英语构词法讲解及专项练习

人教版高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题含答案解析1. The movie was so boring that I decided to ______watch it. Which prefix can be added to "watch" to convey this meaning?A. unB. reC. disD. mis答案：A。

解析：“un - ”这个前缀常表示相反的意思，“unwatch”可以理解为不再看，符合句子中因为电影无聊所以不再看的语境。

“re -”通常表示再次，“rewatch”是再看一次的意思，不符合题意。

“dis - ”虽然也有否定的意思，但在这里“diswatch”不是一个常规用法。

“mis - ”表示错误，“miswatch”也不是正确的表达。

2. She made a mistake in her speech, so she had to ______do it. What prefix should be used?A. unB. reC. disD. mis答案：B。

解析：“re - ”表示再次、重新，“redo”表示重新做，因为她在演讲中犯错了所以要重新做，符合题意。

“un - ”表示相反，“undo”是解开、取消的意思，不适合这里。

“dis - ”表示否定、相反，“disdo”不是常规用法。

“mis - ”表示错误，“misdo”也不是正确的表达。

3. His words were very ______pleasant. Which prefix can be used to form the opposite of "pleasant"?A. unB. reC. disD. mis答案：A。

解析：“un - ”加在形容词前面表示相反的意思，“unpleasant”表示不愉快的，是“pleasant”的反义词，符合题意。

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题1<背景文章>Prefixes are an important part of English word formation. A prefix is a group of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. For example, the prefix "un-" means "not." So, "happy" becomes "unhappy" which means not happy. Prefixes can also change the part of speech of a word. For instance, the prefix "re-" can turn a verb into another verb with the meaning of "again." As in "build" and "rebuild." There are many common prefixes in English such as "pre-," "post-," "mis-," "dis-," and "over-." Each prefix has its own specific meaning and usage. Prefixes help us expand our vocabulary and understand the meanings of words more easily.1. The prefix "pre-" means ______.A. afterB. beforeC. wrongD. again答案：B。

英语构词法讲解及相关练习⾼中英语构词法讲解与练习在英语中，词的构成⽅式主要有三种：派⽣、合成、和转化。

⼀、派⽣Derivation注意：-ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，⼜可以构成形容词。

⽅式：1. 直接写在⼀起。

2. ⽤连字符(-)连接。

3. 由两个分开的词构成。

(5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything,三、转化Conversion: 指⼀个词不变化词形，⽽由⼀种此类转化为另⼀种词类或⼏种词类。

1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话——打电话, mirror镜⼦——像镜⼦⼀样反映, drink喝——饮料, record录⾳——记录, name, date, hand, study,2. 形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前⾯——前⾯的4.形容词转化为名词chief 主要的——⾸领巩固练习Ⅰ⽤适当的形式填空。

1. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise)2. He was one of the best _______ in yesterday’s football match. (play)3. Look! How ______ Kate is laughing! (happy)4. It snowed _____ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)5. Edison was a great ______. During his life he had many ______. (invent)6. More and more _____ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）7. We want _________ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)8. Please give me some reference work. It will ______ my task. (simple)9. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _______.(operate)10. Thank you for your _________. (kind)11When in Rome, do as the _____ do. (Rome)12. The teacher was pleased with her _______. (honest)Ⅱ.单选1. That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A. careB. carefulC. carelessD. carelessness2. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. dieB. deadC. diedD. death3. The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.A. leggingB. leggedC. legsD. leged4.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates. A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely5.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well.A. satisfiedB. satisfactoryC. satisfyingD. satisfaction6.—What are you doing here?—Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write________passage in English?A. 600 words；a 600-wordsB. 600-word；a 600-wordsC. 600 words；a 600-wordD. 600 words；a 600-words7. No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.A. permitB. permissionC. permittingD. permittence8. You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.A. headquartersB. headlineC. headmasterD. headache9.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________.A. intendB. intentionC. intentionallyD. intentional10. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.A. practiceB. practiceC. practicalD. practiced11. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?A. latelyB. latestC. laterD. latter12. Canada is mainly an________country.A. English-speakingB. speak-EnglishC. spoken-EnglishD. English-spoken13. How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________.A. foolish；foolishly；foolB. fool；foolish；foolC. foolish；fool；foolD. foolishly；foolish；fool14. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great ________.15. We have to learn ________technology from other countries.A. advanceB. advancingC. advantageD. advanced16. The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.A. nearbyB. nearC. nearlyD. near by17.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.A. healthB. healthyC. healthilyD. healthier18.________ speaking，I di dn’t do it on purpose.A. HonestlyB. HonestC. HonestyD. DishonestⅢ.根据上下⽂语境和提⽰的⾸字母，在划线处写出⼀个合适的词。

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题带答案1.The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. “blackboard” is a(n) _____.posite wordpound wordC.blended wordD.derived word答案：B。

解析：“blackboard”是由“black”（黑色）和“board”（板）两个独立的词组合而成的复合词（compound word）。

A 选项composite word 一般指合成词，范围比较宽泛；C 选项blended word 指混合词，是通过把两个词的部分组合在一起形成的新单词；D 选项derived word 是派生词，通过加前缀或后缀形成。

2.The football player is very strong. “football” is a(n) _____.posite wordpound wordC.blended wordD.derived word答案：B。

解析：“football”是由“foot”（脚）和“ball”（球）两个词组合而成的复合词。

A 选项composite word 一般指合成词，范围比较宽泛；C 选项blended word 指混合词，是通过把两个词的部分组合在一起形成的新单词；D 选项derived word 是派生词，通过加前缀或后缀形成。

3.The bookcase is made of wood. “bookcase” is a(n) _____.posite wordpound wordC.blended wordD.derived word答案：B。

解析：“bookcase”是由“book”（书）和“case”（箱子）两个词组合而成的复合词。

A 选项composite word 一般指合成词，范围比较宽泛；C 选项blended word 指混合词，是通过把两个词的部分组合在一起形成的新单词；D 选项derived word 是派生词，通过加前缀或后缀形成。

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题(带答案)1. The word “unhappy” means not happy. Here, “un - ” is a prefix. Which of the following words has the same prefix with the same meaning?A. unableB. reuseC. preheatD. subway答案：A。

解析：在“unhappy”中，“un - ”是一个表示否定的前缀，意思是“不”。

“unable”中的“un - ”也是这个意思，表示“不能的”，和“unhappy”中的前缀意义相同。

“reuse”中的“re - ”表示“再次”；“preheat”中的“pre - ”表示“预先”；“subway”中的“sub - ”表示“在……之下”。

2. “Misunderstand” means not understand correctly. The prefix “mis - ” here gives a negative meaning. Which word also has this “mis - ” prefix?A. misleadB. mistakeC. both A and BD. none of them答案：C。

解析：在“misunderstand”中，“mis - ”是表示错误、否定的前缀。

“mislead”中的“mis - ”表示“错误地引导”，“mistake”中的“mis - ”也表示错误的意思，所以A和B都有这个前缀。

3. The prefix “re - ” in “rewrite” means “again”. Which of the following words has the same prefix with this meaning?A. reviewB. removeC. resistD. respect答案：A。

人教版高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题含答案解析1. The word “unhappy” is formed by adding the prefix “un - ” to the word “happy”. Which of the following words is also formed in this way?A. reuseB. disappearC. unkindD. rewrite答案解析：C。

选项A“reuse”是由前缀“re - ”加上“use”构成，表示“再利用”，是“re - ”（ 再、又）这个前缀的构词法。

选项B“disappear”是由前缀“dis - ”加上“appear”构成，表示“消失”，是“dis - ”（否定、相反）这个前缀的构词法。

选项C“unkind”是由前缀“un - ”加上“kind”构成，和“unhappy”一样，“un - ”表示否定，“unkind”意为“不友善的”，符合题意。

选项D“rewrite”是由前缀“re - ”加上“write”构成，表示“重写”，是“re - ”的构词法。

2. We know that “recycle” means to treat things so that they can be used again. Which word has the same prefix as “recycle”?A. untrueB. remarryC. dislikeD. unable答案解析：B。

选项A“untrue”的前缀是“un - ”，表示否定，意为“不真实的”。

选项B“remarry”的前缀是“re - ”，和“recycle”的前缀一样，“re - ”表示“再、又”，“remarry”意为“再婚”。

选项C“dislike”的前缀是“dis - ”，表示否定、相反，意为“不喜欢”。

选项D“unable”的前缀是“un - ”，表示否定，意为“不能的”。

英语构词法练习题一、基础练习A: 名词后加“y”变成形容词sun---( sunny ) wind ---( windy ) cloud ---( cloudy ) rain ---( rainy ) snow ---( snowy ) fun---(funny ) health ---( healthy ) noise ---( noisy ) salt---( salty ) luck ---( lucky ) sleep ---( sleepy ) sand ---( sandy ) B: 名词后加“-ful” “-less”变成形容词care ---( careful )_( careless ) use---_(useful )( useless )colour---( colourful ) ( colourless ) help---( helpful ) ( helpless )hope ---( hopeful )_( hopeless ) harm ---(harmful ) ( harmless ) success---( successful ) wonder---(wonderful ) peace---( peaceful ) sleep ---(sleepless ) home---(homeless ) value---(valueless )C: 名词后加“-ern”变成形容词east--( eastern )west ---( western )south---( southern ) north---(northern )D: 名词后加“-al”变成形容词person---( personal )education---(educational )tradition---(traditional) medicine---( medical ) music ---(musical ) nature---( natural )E: 名词后加“-ly”变成形容词friend---( friendly ) love---(lovely ) week---( weekly )F: 名词后加“--ous”变成形容词danger---( dangerous mystery---( mysterious ) fame---( famous )G: 名词后加“-en”变成形容词wool---( woolen ) wood--( wooden ) gold---( golden )H: 名词转化为形容词的不规则变化energy---( energetic) athlete---( athletic ) hunger---(hungry ) pride---( proud ) death---( dead ) science---( scientific ) anger---( angry ) Africa---(African ) America---(American ) Asia---( Asian ) Australia---( Australian )I:动词变名词①work---__worker_(工作者) sing---_singer___(歌手) teach---____teacher__(教师)drive---___driver____(司机) write---_writer_(作家) dance---_dancer(舞蹈家) win---____winner__(获胜者) run---___runner___(赛跑者) swim---__swimmer(游泳者)act---___acter(演员) collect---collector(收藏家) direct---___director(主管) visit---__visitor(参观者) invent---_inventor(发明家) translate---____translator(翻译家)②educate---____education(教育) describe---__description(描述) predict---prediction(预言)collect---collection(收藏) invent---invention_(发明) build---building(建筑物)③mean---__meaning(意思) meet---__meeting__(会议) cross---crossing(路口)turn---__turning(转弯处) decide---_decision(决定) die---___death(死亡)④fly---__flight(飞行) know---___knowledge(知识) please---__pleasure(高兴) pronounce---__pronouncement(发音) mix---____mixture(混合物)J：形容词的两种形式—ing/—edplease---___pleasing(令人高兴的)---_____pleased(感到高兴的)surprise---___surprising(令人惊讶的的) ---____surprised(感到惊讶的)excite---____exciting(令人兴奋的) ---____excited(感到兴奋的)interest---_____interesting______(令人感兴趣的)---_____interested( 感兴趣的) worry---____worrying__(令人担忧的) ---__worried(感到担忧的)amaze, annoy, bore, disappoint, embarrass, frustrate, relax, terrify, thrill, tire等K: 形容词的变化a: 形容词变副词。

高中英语构词法讲解与练习一.类别英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。

二.定义与精讲1.转化法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。

1)动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如：Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。

②有时意思有一定变化，如：He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。

③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如：Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。

2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件，如Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗 ?②身体部位，如：Please hand me the book请.把那本书递给我。

③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，如：Shenursed her husband back to health她.看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。

④某些抽象名词也可作动词。

如：We lunched together我.们在一起吃了午餐。

3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。

如：We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。

例如：Murder will out.( 谚语 )恶事终必将败露。

5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如：You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服②某些形容词如 old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与 the 连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数如下，如：The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

中考英语构词法专项解析和考点精练英语中最基本的构词法有三种：派生、合成和转化。

另外，缩写和简写也是构词发的一种。

一、派生法派生法是给一个单词（词根）加上前缀或后缀，构成一个新单词的构词法。

前缀：加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一般不改变原词的词性，只改变词义。

后缀：加在词根后面的的构成部分叫后缀，它一般改变原词的词性，同时也改变词义。

(一) 前缀1. anti- 反对 antiwar 反战的（the Anti-Japanese War 抗日战争）antisocial 反社会的2. bi- 双 bicycle 自行车3. co- 共同 cooperation 合作 coworker 同事4. dis- 否定 discover 发现 disbelief 不相信，怀疑disabled 残疾的，有缺陷的 dislike 不喜欢，厌恶5.en- 使成为 encourage 鼓励 enable 使能够 enrich 使丰富6.fore- 先；前；预 forecast 预报（weather forecast 天气预报）forehead 前额；前部 forearm 前臂、7.for- 禁；弃 forbid 禁止（Forbidden City 紫禁城） forgive 原谅；饶恕forget 忘记8. inter- 互相；间 internet 互谅网 international 国际的 interview 会见9. mid- 中 midday 中午 midnight 半夜 mid-autumn 中秋的10. mis- 误 misunderstand 误会 mistake 错误 misfortune 不辛11. re- 重；复 rewrite 重写 retell 复述 review 复习12. super- 超 supermarket 超级市场 superman 超人13. tele- 远 telephone 电话 television 电视14. un- 不 unable 不能的 unimportant 不重要的unbelievable 不可相信的；令人难以置信的(二) 后缀1. -an 人 African 非洲人 American 美国人 Italian 意大利人2. –er 人 worker 工人 teacher 教师 writer 作家3. –ful 充满 peaceful 和平的 careful 小心的4. -hood 身份 childhood 童年 neighborhood 邻里5. –ian 人 musician 音乐家 Canadian 加拿大人 Indian 印度人6. –ment 运动；结果 development 发展 movement 运动7. -ly 的；品质 friendly 有好的 weekly 每周的8. -ness 性质 kindness 和善 carelessness 粗心 illness 疾病9. –ship 身份；状态 friendship 友谊 hardship 苦难10. -less 无 useless 无用的 careless 不小心的 homeless 无家可归的11. -tion 状态 action 行动 pollution 污染12. -ity (抽象名词) ability 能力 possibility 可能性13. -sion 状态 decision 决定 discussion 讨论14. –ist 家 artist 艺术节 pianist 钢琴家scientist 科学家 dentist 牙科医生二、合成法合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词的构词法。

英语高考考点---名词的构成及练习（附答案）构成名词常用的后缀（共有15种方法）1. --- ness形容词+ness变成名词;,辅音字母+Y结尾，该y为i再加nesshappy(快乐的)----happiness（快乐）clever(聪明的)---- cleverness(聪明)kind(善良的)----kindness(善良) polite(有礼貌的)politeness(礼貌)2. ---ity形容词+ity变成名词,以e结尾去掉e再加ity,le结尾改为il再加ityReal（真实的)----reality(现实) popular(受欢迎的)-----popularity(受欢迎)pure(纯净的)---purity(纯净) Possible（可能的)---- possibility(可能)probable(大概)---- probability(大概的)3.---ence e nt结尾的形容词变成名词改为enceabsent(缺席的)---- absence(缺席) different (不同的)-------difference(不同)excellent(优秀的)-----excellence(优秀) patient(耐心的)----- patience(耐心)4.--- ance/ancy带“－ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是－ance或－ancy后缀。

例如：distant(遥远的)--distance(远处) important(重要的)---- importance(重要)accept(接受)---acceptance（接受）disappear(消失)---disappearance(消失)5.---ment 动词+ment变成名词develop(发展)---development(发展) enjoy(喜爱)----enjoyment(喜爱)amaze(使惊奇)-----amazement(惊奇) excite(使激动)----excitement(激动)argue(争论)---argument(争论) judge(判断)----judgment(判决)6.--- ion以t结尾的动词+ion变成名词collect(收集)----collection(收集) select(选择)----selection(选择)act(行动)----action(行动) inspect(检查)----inspection(检查)7.---ion 以-ss结尾的动词在转变成与其相对应的名词形式时，可以直接在其后加-ionexpress(表达)----expression(表达) Discuss(讨论)------discussion(讨论)impress(使.....留下印象)-----impression(印象)8 .ation以ate结尾的动词在转变成与其相对的名词形式时，应该去掉不发音的e再加ioneducate(教育)----education(教育) liberate(解放)--- liberation(解放)translate(翻译) - translation(翻译) graduate(毕业)-----graduation（毕业）9.tion以元音字母+辅音字母+e结尾的动词在转换成名词时，通常的做法是先将e改成a然后在其后加-tion(这样做的原因是字母a的读音ei 会使这个词读起来上口)admire(羡慕)---admiration(羡慕) recite(背诵)----- recitation(背诵)prepare(准备)----preparation(准备) invite(邀请)-----invitation(邀请)10 ---sion以de结尾的动词，在转变成与其对应的名词时，去掉字母组合de再加上siondecide(决定)----decision((决定) divide（分开）-----division（分开）provide(提供)----provision(提供) conclude(推断)-conclusion(推论)11. ---ssion以重读闭音节结尾的动词，在转变成与其对应的名词时，先将词尾t，然后再加-ssionadmit（准许）----admission（入场费）permit（许可）----permission（允许）12. ---hoodchild(孩子)----childhood(孩童时期) neighbour(邻居)----neighbourhood(邻居关系)mother(母亲)----motherhood(母亲的身份) brother(兄弟)---brotherhood(兄弟关系) 13.---shipfriend(朋友)---friendship(友谊) relation(关系)--relationship(关系)scholar(学者)---scholarship(学者) citizen(公民)-----citizenship(公民身份)14.---ingfeel(感到，摸)---feeling(感觉) build(建设)---building(建筑物)meet(集合)-----meeting(会议) hear(听)----hearing(听力)15.---thdeep(深的)----depth(深度) wide(宽的)----width(宽度)long(长的)----length(长度) strong(强大的)----strength(力量，强度)一、将下列动词转换为名词。

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题1.The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. What's the meaning of "blackboard"?black+boardA.black 黑色的，board 木板，合成词“blackboard”意为黑板。

2.The classroom is very bright. What's the meaning of "classroom"?class+roomA.class 班级、课，room 房间，合成词“classroom”意为教室。

3.The schoolbag is heavy. What's the meaning of "schoolbag"?school+bagA.school 学校，bag 包，合成词“schoolbag”意为书包。

4.The football field is very large. What's the meaning of "football"?foot+ballA.foot 脚，ball 球，合成词“football”意为足球。

5.The playground is full of students. What's the meaning of "playground"?play+groundA.play 玩，ground 地面，合成词“playground”意为操场。

6.The notebook is on the desk. What's the meaning of "notebook"?note+bookA.note 笔记，book 书，合成词“notebook”意为笔记本。

7.The pencil case is very beautiful. What's the meaning of "pencilcase"?pencil+caseA.pencil 铅笔，case 盒子，合成词“pencil case”意为铅笔盒。

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题1. My brother is a bookworm. He loves to read in his free time. The underlined word “bookworm” is a(an) _____.A.noun + nounB.verb + nounC.adjective + nounD.adverb + noun答案：A。

“bookworm”由“book（书）”和“worm（虫子）”两个名词组成，是一个合成词，意思是“书呆子”。

选项 A 是名词加名词；选项B 是动词加名词；选项C 是形容词加名词；选项D 是副词加名词。

2. The blackboard is very important in the classroom. The underlined word “blackboard” is a(an) _____.A.noun + nounB.verb + nounC.adjective + nounD.adverb + noun答案：A。

“blackboard”由“black（ 黑色的）”和“board（ 板）”两个名词组成，是一个合成词，意思是“黑板”。

选项 A 是名词加名词；选项B 是动词加名词；选项C 是形容词加名词；选项D 是副词加名词。

3. The firefighter is very brave. He saves people from fire. Theunderlined word “firefighter” is a(an) _____.A.noun + nounB.verb + nounC.adjective + nounD.adverb + noun答案：A。

“firefighter”由“fire（ 火）”和“fighter（ 战士）”两个名词组成，是一个合成词，意思是“消防员”。

选项 A 是名词加名词；选项B 是动词加名词；选项C 是形容词加名词；选项D 是副词加名词。

高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题1.The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. What's the meaning of “blackboard”?A.blackB.boardC.black and boardD.none of the above答案：C。

“blackboard”是由“black（黑色的）”和“board（木板）”合成的合成词，表示“黑板”。

A 选项只是“黑色的”；B 选项只是“木板”；D 选项错误。

2.The playground is very large. What's the meaning of “playground”?A.playB.groundC.play and groundD.none of the above答案：C。

“playground”是由“play（ 玩耍）”和“ground（ 地面）”合成的合成词，表示“操场”。

A 选项只是“玩耍”；B 选项只是“地面”；D 选项错误。

3.The football player is very strong. What's the meaning of “football”?A.footB.ballC.foot and ballD.none of the above答案：C。

“football”是由“foot 脚）”和“ball 球）”合成的合成词，表示“足球”。

A 选项只是“脚”；B 选项只是“球”；D 选项错误。

4.The classroom is clean and tidy. What's the meaning of “classroom”?A.classB.roomC.class and roomD.none of the above答案：C。

“classroom”是由“class（ 班级、课）”和“room（ 房间）”合成的合成词，表示“教室”。