living standards may be overly ambitious. But should policymakers aim to ensure that they maintain 90 percent of their living standards? Or that they stay out of poverty? Or use some other criterion? Retirement planning takes time, and these issues need to be addressed sooner rather than later.A second big question is how to measure how well baby boomers arepreparing for retirement. Studies that focus only on personal saving put aside for retirement yield bleak conclusions. One found that in 1991 the median household headed by a65-69-year-old had financial asset of only $14,000. But expanding the measure to include Social Security, pensions,housing, and other wealth boosts median wealth to about $270,000.A third issue - crucial but as yet little explored - iswhich baby boomers are not provided adequately for retirement and how big the gap is between what theyhave and what they shouldhave. Some boomers are doing extremely well, others quite poorly. Summary averages for an entire generation may not be useful as descriptions of the problem or as suggestions for policy.The uncertain prospects for the baby boomers in retirement are particularlytroubling because, as a society, we as yet understand little about the dynamicsof retirement. Only one or two generationsof Americans have had lengthy retirements, and the crucial retirement issues - health care, asset markets, Social Security, life span - keep changing rapidly, making long-term predictions even harder.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionAs China's aging population is increasing rapidly, there should be a well-funded pension system put in place. However, the country's pension system only covers a fraction of the work force. It predicts that China will have an elderly population ofabout 400 million by 2040, which will be a large burden on the economy if an effective pension system is not established.The Chinese government, aware that the old pension system in the planned economy could not keep pace with the market economy, started to reform a purely "pay-as-you-go" pension system in 1997 and introduced one that combines a basic pension with personal savings accounts. The accounts are jointly paid into by employers and employees, as saving to support employees' retirements. The state is considering expanding a reformed pension insurance system nationwide.China is also accelerating the reform of China's pension system.It has been trying to find appropriate ways to invest pension funds in the capital market rather than simply putting them in banks or buying treasury bonds.It has also been trying to find appropriate ways to invest pension funds in the capital market overseas.To ensure the maintenance and appreciation of the pension pool, more investment tools should be allowed, with sound governance and parallel reform in the financial sector to ensure returns.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.l.D 2.D 3. B 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.CExercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)T he boomers have altered economic patterns from jamming the nation's schools in the 1950s and 1960s, to crowding labor markets and housing markets in the 1970s and 1980s, to affecting consumption patterns almost continuously.2)(Open)3)。

Unit 7—Conversation 1Mark: Hi！Kate: Hi，Janet！Have you been waiting long？Janet: Not at all。

What did you think of Hero?Kate：It was brilliant，thanks for suggesting it。

Janet：Well，it was nominated for an Oscar，you know。

Kate：That figures。

It’s a beautiful film.Mark: Yes. The costumes, and scenery were amazing，Kate：I'd love to know more about the emperor, he was cool。

Who was he？Janet：Qin Shi Huang —it’s said he was the first emperor in the history of China — he unified China。

Ka te: Did he？When?Janet：Er ..。

221 BC。

Mark: As long ago as that!Waitress: Hi guys！What can I get you？Kate: Yes，I’ll have a coke, thanks.Mark：Er ..。

Just a coffee。

Waitress：Sure。

Mark: Tell us more ..。

Janet：Um .。

Well, before that, there were seven big states and they had been fighting each other for many years. Mark: Right。

Janet: It’s called the Warring States Period. Anyway - Qin was king of the largest state and he defeated the six other states，one after another. It took him ten years to conquer them，each with a different strategy.Mark：What kind of man was he？Janet：Well，he was brilliant, obviously。