被动语态的翻译
教学内容
1、英语中常用被动语态的情况
Why passive voice is used in English?
2、汉语中被动意义的表现方式
How the sense of “passiveness” is conveyed in Chinese
3、英语被动语态的翻译
Memo
Suppose a little boy broke someone’s window.
1. Your son broke my window.
2. The window was broken by your son.
Notes: If the owner of the house wants to complain to the boy’s parent, he would say “1”;
But if he just talks about the window and does not want to trace the responsibility of the incident he
would simply say “2”.
When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The
commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and
become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon
vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of
. . . .
.
. 专业word可编辑 . 翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法
语态转换译法
1 顺译法
1.1 顺译成被动句
1.2 顺译成主动句
2 倒译法
2.1 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语
2.2 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语
2.3 倒译成汉语的无主句
3 分译法
一、顺译法
既保留原文的主语，又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。
1 顺译法 (Translation in Original Order)
1. 1 顺译成被动句
A. 译成 “被” 字
所谓“被”字句，就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被” 字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊，或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者（受事者）是不乐意或不情愿接受的。
例1：Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. . . . .
.
. 专业word可编辑 . 【译文】 维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。
例2：Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly
formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they
英语中被动句的翻译⽅法
（1) 汉语中有 被/由/叫/挨/让/给/受/遭 等词时,可译成英语被动句.
他常被派做这项⼯作. He is often sent to do this work.
你叫⾬淋湿了. Have been wetted in the rain.
这孩⼦昨天挨来了⼀顿批评. The boy was criticized yesterday.
我们的⾐服给汗⽔湿透了. Our clothes were soaked with sweat.
东西受潮了. The things have been affected with damp.
他们去年遭了灾. They were hit by a natural calamity last year.(2) 不带标记的汉语被动句
有些句⼦的主语不是动词的执⾏者,⽽是动作的承受者,结构上是主动的,但含义上确是被动的,英译时⽤被动句处理.
历史是⼈民创造的. History is made by the people.
这⾸歌是我⼀个朋友谱写的. The song was composed by a friend of mine.
这个问题必须予以处理. This matter must be dealt with.
这座桥将在今年年底建成.The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.
(3) 汉语某些习语的译法:
有些汉语习语,语态上是主动的,但英译时要⽤被动语态,特别是英语中以IT作形式主语的句式.
应该说,基本情况是健康的. It should be said that the situation is basically sound.
据报,敌⼈当时离那⾥只有⼗⾥.It is reported that the enemy were ten li away.
很明显,这计划应当取消. It is obvious that the plan should be scrapped.
第五节 被动语态，练习及其译法、阅读理解讲解
第一部分 被动语态的使用
1．主动语态变被动语态的方法
主动语态变被动语态要遵循以下的规律：“主（语）变宾（语），宾（语）变主（语），动词变‘be + done’，其余部分带下来。”
*done代表各种动词的过去分词。
e.g.: The student broke the window yesterday.
主语 动词 宾语 其余部分
The window was broken by the student yesterday.
主语 动词（be done形式） 宾语 其余部分
I am carrying a box into the room. 我正在把一个箱子搬进房间。
The box is being carried by I (me) into the room. 一个箱子正在被我搬进房间。
（主语I变成by形式，宾语a box变成主语放在句首，动词am carrying 变成is being
carried形式，而其他部分into the room带到下句,一般将by结构省略。）
2．几种特殊句型的被动语态
①含有双宾语句子的被动语态。
e.g.: I gave him a pen.
主语 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语
本句有两种变法，既可以将间接宾语变成主语(a)，有可以把直接宾语变成主语(b)。
a. You were given a pen. b. A pen was given to you.
注意将直接宾语变成主语，要用to来连接动词和间接宾语（宾格形式），切不可省略。
②含有复合宾语句子的被动语态。
