全国中学生英语能力竞赛(NEPCS)初二组样题

全国中学生2012年八年级英语组能力竞赛（NEPCS）样题人教新目标版（时间：120分钟；总分：150分）听力部分（共四大题，计30分）（略）笔试部分（共八大题，计120分）I．单项选择（Multiple-choice）：（共20小题，计20分）1．The news _________ for my brother． BA．are B．is C．were D．be2．“Handed”in“He handed the coat to his wife．”means _________ ． C A．dressed B．found C．passed D．threw3．—Would you like some more coffee？ C—I'm full．_________A．You，please．B．Yes，please．C．Thanks all the same．D．Don't trouble me．4．We can't see _________ moon in _________ daytime．CA．the；a B．the；theC．the；／ D．a；the5．Most English people's family name comes_________ ．DA．first B．middleC．together D．last6．It will be bad for your health to eat _________ food and take _________ exercise． B A．fewer；more B．more；lessC．little；much D．less；more7．—Who's the woman in the blue car？—She is _________ mother． BA．Tom's and Lily's B．Tom and Lily'sC．Tom and Lily D．of Tom and Lily8．—_________ I go out to play now，Mum？—No，you _________ finish your homework first． DA．Must；needn't B．Can；mayC．May；must D．May；mustn't9．There are shops on _________ sides of the street．_________ of them do not close until 1 o'clock at night． AA．both；All B．every；NoneC．each；Some D．other；Many10．Look！Here are your shoes．You must _________ ．BA．put it away B．put them awayC．put away them D．put away it11．—What's this in English？—Sorry．I don't know how to _________ it． AA．say B．tell C．talk D．speak12．Here is a letter _________ Linda _________ her friend in America． CA．to；to B．on；forC．to；from D．for；at13．Did the teacher say _________ in the last lesson？BA．something interestingB．anything interestingC．interesting somethingD．interesting anything14．—Your watch is very nice． A—_________ ．A．Thanks B．Don't say soC．That's good D．No，it's not nice15．Jo often goes bananas．Don't stay with her．Here“go bananas”means _________ ． AA．发疯 B．去摘香蕉C．碰钉子 D．品头论足16．We'd better _________ so early． BA．not to go out B．to go outC．not go out D．go out not17．It is _________ useful book． AA．quite B．a quiteC．quite an D．an quite18．—I'll be away on a business trip．Do you mind（介意）looking after my cat？D—Not at all．_________A．I've no time．B．I'd rather not．C．I'd like it．D．I'd be happy to．19．—_________ does your brother go back home？ D—Four times a month．A．How long B．How muchC．How soon D．How often20．—I don't like chicken _________ fish．I like beef．—I don't like chicken，_________ I like fish very much．BA．and；and B．and；butC．or；and D．or；but补充回答：II．阅读理解（Reading comprehension）：（共30小题，计30分）阅读下列短文或图表等，按要求完成文后各题。

初二nepcs试题及答案初二NEPCS（全国中学生英语能力竞赛）试题及答案【听力部分】一、听句子，选择正确的图片。

（每题1分，共5分）1. A. 一个男孩在打篮球。

B. 一个女孩在画画。

答案：A2. A. 一家人在公园野餐。

B. 一群学生在图书馆学习。

答案：B3. A. 一位老师正在上课。

B. 一位医生在看病。

答案：A4. A. 两个朋友在讨论问题。

B. 两个学生在玩电脑游戏。

答案：B5. A. 一位老人在浇花。

B. 一位孩子在骑自行车。

答案：A二、听对话，回答下列问题。

（每题1分，共5分）6. 问：What is Tom's hobby?答：Tom's hobby is playing the guitar.答案：playing the guitar7. 问：What time does the library open?答：The library opens at 9:00 am.答案：9:00 am8. 问：How does Mary go to school?答：Mary goes to school by bus.答案：by bus9. 问：What is the weather like today?答：It is sunny and warm today.答案：sunny and warm10. 问：What is the date today?答：Today is June 15th.答案：June 15th【阅读部分】三、阅读理解。

（每题2分，共10分）A阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

Tom and Jerry are good friends. They both like playing football. Every weekend, they play football in the park. Tom is tall and strong, so he is good at shooting. Jerry is short but quick, so he is good at passing. They always have fun together.11. Who are Tom and Jerry?答案：They are good friends.12. What do they like to do?答案：They like playing football.13. When do they play football?答案：Every weekend.14. What is Tom good at?答案：He is good at shooting.15. What is Jerry good at?答案：He is good at passing.B阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

2005年全国中学生英语能力竞赛(NEPCS>初二年级组样题全国中学生英语能力竞赛组委会办公室提供<时间：120分钟总分：150分）听力部分<共四大题，计30分）<略）笔试部分<共七大题，计120分）I. 选择填空 (Vocabulary and structure> (共20小题,计20分>A> 选出与下列各句划线部分意思相同或相近的最佳答案。

1. They don't have any lessons on weekends.A. classesB. booksC. exercisesD. homework2. — What time is it?—It's eleven thirty.—Oh!It's time to have lunch.A. atB. onC. forD. of3. We enjoyed ourselves at the picnic.A. played ourselvesB. drank happilyC. had a good timeD. loved the meal4.—What are they doing now?—I've no idea.A. I don't think soB. I'm sorryC. Doing nothingD. I don't know5. There are many oranges in the basket.A. moreB. a lot ofC. a littleD. a lotB> 选出下列各题的最佳答案。

6. His eyes look like his _________.A. brother'sB. motherC. sistersD. fathers7. God! Look at your shoes, Tim!You must_________.A. put it awayB. put them awayC. put away themD. put away it8. I'm sorry. I'm late again because I _________ catch the early bus.A. don'tB. didn'tC. won'tD. shan't9. Thank you very much _________ me _________ your party.A. to asking。

2006 年全国中学生英语能力比赛(NEPCS> 决赛初二年级组试卷<总分： 150 分答题时间：120分钟）听力部分 <共四大题，计30 分）I.听辨单词 (Words> < 共 5 小题，计 5 分）听句子，选出句子中出现的单词。

每个句子只读一遍。

<答案涂在答题纸上）1.A. taught B. bought C. thought D. brought2.A. sleeping B. skiing C. swimming D. skating3.A. older B. warmer C. cooler D. colder4.A. headache B. toothache C. backache D. stomachache5.A. excuse B. exercise C. exam D. exampleII.句子理解 (Sentences><共 5小题，计 5 分）听句子，选择与所听句子意思同样或最邻近的选项。

每个句子只读一遍。

<答案涂在答题纸上）6.A. Jerry paid twenty dollars for a meal just now.B.That book cost Jerry twenty dollars just now.C.It took Jerry twenty minutes to walk home.D.Jerry spent much time playing computer games.7.A. The radio says today is as hot as yesterday.B. The man likes drinking hot water every day.C. It was hot yesterday, but it is much hotter today.D. It is hot today, but yesterday was even hotter.8.A. Some of the workers in that city don't go to work by bus.B.In that city, some of the workers don't go home by train.C.None of the workers in that city go to work by bus.D.All the workers in that city go to work by bus.9.A. On Saturday morning, Nick often goes to bed late.B.On Sunday morning, Nick often gets up late.C.Nick likes to watch TV on Saturday morning.D.Nick has to do his homework on Sunday evening.10.A. Larry ate a hamburger and some chicken for breakfast.B.Sandwiches and hamburgers are Larry's favourite food.C.At first, Larry wanted a hamburger, but not French fries.rry asked for a hamburger and French fries.III.对话理解 (Dialogues> < 共 10 小题，计 10 分）A> 听五组小对话和对话后的问题，选择描绘正确的图片回答以下问题。

2005年全国中学生英语能力竞赛(NEPCS)初二年级组样题全国中学生英语能力竞赛组委会办公室提供（时间：120分钟总分：150分）听力部分（共四大题，计30分）（略）笔试部分（共七大题，计120分）I. 选择填空 (Vocabulary and structure) (共20小题,计20分)A) 选出与下列各句划线部分意思相同或相近的最佳答案。

1. They don't have any lessons on weekends.A. classesB. booksC. exercisesD. homework2. — What time is it?—It's eleven thirty.—Oh!It's time to have lunch.A. atB. onC. forD. of3. We enjoyed ourselves at the picnic.A. played ourselvesB. drank happilyC. had a good timeD. loved the meal4. —What are they doing now?—I've no idea.A. I don't think soB. I'm sorryC. Doing nothingD. I don't know5. There are many oranges in the basket.A. moreB. a lot ofC. a littleD. a lotB) 选出下列各题的最佳答案。

6. His eyes look like his _________.A. brother'sB. motherC. sistersD. fathers7. God! Look at your shoes, Tim!You must_________.A. put it awayB. put them awayC. put away themD. put away it8. I'm sorry. I'm late again because I _________ catch the early bus.A. don'tB. didn'tC. won'tD. shan't9. Thank you very much _________ me _________ your party.A. to asking; toB. to ask; ofC. for asking; toD. for ask; of10. You'd better keep the windows _________. It's so hot here.A. openB. openingC. opensD. opened11. You _________better _________ in the river. It's too dangerous.A. have; to swimB. had; swimC. have; not swimmingD. had; not swim12. Han Meimei picked _________ apples in her class.A. manyB. muchC. moreD. the most13. _________ a small red bird. _________ name is Lily.A. Here are; HerB. This is; He'sC. That is; ItsD. There is; It's14. Uncle Smith is _________ than all the other workers in the factory because he is_________ of all.A. busier; tallestB. busier; the strongestC. heavier; the tallerD. tall; the heaviest15. —Can you answer this question?—Sorry, I can _________ understand its meaning.A. almostB. quiteC. hardlyD. nearlyC) 情景会话。

年全国中学生英语能力竞赛(NEPCS)初赛初二年级组试题（总分：150分答题时间：120分钟）I. 听辨单词 (Words)（共5小题，计5分）听句子，选出句子中出现的单词。

（每个句子只读一遍）（答案涂在答题纸上）1. A. already B. ready C. study D. sorry2. A. fishing B. washing C. finishing D. shipping3. A. closing B. going C. laughing D. moving4. A. November B. cucumber C. remember D. reminder5. A. prison B. pleasant C. parent D. presentII. 句子理解 (Sentences) （共5小题，计5分）听句子，选出其最佳的应答句。

（每个句子只读一遍）（答案涂在答题纸上）6. A. OK, I will. B. What's water?C. Where is it?D. How much is the cup?7. A. Be careful! B. London is very nice.C. Thank you, dear.D. Not at all.8. A. Yesterday. B. I'm not sure. C. No, he won't. D. Uncle John.9. A. Over there. B. They are players. C. Three times. D. Eleven.10. A. Eighteen years. B. She is a singer.C. At the age of twenty.D. In the future.III. 对话理解(Dialogues) （共10小题，计10分）A) 听对话，选择与对话内容最相关的一幅图画。

20KK年全国中学生英语能力竞赛（NEPCS）初赛初二年级组试题（总分：150分答题时间120分钟）听力部分（共四大题，计30分）略笔试部分（共九大题，计120分）1.Multiple-choice(选词填空）（共15小题；每小题1分，计15分）A）BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethe answersthatthecompletesthesentence(从A，B，C，D四个选项中选出可以填入空白出的最佳选项）31.IusuallPgetup_______11o’clock________SundaPs.A.in;atB.at;onC.bP;forD.at;from32.Ourflightistalking_______soon.Let’s runandcheck______.A.on;inB.on;outC.off;inD.off;out33.______shetoldPouwasalie.______wastrue.A.Something;EverPthingB.Nothing;Something;C.EverPthing;NothingD.Nothing;AnPthing34.-CafesinLondonare_______thancafesinParis.-No!CafesinLondonaremuch______.A.better;worseB.thesame;betterC.muchgood;badD.better;best35.-______doPougettowork?-IusuallPtakethesubwaP.A.HowoftenB,WhereC.WhenD.How36.It’s socoldtodaP.Let’s takeataPi_______?A.areweB.doweC.haveweD.shallwe37.To______surprise,mPparentsbought_______anewtelevision.A.our;oursB.mP;usC.mine;meD.me;ours38.Thereare_______buildingsinthiscitP.Butthere aren’t______parksforchildren.A.toomanP;enoughB.toomanP;lessC.toomuch;moreD.verPmuch;anP39.-MaPIputmPluggagehere?-No,Pou______.Poushouldputitupontheshelf.A.wouldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.won’t40.Don’t forget_______Ronthedeparturetimeorhe________notbeabletocatchthetrain.A.telling;willB.telling;canC.totell;shouldD.totellmaP41.-I’m sorrP I’m late.The weather’s toobadtodaP.-_______.Comeinandsitdown.We’re atPage25.A.PouarewelcomeB.It’s ashameC.Don’t worrPD.PouareluckPB）Beneatheachofthefollowingdialogues,therearefourchoices,markedA,B,CandD.Chooset heanswerthatthebestcompletesthedialogue(从A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项）42.-It’s verPhothere.CanIopenthewindow?-_______?-Thewindow,canIopenit?-Pes,________.A.Howcome;PoupleaseB.Pardon;ofcoursetC.WhPis;itisD.What;herePouare43.-Goodmorning.DiPonsElectrical.HowcanIhelpPou?-Goodmorning.______?-I’m afraidMr.Smith isn’t inhisofficeatthemoment.-_______?-Thanks.I’ll calllater.A.CanIspeaktothemanagerplease;CanItakeamassageB.HavePougotmPinvitationplease;CanIhaveamassageC.CanIhavehislastnameplease;CanIleaveamassageD.ArePouMr.Smithplease;CanIbringamassage44.-Hi!Cici.WhatclubarePouin?-_______.-_________?-Onceaweek.A.Igottwoticketsfortheclub;WhendidPoumeetB.IamintheMovieClub;HowoftendoesPourclubmeetC.Iliketakingpictures;HowdoPoulikePourmembersD.Iwanttobeasinger;HowmanPtimesdoPoupractice45.-WhatwillPoudothisweekend,MarP?-I’ll gotothebookstore,_______?-I’m goingtovisitanold people’s homewithmPfriends.-Sonice!______?-SurePoucan.A.WhPnotcometogether;CanIhelpPouB.DoPouwantsome;wouldPouliketocomeC.WhatdidPousaP;DoPoulikethemD.HowaboutPou;CanIgowithPou2.Readingcomprehension(阅读理解）（共20小题；选择题10小题，每小题1分，非选择题10小题，每小题2分，计30分）A）ReadthefollowingpassagewhichisthefollowedbPfivequestions.Foreachofthemthereare fourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtothepassage(阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容从每题所给的A，B，C，D四个选项中选出回答所题问题的最佳选项）TRUROHIGHSCHOOLGeneralInformationandFeesTheMiddleSchoolconsistsofthefollowingforms:Thirdform(age11-12),Forthform(age12-13),Lowerform(age13-14),MiddleFifth(age14-15),and UpperFifth(age15-16).1.Fees(£1,460-£1,600)arepaidbPparentsbPthefirstdaPofeachterm.2.Allgirlswearschooluniformwhichisatartanskirt,awhiteblouse,abrownsweaterandbro wnshoes.3.At14,girlschooseeighttotensubjectsfortheGCSEePam.ThesemustincludeEnglish,Math ematics,aScience,andamodernlanguage.4.Girlscantakeoptionalsubjects:piano,violinguitar,orsinginglessonsaswellasridinglessonsforanePtrafee.5.Girlsareencouragedtojoinoneoftheschoolclubsorsocieties.6.StudentsmaPnotbeabsentfromschool,withoutspecialpermission.46.HowmanPformsarethereinTRUROHighschool?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.SiP.47.WhowillpaPforthestudentsofTRUROHighSchool?A.Theschool.B.Thegovernment.C.Thepeople.D.Theparents.48.Whatdostudentshavetowearatschool?A.Schoolhats.B.Schooluniform.C.Schoolboots.D.Alltheabove.49.WhichsubjectsmustthePtakeforGCSE（英国普通初中考试）？A.Englishandmodernlanguage.B.Mathematicsandriding.C.AScience,singingandviolin.D.Alloftheabove.50.ThestudentsmaPbeabsentfromschool______.B.withanePtrafeeC.whenthePjointheschoolclubD.withspecialpermissionB)ThefollowingthreepassagesarefollowedbPseveralquestions.Respondtothe（阅读下列三篇短文，然后按短文后的要求完成所给出的题目）AEverPAmericanstudentlikespopularmusic.StudentscarrPsmallradioswithearphonesandl istentomusicbeforeclass,andatlunchStudentswithcarsbuPlargespeakersandplaPmusicl oudlPasthePdriveonthestreet. AdultdriverslistentomusiconthecarradiowhenthePdrivetowork.ThePalsolistentothene wsaboutsports,theweather,andtheinformationaboutAmericans.Mostoftheradioprogramm esaremusic.PoporpopularmusicsingersmakemuchmoneP.ThePmakeaCDortapewhichradiostationsuseinm anPplaces.OncethepopularsingerisheardalloverthecountrP,PoungpeoplebuPhisorherta pe.SomeofthemonePfromthesetapescomestothesinger.Whereverthesingergoes,allthePou ngpeoplewanttomeethimorher.Thenthesingerhasbecomeanationalstar. ThereareotherkindsofmusicthatareimportanttoAmericans.Oneiscalledfolkmusic.Ittel lsstoriesaboutthecommonlifeofAmericans.AntheriscalledwesternorcountrPmusic.This wasstartedbPcowboPswhowouldsingatnighttothecowsthePwerewatching.TodaP,anPmusica boutcountrPlifeandthelovebetweenacountrPboPandhisgirliscalledwesternorcountrPmu sic.Questions51-55:Judgethefollowingsentencestrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.（根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正误。

2023年全国中学生英语能力竞赛初二年级组试题（总分：120分答题时间：100分钟）笔试部分（共八大题，计120分）Ⅰ.Multiple-choice(选择填空)（共15小题；每小题1分，计15分）Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.(从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

)31.-What did you do on Sunday?-I did my homework _______ day.A.all aB.the wholeC.the allD.whole32.It is a school with a _______ history.A.30 year'sB.30 yearsC.30-yearsD.30-year33.We have _______ rain this year,so the trees and grass don't grow well.A.littleB.a littleC.fewD.a few34.My piano lesson will be _______ 4:00 pm _______8:00 pm.A.at; andB.from; toC.from; andD.at; to35.He studied English and Japanese,but he had no interest in _______ subject.A.bothB.noneC.allD.either36.-I have a terrible stomachache.-You _______ go to the hospital at once.Nothing can make you feel better.A.maybeB.perhapsC.have toD.could37.My father _______ reading newspapers in the morning.A.wantsB.likes toC.loves toD.enjoys38._______ call me Mimi! It's my cat's name.A.NotB.Don'tC.Doesn'tD.Didn't39.-______you wash your clothes?-No.But I _______ tommorrow.A.Do; doB.Did; washC.Did; willD.Are; will wash40.The underlined phrase(划线短语)in "He drank lots of water that day." can be replaced(被代替) by _______.A.muchB.manyC.a lotD.more41.There is _______with my computer.It doesn't work.A.wrong nothingB.wrong somethingC.something wrongD.nothing wrong42.They could not go camping_______the heavy rain.A.because ofB.becauseC.asD.for43.The girl is going to do_______.A.what does she want to doB.she wants to doC.she wants to do whatD.what she wants to44.-What not visit the museum?-_______A.Yes,we do.B.Good idea! Let's go.C.No,there isn't?D.It's behind the school.45.-_______-I think it's boring.-What about you?A.Do you like the coat?B.What do you think of the film?C.I don't think it's boring.D.I will go to the cinema.Ⅱ.Reading comprehension(阅读理解)（共20小题；选题题5小题，每小题1分；非选择题15小题，每小题2分，计35分）A)Read the following passage which is followed by five questions.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the on that fits best according to the passage.(阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完毕所给句子的最佳选项。

全国中学生英语能力竞赛(NEPCS)决赛初二年级组试题(总分:150分答题时间:120分钟)听力部分(共四大题,计30分)I. 听辨单词(Words) (共5小题,计5分)听句子,选出句子中出现的单词。

每个句子只读一遍。

(答案涂在答题纸上)1. A. question B. visiting C. inventing D. invitation2. A. excellent B. exercise C. accident D. advice3. A. inside B. record C. closed D. replied4. A. during B. bring C. dealing D. holding5. A. brought B. without C. thought D. exceptII. 句子理解(Sentences) (共5小题,计5分)听句子,选择与所听句子意思相同或最相近的选项。

每个句子只读一遍。

(答案涂在答题纸上)6. A. She is dreaming and she is a famous woman.B. She is not famous and she doesn’t want to be famous either.C. Her dream is to be famous one day.D. She never dreams about being a famous person.7. A. She agrees on December 1st.B. She is the first to meet me.C. I will meet her on the first day of December.D. I agree to meet her first.8. A. She felt she was eating something. B. She didn’t want to eat anything.C. She felt she liked eating.D. She didn’t like to feel anything.9. A. Today and yesterday are warm. B. Yesterday was warmer than today.C. It will be warmer tomorrow.D. Today is warmer, but yesterday was much colder.10. A. You have to finish that work in time.B. You will finish that work in time.C. You will have that work in time.D. You finished that work in time.III. 对话理解(Dialogues) (共10小题,计10分)A) 听五组对话和对话后的问题,选择最佳选项回答问题。

I.单项选择(Multiple choice test)(共20小题，计20分)A)从各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个与划线部分意思相同或相近的选项。

(答案涂在答题纸上)1.The students are going to have fun learning and speaking English this term.A.have a lotB.be interestingC.enjoy themselvesD.study hard2.Mr and Mrs West flew to New York with their daughter and they lost their lives on September 11th.A.reached New York by trainB.got to New York by shipC.went to New York by airD.arrived in New York by taxi3.My full name is James Allan Green.Green is my family name.A.first nameB.middle nameC.given namest name4.I'm sorry，I can't help you.I'm just a small potato.A.初来者B.小人物C.小笨蛋D.小土豆5.Paul often goes bananas.Don't stay with him.A.发疯B.去摘香蕉C.碰钉子D.品头论足B)选出下列各题的最佳答案。

(答案涂在答题纸上)6.It's a long______to Moscow;it's about five thousand kilometres.A.streetB.footC.wayD.end7.Let's go to the classroom to hear what Tina is______the little boy.A.tellingB.talkingC.speakingD.saying8.There is______“a”in the word“age” and “e” is the last letter of______word.A.a;theB.an;aC.the;theD.an;the9.The______on the hill are theirs.They feed______very well.A.sheeps;theirsB.sheep;themC.sheeps;theirD.sheep;they10.It is a sunny day today.Look at the______sun.It's shining______now.A.most brightly;brightB.brightly;brighterC.more brightly;still brighterD.bright;brightly11.Does anybody know there's a beautiful city______Tonghua in the northeast of China?dB.callsC.to ringD.phone12.The exam is much too difficult,______there is no problem for them to do.A.butB.soC.andD.for13.—There______many different kinds of mooncakes.They were small round cakes with meat,eggs,nuts or something sweet inside.—Oh,so that was______they sold at the store.A.will be;whyB.was;howC.were;whatD.are;where14.In this country,it is very______in November,but it is much______in December.A.coldest;coldB.colder;colderC.cold;colderD.colder;coldest15.Max,a five-year-old boy,had______accident______days ago.A.a bit;a littleB.a little;a fewC.a few;a lotD.a lot;a bit16.Don't read______the sun.It's bad______your eyes.A.near;atB.with;toC.in;forD.below;of17.—______you finish your composition in time?—I am afraid______.A.Can;notB.May;mustn'tC.Must;needn'tD.Can;can't18.When your friend wants to say good bye to you at the gate of your house after the evening party,he should say,“______.”A.See you tomorrowB.Stay where you areC.Don't come this wayD.Good evening19.—______?—This is Thomas speaking.A.Who speaksB.Who's that speakingC.What are you speakingD.Who's going to speak20.—Good morning,John.Lovely weather,isn't it?—A.Yes,you are fine.B.But I don't know it's here.C.Not very much,I think.D.Yes,isn't it?II.阅读理解(Reading comprehension)(共30小题，计30分)阅读下列短文或图表等，按要求完成文后各题。