山西省孝义三中10-11学年高二第三次月考试题语文

一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列词语中，字形、字音、字义完全正确的一项是（）A. 恣意妄为（zì yì wàng wéi）B. 气吞山河（qì tūn shān hé）C. 震耳欲聋（zhèn ěr yù lóng）D. 指点江山（zhǐ diǎn jiāng shān）2. 下列句子中，没有语病的一项是（）A. 他不仅学习成绩好，而且热心帮助同学。

B. 她为了准备考试，每天晚上都要学习到深夜。

C. 通过这次活动，我们深深感受到了老师的关爱。

D. 他的发言引起了大家的强烈不满，甚至有人拍案而起。

3. 下列成语中，书写正确的一项是（）A. 畏首畏尾（wèi shǒu wèi wěi）B. 毛遂自荐（máo suí zì jiàn）C. 好高骛远（hào gāo wù yuǎn）D. 精卫填海（jīng wèi tián hǎi）4. 下列词语中，属于多音字的一项是（）A. 拔（bá，bá）B. 担（dān，dàn）C. 舍（shě，shè）D. 塞（sài，sè）5. 下列句子中，修辞手法运用正确的一项是（）A. 这本书就像一座宝库，充满了知识。

B. 月亮升上了天空，星星像钻石一样闪烁。

C. 那个男孩跑得像兔子一样快。

D. 这朵花真美，就像一个仙女。

6. 下列句子中，标点符号使用正确的一项是（）A. “我喜欢读书，尤其是古典文学。

”B. “这是什么？那是我的书。

”C. “你能帮我一下吗？我找不到回家的路了。

”D. “明天我要去北京，你呢？”7. 下列词语中，与“月色朦胧”意思相近的一项是（）A. 月色皎洁B. 月色苍白C. 月色朦胧D. 月色惨淡8. 下列句子中，表达得体的一项是（）A. 老师您好，我明天请假。

山西省孝义市高三上学期语文10月考试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、现代文阅读 (共2题；共38分)1. （19分） (2018高三下·新津开学考) 阅读下面的文字，完成后面小题。

材料一：由国家卫生计生委组织实施的2016年中国流动人口发展调查1月10日在京发布。

调查显示：2016年末，全国流动人口达2．57亿，超过总人口的1/6。

上海交通大学特聘教授、复旦大学教授陆铭指出，一个国家在市场统一，生产要素得以自由流动的情况下，结果一定是空间上的“高度集聚”。

“这是现代经济的共同特征。

”空间的“高度集聚”是怎样的？比如年轻人涌向北上广，比如沿海城市成热门选择，这就会让“不平衡”三个字呼之欲出了。

陆铭将此形容为“统一、效率、平衡”之间的矛盾。

“统一的国家让市场来决定资源配置，每个人都有选择权，资源自由流动；而人们在衡量自己的收益和成本时，都会最大化自己的效益，有一个效率追求。

在‘统一’和‘效率’都实现的情况下，空间的配置一定是高度不均衡的，这是人们通常所说的‘不平衡’。

”他甚至断言，如果要同时追求统一、效率和经济活动均匀分布意义上的“平衡”是“不可能！”（摘自澎湃新闻网《中国城市化问题：你要大城市一张床，还是小城镇一间房？》2017年1-月2日）材料二：（本报讯（记者卫敏））由国家卫生计生委组织实施的2016年中国流动人口发展调查日前在京发布。

该《报告》以流动人口卫生计生服务管理为重点，分专题对人口流动迁移和城镇化、流动人口的生存发展与社会融合、流动人口基本公共服务、流动人口卫生计生服务管理和流动人口生育进行了分析，探讨了相关的政策。

《报告》指出，近年来流动人口规模持续增加，2016年年末全国流动人口达2．57亿，超过总人口的l/6，并呈现以下几个特点：（《中商情报网讯》2016年10月20日01版）材料三：南京大学城市科学研究院副院长胡小武指出，以“北上广”为代表的一线城市，聚集了千万以上的城市人口，形成一个多元异质、丰富多样的城市经济、政治、文化结构。

山西省孝义三中10-11学年高二英语第三次月考试题考试时间：120分钟总分：150分Ⅰ完形填空（每个2分，共40分）_In the United States there was an unusual tale telling of the daughter of a mechanic （技工）. One day while walking along the bank of a lake, the girl 1 to see 20 eggs laid by a wild goose. After some time the girl 2 the mother would not return to her eggs and she 3 to take them home. There she carefully 4 the eggs in the heat of a lamp. Several days 5 the eggs broke and the baby geese came into the 6 .Geese are known to take the first living thing they see as their mother. 7 , to these young geese, the girl was their mother.As they 8 , the girl was able to 9 her birds to run across the grass, but she could not teach them to 10 . The girl became increasingly worried about this, both when 11 and in her dreams. Later, she had an 12 : She would pilot a plane to guide them in 13 . She asked her father for a plane and he assembled（组装）a small aircraft for her.Caring about 14 safety, the father decided to pilot the plane himself. However, the birds did not 15 or follow him, and 16 slept in the grass.One day, the girl 17 into the plane, started it and soon left the 18 . Seeing their mother take to the air, the birds 19 flapped（拍打）their wings and 20 . She flew the plane freely in the sky, her young birds following.1. A. managed B. attempted C. happened D. supposed2. A. realized B. expected C. imagined D. admitted3. A. helped B. decided C. afforded D. meant4. A. placed B. protected C. treated D. examined5. A. ago B. out C. later D. long6. A. family B. lake C. home D. world7. A. But B. Also C. Thus D. Still8. A. increased B. improved C. rose D. grew9. A. ask B. lead C. want D. allow10. A. fly B. race C. swim D. sing11. A. asleep B. away C. around D. awake12. A. idea B. opinion C. explanation D. excuse13. A. sky B. heaven C. flight D. plane14. A. his B. her C. their D. its15 A. respect B. remember C. recognize D. receive16. A. so B. instead C. hardly D. too17. A. climbed B. looked C. reached D. fell18. A. house B. floor C. water D. ground19. A. secretly B. disappointedly C. patiently D. eagerly20. A. looked away B. set out C. went by D. turned backⅡ.单选(每题1分，共25分)：21．----Excuse me, sir. This is a non-smoking school---Oh. Sorry . I _________ that. I won’t again.A．don’t know B. didn’t know C. won’t know D. haven’t known 22. One way to understand thousands of new words is to have ____ good knowledge of basicword formation.A. /B. theC. aD. one23.Mark Twain,，________ was Samuel Clemens, wrote many famous novels.A. the real nameB. what his real nameC. his real nameD. whose real name24. Parents are taught to understand _____ important education is to their children's future.A. thatB. howC. suchD. so.25.—Is your father still smoking?—________. It’s three years since he smoked.A. YesB. NoC. CertainlyD. Instead26.Mary took little notice _____ the honors that were given to her in her later years.A. ofB. onC. aboutD. from27. ---Did Peter repair the car himself?----He __________, because he doesn’t know much about cars.A. has it repairedB. had repaired itC. had it repairedD. repaired it.28. We can’t go .______, it’s too cold. Besides ,we have no money.A. In the endB. To begin with . After all D. Secondly29.---_______ David and Vicky ____ married?A. How long were; beingB. How long have; gotC. How long have; been D: How long did; get30. They have ____ us ￡150,000 for the house. Shall we take it?A. providedB. suppliedC. shownD. offered31.Rita_____ for Beijing last weekA. set onB. set asideC. set aboutD. set off32.By the time Jane gets home, her aunt ____ for London to attend a meeting.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. left33.—Peter, you ____ the window quickly, will you?—Ok！Oh! The window _____ broken.A.shut; isB. will shut; has beenC. are shutting; wasD. have shut; has34.—Have you ever been to France?—Yes. I_______ there last August.A. had beenB. wentC. have beenD. had gone35.Close attention is _____ present movements in the international money market.A.being paid toB. paying toC. being paid forD. paying for36.“You can’t catch me!”Tom shouted,____ away.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran37. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ____ in his lessons.A. interestedB. interestingC. interestD. to interest38.In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _____ for everyone to stand up.A. signalB. chanceC. markD. measure39. ---She looks very happy. She _____ have passed the exam.----I guess so. It’s not difficult at all.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. might40.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay.41. There are plenty of jobs ____ in the western part of the country.A. presentB. availableC. preciousD. convenient42 After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ____ her job as a doctor in the countryside.A. set outB. took overC. took upD. set up43. The weather was _____ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.A. reallyB. suchC. tooD.so44. —Can I smoke here?—Sorry. We don’t allow _____ here.A. people smokingB. people smokeC. to smokeD. smoking45.“Things ______ never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself.A. lostB. losingC. to loseD. have lostⅢ阅读理解（每题3分，共60分）AIt was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2005. While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival, he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone.The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport. Trevor used it to get o work, putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get groceries（食品杂货），saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live.I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity（人性）as a whole. And it has influenced（影响）us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others. No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting.46. Why was the bike so important to the couple?A. The man’s job was bike racing.B. It was their only possession.C. It was a nice Kona 18 speed.D. They used it for work and daily life.47. We can infer from the text that ____________.A. the couple worked 60 hours a week.B. people were busy before ChristmasC. the stranger brought over the bikeD. life was hard for the young family.48. How did people get to know the couple’s problem?A. From radio broadcasts.B. From a newspaper.C. From TV news.D. From a stranger.49. What do the couple learn from their experience?A. Strangers are usually of little help.B. One should take care of their bike.C. News reports make people famous.D. An act of kindness can mean a lot.BThe following notice is posted in the bus station.Time Table:●Buses leave the Railway Station, New York City, from 7:00 am and every half-hour thereafter, until 11:30 pm(7 days a week)●Buses leave Brennan Station 20 minutes before and after every hour from 6:20 am to 11:40 pm(7 days a week)●Evening rush hours (5:00 pm to 7:00 pm): Buses leave the Railway Station, New York City every 15 minutes. (Monday-Friday)●Holidays Buses leave every hour on the hour, each direction. (Trip time:30 minutes each way)●All tickets must be bought at Window 12, the Railway Station, New York City, or at the Brennan Station Window BEFORE boarding buses.50. If you want to take a bus in the evening rush hour, you should take the ____ in the Railway Station, New York City on Monday.A. 6:20 pmB. 5:45 pmC. 8:00 pmD. 7:15 pm51. If you get to the Railway Station New York 11:35 am on Saturday, how long will you have to wait before you take a bus?A.5 minutesB.15 minutesC.25 minutesD. No bus can be taken52. You’ll go back home from work in Brennan. Which of the following bus will you take?A.7:30 pmB.6:00 pmC.5:45 pmD.6:20 pm53. Where should passengers buy their tickets?A. From the bus driverB. On the bus after getting on itC. From the conductorD. At the station before boardingCHave you ever seen people dance? Some dances are fast and others are slow. People’s feet always move when they dance. They keep on moving until the music stops.People have enjoyed dancing for a very long time. This story is of a different kind of dance. It is a dance without people or music. Yet this dance is one of the oldest in the world. It is the dance of bees.If you have ever watched bees, you know that they are very clever. They also work hard looking for food and bringing it hack to their home.The home of the bees is called a bee hive(巢). Here hundreds even thousands of bees live. They work day and night building small walls of wax(蜡). Then they make their honey. This is the same honey that we eat.Where does the honey come from? Bees live on food from flowers. Have you seen bees flying around a flower garden? When a bee rests on a flower, it tries to go to the center of it.There it takes the food back to the hive.At the hive, bees change this flower food into honey. Then they fly away for more food. How do the bees know where to find the best food in the sweetest flowers? One bee acts as a guide. When it discovers good flowers, it flies back to the hive and tells the others. It does this by dancing for them.The bee dances on the side. This tells the other bees which way to go to find the flowers. But that is not all. The bee dances for some time. And the length of its dance tells the other bees how far they must fly to reach the flowers.When the bees see the dance, they know where the flowers are. They fly away and return with more food for the hive.Sometimes we hear the music of the bees as they fly around. But few people have ever seen them dance. Yet without that dance we might never have sweet honey to eat.54. The writer believes that____________.A. people dance better than beesB. people learned dance from beesC. bees dance more often than peopleD. bees don’t like music55. From this passage we know that the dance of bees means__________A. they are good at danceB. they want to show their beautyC. they communicate with each otherD. they have nothing to do56. Which of the following is TURE?A. People get honey from flowers directlyB. People draw honey from bees’ bodiesC. People produce honey in a secret placeD. People get honey from bees indirectly57. If a bee wants to get some information about the distance of food, he may watch closely at _____of the other bees’ dance.A. the sideB. the lengthC. the placeD. the timeDMany families in the United States have a larger income now than ever before, but people are finding it difficult to make ends meet anyway. Almost everyone is wondering,“What happens to all my money?”I never seem to have anything left to put away.Why isn’t a dollar worth as much as it used to be? One dollar is always worth the same amount, that is, 100 cents. But the value of a dollar is how much it can buy. The value of money depends on the cost of living. Economists（经济学家）say that the cost of living is the money that a family must pay for the necessities of life（生活必需品）such as food, housing or rent, clothes, and medical expenses. For many years now, the cost of living has increased greatly, so the value of the dollar has decreased. When a dollar has a low value, you cannot buy as many things with it.No one fully understands why the cost of living keeps increasing, but economists believe that workers and producers can make prices go up. As workers earn more money, they have more money to spend, so many demand more goods. If there is a great demand for certain goods, the prices of these goods go up. At the same time, if there’s a shortage（短缺）of goods, the prices also go up. For example, if everyone wants to buy more and more gas, the price of gas goes up. When companies withhold gas from buyers, they can also make the price of gas go up.Families need to know what happens to their money. They need to make their incomemeet the cost of living, so many people plan a family budget. A budget（预算）is a list of monthly. If your expenses add up to more than your income, you must find ways to save money. Maybe you’re spending too much on entertainment. Or if you’re spending too much on clothes, you may want to sew your own clothes. Budgeting helps you spend your money wisely as the cost of living increases.58. What has troubled many families in the United States?A. A not-large-enough incomeB. Nothing is left over to put awayC. The increasing cost of livingD. A shortage of certain goods59. ________determines(决定) the value of the dollar.A. The governmentB. The cost of livingC. The economistD. The bank60. While the cost of living increases, the value of the dollar__________.A. increases tooB. decreasesC. neither increases nor decreasesD. seldom decreases61. When ________, the prices go up.A. demand（需求）exceeds（超过）supply（供给）B. supply exceeds demandC. demand doesn’t exceed supplyD. supply equals demandEValentine’s Day’s is named after Saint Valentine, an early Christian churchman who reportedly helped young lovers. Valentine was executed(处决)for his Christian beliefs on February 14 more than 1,700 years ago, but the day that has his name is even earlier than that.More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient Romans celebrated a holiday for lovers. As part of the celebration, girls wrote their names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container（容器）. Boys reached into the container and pulled one out. The girl whose name was written on the paper became his lover or sweetheart for a year.Lovers still put their names on pieces of paper and they send each other Valentine’s Day cards that tell of their love. Sometimes they also send gifts, like flowers or chocolate candy. Americans usually send these gifts and cards through the mail system. But some use another way to send this message. They have it printed in a newspaper. The cost is usually a few dollars. Some of the messages are simple and short:“Jane, I love you very much. Peter.”Others say more. This one, for example, “Dan, roses are red, violets are blue. I hope you love me as much as I love you. Forever, Mary.”Most of the newspapers that print such messages are local, but one, USA Today, is sold throughout the United Stated and 90 other countries as well. This means someone can send a Valentine message to a lover in a far-away city or town almost anywhere in the world. These messages cost 80 dollars and more. An employee of the USA Today says readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages this year. Will this kind of Valentine’s Day messages reaches the one you love? Well, just make sure he or she reads the newspaper.62. How to understand“the day that has his name is even earlier than that”?A. The holiday for lovers is earlier than Valentine’s Day that was named after Saint Valentine.B. Valentine was executed a long time ago.C. The day when Valentine was executed is earlier than a holiday for lovers in ancient Rome.D. Valentine’s Day existed when Saint Valentine was still alive.63. Why the girl whose name was written on the paper would become a boy’s lover or sweetheart for a year?A. Because the girl would love the boy who pulled out a piece of paper on which the girl’sname was written.B. It’s up to the face.C. Because the boy would love the girl whose name was on the paper pulled out by him.D. Not mentioned in the passage.64. In what way do lovers express love when Valentine’s Day is coming, according to the passage?A. Sending Valentine’s Day cards.B. Sending gifts, like flowers or chocolate candy.C. Sending love through a newspaper.D. All of the above.65. Why printing message in USA Today is so expensive?A. Because readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages.B. Because USA Today is sold through the United States and other countries.C. Because USA Today is an important newspaper.D. Because the quality of the paper USA Today is high.Ⅳ、单句改错（每题1分，共十分）(多词，在该词上划\; 少词，在该处划/\并写出该词；错词，在该词下面划横线，并写出正确的词）66．What a terrible weather we have been having!67. This is the steel plant where we visited last week.68. Can’t you remember tell me that the other day?69. He left home last year and I haven’t seen him from then.70. Turn to the right, you will find the post office.71 .The close you are, the more you will see.72. The team was consisted of more than thirty members.73. This is the first time I visited your hometown.74. China will not be the first using nuclear weapon.(核武器)75．Speak slowly and try to make yourself understandⅤ、汉译英（每题3分，共15分）76.把这个和那个比较一下，你就可以看出哪个更好。

孝义三中高二语文月考测试总分150分考试时间：150分钟命题人：曹红红一、每小题4分，共20分1、下列词语中读音全都正确的一组是（）A、泊车(b6) 桀骜(ào) 唱主角(jiǎo)弹丸之地(dàn)B、恪守（kè）掺和(cān) 单行本(xíng) 不偏不倚(yǐ)C、梦魇(yǎn) 本埠(bù) 黑魆魆(qū) 燕颔(hàn)虎颈D、祝祷(dǎo) 鞭笞(chī) 便利店(biàn) 名噪(cào)一时2、下列词语中没有错别字的一组是（）A、慵懒妊娠纹惹事生非异曲同工B、尸骸股分制珠连璧合放浪形骸C、船坞响尾蛇贪生恶死长歌当哭D、渎职渡假村罄竹难书优柔寡断3、下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（）A、关于金字塔和狮身人面像的种种天真、想入非非．．．．的神话和传说，说明古埃及人有着极为丰富的想象力。

B、第二次世界大战时，德国展开了潜艇战，于是使用水声设备来寻找潜艇，成了盟国要解决的首当其冲．．．．的问题。

C、陕西剪纸粗犷朴实，简练夸张，同江南一带细致工整的风格相比真是半斤八两．．．．，各有千秋。

D、这些年轻的科学家决心以无所不为．．．．的勇气，克服重重困难，去探索大自然的奥秘。

4、下列各句中，没有语病的一项是（）A、中国速度滑冰队出征世界锦标赛，勇夺三金，已于昨日凯旋，在首都机场受到热烈欢迎。

B、以色列新政府成立以来，不仅未给业已艰难的中东和平进程带来一丝曙光，其强硬政策使中东地区陷入血腥和苦难。

C、这所大学的一些学生语文水平实在低下，传扬出去，准会被人贻笑大方，影响学校的声誉。

D、据北京中心气象台资料显示，今年北京市除夕最高气温16摄氏度，年初一气温更达18度，创1984年以来北京春节最高气温。

5、填入下面画横线处的语句，与上下文衔接最恰当的一项是（）澄河产瓜鱼, 背部有细骨一条，烹制后骨亦酥软可吃，极鲜美。

山西省高二下学期语文第三次月考试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、现代文阅读 (共3题；共24分)1. （6分） (2020高二上·烟台期末) 阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

无论在学业或职业中想成就事业，都需要有两种基本德行。

第一是“公”，公就是公道公理，一个问题的看法，一个事件的处理，都须依据一个客观的普遍的道理，对自己说得过去，对他人也说得过去，无论谁来看，都会觉得这是最合理的解决，学问也好，事业也好，都要尊重这种公道公理，才不至于发生弊端。

公的反面是私，世间许多人许多事都败于私心自用。

做学问存私心，便为偏见所蒙蔽，寻不着真理；做事存私心，便不免假公济私，贪污苟且，败坏自己的人格，也败坏社会的利益。

其次是“忠”，“忠”是死心塌地地爱护自己的职守，不肯放弃它或疏忽它。

把学问当做敲门砖，把职业当做营私的门径，就是不忠于所学所职，为着势利的引诱，放弃自己的学业或职业去做别的勾当，其行为也正等于汉奸卖国，都是不忠。

忠才能有牺牲的精神，不计私人利害，固守职分所在的岗位，坚持到底，以底于成。

忠是基本德行，有了它也就有了两种附带的德行，勤与勇，勤还是精进不懈，时时刻刻努力前进，务求把事做好；勇是无畏不屈，遇到任何困难，都必须拼命把它克服。

懒怠与怯懦是治学与治事的大忌，它们的病源在缺乏忠诚与忠诚所附带的热情。

每个人都是自己的命运的主宰，每个人的江山都依仗自己的奋斗才打得来。

这个世界是冷酷无情的，一个人如果想以寄生虫的心习，去侥幸获取只有勤奋的蜂蚁所能获到的花蜜，他终久必归自然淘汰。

万一他成功侥幸一时，社会所受的祸害也就很大。

一条寄生虫有时可以危害到一个人的性命，凡是关心学业、职业和事业的人，须记起这一番简单的道理。

（1）下列对文中划线句子的理解，正确的一项是（）A . 否定了世间有靠侥幸成功的事情。

B . 如果存在不劳而获的侥幸心理，必将被淘汰，即使成功也会对社会造成危害。

山西省孝义三中10-11学年高二第三次月考语文总分150分考试时间：150分钟一、每小题4分，共20分1、下列词语中读音全都正确的一组是（）A、泊车(b6) 桀骜(ào) 唱主角(jiǎo)弹丸之地(dàn)B、恪守（kè）掺和(cān) 单行本(xíng) 不偏不倚(yǐ)C、梦魇(yǎn) 本埠(bù) 黑魆魆(qū) 燕颔(hàn)虎颈D、祝祷(dǎo) 鞭笞(chī) 便利店(biàn) 名噪(cào)一时2、下列词语中没有错别字的一组是（）A、慵懒妊娠纹惹事生非异曲同工B、尸骸股分制珠连璧合放浪形骸C、船坞响尾蛇贪生恶死长歌当哭D、渎职渡假村罄竹难书优柔寡断3、下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（）A、关于金字塔和狮身人面像的种种天真、想入非非．．．．的神话和传说，说明古埃及人有着极为丰富的想象力。

B、第二次世界大战时，德国展开了潜艇战，于是使用水声设备来寻找潜艇，成了盟国要解决的首当其冲．．．．的问题。

C、陕西剪纸粗犷朴实，简练夸张，同江南一带细致工整的风格相比真是半斤八两．．．．，各有千秋。

D、这些年轻的科学家决心以无所不为．．．．的勇气，克服重重困难，去探索大自然的奥秘。

4、下列各句中，没有语病的一项是（）A、中国速度滑冰队出征世界锦标赛，勇夺三金，已于昨日凯旋，在首都机场受到热烈欢迎。

B、以色列新政府成立以来，不仅未给业已艰难的中东和平进程带来一丝曙光，其强硬政策使中东地区陷入血腥和苦难。

C、这所大学的一些学生语文水平实在低下，传扬出去，准会被人贻笑大方，影响学校的声誉。

D、据北京中心气象台资料显示，今年北京市除夕最高气温16摄氏度，年初一气温更达18度，创1984年以来北京春节最高气温。

5、填入下面画横线处的语句，与上下文衔接最恰当的一项是（）澄河产瓜鱼, 背部有细骨一条，烹制后骨亦酥软可吃，极鲜美。

2022-2023学年山西省吕梁市孝义中学高二（下）月考语文试卷一、现代文阅读（36分）1．（9分）阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。

孝文化是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，在中国传统宗法社会和家国一体的社会制度下，孝文化由家庭伦理、家族伦理扩大到社会伦理和国家伦理乃至整个文化精神体系和文化实践体系，成为人们非自觉的文化认同和社会集体心理意识。

在中国古代，“家”是传统社会的基本单位，孝文化最早是作为家庭伦理规范而存在的，主要调节的是亲子关系，具有归亲、继亲、养亲、敬亲、顺亲、谏亲、侍亲、葬亲、祭亲等丰富内涵，“孝”不仅维护了家庭关系中长幼、尊卑秩序，而且成为传统社会中最重要的家庭伦理观念，即传统家庭孝道。

传统家庭孝道是一个内容极其繁芜的庞杂体系，从历史视角来看，孝文化在家庭道德与行为规范方面既发挥了积极的作用，又产生了许多消极的影响，例如，传统孝道认为，身体发肤，受之父母，毁伤者不孝：不孝有三，无后为大。

这些思想在传统社会被演化为片面保全身体和一味追求传宗接代的硬性要求，甚至形成了男尊女卑的文化陋习。

正因如此，20世纪以来传统孝文化被视为封建糟粕，受到严厉批判，甚至彻底否定。

据此，一些学者反对将孝文化判定为优秀传统文化内容，认为它有太多的糟，是封建社会的旧道德和旧传统，违情悖理，愚弄百姓。

的确，孝文化在漫长的封建社会受到了较为严重的扭曲和异化，但是，撇开封建泡沫，肃清消极影响，传统孝文化仍不失为中华文化的瑰宝，如果从整体上否认孝文化，就好比把洗澡水与婴儿一起倒掉，也就丢弃了中华文化的宝贵精神财富，割裂了中华文化的重要文化基因。

传统家庭孝道并不是一种封闭的文化形态，而是一种具有开放性和扩展性的伦理道德规范。

具体来说，作为家庭伦理的孝道思想，从调节家庭、家族关系开始，向外推衍而成为社会伦理规范和国家政治规范，完成了从私德向公德的伦理转换，如果说作为私德之孝主要规范的是亲子伦理关系，那么上升为公德的孝，如对四海兄弟的本悌思想，对国家的孝忠思想、孝廉思想等等，主要规范和协调的使是社会伦理和政治伦理关系，对于协调人际关系、维护社会稳定与促进国家统一等发挥了重要作用。

山西省孝义市2019-2020学年高二语文3月阶段性考试试题不分版本山西省孝义市2019-2020学年高二语文3月阶段性考试试题说明：本次考试时间150分钟，总分值为150一、现代文阅读〔36分〕〔一〕论述类文本阅读〔此题共3小题，9分〕阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

所谓整体思维，是以普遍联系、相互制约的观点看待世界的思维方式。

整体思维方式将整个世界视为一个有机的整体，认为构成整个世界的一切事物是相互联系、相互制约的，并且每一个事物又是一个小的整体，除了它与其他事物之间具有相互联系、相互制约的关系之外，其内部也呈现出多种因素、多种部件的普遍联系。

西人所说的“关联思维〞、“关联宇宙论〞、“有机宇宙哲学〞或“有机主义宇宙观〞，今人所说的“系统思维〞，实际上就是“整体思维〞。

注重整体统一的整体思维，是中国传统思维方式最显著的特征之一。

整体思维从整体原那么出发，强调事物的相互联系和整体功能，探讨天与人、自然与人为、主体与客体、人与人、人与自我的相互关系，以求得天、地、人、我(心)的和谐统一，即注重“天人合一〞“天人和谐〞。

这种整体思维方式，在道家、儒家以及中华传统医学中表现得十分突出。

早在西周时期，“天人合一〞思想就已经萌生。

《周易》“推天道以明人事〞，“天人合一〞思想是《周易》整体思维观念立论的根本依据之一，其目的在于揭示人与天地、自然的相互关系，从而合理指导人之所作所为。

在《周易》看来，人与天地“同声相应，同气相求〞。

因此，人应当随顺天地之道而为。

如此，方可“先天而天弗违，后天而奉天时〞。

东周以来，道家的列子、庄子以及儒家的孔子、孟子、荀子、董仲舒、张载等不但合理继承了“天人合一〞思想，而且有所开展和创新。

道家认为，天、人同类而合一，“天地万物与我并生，类也〞，“天地与我并生，而万物与我为一〞。

董仲舒对天、人问题作了详细的论证和明确的表述，明确指出“以类合之，天人一也〞，即天人本来合一，故“天人之际，合而为一〞。

2010-2023历年山西省孝义三中高二上学期第三次月考历史卷第1卷一.参考题库(共18题)1.《史记秦始皇本记》载：秦始皇二十六年（前）下令“更名民曰黔首”。

秦始皇三十一年（前227）下令“使黔首自实田”黔首之称，在战国时已经广泛使用，含义与当时常见的“民”“庶”相同。

下列选项中同属于对百姓称呼的是①黎庶②苍生③优伶④氓A．①②④B．②③④C．①③④D．①②③④2.中国古代学术史上曾发生过一次著名的理学家辩论，甲方批评乙方做学问“支离”，乙方批评甲方做学问“太简”。

下列各项中，属于当时甲方代表人物主要观点的是A．格物致知B．发明本心C．知行合一D．万物皆只是一个天理3.1954年，美国一个城市管理自来水的专员发现，该市自来水耗费量在某些三分钟的时段内会奇怪地突然增加。

出现这种现象的原因可能是A．当时汽车开始在美国普及，这三分钟刚好是车主集中洗车的时间B．黑客通过互联网攻击自来水公司的电脑系统，导致数据显示错误C．第二次世界大战后美国企业管理水平普遍下降，统计数据计算错误D．当时电视开始在美国普及，这三分钟是广告时间，大家上厕所集中用水4.《史记》载:汉武帝时，“公孙弘以《春秋》白衣为天子三公，封以平津侯。

天下之学士靡然乡风矣”。

该材料主要表明A．汉武帝广泛吸纳人才B．平民将相大量涌现C．儒学在民间开始兴起D．儒学地位显著提高5.“视人之国,若视其国；视人之家,若视其家；视人之身,若视其身。

”这一主张属于A．儒家“仁爱”思想B．墨家“兼爱”思想C．儒家“礼治”思想D．墨家“非攻”思想6.京剧是我国国粹，它主要是由（）A．元杂剧发展而来的B．北京地方剧种演化而成的C．流行于北方的剧种融合而成的D．南方一些剧种传入北京后融合而成的7.北宋沈括在《梦溪笔谈》中记载：“若止印三二张，未为简易，若印数十百千本，则极为神速。

”当时，这一现象的出现主要得益于A．造纸技术的重大改进B．雕版印刷术得以推广C．胶泥活字印刷的诞生D．金属活字印刷的出现8.“……就是人类脱离自己所加之于其自身的不成熟状态”，“不成熟状态就是不被别人引导，就对运用自己的理智无能为力”，“要有勇气运用自己的理智!”以上省略的内容应是A．宗教改革B．文艺复兴C．启蒙D．空想社会主义9.英国学者罗素在论述一位古希腊哲学家时说，他的一个重要思想是乌托邦，“它是一长串的乌托邦中最早的一个”。

2024~2025学年第一学期高二年级期中学业诊断语文试卷（考试时间：上午8:00-10:00）说明：本试卷为闭卷笔答，答题时间120分钟，满分100分。

题号一一二三四得分注：将选择题的答案填到下面的答题栏内。

题号1235891013答案一、现代文阅读（20分）（一）现代文阅读I（本题共4小题，10分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~4题。

材料一：美丽乡村建设是乡村振兴的关键环节。

推进美丽乡村建设再上新台阶的举措，应当是兼顾经济、社会、民生、资源、环境等多维度的一揽子举措。

持续提升村容村貌，重点应在乡村文化内涵挖掘方面找到“突破口”。

我国地域广阔，乡土文化因地域不同各具特色，把精彩故事提炼出来，把文化特色呈现出来，对提升整个乡村的文化价值具有重要意义。

当前，国内很多闻名遐迩的美丽村庄，一个共同特点是有“乡土味”“文化味”，乡村文化、地域文化的内涵得到充分挖掘，同时也向乡村治理的其他方面有效赋能。

做好村容村貌的提升工作，除了在文化内涵阐释方面找准定位外，还要在乡村基础设施方面持续发力。

美丽乡村的建设，离不开乡村产业振兴。

乡村产业振兴能为推进美丽乡村建设提供扎实的物质基础。

当前，粗放式的乡村产业发展模式已经难以为继，要想真正发挥效力，给村民带来实实在在的收益，就要在精细化、规模化方面找突破点。

以农业特色产品生产加工和乡村旅游为例，粗加工方式已经很难获得市场，尤其是乡村农产品加工，真正提升产品竞争力，除了依靠产品本身品质外，还要站在推进农村一、二、三产业相结合的高度，在销售、品牌设计等方面着力，提升产品附加值，增强乡村产业的可持续发展能力。

在乡村旅游市场建设方面，打造精品民宿已经成为盈利性较强的新模式，关键是如何把乡村的文化休闲潜力挖掘出来，在做好品牌建设的过程中吸引更多游客，繁荣活跃乡村旅游市场。

（摘编自魏琪嘉《推动美丽乡村建设再上新台阶》）材料二：在历史的积淀下，我国许多乡村创造了各具特色的非物质文化遗产，它们是世代传承的文化精华，也是乡村振兴的宝贵资源。