第八章_ArcGIS中的矢量分析
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Exercise 2: Working with Vector Data in ArcGIS 9.3Step1: Start ArcMap with a new project. Add the following data layers located in c:\REM402\idaho_utmData Layer Description Source Scale Boundary Idaho boundary Inside IdahoCounty Counties of Idaho Inside Idaho Road_100 Highways, roads and trails USGS 1:100,000 Stream_100 Streams USGS 1:100,000 idstwrd_utm Idaho ownership GAP data 1:100,000We will use this base data to create a GIS dataset for the Craig Mountain WildlifeManagement Area located south of Lewiston, Idaho north of the confluence of the Snake and Salmon River.Step 2: Add the Craig Mountain boundary to ArcMap. The boundary is a shape file located in the folder c:\REM402\Craig and named craig_bnd.shpClipCLIP operation: Clip one layer based on another. The CLIP operation works like acookie-cutter. In this exercise we will clip streams, roads and ownership to the boundary of Craig Mountain.Step 5: Use the Clip function to clip out streams (stream_100) and then ownership (idstwrd_utm) using the Craig Mountain boundary as the clip-layer.After you have created the subset layers of roads, streams and ownership you can remove the statewide layers from the project by right-clicking on the layer and select remove. This removes the layer from the map project, however the data file still resides in c:\REM402\Idaho_utm on your computer.Remember to save your work periodically!Xtools extensionXtools is a ‘third party’ extension (not created by ESRI) that can be downloaded at no cost from ESRI(/). Xtools is already on the GIS lab computers. Search on Xtools.After the search is done, select to download Xtools Pro 3.0.The downloaded file is compressed (zip) and must be uncompressed using the WinZip software. You can download WinZip for free from (search on WinZip) if you don’t have this software on your computer.Install the Xtools Pro 3.0 software on your computer.Create a summary table in ArcMapStep 6: Open the theme table for the ownership layer for the Craig Mountain ownership layer. Make sure the area has been updated according to above instructions. The attribute OWNERNAME designates the land-managing entity (BLM, Forest Service, Private etc.) for each one of the over 200 polygons in the table. In the next step you will create a summary table that summarizes the area for each owner category.IntersectThe INTERSECT operation is an overlay analysis between two vector data layers that creates an output data layer that contains the spatial and attribute information from both the input layers.For example, if we intersect the Craig Mountain ownership layer with the Idaho counties we create a layer that contains both the information about ownership and what county each polygon belongs to.Step 8: Use the ArcToolbox Analysis Tools to intersect the Craig Mountain ownership layer with the Idaho counties. Select Analysis Tools – Overlay – Intersect in ArcToolbox.Step 10: Notice how the arcs from the county layer have been incorporated into the ownership layer. The polygons along the county boundary have been split in two – one that resides in Lewis County and one that resides in Nez Perce County.The attribute table for the resulting theme contains information about both ownership and what county each polygon resides in.Proximity AnalysisIn natural resource applications proximity analysis (buffering) is often used to estimate area of riparian zone and habitat along streams. Roads, shorelines and legal boundaries are other features commonly buffered.Point locations can also be buffered. In analyses of wildlife habitat it is often of interest to determine what habitats are within a certain distance of animal observation locations such as nests, foraging areas, etc.In the following exercise you will buffer the streams on Craig Mountain and calculate how much area is within 30 m of a stream.Step 12: Select Analysis Tools – Proximity – Buffer in ArcToolbox. Buffer the streams on Craig Mountain with a 30 m buffer (make sure to buffer the streams on Craig Mountain rather than all of the streams in Idaho!!).Step 13: Use Xtools to update the area for the stream buffer. How much area on Craig Mountain is within 30 m of a stream?Save the project. You will be using this project in the next lesson!Deliverables Lesson 21. A map displaying the land owner categories on Craig Mountain. Also include roads and streams on the map. Include a legible legend, scalebar, northarrow etc.2. The summary table of area in different land ownership created as part of this lab.3. An estimate for how much area is within 30 meters of a stream on Craig Mountain. Please compile all deliverables in ONE document before submitting in Blackboard!。
ArcGIS矢量数据处理指南北京捷泰科技有限公司2012年3月标题北京捷泰科技有限公司 |ArcGIS 矢量数据处理指南版权声明本文档版权为北京捷泰科技有限公司所有。
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北京捷泰科技有限公司 |ArcGIS 矢量数据处理指南目 录1概述 ......................................................................................................................................- 1 - 2 总体流程 ..............................................................................................................................- 1 -2.1电子地图制作与发布流程 ......................................................................................... - 1 - 2.2电子地图数据处理流程 ............................................................................................. - 1 - 3 数据处理 ..............................................................................................................................- 2 -3.1数据要求 ..................................................................................................................... - 2 - 3.2数据获取 ..................................................................................................................... - 3 - 3.3格式转换 ..................................................................................................................... - 3 - 3.3.1转换工具集 ...........................................................................................................- 3 - 3.3.2数据互操作扩展模块 ...........................................................................................- 3 - 3.4数据整合 ..................................................................................................................... - 4 - 3.4.1数据提取 ...............................................................................................................- 5 - 3.4.2数据裁切 ...............................................................................................................- 6 - 3.4.3数据拼接 ...............................................................................................................- 7 - 3.5数据组织重构 ........................................................................................................... - 13 - 3.6分类代码转换 ........................................................................................................... - 14 - 3.7兴趣点数据处理 ....................................................................................................... - 14 - 3.7.1兴趣点数据的应用场景 .................................................................................... - 14 - 3.7.2ArcGIS 中常用的点抽稀方法 ............................................................................ - 15 - 3.7.3兴趣点数据抽稀实例 ........................................................................................ - 18 - 3.8坐标投影变换 ........................................................................................................... - 20 - 3.8.1动态投影 ............................................................................................................ - 20 - 3.8.2 投影变换 ............................................................................................................ - 21 - 4 数据质量控制 ................................................................................................................... - 23 -4.1几何检查与修复 ....................................................................................................... - 24 - 4.2 逻辑关系检查 ........................................................................................................... - 26 -北京捷泰科技有限公司 |ArcGIS 矢量数据处理指南4.3重复数据的处理 ....................................................................................................... - 27 - 4.4拓扑检查 ................................................................................................................... - 29 - 4.5 属性检查 ................................................................................................................... - 32 - 附录 ........................................................................................................................................... - 35 -附录1 1:10000成果数据命名规范 ..................................................................................... - 35 - 附录2 1:10000成果数据分层 ............................................................................................. - 35 - 附录3 1:10000成果数据属性结构 ..................................................................................... - 36 -北京捷泰科技有限公司 | ArcGIS 矢量数据处理指南- 1 -概述1 概述空间数据是GIS 的一个重要组成部分,整个GIS 都是围绕空间数据的采集、加工、存储、分析和表现展开的。
练习 31.利用影像配准(Georeferncing) 工具进行影像数据的地理配准2.编辑器的使用(点要素、线要素、多边形要素的数字化)注意:在基于ArcMap 的操作过程中请注意保存地图文档第1步地形图的配准-加载数据和影像配准工具 (1)第2步输入控制点 (2)第3步设定数据框的属性 (4)第4步矫正并重采样栅格生成新的栅格文件 (7)第5 步分层矢量化-在ArcCatlog中创建一个线要素图层 (8)第6步从已配准的地图上提出等高线并保存到上面创建的要素类中 (13)根据GPS观测点数据配准影像并矢量化的步骤 (14)特别说明:学有余力的同学可以尝试使用ArcScan进行矢量化的练习。
参考文档using_ArcScan_for_ArcGIS,练习数据在c:\arcgis\arctutor\arcscan\ArcScanTrace.mxd第1步地形图的配准-加载数据和影像配准工具数据:昆明市西山区普吉地形图 1:10000 地形图――70011-1.tif所有图件扫描后都必须经过扫描配准,对扫描后的栅格图进行检查,以确保矢量化工作顺利进行。
z打开ArcMap,添加“影像配准”工具栏。
z把需要进行配准的影像—70011-1.TIF增加到ArcMap中,会发现“影像配准”工具栏中的工具被激活。
V1:2006.10;V2:2008.4。
1第2步输入控制点在配准中我们需要知道一些特殊点的坐标。
通过读图,我们可以得到一些控制点――公里网格的交点,我们可以从图中均匀的取几个点。
一般在实际中,这些点应该能够均匀分布。
z在”影像配准”工具栏上,点击“添加控制点”按钮。
z使用该工具在扫描图上精确到找一个控制点点击,然后鼠标右击输入该点实际的坐标位置,如下图所示:V1:2006.10;V2:2008.4。
2z用相同的方法,在影像上增加多个控制点(大于7个),输入它们的实际坐标。
点击“影像配准”工具栏上的“查看链接表”按钮。
空间分析ARCGIS中的矢量数据的空间分析空间分析是GIS系统中最重要的一部分之一。
空间分析通过处理和分析矢量数据中的地理位置,可以帮助用户更好地理解和处理地球表面的空间问题。
ARCGIS是一款著名的GIS软件,其集成了强大的空间分析功能,可以方便地进行矢量数据的空间分析。
空间分析的意义空间分析可以帮助GIS用户更好地理解空间数据的结构和关系。
通过空间分析,我们可以:•可视化数据:通过制作地图可以直观地表达数据在地球上的空间位置关系。
•空间查询:通过查询地图上的要素可以挖掘出数据之间的空间关系。
•空间统计:通过分析数据之间的空间关系,可以生成统计数据并进行更进一步的研究。
ARCGIS中的矢量数据矢量数据是GIS中最常用的一类数据类型,是通过在地图上绘制点、线、面等几何图形来表示地理数据的。
ARCGIS支持常见的矢量数据格式,如shapefile、GDB、SDE、Coverage等。
矢量数据的空间分析ARCGIS支持各种形式的矢量数据的空间分析,包括:1.空间查询:ARCGIS通过自带的属性表和查询工具,可以方便地对矢量数据进行查询。
用户可以使用查询工具查询特定的属性,也可以使用空间查询工具查询矢量数据中与某个要素邻近或相交的要素。
2.空间叠加:空间叠加是将两个或多个矢量数据集合并成为一个新的矢量数据集的过程。
ARCGIS中常用的空间叠加工具有Union、Intersect、Identity、Erase等。
3.空间分析:ARCGIS中的空间分析工具可以通过空间分析来挖掘矢量数据之间的空间关系。
常用的空间分析工具有缓冲区分析、裁剪、合并、分割等。
空间分析工具的使用过程中常见的一些问题包括:1.坐标系的问题:要确保使用的地图和要素在同一坐标系下,否则可能导致分析结果异常。
2.精度要求的问题:ARCGIS中的空间分析工具需要在数据间设定空间容差值。
对待空间分析结果的精度和精细度有一定要求的应当谨慎考虑容差的设定。
ArcGIS矢量数据处理指南ArcGIS矢量数据处理指南北京捷泰科技有限公司2012年3月标题北京捷泰科技有限公司 |ArcGIS 矢量数据处理指南版权声明本文档版权为北京捷泰科技有限公司所有。
未经北京捷泰科技有限公司书面许可,任何单位和个人不得以任何形式摘抄、复制本文档的部分或全部,并以任何形式传播,或以任何电子或文本方式翻印、转载本书的任何部分。
如有疑问,请与北京捷泰科技有限公司联系:北京市东城区东直门南大街甲3号居然大厦19层。
北京捷泰科技有限公司 |ArcGIS 矢量数据处理指南目录1 概述 .......................................................................................................................... ............- 1 - 2总体流程 .......................................................................................................................... ....- 1 - 2.1 电子地图制作与发布流程 ......................................................................................... - 1 - 2.2 电子地图数据处理流程 ............................................................................................. - 1 -3数据处理 .......................................................................................................................... ....- 2 - 3.1 数据要求 ..................................................................................................................... -2 - 3.2 数据获取 ..................................................................................................................... -3 - 3.3 格式转换 ..................................................................................................................... - 3 -3.3.1 转换工具集...........................................................................................................- 3 - 3.3.2 数据互操作扩展模块 ...........................................................................................- 3 - 3.4 数据整合 ..................................................................................................................... - 4 -3.4.1 数据提取 ...............................................................................................................- 5 - 3.4.2 数据裁切 ...............................................................................................................- 6 - 3.4.3 数据拼接 ...............................................................................................................- 7 - 3.5 数据组织重构 ........................................................................................................... - 13 - 3.6 分类代码转换 ........................................................................................................... - 14 - 3.7 兴趣点数据处理 ....................................................................................................... - 14 -3.7.1 兴趣点数据的应用场景 .................................................................................... - 14 - 3.7.2 ArcGIS 中常用的点抽稀方法 ............................................................................ - 15 - 3.7.3 兴趣点数据抽稀实例 ........................................................................................ - 18 - 3.8 坐标投影变换........................................................................................................... - 20 -3.8.1 动态投影 ............................................................................................................ - 20 - 3.8.2投影变换 ............................................................................................................ - 21 -4 数据质量控制................................................................................................................... - 23 - 4.1 几何检查与修复 ....................................................................................................... - 24 - 4.2 逻辑关系检查 ........................................................................................................... - 26 -北京捷泰科技有限公司|ArcGIS 矢量数据处理指南4.3 重复数据的处理 ....................................................................................................... - 27 - 4.4 拓扑检查................................................................................................................... - 29 - 4.5属性检查................................................................................................................... - 32 -附录 .......................................................................................................................... ................. - 35 - 附录 1 1:10000成果数据命名规范..................................................................................... - 35 - 附录 2 1:10000成果数据分层 ............................................................................................. - 35 - 附录3 1:10000成果数据属性结构 ..................................................................................... - 36 -北京捷泰科技有限公司 | ArcGIS 矢量数据处理指南 - 1 -概述1 概述空间数据是GIS 的一个重要组成部分,整个GIS 都是围绕空间数据的采集、加工、存储、分析和表现展开的。