踝关节扭伤的患者指南 PPT

• 反复多次的轻度踝关节扭伤或一次严重 的踝关节扭伤均可导致踝关节撞击综合征 。扭伤韧带会发炎并增厚，导致在踝关节 边缘附近出现撞击。
• Diagnosis • 诊断 • How do doctors diagnose the condition? • 医生是如何诊断踝关节扭伤的
• The diagnosis of an ankle sprain is usually made by examination of the ankle and X-rays to make sure that the ankle is not fractured. A physical examination is used to determine which ligament has been injured. The doctor will move your ankle in different positions in order to check the ligaments and other soft tissues around the ankle. Some tests place stress directly on the ankle ligaments to see if the ankle has become unstable and to find out if one or more ligaments has been partially or completely torn.
• 踝关节扭伤发生后，最初的症状是肿胀、
疼痛、淤青，这是由于撕裂的软组织内血 管发生破裂，进而血液渗出到踝关节周围 所致。随着扭伤后24小时或更长时间，额 外的液体不断渗漏入组织，踝关节发生肿 胀。
• People who have sprained an ankle often end up spraining the ankle again. If the ankle keeps turning in with activity, the condition is called ankle instability. Patients who have ankle instability lose confidence in their ankle to support them, especially on uneven ground. They often have swelling around the ankle that doesn’t go away. Pain and swelling in a joint can cause a reflex where the body turns off the muscles around the joint. This can cause times when the ankle feels like it is going to give way, meaning it may have a tendency to twist again very easily.
• People who have had several mild ankle sprains or one severe sprain are prone to impingement problems in the ankle. The ligaments that were sprained may become irritated and thickened, causing them to get pinched near the edge of the ankle joint.
踝关节扭伤患者指南
踝关节扭伤患者指南
• Ankle Sprain • 踝关节扭伤 • A Patient’s Guide to Ankle Sprain • 踝关节扭伤患者指南 • Introduction • 简介
• An ankle sprain is a common injury and usually results when the ankle is twisted, or turned in (inverted). The term sprain signifies injury to the soft tissues, usually the ligaments, of the ankle.
• 踝关节扭伤是生活中很常见的损伤，通 常是由于踝关节内翻损伤所导致。术语“扭 伤”一般指的是软组织的损伤，在踝关节， 通常指的是韧带损伤。
• This guide will help you understand • how an ankle sprain occurs • how doctors diagnose the condition • what can be done to treat a sprain • • 本指南旨在帮助你了解 • 踝关节扭伤是怎样发生的 • 如何诊断踝关节扭伤 • 如何治疗踝关节扭伤
• Anatomy • 解剖 • What part of the ankle is involved? • 踝关节包括哪些结构？
Anatomy 解剖ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
What part of the ankle is involved? 踝关节包括哪些结构？
• Ligaments are tough bands of tissue that help connect bones together. Three ligaments make up the lateral ligament complex on the side of the ankle farthest from the other ankle. They are theanterior talofibular ligament (ATFL),the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and the posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL).The common inversion injury to the ankle usually involves two ligaments, the ATFL and CFL. Normally, the ATFL keeps the ankle from sliding forward, and the CFL keeps the ankle from rolling inward on its side.
• 韧带是一种致密的带状组织，它把相邻骨 关节连接在一起。踝关节外侧韧带复合体 由三条韧带组成：距腓前韧带、跟腓韧带 、距腓后韧带。踝关节内翻扭伤通常累及 其中两条韧带：距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带。 距腓前韧带防止踝关节前移，跟腓韧带防 止踝关节过度内收。
• A ligament is made up of multiple strands of connective tissue, similar to a nylon rope. A sprain results in stretching or tearing of the ligaments. Minor sprains only stretch the ligament. A tear may be either a complete tear of all the strands of the ligament or a partial tear of only some of the strands. The ligament is weakened by the injury; how much it is weakened depends on the degree of the sprain.
• 有一种严重的踝关节扭伤，又称踝关节下 胫腓联合损伤，累及踝关节的其他支持韧 带。这种类型的踝关节扭伤又称高位踝关 节扭伤，因为它累及的韧带位于踝关节上 方。踝关节下胫腓联合损伤发生时，至少 有一条连接胫腓骨远端的韧带发生拉伤或 撕裂，即使是轻微的下胫腓联合损伤，其 恢复时间至少是普通踝关节扭伤的两倍。
• 一旦踝关节发生过一次扭伤，就很容易再 次发生扭伤。如果踝关节反复多次扭伤， 这被称之为“踝关节不稳”，这种情况会导致 患者对他们的踝关节的功能失去信心，尤 其是在凹凸不平的路面行走时。这类患者 的踝关节总是反复肿胀而不能消退。关节 的疼痛和肿胀会反射性地使人们不使用关 节周围的肌肉。这会不时地让人们感觉踝 关节似乎将要垮掉了，也说是说踝关节更 容易再次扭伤。
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• 韧带是由多股束带状结缔组织组成，很像 是一股尼龙绳。扭伤会导致韧带的拉伤或 撕裂。轻微扭伤仅仅导致韧带的拉伤。严 重扭伤会导致韧带撕裂，而韧带撕裂既可 能是韧带内全部束带的断裂，也可能是部 分束带的断裂。韧带损伤后，其力量会减 弱，具体减弱的程度取决于扭伤的程度。
• The lateral ligaments are by far the most commonly injured ligaments in a typical inversion injury of the ankle. In an inversion injury the ankle tilts inward, meaning the bottom of the foot angles toward the other foot. This forces all the pressure of your body weight onto the outside edge of the ankle. As a result, the ligaments on the outside of the ankle are stretched and possibly torn.
• Symptoms • 症状 • What does an ankle sprain feel like? • 踝关节扭伤后有哪些表现？
• Initially the ankle is swollen, painful, and may turnecchymotic (bruised). The bruising and swelling are due to ruptured blood vessels from the tearing of the soft tissues. Most of the initial swelling is actually bleeding into the surrounding tissues. The ankle swells as extra fluid continues to leak into the tissues over the 24 hours following the sprain.