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课程翻译大全（一）Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics高等计算流体力学Advanced Mathematics高等数学Advanced Numerical Analysis高等数值分析Algorithmic Language算法语言Analogical Electronics模拟电子电路Artificial Intelligence Programming人工智能程序设计Audit审计学Automatic Control System自动控制系统Automatic Control Theory自动控制理论Auto-Measurement Technique自动检测技术Basis of Software Technique软件技术基础Calculus微积分Catalysis Principles催化原理Chemical Engineering Document Retrieval化工文献检索Circuitry电子线路College English大学英语College English Test(Band4)CET-4College English Test(Band6)CET-6College Physics大学物理Communication Fundamentals通信原理Comparative Economics比较经济学Complex Analysis复变函数论Computational Method计算方法Computer Graphics图形学原理Computer Interface Technology计算机接口技术Contract Law合同法Cost Accounting成本会计Circuit Measurement Technology电路测试技术Database Principles数据库原理Design&Analysis System系统分析与设计Developmental Economics发展经济学Digital Electronics数字电子电路Digital Image Processing数字图像处理Digital Signal Processing数字信号处理Econometrics经济计量学Economical Effic iency Analysis for Chemical Technology化工技术经济分析Economy of Capitalism资本主义经济Electromagnetic Fields&Magnetic Waves电磁场与电磁波Electrical Engineering Practice电工实习Enterprise Accounting企业会计学Equations of Mathematical Physics数理方程Experiment of College Physics物理实验Experiment of Microcomputer微机实验Experiment in Electronic Circuitry电子线路实验Fiber Optical Communication System光纤通讯系统Finance财政学Financial Accounting财务会计Fine Arts美术Functions of a Complex V ariable单复变函数Functions of Complex V ariables复变函数Functions of Complex V ariables&Integral Transformations复变函数与积分变换Fundamentals of Law法律基础Fuzzy Mathematics模糊数学General Physics普通物理Graduation Project(Thesis)毕业设计（论文）Graph theory图论Heat Transfer Theory传热学History of Chinese Revolution中国革命史Industrial Economics工业经济学Information Searches情报检索Integral Transformation积分变换Intelligent robot(s);Intelligence robot智能机器人International Business Administration国际企业管理International Clearance国际结算International Finance国际金融International Relation国际关系International Trade国际贸易Introduction to Chinese Tradition中国传统文化Introduction to 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Technique科技翻译Scientific English Translation科技管理Technological Management科技史History of Science & Technology科技史及新技术知识History of Science & Knowledge of New Technology科技写作Scientific Writing科技新闻Scientific News科技英语Scientific English科技英语基础Elementary Scientific English科技英语阅读Readings of Scientific English科技与社会Science & Society科学方法论Scientific Methodology科学技术史History of Science & Technology科学计量Scientific Measurement科学社会学概论Introduction to Scientific Socialism科学社会主义Scientific Socialism科学思维方法Methods of Scientific Thinking科学学Scientology可逆式水力机械Reversible Hydraulic Machinery空气调节与通风Air Regulation & V entilation口译Oral Interpretation口语实践Oral Practice离散数学Discrete Mathematics理论力学Theoretical Mechanics力热学Mechanics & Thermology力学,热学Mechanics & Thermology力学性能测试Mechanics Performance Testing两相流动和传热Two-phase Flow & Thermal Conduction量子力学Quantum Mechanics劣质煤燃烧与利用Tinpot Coal Combustion & Use零件设计Element Design领导科学Leadership Science流场数值计算及性能预测Numerical Calculation of Flow Field流态化工程Fluidization Engineering流体力学Fluid Mechanics六朝文论Articles of Six Dynasties鲁迅研究Research on LU Xun轮机概论Introduction to Turbines伦理学Ethics论文写作Thesis Writing论文指导Thesis Supervision螺杆压缩机Spiral Lobe Compressor逻辑设计Logic Design逻辑学Logic Theory马克思主义原理Principles of Marxism马列(社会学)原著选读Selected Readings of Marx's & Lenin's Original Work 马列哲学原著选读Selected Readings of Marx's & Lenin's Original Work马列主义原理Principles of Marxism & Leninism脉冲功率放大Pulse Power Magnification脉冲与数字电路Pulse & Digital Circuit毛泽东思想哲学研究Research on Mao Zedong's Thinking Philosophy模糊数学Fuzzy Mathematics模具计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Design of Models模拟电子技术Analog Electronics Technique模拟电子技术基础Basic Analog Electronics模拟电子线路Analog Electrical Circuitry模拟集成电路Analog Integrated Circuitry热力学Thermodynamics热力学与统计物理Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics热物理测量及实验技术Measurements & Experiments of Thermal Science 热物理量测技术Measurements of Thermal Science人工智能Artificial Intelligence人和自然Man & Nature人口经济方法Economical Method for Population人体生理Human Physiology日本物流Material Flow of Japan日语阅读Japanese Reading熔焊原理及工艺Principle & Technique of Melting and Welding熔炼原理Principle of Melting容错与诊断Tolerance & Diagnosis容积式压缩机数学模型Mathematical Model of Displacement Compressor 软件工程Software Engineering色彩Color色谱Color Spectrum摄影技巧Techniques for Photography社会调查的理论与方法Theories & Methods for Social Investigation社会调查方法Methods for Social Investigation社会工作Social Work社会统计分析与SYSTA T应用Social Statistics Analysis & SYSTA T Application社会统计学Social Statistics社会问题研究Research on Social Problems社会心理学Social Psychology社会学概论Introduction to Sociology社会学简论Brief Introduction to Sociology社会学理论专题Current Issues in Theories of Sociology社会学问题研究Research on Problems of Sociology社会学研究方法Research Methods of Sociology社会主义财政学Finance of Socialism社会主义各国政，经体制讨论Discussion on Political & Economic Systems in Socialism 生产过程计算机控制Computer Control in Manufacturing Process生产过程自动化Water-Turbine Engine生理学Physiology生命科学与无机化学Life Science and Inorganic Chemistry实变函数Functions of Real V ariable实验分析Experimental Analysis实验力学Experimental Mechanics实验力学基础Basis of Experimental Mechanics数理方程Mathematical Equations数理方程积分变换Integral Transmission of Mathematical Equation数理方程与特殊函数Equations of Mathematical Physics & Special Functions数理逻辑Mathematical Logic数理统计Mathematical statistics数量经济Quantity Economics数学分析Mathematical Analysis数学规划Mathematical Planning数学模型Mathematical Modeling数学物理方法Method of Mathematical Physics数值电路Digital Circuit数值分析Numerical Analysis数值计算Digital Computation数字测量技术Digital Measuring Technique数字测量实验技术Experimental Technique of Digital Measuring数字测试实验技术Experimental Technique of Digital Testing数字电路Digital Circuit数字电路及微机原理Digital Circuit & Computer Principles数字电视Digital Television数字电子基础Fundamental Digital Electronics数字电子技术Digital Electronic Technique数字电子技术基础Fundamental Digital Electronic Technique数字电子技术设计与实验Experiment & Design of Digital Electron Technique数字电子线路Digital Electrical Circuitry数字电子与微机原理Digital Electronics & Principle of Microcomputer数字仿真Digital Simulation数字化测量技术Digital Measuring Technique数字控制及微机控制技术Digital Control & Microcomputer Control Technique数字逻辑Digital Logic数字图象处理Digital Image Processing数字系统逻辑设计Logical Design of Digital System数字系统设计Design of Digital System数字信号处理Digital Signal Processing双曲线方程Hyperbolic Equation水电能源学Science of HydrOelectric Energy水电站过渡过程的特殊问题Special Problems in the Transition of a Hydropower Station水电站计算机控制Computer Control in Hydropower Station水电站经济运行Economic Operation in Hydropower Station水电站控制系统分析Analysis of Control System in Hydropower Station水电站自动化Automation of Hydropower Station水动力学Water Dynamics水机工艺结构分析Technics Structure Analysis of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械测试技术Test Technique of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械的汽蚀Gas Etching of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械调节Adjustment of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械强度计算Intensity Calculation of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械原理Principles of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械制造工艺及结构分析Manufacturing Technique & Structure Analysis of Hydraulic Machinery水力机械制造工艺学Manufacturing Technique for Hydraulic Machinery水力学Hydraulics水轮机Water-Turbine Engine水轮机调节Water-Turbine Engine Adaptation水轮机调节系统Adaptive System of Water-Turbine Engine水轮机水力设计Hydraulic Design of Water Engine水轮机原理及水力设计Principles of Water-Turbine Engine & Design of Water Engine水轮机原理与CAD Principle of Water-Turbine Engine & CAD水轮水力设计Hydraulic Design of Water Engine水现代控制理论Modern Theory of Water Controlling水质稳定技术Stability Technique of Water Quality思想教育V irtue Education素描Pencil Sketch速冻技术Technique of Speed Freezing塑性力学Plastic Mechanics算法语言Algorithmic Language随机过程Stochastic Process & Time Series Analysis随机运筹学Randomized Operational Research锁相技术Phase Lock Technique谈判技巧Negotiation Skills唐宋诗词Poetry & Prose of Tang & Song Dynasties特种铸造Special Processes of Metal Castings体育Physical Education铁磁学Ferromagnetics铁电半导体Ferro-Electric Semiconductor铁电材料与器件Ferro-Electric Material and Element铁电压电材料与器件Ferro-V oltage Electric Material and Element铁氧体材料Ferrite Material听说训练Practice on Listening & Speaking通风机V entilator通信电子线路Electronic Circuit of Communication通信原理Principle of Communication通讯写作专题Current Issues on Report Writing同步控制原理Principle of Synchronic Control统计Statistics统计计算Experiment of Applied Physics统计检查与质量控制Statistic Check and Quality Control统计物理Statistical Physics统计信号分析Analysis of Statistical Signal统计学Statistics统计学原理Principle of Statistics统计学原理与工业统计Principle of Statistics & Industrial Statistics统计原理Statistics投入产出分析Analysis of Input and Output投入产出技术Input and Output Technique透平机械三元流动Three-dimensional Flow of Turbine Machinery透平膨胀机Turbine Expansion Engine透平式压缩机特性模拟Analog of Performance of Turbine Compressor 透平压缩机强度Tensile of Turbine Compressor图论Graph Theory图论算法Algorithm on Graph Theory图论与组合Graphing & Grouping图论与组合优化Graphing & Optimal Grouping土力学与地基Soil Mechanics and Foundations托福测试Test of English as a Foreign Language拓朴学Topology外部设备讲座Lectures on Peripheral Equipment外部设备维修Repairment of Peripheral Equipment外国古代建筑史History of Western Ancient Architecture外国文献阅读Readings of Foreign Literature外国文学史History of Foreign Literature外国文学作品选译Selected Translations of Foreign Literary Works外国物流Foreign Material Flow外国物资管理Overseas Material Management外国新闻事业史History of Overseas Journalism外贸会计Foreign Business Accountancy外贸英语Foreign Business English外设概论Introduction to Peripheral Equipment外设实验Experiment on Peripheral Equipment往复泵及其它类型泵Reciprocating Pump & Other type Pumps微波测量技术Microwave Measurement Technique微波电路计算机辅助设计CAD of Microwave Circuit微波技术Microwave Technique微波技术基础Basis of Microwave Technique微波技术与天线Microwave Technique and Antenna微波器件Microwave Device微波器件及电路Microwave Device and Circuitry微波铁氧体器件Microwave Iron Oxide Elements微波网络Microwave Net微波遥感Microwave Remote Sensors微分方程Differential Equation微分方程数值解Numerical solution of partial differential equation微分几何Differential Geometry微观分析Micro-Analysis微观经济学Micro-Economics微机管理系统概论Introduction to Microcomputer Administration System微机和程序逻辑Microcomputer &Program Logic微机化设计Microcomputerization Design微机化仪器Microcomputerized Instrument微机化仪器仪表Microcomputerized Instrument & Meter微机汇编语言程序设计Microcomputer Programming in Assembly Languages 微机技术课程设计Course Exercise in Microcomputer Technology微机继电保护基础Basic Computer Relay Protection微机控制技术Control Technique of Microcomputer微机控制系统Control System of Microcomputer微机励磁检测系统Magnetic Excitation Test System of Microcomputer微机励磁控制系统Magnetic Excitation Control System of Microcomputer微机实验与设计Experiment & Design of Microcomputer微机数据管理Microcomputer Data Administration微机应用Application of Microcomputer微机应用技术Application Technique of Microcomputer微机原理Principle of Micro-computer微机原理及接口技术Principle & Interface Technique of Micro-computer微机原理及应用Principle & Application of Microcomputer微机原理与外设Principle of Microcomputer & Peripheral Equipment微机在并网中的应用Application of Microcomputer in Parallel Network微机在压缩机中应用Application of Microcomputer in Compressor微机在医学中的应用Application of Microcomputer in Medic ine微机在铸造技术中的应用Application of Microcomputer in Casting微生物学Microbiology微型机及应用Microcomputer & its Application微型计算机控制技术Microcomputer Controlling Technique微型计算机控制技术课程设计Course Exercise in Microcomputer Principles 微型计算机原理及应用Principle & Applications of Microcomputer微型计算机原理课程设计Course Exercise in Microcomputer Principles文化人类学Cultural Anthropology文书学Secretarial Science文献检索Document Indexing文选与习作Selected Readings & Composition文学概论Introduction to Literature文学选读Selected Readings of Literature文字音韵学Phonology文定性理论Theory of Stability涡轮增压器原理Principle of Turbosupercharger无机电介质Inorganic Dielectric无机化学Inorganic Chemistry无机化学实验Inorganic Chemistry Experiments无机介电材料Inorganic Dielectric Material无损检测技术Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement无线电测量Antijamming Techniques无线电系统概论Introduction to Radio System无线电系统与设备Radio System & Equipment无油润滑及空气净化Oil-Free Lubrication & Air Purification物理光学Physical Optics物理光学实验Optical-Physics Experiment物理化学Chemicophysics物理化学实验Physical Chemistry Experiment物理学Physics物理冶金Physical Metallurgy物流管理学Material flow Management物流系统工程Material Flow System Engineering误差理论Theory of Error西方近现代建筑史History of Western Contemporary Architecture西方科学与哲学评价Comment of Western Science & Philosophy西方美术史History of Western Art吸收式制冷机Absorption Refrigerator系统辨识System Discrimination系统程序设计基础Basic of System Program Design系统动力学System Dynamics系统工程System Engineering系统工程及经济分析概论Introduction to System Engineering & Economic Analysis 系统建模与响应System Modeling & Response系统结构System Structure系统与泵站System & Pump Station细胞生物学Cell Biology细杆式制冷压缩机Thin Pole Compressor纤维光学Fiber Optics显示技术Display Technique显示技术及装置Display Technique & Equipment显示仪表Displaying Meter现代汉语Modern Chinese现代控制论Contemporary Control Theory现代生物概率Probability of Modern Biology现代文学Modern Literature现代文学作品选读Selected Readings of Contemporary Literature现代西方哲学Contemporary Western Philosophy现代西方哲学评价Comments on Contemporary Western Philosophy现代语言学Modern Linguistics现代作品选讲Lectures on Selected Contemporary Writings线性代数Linear Algebra线性规划Linear Programming线性系统与分析Linear System & Analysis相似理论在热工中应用Application of Similarity Theory in Heat Engineering项目可行性研究与评诂Research & Evaluation of Project Feasibility小区规划设计Small Zone Planning小型客积式压缩机Small-V olumed Compressor小型制冷装置Small Refrigerating Equipment写作Writing写作基础Basis for Writing新时期小说专题Current Issues on Contemporary Novels新闻采访学News Gathering新闻概论Introduction to Journalism新闻管理专题Current Issues on Journalism Administration新闻学理论Theories of Journalism Science新闻评论学News Commentary新闻摄影News Photography新闻史History of Journalism新闻世界史World History of News新闻事业管理Journalism Administration新闻文化学News Culturology新闻写作News Writing新闻心理学News Psychology新闻总编赏析Appreciation & Analysis of General Editing心理学Psychology信号变换与处理Signal Conversion & Processing信号分析Signal Analysis信号交换处理Signal Exchange Processing信号与线性系统Signal & Linear System信息传输基础Information Transmission System信息光学Information Optics信息论Informatics信息论与编码Informatics & Coding信息系统设计Information System Design信息系统设计与分析Analysis of Information System & Designing形式逻辑formal Logics形势与教育Situation & Education形势与政策Situation & Policy行政法Administrative Law行政管理学Administration Science修辞讲座Lectures on Rhetorics学科专研究Subject Research循环分析Analysis of Cycling循环力学Cycling Mechanics训估学Phonology压力焊Pressure Welding压缩机测试技术Compression Test Technique压缩机汽阀Steam V alve of Compressor压缩机制冷技术Technology of Compressor Refrigeration压缩机制冷原理Principle of Compressor Refrigeration压缩机制造工艺学Technology of Compressor Manufacturing氧化锌避雷器Zinc-Oxide Arrester遥感图象数字处理Remote Sense Picture and Digit Processing叶片泵设计Paddle Pump Designing叶栅理论Theories of Cascades液力传动Fluid Transmission液体静压技术Liquid Static-Press Technique液体力学及液压传动Fluid Dynamics and Hydraulic Power Transmission 液压测试技术Hydraulic Test Technique液压传动Hydraulic Transmission液压传动系统Hydraulic Power Transmission System液压传动系统设计Hydraulic Power Transmission System Designing液压概论Introduction to Hydraulics液压流体力学Hydro-mechanics液压伺服系统Hydrauservo System液压随动系统Hydraulic Slave System液压系统的模拟机分析Analysis of Simulator of Hydraulic System液压系统数字仿真Digital Imitation in Hydraulic System液压系统污染控制Pollution Control in Hydraulic System液压元件Hydraulic Elements液压元件课程设计Course Exercise in Hydraulic Elements遗传学Genetics仪表可靠性Meter Reliability仪表零件及结构Meter Elements & structure仪器电路设计Instrument Circuit Designing仪器分析Instrumental Analysis仪器物理Instrumental Physics仪器物理学Instrumental Physics仪器制造工艺Instrument Manufacturing Technique仪用运放电路Instrument Transporting Circuitry音乐欣赏Music Appreciation银行信贷Bank Credits印刷输出设备设计原理Principle of Printing Out/Put Equipment Designing 英国文学史History of British Literature英美文学作品选读Selected Readings of British & American Literature英汉翻译English-Chinese Translation英美报刊选读Selected British & American Newspaper Readings英美概况British & American Culture and Society英美外台选听Selected Listenings of British & American Broadcast英美文学史History of British & American Literature英文打字Typing in English英语English英语词汇学English Lexicology英语泛读Extensive Reading英语精读Intensive Reading英语口语Oral English Practice英语视听English Videos英语听力English Listening Comprehension英语写作English Writing英语语法English Grammar英语语法流派Schools of English Grammar英语语言学导论Introdnction to General Lingnistics英语语言专题讲座Current Issues in Language Research and Education英语语音English Phonetics英语阅读English Reading英语阅读与技巧English Reading & Skills应用光学Applied Optics应用光学课程设计Course Design of Applied Optics应用光学设计Applied Optics Design应用光学实验Experiment on Applied Optics应用化学Applied Chemistry应用解剖Applied Anatomy应用软件基础Basic Applied Software应用软件与数据库Applied Software & Database应用物理实验Experiment of Applied Physics语言学概论Introduction to Linguistics语义学Semantics语音练习Practice on Phonetics语音学基础Basis of Phonetics预测技术Predicting Technique预测与决策Predicting and Policy-Making原理设计Principle Design原子物理学Atomic Physics园林设计Garden Designing源流理论与计算方法Principle & Computing Method of Source Flow远动技术Motion Technology阅读与技巧Reading & Skills运筹学Operational Research噪声原理及分析Principle & Analysis of Noise造型材料Modeling Material造型材料及基础Material & Basis of Modeling粘弹性力学V iscous Elastic Mechanics粘性流体力学V iscous Fluid Mechanics哲学Philosophy真空物理与技术V acuum Physics Technology振动分析与测试V ibration Analysis & Testing振动理论Theory of V ibration振动理论与测试Theory & Testing of V ibration振动学V ibration政治经济学Plutonomy政治理论Political Theories政治学Politics直流调整系统Direct Current Adjustive System直流输电Direct Current Transmission制冷及低温技术Refrigeration & Cryogenic Technique制冷系统优化与节能Optimal Refrigeration System & Energy Saving制冷与空调Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning制冷原理与设备Refrigeration Principle & Equipment智能化仪表基础Basis of Artific ial Intelligence Meter智能机器Artificial Intelligence Machinery智能仪器设计与应用Design & Application of Artificial Intelligence Instrument 质量管理Quality Management质量管理工程学Quality Management Engineering中国传统文化专题Topics on Chinese Traditional Culture中国当代文学史History of Chinese Contemporary Literature中国革命史History of Chinese Revolution中国古代建筑史History of Ancient Chinese Architecture中国古代名著欣赏Appreciation of Famous Ancient Chinese Works中国古代史History of Ancient China中国古代文学作品选讲Selected Readings of Ancient Chinese Literary Work中国古典文学Classical Chinese Literature中国古典小说名著选讲Selected Readings of Famous Classical Chinese Novels 中国古典小说选讲Selected Readings of Classical Chinese Novels中国画技巧Technique of Chinese Painting中国近现代经济史History of Recent & Modern Chinese Economy中国近代史Modern History of China中国经济地理Chinese Economic Geography中国经济与社会发展战略Chinese Economy & Social Development Strategy中国历代诗歌选Selections of Chinese Poetry中国美术欣赏Appreciation of Chinese Art中国美学史History of Chinese Aesthetics中国社会学史History of Chinese Sociology中国社会主义建设Chinese Socialist Construction中国诗话词话研究Research on Chinese Poetry & Prose中国文学Chinese Literature中国文学史History of Chinese Literature中国现代史Contemporary History of China中国现代文学史Contemporary Literature History of China中国现代小说流派Schools of Chinese Contemporary Novel中国语文Chinese Language中级无机化学Medium Inorganic Chemistry中级无机化学实验Experiment on Medium Inorganic Chemistry中社建文献选读Selected Readings of Chinese Socialist Construction Documents 中英文打字与编排Typing & Editing in English & Chinese轴流式压缩机Axial Flow Compressor铸钢及有色金属Steel-Casting & Colored Metal铸件成形理论Theory of Casting forming铸件形成理论基础Basis of Cast forming Theory铸铁熔炼Castiron Melting铸铁孕育Preparation of Castiron铸压加热设备Heating Equipment for Die Casting铸造测试技术Measuring Technique for Casting铸造车间环境保护Environmental Protection for Casting Shop铸造车间设计原理Principle of Casting Shop Design铸造工艺及设计Foundry Technology铸造合金Casting Alloy铸造合金及熔炼Cast Alloy & Melting铸造合金原理及熔炼Principles of Cast Alloy & Melting铸造化学Casting Chemistry铸造机构Casting Mechanism铸造机械设备Casting Equipment of Machine铸造设备Casting Equipment铸造新工艺New Casting Technique注塑工艺Shooting Technique专家系统Expert System专利与商标Patent & Trademark专题研究Research on Current Issues专业概论Introduction to Majors专业设讨Specialty Design & Discussion专业实验Specialty Experiment专业物理实验Physics Specialty Experiment专业英语Specialty English专业英语阅读Specialty English Reading资本论选读Selected Readings of On Capital自动测试系统Auto-Test System自动调节原理及水轮机调节Principle of Automatic Control & Hydrogenerator Re 自动化系统故障诊断Diagnosis of Automation System Error自动检测技术Automatic Measurement Technique自动控制理论Theory of Automatic Control自动控制系统Automatic Control System自动控制原理Principle of Automatic Control自动显示仪表Meter of Automatic Display自控实验Experiment on Auto-Control自然科学概论Introduction to Natural Science自适应控制Self Adaptive Control综合英语练习Comprehensive Practice in English阻容元件Resistor-Capacitor Unit组织行为学Organization Behavior最优化Optimum Theory最优化方法Optimal Method作品选读Selected Readings作文Composition金工实习Metalworking Practice水泵设计原理Principle of Pump DesigningCET-4 College English Test(Band 4)CET-6 College English Test(Band 6)生产实习Production Practice课程设计Course Exercise有限元法FInite Element代用燃料Substitute Fuel英汉口译English-Chinese Oral Interpretation思想道德修养Cultivation of Ethic Thought计算机文字处理Computer Language Processing英语影视English Movies & TV程序设计Program Designing计算机分析Computer Analysis汇编语言程序设计Assembly Language Programming模拟电路Analog Circuitry数字逻辑课程设计Course Design of Digital Logic数据库dBASE Ⅲ d BASE III on Compressor活塞压缩机结构Structure of Piston Compressor活塞压缩机强度Intensity of Piston Compressor三元流动理论Theory of Three-dimensional Flowing自动控制元件Automatic Control Component检测与显示技术Detection & Display Technique变流技术Semiconductor Converting Technology工厂供电Factory Electricity Supply计算机控制技术Computer Controlling Technology课程设计(接口) Course Exercise(Interface)计算机概论与上机操作Introduction to Computers & Practise社会主义市场经济Socialist Marketing Economics当代资本主义经济Contemporary Capitalist Economy精密机械零件与机构Precision Machinery Elements & Mechanism 光学工艺实习Optical Technology Practice光电探测及信号处理Photoelectric Inspect & Signal Processing激光实验Laser Experiments毕业实习Graduation Practice激光器件原理与设计Principles of Laser Devices & Design光电课程设计Photoelectric Course Exercise激光生物医学Laser Biomedicine激光与材料相互作用Reciprocity of Laser & Materials生物医学光子学Biomedical Photonics光纤原理与技术Fibre Optical Operation & Technology光纤通信技术Fibre Optical Communication Technology通信原理与技术Principle of Communication & Technology光纤实验Experiments in Fibre Optical外设与接口Peripheral Equipment & InterfacePASCAL语言Programming in PASCAL算法设计与分析Algorithmic Design & Analysis音乐基础理论Basis Theory of Music精读Perusal口语训练Oral Training英语听说训练English Practice on Listening & Speaking口语Oral Training语法Syntax文体学style Science高级视听Advanced V ideos英语学习技巧English Studying Skills报刊选读Selected Readings of Newspaper & Magazine模拟集成电路及应用Analog Integrated Circuit & Application传感器及应用Sensors & Application微机技术实验Microcomputer Technology Experiment数字语音处理Digital V oice Processing微机接口技术Interface Technique of Microcomputer电力拖动Electric Traction程序设计及算法语言Program Designing & Algorithmic Language应用写作Applied Composition文字处理系统Word Processing System经济基础Basis of Economy汉字信息处理系统设计Design of Chinese Character Information Processing办公自动化Office Automatization办公自动化系统设计Office Automatization DesignWindows系统Windows Operation System多媒体计算机技术Multimedia Computer Technology办公自动化系统毕业设计Office Automatization Thesis制冷课程设计Refrigeration Course Design制冷装置及自动化Refrigeration Equipment & Automatization电视传感器图象显示Television Sensor Graphic Display电子线路的计算机辅助分析Computer Associate Analysis of Electronic Circuit 自动检测技术与仪表Automatic Measurement Technique & Meter图形显示Graphic Demonstration外存储原理与技术External Memory Principle & Technique计算机原理及应用Principle & Applications of Computer机械制图Mechanical Graphing外贸会计会话Foreign Business Accountancy Conversation外贸函电Foreign Business Correspondence外贸英语会话Foreign Business English Conversation西方经济学Western Economics统计学原理与外贸统计Principle of Statistics & Business Statistics国际商法International Commercial Law国际技术贸易International Technical Trade工业产品学Industrial Products外贸应用文写作Foreign Business Practical Writing国际经济合作International Economics Cooperation对外贸易运输International Trade Transportation跨国公司International Firm国际信贷International Credits世界市场行情International Market Analysis建筑结构试验Architectural Structure Experimentation建筑工程概预算Construction Project Budget。
RP 1.7 copy: CONTRARY OPINIONSHeadline: Finance is not physics. Risk Professional, October 1999. (Vol 1, No. 7)Length: 1,900 wordsPictures: photo of Richard Hoppe from RP 1.5 plus some “physics” graphic/montageIntro:The mathematics of finance –differential calculus and stochastic statistics –was initially developed to model the physical world rather than markets. Richard Hoppe believes it’s time risk managers paid attention to the fundamental ways in which finance differs from physics and calls for a switch to adaptive models of the market.Body:It is not surprising that a good deal of thought and printer‟s ink have been expended on the problems of Long Term Capital Management. Trades went bad in every way imaginable and the losses were magnified by enormous leverage, culminating in a bailout led by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.Yet despite the recent catastrophic failures of the statistical models used in risk estimation, the fundamental nature of the models does not seem to have been called into question. It should be. Because mathematics can successfully guide a spacecraft in orbit, financial rocket scientists appear to believe that the same mathematics ought to be able to guide portfolios in markets. That belief is ill-founded. The use of current mathematical models of markets to guide speculative trading, support portfolio management and asset allocation, and estimate and manage market risk is at best a misguided business. At worst it is a doomed enterprise.In July‟s Risk Professional I vi gorously argued that because the behaviour of markets does not fit the assumptions of the mathematics currently used to represent markets, that mathematics is an inappropriate model for market behaviour (Risk Professional, July 1999, page 14). This essay d escribes why that is so. It argues that markets are evolving social systems that are qualitatively different from the ahistorical physical systems that the mathematics was developed to represent – and as a consequence, modelling markets requires quite different sort of representations.A question of timeThe mathematics currently used in trading control, portfolio management and risk management has had its genuine successes in representing physical systems. That mathematics assumes that the system being modelled has dynamics that are indifferent to time. The calculus of infinitesimals, for example, was invented by Newton to model planetary orbital dynamics, which do not change through time. Stochastic statistics and probability calculus found powerful applications in statistical mechanics, modelling the behaviour of near-equilibrium thermodynamic systems whose dynamics are also stable through time.Both approaches disregard time as a variable in representing a system‟s dynamics. Stochastic statistics simply discards time by aggregating time-series data into frequency distributions. The planetary orbital dynamics approach trivialises time by representing the system as completely reversible – the mathematics is indifferent to time‟s direction. One can run an o rrery forward or backward with equal facility.But the behaviour of a market system is not indifferent to time because markets are not physical systems. Markets are social systems, aggregations of interacting human beings. The manner in which market participants interact depends on their goals, on what they know and expect, and on how they process information and make decisions based on their goals, knowledge, and expectations at any given moment.The crucial point is that peoples‟ goals, knowledge and exp ectations change through time. As market participants‟ goals, knowledge and expectations change, the bases for their decisions change. As people get feedback on the effectiveness, or lack thereof, of their decisions, they change the way they process information and make decisions. When the modal information-processing and decision-making behaviours of market participants change, the dynamics of the market they comprise change. Market dynamics are epiphenomena of the underlying behavioural dynamics of human market participants. The history of markets and market participants is vitally important to understanding their current behaviour: time flows in just one direction for markets.Model behaviourWhether it is metaphorical, physical, or mathematical, a model is a partial representation of the real world. By design models incorporate some features of the real world and ignore others. The model builder‟s hope is that the subset of features included in the model allow it to represent the real world in the respect s that are relevant to the model builder‟s goals. As the physicist Philip Anderson remarked in his 1977 Nobel Prize lecture: “The art of model-building is the exclusion of real but irrelevant parts of the problem.”However, Anderson‟s remark is incomplete. A model is not merely a simplified representation of a piece of the real world. One must also consider whether the modelling technology itself introduces unintended properties into its representation of the real world. The full-size clay models built by an automobile designer might faithfully represent the size and shape of the proposed design, but do not represent its weight, physical composition or internal structure.Mathematical models similarly represent some characteristics of the real world and ignore others. Moreover, like the weight of the clay model, a mathematical model may also have properties not present in the real world phenomenon being modelled. That would be unproblematic if those properties were irrelevant to the purposes of the model-builder, but unfortunately, some properties and assumptions of mathematical models of markets are directly relevant to their use in risk estimation, but are not true of real markets.Among those properties and assumptions of stochastic statistics are the irr elevance of the system‟s history and the normality, stationarity and independence of distributions. Since time series of market returns arenot Gaussian random walks, a statistical model that assumes that they are is guaranteed to be misleading. As with using clay models to test the crash-worthiness of automobile designs, using mathematical models that do not faithfully represent the relevant properties of markets leads to potentially serious errors.The role of theoryThe modelling technology used to represent a domain of phenomena must be governed by a substantive theory in the domain. Mathematics cannot be gratuitously grafted onto numbers in the absence of theoretical justification. Mathematical models acquire interpretable meaning only when a substantive theory tells us how to map the entities, processes and relationships of the real world into the terms and operators of the math. And crucially, a substantive theory allows us to distinguish between relevant properties and those that are irrelevant.Differential calculus is a defensible representation of certain behaviours of physical systems because there are well-corroborated theories that justify mapping physical phenomena into the terms and operators of calculus. For instance, there are substantive theoretical grounds for identifying the first derivative of position with respect to time, a mathematical representation, with the real velocity of a real physical object moving in real space. But we have no such theory of markets. We have only strained analo gies with physical systems to justify the use of the math.Simply because markets provide a plethora of numbers is not a justification for using any particular mathematical model of the real-world processes that give rise to those numbers. The use of a mathematical model of entities and processes in markets requires a theory of markets, not merely a theory of mathematics. In finance the latter is often taken to be the former, to the intellectual embarrassment of academics and the professional demise of traders and risk managers. Tenured professors can survive embarrassment but unsuccessful traders and risk managers must find a new occupation, or at least a new employer.Three criteriaTo model markets we need a kind of representation – mathematical or otherwise – that meets three criteria. First, since markets are social systems whose dynamics change through time, an adequate market representation must be able to adapt. It must be able to …learn‟ new dynamics as the collective goals, knowledge, expectations, information-processing and decision-making behaviours of market participants change. The mathematics of physical systems is not adaptive, which rules out physical models of markets.Second, the representation must be theoretically plausible. We must be able to justify the mapping of market phenomena into the terms and operators of the representation. We must be able to give reasons for our choice of market representation that are based on a coherent theory of market participants and their aggregate behaviour, not merely on the convenience or availability of the mathematics.Finally, we must be able to extract useful information from the representation. There must be ways of using the model to guide effective actions in the real world – buying, selling, hedging, allocating. Themodel must enable one to make valid statements about the likely behaviour of the market system or it is a sterile academic exercise.Prediction is a putative property claimed for stochastic statistical models of markets. For example, the RiskMetrics Technical Manual asserts: “An important advantage of assuming that changes in asset prices are distributed normally is that we can make predictions about what we expect to occur.” However, those predictions can fail spectacularly, as we have seen frequently in market history. The normal distribution is used not because it represents the phenomena well – it does not – but because it has a seemingly useful property. But that property is a feature of the model, not of the real world, and predictions based on invalid models are not merely useless, they can be fatally misleading.Three alternativesIt is all very well (and discouragingly easy) to criticise existing practice – but what are the alternatives? Should we abandon everything in finance since Black-Scholes? There are in fact three alternatives. The first is to attempt to tweak existing models to make them more responsive to changing market dynamics. For example, we could make market risk estimates using short-trailing samples or exponentially weighted trailing samples rather than long unweighted samples. Work in extreme value theory is also an attempt to modify existing approaches to fit real markets.However, tinkering with existing approaches does not escape the fundamental problem. The mod els are still fixed-form, ahistorical and non-adaptive – and therefore are inappropriate for systems in which history and the direction of time count.A second alternative is for practitioners – traders, risk managers, and portfolio managers – to acknowledge that existing models derived from strained analogies with physics are deceptively dangerous in practice and to simply abandon them. Wagering large sums of money on models that are known to be flawed leads to catastrophic losses, as we have seen.One might better give heavier consideration to risk management basics: carefully controlling leverage, limiting the proportion of capital committed to related positions (being acutely aware that the relationships may be non-linear and can change daily or weekly), and always knowing where the exits are, because the unexpected and improbable is certain to happen eventually.Taking the critique seriouslyThe third alternative is to take the critique seriously and redirect research in finance toward devising new market representations – not necessarily mathematical representations – that meet the criteria suggested above. This alternative demands that one intellectually divorce oneself from existing approaches. It requires shedding the rigid cognitive sets and intellectual prejudices acquired from decades of indoctrination in the primacy of probability theory, stochastic statistics, and differential calculus.It means developing theories and models that have roots in disciplines like evolutionary biology and cognitive psychology, disciplines in which the history of behavioural phenomena is important in theirexplanations. Since those disciplines are not heavily mathematicised, the kinds of representations and models that they provide will not take the same form as those borrowed from physics. The models will make heavy use of simulation rather than mathematics. Nevertheless, they will be more veridical and less deceptive and in the end they will be more useful.Until the requirements for predictively useful, theoretically justified and adaptive market representations are met, mathematical models will continue to send market participants astray. So long as formal models of market behaviour require that we pretend that markets are reversible or ahistorical physical systems with fixed dynamics, the models will continue to lead risk managers, portfolio managers, and traders down financially dangerous garden paths.Richard Hoppe spent the 1960s in the aerospace and defence industry before becoming professor of psychology at Kenyon College in Ohio in the 1970s and 1980s. He has been associated with the trading industry since 1990 as a consultant in artificial intelligence and as a trader. Richard is currently a principalatIntelliTrade,amarketriskdecisionsupportfirm,**********************************.ends。
流体机械及工程（080704）学科门类：工学（08）一级学科：动力工程及工程热物理（0807）河海大学流体机械及工程学科创建于1958年，是在水电站动力装置、水电站动力设备等学科发展而来的，历史悠久，早在八十年代就具有硕士学位授予权。
本学科现有在职正高职称6人，副高级职称8人，讲师8人。
本学科试验室经过"211” 的建设，新建成了“水力机械多功能试验台S “水力机械动态模拟试验台”等试验装置，已经在泵站整体水力模型、水泵的内特性和外特性研究方面发挥了巨大作用，承担了各种课题近百项，先后荣获国家科技进步二等奖2项、国家科技进步三等奖1项、国家机械局科技进步二等奖1项、江苏省科技进步二等奖1项、国家专利10项，在国内外主要核心刊物上发表论文150余篇，出版专著6部。
本学科培养的人才在能源动力部门及众多部门发挥了突出作用，许多人成为我国大型水电部门的技术骨干，有些走上了重要的领导岗位。
一、培养目标本学科培养从事流体机械及工程教学、科研、管理等方面的学科基础扎实、专业知识丰富、创新精神和实验动手技能强高层次人才。
应能掌握学科发展方向及前沿动态，能够应用现代基础理论和先进的讣算、实验方法独立开展研究工作，具有解决本学科工程实践关键技术问题的能力。
二、主要研究方向1、流体机械及工程安全运行、故障测试与诊断；2、流体机械及工程特性、建模技术及优化设计；3、水力机组的动态特性、过渡过程控制与仿真；4、水工机械结构与机电一体化研究；、新能源及可再生能源技术。
5三、学制和学分攻读硕士学位的标准学制为2.5 年，学习年限实行弹性学制，最短不低于2年，最长不超过3.5年（非全日制学生可延长1年）。
硕士研究生课程由学位课程、非学位课程和研究环节组成。
硕士研究生课程总学分不少于32学分，其中学位课程不少于18学分，非学位课程不少于9学分，研究环节5学分。
四、课程设置流体机械及工程学科硕士研究生课程设置•（适用于研究方向1、2、3、5）.学时学分课程名课程编号称开课学期注课程类别备自然辩证法51 2秋09001（01Dialectics of Nature 公共必修课程第—外国语秋、春 4 114 Fir3t Foreign Language数学物理方程秋Partial Differential Equations in Mathematics 1000M1051 3and Physics学科选修矩阵论基础1000K01 36 2秋5-6学分Matrix Theory 课程数值分析3 1 000M02 54秋Numerical Analysis 学流体动力学及叶栅理论 3 0206M01 51 秋位Fluid Dynamics and Cascade Theory 专业课选修现代拎制理论51 0203M0S歴础3秋程Modern Control Theory 3-6学分课程系统建模与仿真51 0206M023 秋18 个System Modeling and Siaulation学分水力机械涼动理论 2 36 春0206K03 Flowing Theory of Hydraulic Machinery滅体机械1：程特性及设计Fluid Design and of The Characteristics 春36 2 0206X01Machinery and Engineering流体机械数字化设计理论及技术专业选修Fluid in春36 2 Theory Digitized Design and Technology 0206M05 课程 4 学分Xachinery 水力机组控制与仿真 2 春36 0206X06 The Simulation and Control of Hydraulic PowerUnit 可逆式水力机械 2 36 春0203M21 Reversible Hydraulic Machinery科学社会主义理论与实践0900M02 36春1 必修Theory & Practice of Scientific Socialism抽水蓄能技2360203M05Techn£que of Puziping Storage空化与空0203M20362Cavitation水力机0203M10362Transiting Process of Hydraulic Machiner 风力发电技0206JC22362肥nd Powz Generation Technology 选太阳能发电技学2360206M07Solar Energy Generation Technology 机组测试与诊3620206M0S 个学Tests & Diagnosis of Generation Unit匸程随机过511000M073Eng£neering Stochastic Process最优化方1000M0335!Method3 of Optimization跨一级学科选修硕七专业基础或专业课4必2学术活1研究环2文献阅读、开题报育、学术论文写必个学实践活1流体机械及工程学科硕士研究生课程设置。
专利名称：Lubrication pump发明人：Schmidt, Fabian,Kreutzkämper,Jürgen,Schmidt, Holger,Schönherr, Dieter申请号：EP14196454.4申请日：20141205公开号：EP2884150A2公开日：20150617专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要： This invention relates to a lubricant pump (100) having a housing (102)comprises a reservoir (108) for lubricant and a pump unit, in particular a piston pump device (1) comprising pump housing section (104, 106), wherein the pump unit is adaptedto a lubricant disposed from the reservoir (108) to a housing (102) Schmieimittelauslass (52; 62; 64) to promote, and wherein the reservoir (108) has a lubricant application (112) and means connected to the pump unit Schmieimittelauslassstelle, wherein the lubricant application (112) is disposed on an upper side of the reservoir (108) and with a lid (114) is covered, wherein the cover (114) for covering the lubricant application (112) on a front side of the reservoir (108) is arranged rotatably, and a lubricant pump as described above, wherein a Schmiermittelfüllst andsensor is provided (68) which is fixed to the pump unit by means of a holding element (66) and from there into the reservoir (108) protrudes.申请人：SKF Lubrication Systems Germany GmbH地址：Heinrich-Hertz-Strasse 2-8 69190 Walldorf DE国籍：DE代理机构：Kuhstrebe, Jochen更多信息请下载全文后查看。
AAmorphous 无定性的，无组织的Amplitude 广阔，丰富，振幅Analyte 分析物Anisotropic 各项异性的Annihilation 湮灭Anode 阳极Antenna 天线Angstrom 埃Alignment 对准，调整，定位Aliasing 混淆现象Aperture 孔，穴，缝隙，光圈，孔径Aperture 孔，穴，缝隙，光圈，孔径Attenuation 变薄，稀薄化，变细，衰减Airbome 空运的，空气传播的，空降的Azimuth angle 方位角Avalanche 雪崩；雪崩Acronym 只取首字母缩写词BBarium titanate 钛酸钡Bandgap 能带隙Bandpass 通频带，带通Bulk 大批的，大量的Built-in 内置的，固定的，嵌入的；内置Burst 爆裂，炸破，急于，爆发；突然破裂，爆发，脉冲Bioluminescence 生物发光Bilinear 双线性的Bombard 炮轰，轰击BER 误码率CCompound 混合物，化合物Covalent 共价的Constructive interference 相厂干涉Conserve 保存，保藏Coil 线圈，线阻，感应器Compromise 妥协，折中；妥协，折中，危及....的安全Convolution 回旋，盘旋，卷绕Cosecant 余割Congestion 拥挤Congruent 适合的，一致的，全等的，叠合的，同余的Constraint 约束，强制，局促Convolution 卷积Counterpart 副本，对应物Centrosymmetric 中心对称的Ceramic 陶瓷的Cross-section 横截面Crosstalk 色度亮度干扰Cumulative 累积的Cumbersome 讨厌的，麻烦的，笨重的Curvature 弯曲，曲率Chemiluminescence 化学发光Chebyshev transform 切比雪夫转换Closed loop 闭环Clutter 杂乱回波Cylindrical 圆柱的Cathode 阴极CRT 阴极射线管Circulator 循环器DDeformed 变形的，形状上被扭曲的，畸形的Depletion 损耗Derivative 引出的，系出的；派生的事物，派生词Derive 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推动，帮助，使容易，促使Fundamental 原理GGauge 标准尺，规格，量规，量表，测量Germanium 锗Gigahertz 千兆赫Glancing 方向上是斜的，倾斜的或偏斜的HHerein 于此，在这里Humidity 湿气，潮湿，湿度，沼泽中的肥沃高地Hand in hand 手拉手，联合Histogram 直方图，条形图，矩形图IIncentive 动机，激励的Induce 劝诱，促使，导致，引起，感应Inherently 天性地，固有地Infinite 无限的东西，无穷大；无穷的，无限的，无数的，极大的Inserted 插入的，嵌入的，着生的，附着的Invert 转化的；使颠倒，使转化；颠倒的事物Intercept 中途阻止，截取Interleave 交错，隔行扫描，插帧Inter 埋葬，葬，埋Interdisciplinary 各学科间的Interpolation 插入，内插，插值法，内插法，移植Intrinsic 固有的，内在的，本质的Invoke 调用Incoherent 不连贯的，语无伦次的Indices 指数，index的复数Insulating 绝缘的Interdigitate 相间错杂，互相交叉Incident 事件，事变；附带的，易于发生的Inevitably 不可避免的Intensity 强烈，剧烈，强度，亮度Interfere 干涉，干预，妨碍，打扰Intergalactic 银河间的Impedance 阻抗，全电阻，阻抗Implantation 培植，灌输Implantation 注入Impedance 阻抗，全电阻，阻抗Ion 离子Ionization 电离化Isothermal 等温的，等温线的；等温线Identical 同一的，同样的LLinearize 使线性化Lithium 锂Limes limites边境或边界的防线，尤其罗马帝国的Line of sight 视线，瞄准线Luciferin 虫荧光素，荧光素Luminescent 发冷光的Longitudinal 经度的，纵向的Lattice 格子Lengthy 冗长的，过分的MMacroscopic 肉眼可见的，巨观的Magnetic 磁的，有磁性的，有吸引力的Mask 屏蔽码Mainframe 主机，主机柜，大型机Mapping 映射，绘制.....之地图，计划Mechanism 机械装置，机构，机制Membrane 膜，隔膜Mean square 均方Methodology 方法论，方法学Megahertz 兆赫MESFET 金属半导体场效应晶体管Microscopy 显微镜方法Miniscule 极小的，细微的Mitigate 减轻Monolithic 单片电路，单块集成电路Moot 未决议的，无实际意义的Modulated 已调整的，被调制的Momentum 动量Module 模数，模块Monopulse 单脉冲Motivated 有根据的，有动机的，由.....推动的MOSFET 金属氧化物半导体场效应管NNoteworthy 值的注目的，显著的Node 节点Noninverting 放大器Necessitate 成为必要Niobate 铌酸盐OOpaque 不透明物；不透明的，不传热的，迟钝的Opto-coupler 光耦合器Opto-isolator 光隔离器Optimal 最佳的，最优的Overshadow 使显得不重要，遮蔽Overlap 交叠，复合Ominated 受控的Oscillation 振动PPolycrystalline 多晶的Polymer 聚合体Polyvinylidene fluoride 聚氟乙烯Potential 潜在的，可能的，势的，位的；潜能，潜力，电压Porous 多孔的，有孔的Potential 潜在的，可能的，势的，位的；潜能，潜力，电压Polarization 偏振，极化，两极化，分化Postprocessing 后加工，后处理Photolithographic 照相平版印刷Phosphor 磷光体Photoconductive 光敏的Photon 光子Phototransistor 光电晶体管Photons 光子，光量子Photodiode 光敏二极管，光电二极管Phased 定相的Phase-lock 锁相Permittivity 介电常数Perovskite 钙钛矿Perturbation 扰动，扰乱，干扰，摄动Piezoelectric 压电的Piezojunction 偏振极化Propagate 繁殖，传播，宣传，扩散Proportional 比例的，成比例的，相称的，均衡的Prominent 卓越的，显著的，突出的Plankton 浮游生物Plasma 等离子体Pyroelectricity 焦热电PET 正电子X射线层析术Pseudorandom 伪随机的Parasitic 寄生的QQuantum 量，额，量子，量子论Quanta 量子Quantization 量子化RReciprocally 相互地，相反地Redeeming 补偿的，弥补的Resistivity 抵抗力，电阻系数Resonators 谐振器Reversible 可逆的Refined 精制的，优雅的，精确的Resolution 分辨率Resonator 谐振器，振荡电路Retract 缩合，缩进，所卷，收回，取消，撤销Rearrange 再排列，重新整理Resistor 电阻器Refine 提纯，变优雅，推敲，琢磨，改善，改进Repertoire 节目，保留剧目，指令表，指令系统SSpatial 空间的Spectral 光谱的，频谱，光谱Spill 溢出，溅出，摔下，木片，小塞子，暴跌，溢出量；使溢出，使散落，洒，使流出，使摔下，倒出；溢出，涌流，充满Spontaneous 自发的，自然产生的Sputtered 阴极真空喷镀，阴极溅镀Splice 接合，连接Sporadic 零星的Substrates 底层，下层Substrate 基片，衬底，基底Superposition 重叠，重合，叠合Superheterodyne 超外差式，收音机；超外差的Surveillance 监视，监督Standpoint 立场，观点Steep 陡峭的，险峻的，急剧升降的，不合理的；悬崖，峭壁，浸渍，浸渍液；浸，泡，沉浸Stack 叠加Steer 导引，引入，操纵Straddle 跨骑Stochastic 随机的Saturation 饱和Sag 松弛，下陷，下垂，下跌，漂流；下垂，下陷，物价下跌，随风漂流，垂度sinusoidal 正弦曲线，窦状小管，窦状隙Sidelobe suppression 旁瓣抑制Searchlight 探照灯Series 连续，系列，丛书，级数Synthetic aperture radar 合成孔径雷达Synchronization 同一时刻，同步Scaling 缩放比例Solvent 溶解的，有偿付能力的，有溶解力的；溶媒，溶剂，解决方法Shifter 移位器，移相器Swath 收割的刈痕，细长的列SNR 信噪比，信号噪声比TTemporal 时间的，当时的，暂时的Terminal 终点站，终端，接线端；末期，每期的，每学期的Terminology 术语学Tenuous 纤细的Terrain 地形Trapping 截留，俘获Trigonometry 三角法Trough 槽，水槽，饲料槽，木钵Transition 转变，转换，跃迁，过滤，变调Transverse 横向的，横断的Tractable 易驾驭的，驯良的，易管教的，易处理的Trade-off 权衡，折中，折中方案，综合Transient 短暂的，瞬时的；瞬时现象Tolerance 公差，宽容，忍受，容忍；给规定公差Topology 拓扑，布局，拓扑学Thermodynamics 热力学Throughput 吞吐量，通过量，解题能力，吞吐率Tapering 尖端细的Tade off 权衡Titanate 钛酸盐UUnderlying 在下面，根本的，潜在的，优先的Unity 团结，联合，统一，一致Unmodulated 未调整的，未压低的，未调制的Ubiquitous 到处存在的，普遍存在的VVirtual 虚的，实质的，有效的，事实上的Violate 违犯，亵渎，冒犯，干扰，违反，妨碍Valence 价，原子价Vehicle 交通工具，车辆，媒介物，传达手段ZZirconate 锆酸盐Zenith 顶点，顶峰，天顶，最高点。
卫星通信信道的建模和测量一、通信卫星分类卫星可以分类的方式有很多种，这里只列出常见的分类。
1.1 轨位卫星可以根据轨道的高度分为以下几种。
其中，近地轨道卫星（Land mobile satellite-LMS）为当前研究的热点。
因为在高轨位上，卫星信道更加趋近于高斯信道。
而在低轨位工作的卫星，由于其运动性，会存在遮挡、时变、多径效应和多普勒效应。
1.LEO (low earth orbit): 160~2000km2.MEO (medium earth orbit): 2000~36000km3.HEO (high earth orbit)：>36000km4.GEO (geostationary orbit)：36000km1.2 频段按照卫星工作的频段，一般可以分为以下几类。
其中，在卫星信道测量上，要特别考虑高频段所带来的阴影衰落，以及天气状况。
工作在ka波段的卫星，雨衰严重。
1.L-band: 0.3~3G2.S-band: 2-4G3.C-band: 4~8G4.X-band: 8~12G5.Ku-band: 12~18G6.Ka-band: 27~40G1.3 服务区域根据卫星服务的区域不同，又可以把卫星分为以下几类。
如果卫星服务的区域在城区，则遮挡会更加严重。
而在空旷的郊区，则遮挡会相应变少。
另外，最近有些工作是测量热带区域的卫星信道，主要是因为热带区域天气多变，因此，有必要单独考虑。
1.Rural2.Suburban3.Urban4.Tropical area1.4 极化方式根据卫星的极化方式不同，又可以把卫星分为多极化和双极化卫星。
1.Single-polarized2.Dual-polarized目前，大部分信道建模或者测量都是选择其中的一个子集，作为研究对象。
比如，研究近地轨道卫星在Ka波段下城区的信道的测量和建模。
就调研的结果来看，现在大部分文献都集中在低轨卫星条件下，研究卫星信道的测量和建模。
exploit ['ekspl?it] 利用ferroelectric [,fer?ui'lektrik] 铁电的注意e的发音,短促compound ['k?mpaund] 混合物注意奥的发音capability [,keip?'biliti] 能力性能electromechanicalinherent [in'hi?r?nt] 内在的固有的regime [rei'?i:m] 政权,状态hysteresis [,hist?'ri:sis]constitutive ['k?nst?,tju:tiv] 本质的基本的,制定的,分子的nonlinearity [lini'?r?ti]noncentrosymmetric [si'metrik]regulate ['regju,leit]utilize ['ju:tilaiz] 利用accuracy ['?kjur?si] 正确的,准确的dipole ['daip?ul] 偶极子,双极accommodate [?'k?m?deit] 提供algorithm ['?lg?,rie?m] 算法specification [,spesifi'kei??n] 说明,详细ferroelastic [i'l?stik]whereas [hw??r'?z] 而associate [?'s?u?ieit]stress [stres] 应力manifest ['m?nifest] 明显的strain [strein] 应变illustrate ['il?streit]layer['lei?] 层unimorphmodification [,m?difi'kei??n]airfoil ['??,f?il] 注意重音,机combination [,k?mbi'nei??n] 【数】组合[C] robustness [r?u'b?stnis] 稳健性,鲁棒性metallic [mi't?lik] 金属的;含(或产)金属的asymmetric [,?si'metrik] 不对称的,不匀称的behaviorpiezoelectric [pai,i:z?ui'lektrik] 压电的actuate ['?ktjueit] 开动(机器等)ionic[ai'?nik] 【物】离子的polarization [,p?ul?rai'zei??n] 产生极性;极化reversible [ri'v?:s?bl] 可反转的;可逆的alter ['?:lt?] 改变configuration [k?n,figju'rei??n] 组态配置term [t?:m] 把...称为,把...叫做converse [k?n'v?:s] 【书】交谈,谈话;逆,相反的事物direct1coupleatomic [?'t?mik] 原子的angstrom ['??str?m] 埃(光谱线波长单位) 一万万分之一厘米polar ['p?ul?] 北极的,南极的;极地的multistagedual ['dju:?l] "双倍的;双重的"sensitivity [,sensi'tiviti] 敏感性;感受性saturation [,s?t??'rei??n]domain [d?'mein] 【数】域; 定义域【物】(磁)畴homogencity [,h?m?ud?e'ni:iti] 同种;同质mitigate ['miti,geit] "使缓和;减轻"deleterious [,deli'ti?ri?s] 有害的;有毒的hybrid ['haibrid] 混合源物;合成物;混合词ratio ['rei??u] 比;比率;【数】比例stack [st?k]cylindrical [si'lindrikl] 圆柱形的;圆筒状的;attenuate [?'tenjueit] (使)变细;(使)变小yield[ji:ld] 产生irreversible [,iri'v?:s?bl] 不可逆的;不能翻转的acoustic [?'ku:stik] 声学的employ [im'pl?i] 使用利用scale[skeil] "大小;规模[C][U]比率;缩尺[C]"real-timebiological[,bai?'l?d?ik?l] 生物的;生物学的efficacy ['efik?si] 效力,功效diminish [di'mini?] "减少,减小,缩减"robust control [r?u'b?st]thermal ['θ?:m?l]gain [gein] 增益circumvent [,s?:k?m'vent] "环绕;包围"compensator ['k?mpenseit?] 补偿(或赔偿)者;补偿(或赔偿)物property ['pr?p?ti] 特性,性能,属性transient ['tr?n??nt] "瞬态"closure ['kl?u??]sufficiently [s?'fi??ntli] "足够地,充分地"implementation [,implimen'tei??n] 履行;完成stochastic [st?'k?stik] 可能的, 或然的; 【数】随机的homogenizationinitial [i'ni??l] 开始的summarize ['s?m?raiz] 总结quantify ['kw?ntifai] 为...定量;以数量表示roughly ['r?fli] 粗糙地categorize ['k?tig?,raiz] 使列入...的范畴;将...分类phenomenologicalconstruct [k?n'str?kt] 建造,构成microscopic ['maikr?'sk?pik] 显微镜似的;精微的mesoscopicframework ['freimw?:k] "构造,机构,组织"optimal ['?pt?m?l] 最理想的parameter[p?'r?mit?] 参数present ['preznt]tenet ['tenit] 信条;主义;教义;宗旨;原则category ['k?tig?ri] "种类;部属;类目;范畴"originate [?'rid?i,neit] 发源;来自;产生piezoceramic [si'r?mik] 陶器的;制陶艺术的generality[,d?en?'r?liti] 一般性;普遍性attribute [?'tribju:t] 属性;特性,特质identify [ai'dentifai] 确认;识别;鉴定,验明faciliatecorrelation [,k?:ri'lei??n] 相互关系,关联compromise ['k?mpr?maiz] 妥协方案,折衷办法;折衷物quasistatic['st?tik] ['kweisai]formulation [,f?:mju'lei??n] 公式化approach [?'pr?ut?]aggregate ['?grigeit] 使聚集local ['l?uk?l] 局部的expression [iks'pre??n]internal [in't?:n?l]entropy ['entr?pi] 熵landscape ['l?ndskeip]minimizaition [,minimai'zei??n] 减缩到最小transitionanhystereticasymptotic 渐近线的approximation [?,pr?ksi'mei??n] 【数】近似值[kw?'dr?tik] 数】二次方程式algebraic [,?ld?i'breik] 代数的;代数学的;代数上的negligible['neglid??bl] 可以忽略的;crystal ['kristl] 晶体的homogeneous [,h?m?'d?i:ni?s] 同种的;同质的uniform ['ju:nif?:m] "相同的,一致的,均匀的"polverystallinitycoercive [k?u'?:siv] 强制的;高压的manifestation [,m?nifes'tei??n] 显示,表明;证实correlate ['k?:r?,leit]congruency ['k??gru?nsi] 适合;一致exhibit [ig'zibit] 表示,显出analogous [?'n?l?g?s] 类似的;可比拟的memory alloymethodology [,meθ?'d?l?d?i] 方法论ferroicrelaxation[,ri:l?k'sei??n] 驰豫eliminate [i'limineit] 排除,消除,消灭lookup tablemotivate ['m?uti,veit] 给...动机;刺激;激发barium ['b??ri?m] 钡titanate ['tait?neit] 钛酸盐reiterate [ri:'it?reit] 重做,反复做;重申,反复讲derivative[di'riv?tiv] 引出的,导数,微商relaxation[,ri:l?k'sei??n] 松弛,放松tungsten ['t??st?n] 【化】钨hydrostatic [,haidr?'st?tik] 静液压embrittle [im'brit?l] 使(金属)变脆hydrogen ['haidrid??n] 【化】氢[U]excessive [ik'sesiv] 过度的;过分的;极度的capacity [k?'p?siti] 容量,容积[U][S]equilibrium [,i:kwi'libri?m] 相称;平衡;均衡gravitational ['gr?v?'tei??n?l] (万有)引力的;重力的resultant [ri'z?lt?nt] 作为结果的intersect [,int?'sekt] 横断,贯穿;与...交叉gage [geid?] 挑战;象征挑战而扔下的手套或帽子等,规格,计器,量尺oblique [?b'li:k] 斜的;倾斜的[Z]infinitesimal [,infini'tesim?l] 极微小的,无限小的determinant [di't?:min?nt] 【数】行列式auxiliary [?:g'zilj?ri] 辅助的bisect [bai'sekt] 平分;二等分metallurgy [me't?l?d?i] 冶金学continuum [k?n'tinju?m] 连续统;闭联集designate ['dezigneit] 标出;表明;指定dummy ['d?mi] 虚位orthogonal [?:'θ?g?nl] 直角的;矩形的dilation [dai'lei??n] 扩张;扩大部分variables ['v??ri?bl] 变量circuit ['s?:kit] 电路electrical engineering [i'lektrik?l] 电气工程unit ['ju:nit] 单位analysis [?'n?l?sis] 分析voltage ['v?ultid?] 电压current ['k?:r?nt] 电流basic circuit element ['elim?nt] 基本电路单元summary ['s?m?ri] 总结pratical perspective [p?'spektiv] 实用看法current source 电流源electrical perspective [i'lektrik?l]circuit model ['m?dl] 电路模型Kirchhoff's laws 基尔霍府定律dependent source [di'pend?nt] 独立源rear window defroster [di:'fr?:st?] 后窗除霜器resistor in parallel 并联电阻resistor in series [ri'zist?] 串联电阻voltage-divider circuit ['v?ultid?] 分压电路current-divider circuit 分流电路wheatstone bridge 会斯顿桥delta-to-wye equivalent circuits ['delt?] 三角形-星形等效电路realistic resistors [ri?'listik] 实际电阻terminology [,t?:mi'n?l?d?i] 术语node-voltage method [n?ud] 节点电压方法special cases ['spe??l] 特例mesh-current method [me?] 网格电流方法source transformations [,tr?nsf?'mei??n] 源变化maximum ['m?ksim?m] 最大的superposition 叠加operational amplifier [,?p?'rei??n?l] 运算放大器terminal ['t?:minl] 终端strain gages [strein] 应力仪inverting-amplifier circuit ['?mplifai?] 反相放大电路summing-amplifier circuit 加法放大电路noninverting-amplifier circuit 正向放大电路difference-amplifier circuit ['dif?r?ns] 差分放大电路proximity switch [pr?k'simiti] 接近开关inductor [in'd?kt?] 电感器capacitor [k?'p?sit?] 电容器inductance and capacitance [in'd?kt?ns] 电感和电容mutual inductance ['mju:t?u?l] 互感flashing light circuit 闪光电路natural response ['n?t??r?l] 自然响应。
