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高中英语阅读理解高难度单项选择题50题1. In the story of Einstein, it is mentioned that he was a genius in physics. But what made him stand out from other scientists was his ______.A. creativityB. curiosityC. determinationD. patience答案：A。
本题考查名词词义辨析。
创造力（creativity）是爱因斯坦区别于其他科学家的重要特质。
选项B“好奇心 curiosity）”是科学家普遍具有的品质，并非使爱因斯坦特别突出的因素；选项C“决心（determination）”在描述爱因斯坦时并非最关键的特质；选项D“耐心（patience）”也不是他最显著的特点。
阅读时需理解文段对爱因斯坦特质的描述。
2. The biography of Marie Curie shows her great contribution to science. Her discovery of radium was a result of her ______.A. luckB. intelligenceC. hard workD. chance答案：C。
本题考查名词的理解。
玛丽·居里发现镭是她努力工作hard work）的结果。
选项A“运气（luck）”不是主要原因；选项B“智慧（intelligence）”虽重要，但努力是关键；选项D“机会（chance）”不是决定性因素。
阅读时要抓住人物成就背后的关键因素。
3. When reading about Thomas Edison's life, we can know that he never gave up easily. This spirit can be described as ______.A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. persistentD. indifferent答案：C。
*Unit One Legal systemfederation联邦制federalism联邦制度/政治jurisdiction 管辖权(区)legal system 法律体系legal tradition 法律传统legal method 法律方法civil law system 大陆法系common law system 普通法系royal court 女王法庭legislation 立法petition 申请，诉求Court of Chancery 大法官法庭、衡平法庭discretion自由裁量（权）equity 衡平法Twelve Tables 十二表法Canon law 教会法source of law 法律渊源civil code 民法典private law/public law私法/公法law doctrine 法条legal education 法学教育tribunal 审判员席，法官席；特别法庭breach of contract 违反合同precedent 先例，前例predictability 可预期性legal doctrine 法律原则stare decisis 遵循先例trial court初审法院、审判法院intermediate appellate court 中级上诉法院Supreme Court of the United States Res Judicata 已决事件[已裁决的案例]reversal 撤销；推翻[下级法院的裁决]overrule 推翻判决，驳回judicial precedent 司法先例plaintiff （民事）原告defendant （民事、刑事）被告the accused (刑事) 被告a right of privacy 隐私权the losing party 败诉方bring one’s suit against sb 起诉reverse the decision 推翻裁判binding 有约束力的reasoning 推理dictum 法官的附带意见Unit Two Court Systemcourt of last resort 最高上诉法院Court of Common Pleas普通诉讼法院out-of-state lawyer州外律师inferior trial court初级法院petty trial court小型审判法院trial court of general jurisdiction 具有一般审判权的初审法院Superior Court高级法院、上级法院District Court地区法院Supreme Judicial Court最高法院diversity of citizenship多样公民身份管辖venue审判地judicial circuit巡回审判区Federal Circuit court 联邦巡回法院Court of Customs and Patent Appeals 海关和专利上诉法院en banc法庭全体法官【出庭审理案件】certiorari 调卷令barrister出庭律师solicitor初级律师prosecutor公诉人subpoena传票inquisitional审问的、审问的magistrate地方法官、治安法官Unit Three Constitutional Law vital role 重要的法条democracy 民主政体bond 合约popular sovereignty 人民主权checks and balance 制衡separation of powers 分权procedural safeguards 程序保障framer 制定者（尤指立宪者）suffrage选举权Articles of Confederation 邦联条例amendments 修正案Constitutional 宪法legislature立法机构Senate 参议院legislative power 立法权executive power 行政权judicial power 司法权necessary-and-proper clause of the Constitution 宪法中的必要性和合理性条款United States Supreme Court ruling 美国联邦最高法院的裁决powers and duties 权力和职责impeachment 弹劾Supreme Court （美）最高法院discretion 自由裁量权criminal cases 刑事案件crime of treason 叛国罪original jurisdiction 原审管辖appeal 上诉ratify 批准alteration 修改submit 提交representation 代表approval 通过resolution 决议implementation执行tyranny 专制bail 保释金；保释；保证人enactment 制定（法律）；（制定的）法律constitutional convention 宪法惯例;立宪大会authority权力due process 正当法律程序full faith and credit 完全的信赖和尊重privileges and immunities clause 特权和免责条款process of amendments 宪法修正程序national convention 全国性修宪会议judicial review 司法审查Unit Three ＢJurisdiction n.司法管辖区judicial review n.司法审查government structure 政府结构hierarchy n.等级制度precedence n.先例the Senate 参议院commission n.委任状mandate n./ vt.命令；授权a writ of mandamus上级法院给下级法院的训令appointment n.任命；约定；任命的职位tenure n.任期；vt.授予…终身职位desegregation n.废止种族歧视nullify vt.使无效，作废；取消judiciary n. 司法部门、制度statute n.制定法；法律vest v.授予；归于cede vt.放弃、割让rescind vi.废除；撤回；解除fraudulent adj.诈骗性的thwart vt.妨碍、挫败acquiesce vi.默认、默许sidestep vt.回避syllogism n.推论；诡计supremacy clause 最高条款constitutional right 宪法权利constitutional crisis 宪法危机constitutional interpretation 宪法性解释congressional enactment 议会颁布的法令criminal proceeding 刑事诉讼程序the Judiciary Act 司法法executive privilege行政特权Unit Four Criminal Law restitution 返还原物；恢复原状；tort 侵权civil/crime wrong 民事不法行为/刑事违法press charges/bring charges 起诉prosecutor 公诉人general/special/punitive/exemplary damages 一般/特别/惩罚性/惩戒性损害赔偿金substantive/procedural law 实体法/程序法statute/ordinance 制定法，成文法/条例，法令apprehension 逮捕Miranda warnings 米兰达警告felony/misdemeanor/infraction 重罪/轻罪/一般性违法Incarceration 监禁，下狱motive (犯罪) 动机intent (犯罪/侵权)故意mens rea 犯意actus reus 犯罪行为causation 因果关系acquittal 无罪判决，宣告无罪justifiable 可证明是正当的commission 犯下（罪行）legal concept 法律概念strict liability 严格责任制度self-defense 正当防卫criminal liability 刑事责任a first degree murder 一级谋杀罪capital punishment/death penalty 死刑the U.S Constitution 美国联邦宪法the Bill of Rights 人权宣言Amendment to Constitution宪法修正案inflict on 使、、、遭受underprivileged 享有较少权利的、被剥夺基本权利的disproportionate 不相称、不成比例aggravating circumstance 加重情节a first degree murder 一级谋杀mitigating circumstance 减轻情节judicial review 司法审查sentencing discretion判决自由权irrevocable 不可撤销unconstitutional 违宪的deliberately 故意地a bank robbery 银行抢劫beyond a reasonable doubt 排除合理怀疑imprisonment 监禁detention 拘留fine 罚金court costs 堂费Equal Protection Clause 平等保护条款be vested with wide discretion 被授予广泛的自由裁量权legislative enactment 立法statutory ceiling 法定上限forfeiture 没收；没收物; 罚金economic sanction 经济制裁contraband 违禁品Uniform Controlled Substance Act 统一控制物质法Unit Five Criminal Procedurepresumption of innocence 无罪推定self-incrimination 自证其罪adversary system 对抗制；inquisitorial system 纠问制preventive detention 防范性监禁double jeopardy 双重追诉的危险search and seizure 搜查和查封actus reus 犯罪行为mens Rea 犯意bill of information起诉书complaint 诉状the grand jury process 大陪审团程序booking 登记arrest 拘留in custody 被监管；被拘留contraband 违禁品preliminary investigation 初步调查decision to prosecuted 提起指控的决定the initial appearance 首次开庭formal indictment 正式起诉书preliminary hearing 预审the arraignment 传讯insanity 精神错乱bench trial 无陪审团的庭审/法官审判voir dire /selection of jury筛选陪审团opening statement 开庭陈述the prosecutor’s case 公诉人举证motion for a directed verdict 直接裁决的动议the defendant’s present ation辩护词closing arguments 结案陈词jury instruction 陪审团指令jury deliberation 陪审团审议probation 缓刑voluntary/involuntary manslaughter 故意/过失杀人verdict 陪审团的判断、裁定sentence 宣判、判决sentencing guide 量刑指南capital punishment/capital sentence 死刑appeal 控诉、上诉search warrant 搜查令breach the precedent 打破先例good-faith exception 善意例外exclusionary rule 排除原则justiceships 大法官地位（职务、任期）chief justice 审判长、首席法官、法院院长brutal physical force残酷的体罚corporal/physical punishment体罚arbitration 仲裁coerced confession 强迫认罪adjudication 判决、宣告Unit Six Civil Procedureprocedure 诉讼程序action 诉讼(多指民事诉讼);行为，作为wrong不法行为(侵犯个人的不法行为; 公共不法行为)citation法院传票; 警方传讯; 引注ordinance （地方政府）条例,法令homicide 杀人felony 重罪、misdemeanor 轻罪custody监管、监护；羁押；拘禁；监禁custodian 监护人applicable law适用的法律appellate courts 上诉法院burden of proof 举证责任cross-examinations 交叉质证direct-examination 直接质证directed verdict 直接裁决debtor 债务人default 缺席demurrer抗辩execution 执行federal courts 联邦法院motions 议案/动议pleading theory辩护理论personal injury人身伤害property damage财产损害personal jurisdiction属人管辖replead再辩护the parties 当事人sheriff 警长治安官trial court 初审法院trial stage 庭审阶段Unit Eight Tort Lawwarden 警卫；典狱长；监狱长confinement 限制；监禁；拘禁；关押lawsuit 诉讼(尤指非刑事案件) tortfeasor 侵权行为者arguably 可论证的fallibility 不可靠，易混admonitory 警告的、劝诫的cautionary 警戒的substantive 有实质的，独立的litigation 诉讼，起诉sue （民事）起诉punitive damage 惩罚性赔偿compensatory damages补偿性赔偿金circuit court of appeals 巡回上诉法院Unit 8civil wrong 民事不法行为damages赔偿金act or omission 作为和不作为tort liability/ contract liability 侵权责任／合同责任intentional tort故意侵权personal/property tort人身／财产侵权compensatory/punitiv /exemplary damages 补偿／惩罚／惩戒性赔偿金state of mind主观状态circumstantial evidence间接证据false imprisonment 非法监禁trespass to land/ chattels侵入领地／动产right to exclusive use of land 土地的排他性使用权ownership 所有权charge 控罪physical harm 身体伤害standard of care/duty of care注意的标准／义务contributory /comparative negligence 共同／相对过失assumption of the risk 自我承担危险proximate cause近因foreseeablity可预见性actionable 可诉的tortuous/intervening act侵权行为／介入行为strict liability 严格责任privity of contract合同的私密条款deformation/ slander/libel 诽谤／口头／书面诽谤Jury(petty) jury 陪审团grand jury 大陪审团jury trial 陪审团审判right to jury 拥有陪审团审判的权利hung jury 悬案陪审团dismiss a jury 解散陪审团challenge for cause 有因回避peremptory challenges无因回避jury box 陪审团席位jury oath 陪审团宣誓jury selection 挑选陪审团potential/perspective juror 潜在的陪审团成员impartial jury 公正的陪审团jury of one’s peers同阶陪审团（指陪审团成员必须是与被审判者有相同社会背景、处于同一阶层的人员）jury pool待选陪审员库jury summon 陪审团传票juror 陪审团成员bailiff 法警jury instruction/ jury charge（法官）对陪审团的指令deliberation （陪审团）审议unanimous decision 全体一致的裁决simple majority 简单多数Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution 美国宪法第五修正案guilty decision 有罪裁决verdict （陪审团）裁决foreman of the jury 陪审团团长render the verdict （陪审团向法庭）提交裁决speak the verdict （陪审团团长在法庭）宣读裁决fact-finder 事实的发现者jury box 陪审团席位jury room 陪审团审议时witness 证人testimony 证词common sense 常识state attorney 检察官true bill （大陪审团签发的）予以起诉书no bill （大陪审团签发的）不予以起诉书summary judgment 即决判决Jurisdiction n.司法权，审判权，管辖权under the jurisdiction of the trial courtThe court has jurisdiction over this case.territorial/hierarchy/inferior/general/specialized/appellate jurisdiction地域/级别/有限/一般/特殊/上诉管辖权adj. Judicial 法庭的，司法的，法官的a judicial inquiry/review/system 法庭的审讯、复审、司法制度judicial relief 司法救济n. judiciary 一国的法官总称Apply vi/vt实施，适用apply a law/rule 执行法律、规则apply local customs 适用当地的风俗习惯The regulations and rules of local governments apply within respective jurisdiction. apply for a retrial/deferment 申请再审/延期n. application 实施，生效the strict application of the law 严明执法adj. （作表语）applicable可适用be applicable to sb/sthDecision n.判决=judgmentLegislation n.[u]立法legislation of the People’s Congress 人大立法make new legislation=enact a new lawvi. legislate legislate for/agist sthadj. legislative legislative reform 立法改革Procedure n.法律程序civil procedure 民事诉讼程序（对比proceedings 诉讼过程：proceedings against sb/for sth）adj. Procedural procedural rules 程序规则Amend vt.修改Amend the existing/current law 修改现行法=make amendments to the current law Subject n. 法律主体Petition vt/vi 向。
Crime is a complex social issue that has been a subject of concern for societies throughout history.There are numerous factors that contribute to the occurrence of criminal behavior,and understanding these reasons is crucial for developing effective strategies to prevent and reduce crime.Here are some of the key factors that are often discussed in the context of criminal behavior:1.Economic Factors:Poverty is often cited as a significant factor leading to crime. Individuals who are struggling to meet basic needs may resort to illegal activities to provide for themselves and their families.2.Social Disorganization:Communities with high levels of social disorganization, characterized by weak social bonds and lack of community cohesion,are more prone to crime.This can be due to rapid population changes,high residential mobility,and a lack of community engagement.cational Deficits:A lack of access to quality education can limit an individuals opportunities and contribute to a cycle of poverty and crime.Low literacy rates and poor educational outcomes are often linked to higher crime rates.4.Family Environment:Dysfunctional family structures,such as those with a history of abuse,neglect,or absence of parental guidance,can lead to behavioral problems and an increased likelihood of criminal activity.5.Peer Influence:The influence of peers can be a strong determinant of criminal behavior,especially during adolescence.Associating with a group that engages in delinquent activities can increase an individuals risk of becoming involved in crime.6.Cultural Factors:Cultural norms and values can shape attitudes towards crime.In some cases,certain behaviors may be more tolerated or even encouraged within specific cultural contexts.7.Psychological Factors:Mental health issues,personality disorders,and other psychological factors can contribute to criminal behavior.Individuals with untreated mental health conditions may be more prone to engage in criminal activities.8.Substance Abuse:Addiction to drugs or alcohol can lead individuals to commit crimes in order to support their habits or as a result of impaired judgment and decisionmaking abilities.9.Inequality and Discrimination:Socioeconomic inequality and systemic discriminationcan create feelings of marginalization and hopelessness,which may drive some individuals towards criminal behavior as a means of survival or rebellion.ck of Opportunities:Limited access to employment,education,and other opportunities can lead to frustration and a sense of powerlessness,which may result in criminal activities as a way to assert control or gain resources.11.Criminal Justice System:The way the criminal justice system operates can also influence crime rates.Perceptions of leniency or harshness,as well as the effectiveness of law enforcement and the judicial process,can impact the likelihood of individuals engaging in criminal behavior.12.Media and Technology:The portrayal of crime in the media and the accessibility of criminal techniques through technology can desensitize individuals to the consequences of criminal behavior and potentially encourage some to engage in such activities. Addressing the root causes of crime requires a multifaceted approach that includes social, economic,and educational interventions,as well as mental health support and community engagement initiatives.By understanding and addressing these factors,societies can work towards reducing crime and creating safer,more equitable environments for all.。
Reducing crime is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach.Here are some key strategies that can be employed to decrease criminal activities:cation and Awareness:Educating the public about the consequences of crime and promoting awareness about legal rights and responsibilities can deter potential offenders.2.Economic Opportunities:Providing job opportunities and vocational training can reduce the economic pressures that might lead individuals to engage in criminal activities.munity Policing:Building trust between the police and the community can lead to better cooperation in preventing and solving crimes.Officers who are familiar with the community can be more effective in identifying and addressing potential criminal behavior.4.Youth Programs:Engaging young people in constructive activities such as sports,arts, and mentorship programs can provide positive outlets and reduce the likelihood of them turning to crime.5.Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention:Substance abuse is often linked to criminal behavior.Programs that address addiction and provide support for recovery can help reduce crime rates.6.Mental Health Support:Providing access to mental health services can help identify and treat individuals who may be at risk of committing crimes due to mental health issues.7.Urban Planning:Designing communities with safety in mind,such as welllit streets and public spaces,can deter criminal activity by making it more difficult for criminals to operate unnoticed.8.Criminal Justice Reform:Ensuring that the criminal justice system is fair and effective can help to reduce recidivism rates.This includes providing rehabilitation programs for offenders and ensuring that sentences are proportionate to the crimes committed.9.Technology and Surveillance:The use of technology,such as CCTV cameras and data analytics,can help law enforcement agencies to monitor and respond to criminal activities more effectively.10.Restorative Justice:Instead of focusing solely on punishment,restorative justice programs aim to repair the harm caused by criminal behavior.This approach can involve victims,offenders,and the community in the process of healing and reconciliation.11.PublicPrivate Partnerships:Collaborations between government agencies and private organizations can pool resources and expertise to tackle crime more effectively.12.Cultural Sensitivity:Understanding and respecting cultural differences within a community can help to address the root causes of crime and build bridges between different groups.By implementing these strategies,societies can work towards creating a safer environment for all citizens and reducing the overall incidence of crime.。
调查犯罪英文作文Crime is a serious issue that affects many people in our society. It can take many forms, from petty theft to violent assault. The impact of crime can be devastating, leaving victims feeling vulnerable and afraid.When it comes to solving crimes, the police play a crucial role. They are responsible for investigating incidents, gathering evidence, and apprehending suspects. However, their job is not easy, and they often face challenges such as lack of resources and resistance from the community.In recent years, technology has played a significant role in fighting crime. Surveillance cameras, DNA analysis, and other forensic tools have helped law enforcement agencies to identify and apprehend criminals. However, criminals are also becoming more sophisticated in their methods, using technology to commit cybercrimes and evade detection.One of the most concerning aspects of crime is its impact on young people. Many young individuals become involved in criminal activities due to a lack of opportunities, peer pressure, or a difficult home environment. It is essential to provide support andguidance to these young people to prevent them from going down the wrong path.In conclusion, crime is a complex and pervasive issue that requires a multi-faceted approach to address. Itaffects individuals, families, and communities, and its impact can be long-lasting. By working together, we can strive to create a safer and more just society for everyone.。
关于犯罪率的上升的原因的英语作文The increase in crime rate is a concerning issue that plagues many societies around the world. There are several factors that contribute to the rise in crime rates, and it is important to understand these factors in order to address the problem effectively.One of the primary reasons for the rise in crime rate is socio-economic inequality. When people feel marginalized and disenfranchised, they may turn to crime as a means of survival or as a way to gain a sense of power and control. In many cases, individuals who come from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to engage in criminal activities as they see few other options for improving their circumstances.Another factor that contributes to the rise in crime rate is substance abuse. Drug and alcohol addiction can lead individuals to engage in illegal activities in order to support their habits. Substance abuse not only impairs judgment anddecision-making, but it can also fuel violent behavior. This can lead to an increase in various types of crimes, including theft, assault, and even homicide.Additionally, the breakdown of family structures can also contribute to an increase in crime rates. Children who grow up in environments where they lack parental supervision and support are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior. Without positive role models and guidance, young people may be more vulnerable to becoming involved in criminal activities.Furthermore, the prevalence of mental health issues can also be a contributing factor to the rise in crime rate. Individuals who suffer from mental illnesses may not have access to proper treatment and support, which can lead to erratic and potentially dangerous behavior. Without adequate mental health services, these individuals may be more likely to engage in criminal activities.Lastly, the proliferation of illegal firearms can also contribute to the rise in crime rate. Easy access to guns makes it easier for individuals to commit violent crimes, such as robbery and homicide. The presence of firearms in communities can escalate conflicts and increase the potential for lethal outcomes.In conclusion, there are various factors that contribute to the rise in crime rate, including socio-economic inequality, substance abuse, breakdown of family structures, mental health issues, and the proliferation of illegal firearms. Addressing these issuesrequires a multifaceted approach that involves investment in social welfare programs, substance abuse treatment, mental health services, and efforts to reduce the availability of illegal firearms. By addressing these underlying factors, societies can work towards reducing crime rates and creating safer communities for all.。
关于犯罪率的英语作文英文回答：1. What are some of the major factors that contribute to high crime rates?There are several major factors that contribute to high crime rates. One of the most important factors is poverty. People who live in poverty-stricken areas often turn to crime as a means of survival. Lack of education and job opportunities can also contribute to high crime rates. In addition, drug and alcohol abuse, as well as mental health issues, can also lead to criminal behavior.2. How do governments and law enforcement agencies tryto reduce crime rates?Governments and law enforcement agencies take various measures to reduce crime rates. They invest in education and job creation programs to provide people with better opportunities. They also increase police presence in high crime areas and use technology to prevent and solve crimes. Additionally, they work to improve community relations tobuild trust and cooperation between law enforcement and the public.3. How effective are these measures in reducing crime rates?The effectiveness of these measures in reducing crime rates varies depending on the specific circumstances. In some cases, these measures can be highly effective,resulting in significant reductions in crime rates. However, in other cases, these measures may be less effective oreven counterproductive. For example, increased police presence in some communities can lead to a breakdown intrust between law enforcement and the public, which can actually increase crime rates.4. Are there any alternative approaches to reducingcrime rates?Yes, there are alternative approaches to reducing crime rates. One approach is to focus on addressing the root causes of crime, such as poverty, lack of education, and mental health issues. This can involve investing in social programs that provide people with the support and resources they need to succeed. Another approach is to userestorative justice practices, which emphasize repairing harm and rebuilding relationships rather than punishment.中文回答：1. 有哪些主要因素导致了高犯罪率？导致高犯罪率的主要因素有几个。
Police officers play a crucial role in maintaining law and order in society.Here is an introduction to ten different types of police officers,highlighting their unique responsibilities and contributions:1.Patrol Officer:The backbone of any police force,patrol officers are the first responders to calls for service.They are responsible for patrolling neighborhoods,responding to emergencies,and ensuring public safety.2.Detective:Detectives specialize in investigating crimes.They collect evidence, interview witnesses,and work closely with forensic experts to solve cases.Their analytical skills and attention to detail are key to their success.3.Traffic Officer:These officers are responsible for enforcing traffic laws and ensuring the safe flow of traffic.They handle traffic violations,accidents,and congestion issues.4.K9Officer:K9officers work alongside specially trained police dogs.These dogs are used for various tasks,including search and rescue,drug detection,and apprehension of suspects.5.SWAT Officer:Special Weapons and Tactics SWAT officers are part of elite units trained to handle highrisk situations,such as hostage rescues,terrorist incidents,and barricaded suspects.6.Bike Patrol Officer:Bike patrol officers use bicycles for patrolling areas that are not easily accessible by car.They are often deployed in parks,crowded events,and urban areas.7.Mounted Police Officer:These officers work with horses and are often used for crowd control during large events,parades,and protests.They can also assist in search and rescue operations.8.Undercover Officer:Undercover officers work in secret to infiltrate criminal organizations.They gather intelligence and build cases against criminals without their knowledge.9.Forensics Officer:Specializing in the scientific aspect of crime solving,forensics officers collect and analyze evidence from crime scenes.Their findings can be crucial in solving cases and convicting criminals.munity Service Officer:These officers focus on building relationships within thecommunity.They often handle nonemergency calls,provide education on safety,and assist with community programs.Each type of police officer brings a unique set of skills and expertise to the force, contributing to the overall goal of protecting and serving the public.Their dedication and commitment are essential to the functioning of a safe and orderly society.。
个人、商业保险中英文术语词汇表AAbandonment 委付Absolute assignment 完全转让Accelerated death benefit 加速死亡给付Accident 意外事故Accidental death benefit 意外死亡保险金Accounts receivable coverage form 应收账款保单Actual cash value (ACV)实际现金价值Actual cash value 实际现金价值Actual Cash Value-Mobile home 实际现金价值-活动房屋Additional auto 新增车辆Additional insured endorsement 附加被保险人批单Additional interests-residence premises endorsement 额外利益-住宅房产批单Additional limits of liability coverages A, B, C and D 保障A 、B、C、D 额外责任限额批单Additional residence rented to others endorsement 其他出租住宅批单Advertising injury 传播性伤害Aggregate excess 累计超额Aggregate limit 累计限额Agreed value 议定价值Aircraft insurance 飞机保险All-risk 一切险Alteration 改动American Association of Insurance Service 美国保险服务协会Annual transit policy 年度货物运输保单Annuity 年xxAppraisal 估价、公估Arbitration 仲裁Assignment Clause 转让条款Assignment 转让Assumption of liability 承担责任Auto insurance plan 汽车保险计划Auto physical damage 汽车车身物质损失Auto 汽车Automatic premium loan provision 自动保费贷款条款Avoidance 规避BBailee customers policy 委托人顾客保单Bailee 受托人Bailor 寄托人Basic medical expense coverage 基本医疗费用保障Beachfront and windstorm plan 海滨地区和暴风雨计划Beneficiary designations 受益人指定条款Betterment 改良Bid bonds 投标保证Bill of lading 提单Blackout period 社会保障津贴暂停期Blanket insurance 总括保险Bobtail and deadhead coverage 短尾呆头保障Bodily injury 人身伤害Boiler and machinery coverage form 锅炉和机器保障格式Boiler and machinery insurance 锅炉和机器保险Boiler 锅炉Bonds 债券BOP special property coverage form 企业所有人保险单特别财产保障格式BOP standard property coverage form 企业所有人保险单标准财产保障格式Breach of contract 违约Broad theft coverage 扩展盗窃险Builders risk coverage form 建筑商风险保障格式Building and personal property coverage form(BPP)建筑商和个人财产保障格式Building 建筑物Burglary and robbery optional coverage 盗窃和抢劫选择性保障Burglary 盗窃Business auto coverage form 商业汽车保障格式Business owners liability coverage form 企业所有人责任保障格式Business owners policy (BOP)企业所有人保险单Business personal property 商用个人财产Business pursuits endorsement 商业事务批单CCalendar-year deductible 日历年度免赔额Camera and musical instrument dealer coverage form 照相机和乐器经销商保单格式Cancellation 撤销（保单）Capital appreciation 资本升值Car pools 汽车合用组织Cargo war risk policy 货物运输战争风险保单Cause of loss 损失原因Causes of loss forms 损失原因格式Causes of loss-basic form 损失原因-基本格式Causes of loss-broad form 损失原因-广义格式Causes of loss-earthquake form 损失原因-地震保单Causes of loss-special form 损失原因-特殊格式Civil law 民法Claim expenses 理赔费用Claims-made coverage trigger 提出索赔式触发机制Class beneficiary 集体受益人Class code 类别号Class rating 分级费率Coinsurance 共同保险（共保）Collapse 倒塌Collateral assignment 担保性转让Collision coverage 碰撞保障Collision damage waiver 碰撞损失弃权书Collision insurance 碰撞保险Collision 碰撞Combined single limit 综合单一限额Commercial automobile insurance 商业汽车保险Commercial crime insurance 商业犯罪保险Commercial general liability insurance 商业普通责任保险Commercial insurance 商业保险Commercial Lines Manual (CML)商业保险手册Commercial package policy(CPP)商业一揽子保险保单Commercial property conditions form 商业财产保险条件格式Commercial property conditions 商业财产保险承保条件Commercial property coverage form 商业财产保障格式Commercial property coverage part 商业财产保障部分Commercial property declaration page 商业财产保单声明页Commercial property insurance 商业财产保险Common carriers 一般承运人Common policy conditions 一般保单条件Common stock 普通股Comparative negligence law 比较过失法Compensatory damages 补偿性损害赔偿金Competive state funds 竞争性州基金Completed operations liability exposure 完工责任风险Comprehensive coverage 综合保障Compulsory insurance law 强制保险法Computer fraud 计算机行窃Concealment 隐瞒Concurrent causation 并发损失Conditionally renewable条件可续保Condominium association coverage form 共有产权机构保单格式Condominium association insurance 共管住宅协会保险Condominium master policy 共管住宅业主保单Condominium units 共管住宅单位Condominium 共管住宅Consequential damage endorsement 后续损失批单Contingent beneficiary 或有受益人Continuing expenses 继续发生的费用Contract bonds 合同保证Contract carriers 合同承运人Contract 合同Contractors equipment floater 承运人设备运输保险Contractual liability 合同责任Contributory negligence law 共有过失法Contributory plan 分摊型计划Convertible 可转换Cooperative unit 共有单元Coordination-of-benefit provision 协调给付条款Corridor deductible 通道免赔额Cost-of-living rider 生活成本调整附加条款Court bond 法庭担保Coverage C increased special limits of liability 保障C提高特殊责任限额批单Coverage for damage to your auto (Max limit of liability) endorsement 车辆损失险（最大责任限额）批单Coverage for damage to your auto 车辆损失险Coverage for excess sound reproducing equipment,audio visual and data electronic equipment,and tapes, records, disks and other media endorsement 额外的声音复制设备，声频，视频及数据电子设备，磁带、录制品唱片以及其他媒介保险批单Coverage symbols 承保标志Credit card, fund transfer card, forgery and counterfeit money coverage endorsement 信用卡、转账卡、伪造品和伪币保险批单Credit card, fund transfer card, forgery and counterfeit money 信用卡、转账卡、伪造品和伪币Crime insurance 犯罪保险Criminal law 刑法Current assumption whole life insurance 当期假设终身寿险Current interest rate 当期利率Currently insured 目前被保险Custodian 管理人Customizing equipment coverage endorsement 定制设备保险批单DDamages 损害赔偿金Damages 损失Debris removal 损遗物清理Declaration 说明Decreasing term insurance 保额递减型定期寿险Deferred annuity 延期年金Defined benefit plan 规定收益计划Defined contribution plan 规定缴费计划Dental insurance 牙科保险Dependency period 依赖期Dependent property exposures 连带财产风险（间接营业中断风险）Destruction 毁坏DIC, difference in conditions policy 补足保险保单Difference in conditions (DIC) insurance 补足保险Difference in conditions (DIC) policy 补足保险保单Diminution in value 贬值Directors and officers liability policies 董事和经理人责任保险单Disability insured 伤残被保险Disappear 消失Discovery period 发现期Dismemberment 失能Diversification 多元化Dividend options 红利支付选择权条款Drop down coverage 顺延责任保障Dwelling policy 住宅保单EEach occurrence limit 每一事件限额Earthquake endorsement 地震批单Education IRA 教育IRAElectronic data processing (EDP) equipment floater 电子数据处理设备运输流动保单Eligibility period 资格期Elimination period 免责期间Emergency program 紧急计划Employee benefits liability insurance 雇员福利责任保险Employee dishonesty optional coverage 雇员欺诈行为选择性保障Employee dishonesty 雇员不忠诚Employee 雇员Employers non ownership liability 非雇主所有的汽车责任Employment practices liability insurance 雇用行为责任保险Endorsement 批单Ensuing losses 继发损失Equipment dealers coverage form 设备经销商保单格式Errors and omissions liability policy 过错和遗漏责任保单Estate clearance fund 遗产清理基金Estate settlement 遗产分配Evidence of insurability 可保性证明Excess liability policies 超额责任保单Exclusive provider organization 专门供应者组织Expediting expenses 加速费用Experience rating plan 经验费率计划Exposure 风险，风险载体Extended non-owned coverage for named individual endorsement 为记名被保险人扩展非自有车辆责任批单Extended period of indemnity 补偿的延长期期限Extended reporting period 延长报告期Extended term insurance 展期保险Exterior glass optional coverage 外部玻璃选择性保障Extortion 敲诈勒索Extra expense coverage form 额外费用保障格式Extra expenses 额外费用Extraterritorial provisions 治外法权条款FFAIR plans, beachfront and windstorm plans 公平保险需求计划（FAIR），海岸及风暴计划FAIR, Fair Access to Insurance Requirements Plans 公平保险需求计划Farm insurance policies 农场保险保单Farm insurance 农场保险Farmers personal liability endorsement 农场主个人责任批单Fatality rate 事故死亡率FDIC, federal deposit insurance corporation 联邦储蓄保险公司Federal surety bond 联邦保证保险FEMA 联邦紧急事务管理局Fiduciary bond 信托担保Fiduciary liability insurance 信托责任保险Film coverage form 影视保单Financial institution bonds 金融机构保证保险Financial planning 财务计划Financial responsibility 经济责任法Finish stock 制成品存货Fire damage limit 火损限额Fire department service charge 消防费用Fire department service charge 消防局服务费用Fire legal liability coverage 火宅法律责任保障First named insured 第一指定被保险人First party insurance 第一方保险First-party insurance 第一方汽车责任保险Fixed annuity 定额年xxFixed-amount option 固定给付金额方式Fixed-period option 固定给付期限方式Flat deductibles 统一免赔额Flexible-premium annuity 可变保费年金Flood insurance policies 洪水保险保单Floor plan coverage form 抵押物保单格式Forgery 伪造Freight 运费Friendly fire 善意之火Functional replacement cost 同功能重置成本GGarage business 汽车经营业务Garage coverage form 汽车服务商保单Garage keepers insurance 车辆照管人保险Garage policy 车库保险General aggregate limit 全部累计限额General average 共同海损General damages 一般损害赔偿金General provision 一般条款Glass coverage form 玻璃保险Glass or safety glazing material 玻璃或安全玻璃材料Grace period 宽限期Guaranteed cost policies 成本保证保单Guaranteed insurability 保证可保性Guaranteed renewable 保证可续保HHealth insurance, including Medicare 健康保险，包括政府医疗保障保险Health maintenance organization 健康维持组织Highly protected risks 高度保护风险HO- 6 unit-owners form HO-6共同所有者格式HO-2 broad form HO-2广义格式HO-4 contents broad form HO-4室内物品扩展格式HO-8 modified coverage form HO-8修改的承保范围格式Hold harmless agreement 免除伤害协议Home business endorsement 家庭商业保险批单Home business insurance coverage endorsement 家庭商业保险保障批单Home day care coverage endorsement 家庭日托保险批单Homeowner policy 屋主保单Homeowners 3 special form 屋主保单3号特殊格式Hospital expense insurance 住院费用保险Hostile fire 恶意之火HPR insurance 高度保护风险保单Hull insurance 船舶保险Hull 船体Human loss exposure 人身损失风险（载体）IImmediate annuity 即期年金Implied permission 默认许可Improvements and betterments 提高和改良Incidental farming personal liability endorsement 附属性农场个人责任批单Incidental motorized land conveyance endorsement 偶用机动化陆地交通工具批单Incontestable clause 不可争条款Increased limit on personal property in other residence endorsement其他居所个人财产提高责任限额批单Independent contractor 独立订约人Inflation guard endorsement 抵消通货膨胀批单Inflation guard 通货膨胀保护Inland marine insurance 内陆运输保险Installation floater 安装流动保单Insurable interest 可保利益Insured contract 被保险合同Insured location 承保区域Insured status 被保险资格Intentional tort 故意侵权Interest option 利息给付方式Interest-sensitive life insurance 利率敏感型寿险Interior glass optional coverage 内部玻璃选择性保障Investing 投资Investment risk 投资风险Irrevocable beneficiary 不可变更受益人ISO, Insurance Service Office 保险服务局ISO’s homeowners policy program manual ISO屋主保单计划手册JJewelers block coverage form 珠宝保单格式JUAs 联合承保协会Judgment rating 判断定费发Judicial bond 司法保证KKeogh plan 基奥计划LLandlords’ furnishings 房东的家具Legal liability 法律责任Liability coverage 责任险Liberalization clause 自动承保条款License bond 执照担保Lien holder 留置权人Life insurance amount 人寿保险限额Life insurance 人寿保险Limited Mexico coverage endorsement 有限制的墨西哥保险批单Limited payment life insurance 限期缴费终身寿险Limited theft coverage 有限盗窃险Line of business 业务范围Liquidity 流动性Liquor liability coverage form 酒类责任保单格式Litigation 起诉Livestock collision coverage endorsement 家畜碰撞险批单Long-term care insurance 长期护理保险Loss adjustment endorsement 损失调整批单Loss assessment coverage endorsement 损失追征金保险批单Loss assessment coverage 损失评估保障Loss assessment 损失追征金Loss conditions 损失条件Loss control 损失控制Loss cost 损失费用Loss exposure 损失风险Loss prevention 防损Loss reduction 减损MMail coverage form 邮件保单Maintenance bond 维修保证Maintenance of underlying insurance condition 维持基本保险条件Maintenance of underlying insurance condition 下层保单的维持条件Major medical insurance 大宗医疗费用保险Managed care plans 管理医疗计划Marine extension clauses 海上保险扩展保障条款Marine insurance 运输保险Market value 市场价值Master deed 业主证书Material fact 重要事实Material misrepresentation 重大不实告知Maximum period of indemnity 最长补偿期限Maximum probable loss (MPL)最大可能损失Mechanical breakdown optional coverage 机械故障选择性保障Medicaid 政府医疗补助计划Medical expense limit 医疗费用限额Medical payment coverage 医疗费用赔偿险Medical payment insurance 医疗给付保险Medical payments to others 他人医疗费用保险Medicare 政府医疗保障计划Messenger 信使Mint condition 完好无损Miscellaneous real property coverage 混合不动产保障Miscellaneous type vehicle amendment(motor home)其他车辆修正批单（移动房车）Miscellaneous type vehicle endorsement 多种车辆保险Miscellaneous type vehicle endorsement 其他车辆保险批单Misrepresentation 不实告知Misrepresentation 误告Misstatement of age or sex 年龄或性别误报条款Mobile equipment 机动设备Mobile home endorsement 活动房屋批单Mobile home insurance 活动房屋保险Mobile home lienholder’s single interest 活动房屋留置权人单方面利益Money and securities optional coverage 货币和证券选择性保障Money purchase pension plan 保费基准制养老金计划Money 现金Monocline policy 单一保险保单Monopolistic state funds 垄断性州基金Monthly limit of indemnity 每月补偿限额Moral hazard 道德风险Motor carrier coverage form机动车承运人保单格式Motor truck cargo insurance 卡车货运保险Multistate revisions 多州修订本Mutual funds 共同基金NNamed insured 记名被保险人National Council on Compensation Insurance 美国劳工保险委员会National flood insurance program (NFIP)全国洪水保险计划National flood insurance program, NFIP国家洪水保险计划National security Council 国家安全理事会Nationwide marine definition 全国范围运输定义Needs approach 需求法Net worth 净财富Newly acquired auto 新置车辆No-fault automobile insurance 无过失汽车保险Non cancelable 不可撤销Non forfeiture options 不丧失价值选择权条款Nonfiled policies 非归档保单Noninsurance transfer 非保险风险转移Non-owned auto 非自有车辆Nonparticipating policies 非分红型保单Nonrenewable 拒绝xxOObject definitions endorsements 对象定义批单Object 对象Obligee 权利人Occurrence coverage trigger 事故发生式触发机制Occurrence limit 事故限额Occurrence 事件Ocean marine insurance 海洋运输保险Open cargo policy 预约货物运输保单Operation 经营Operations liability exposure 业务经营责任保险Ordinance or law coverage 法令或法律保险Ordinance or law 法令或法律Ordinance or law-increased amount of coverage endorsement 法令或法律—提高保险金额批单Ordinance or law-increased period of restoration endorsement 法令或法律增加的恢复期间批单Ordinary life insurance 普通寿险Ordinary payroll limitation or exclusion endorsement 普通工人工资限制或除外责任批单Other insurance 其他保险Other structure 其他建筑Other structure-increased limits endorsement 其他建筑—提高责任限额批单Other-than-collision loss 非碰撞损失Outdoor signs optional coverage 室外标志选择性保障Out-of-state coverage 州外保险Owner-operators 所有者-运营者Owners and contractors protective liability coverage 所有人和承包商保护性责任批单PPackage modification factors 一揽子保单修正系数Package policy 一揽子保险保单Paid-up additions 增额缴清保险Participating policies 分红型保单Particular average 单独海损Payment bond 支付保证Peak season limit of insurance endorsement 高峰季节保险金额批单Performance bond 履约保证Peril 风险事故Perils of the seas 海上危险Period of restoration 恢复期间Permanent partial disability永久部分残疾Permanent total disability 永久全残Permit bond 允许担保Permitted incidental occupancies-residence premises endorsement许可的附属性占有—住宅房产批单Permitted incidental occupancy endorsement 许可的附属性占用批单Personal and advertising injury limit 个人传播性伤害限额Personal articles floater 个人特定财产保险Personal articles floater 个人物品流动保险单Personal auto insurance 个人汽车保险Personal auto policy 个人汽车保单Personal effects floater 个人流动物品保单Personal injury endorsement 个人伤害批单Personal injury protection个人伤害保障Personal injury 个人伤害Personal insurance 个人保险Personal liability supplement 个人责任补充保险Personal loss exposure 个人损失风险，个人损失风险载体Personal property floater 个人财产流动保险单Personal property of others 他人个人财产Personal property replacement cost endorsement 个人财产重置成本批单Personal risk management 个人风险管理Personal umbrella liability insurance 个人伞式责任保险Physical coverage 车身损失险Physical damage coverage 物质损失险Physician’s visits insurance 医生诊费保险Physicians and surgeons equipments coverage form 医师用具保单格式Physicians professional liability policy 内科医生职业责任保单Pickup 小型运货车PIP endorsement 人身伤害保障批单Point-of-service plan 自选医疗服务机构计划Policy period 保单期Pollutant cleanup and removal 污染物清理和转移Pollution liability coverage form 污染责任保单格式Portability 可移植性Post judgment interest 判决后利息Power, heat, and refrigeration Endorsement 供电、加热及制冷费用批单Pre judgment interest 预断利息Pre-existing conditions 既存病况Preferred provider organization 优先供应者组织Preferred stock 优先股Premature death 早逝Premise liability exposure 营业场所责任风险Premises alarm or fire protection system endorsement 居所警报或防火系统批单Premium audit 费率审计Premium base 保费基础Preservation of property 财产保存Presumptive disability 推定伤残Principal 被保证人Principle Liability Coverage 基本责任保险Private carriers 私人承运人Private passenger auto 私人轿车Pro rata refund 比例返还Probate 遗嘱检验Products liability exposure 产品责任风险Professional liability policies 职业责任保险单Professional liability 职业责任Profit sharing plan 利润分享计划Proof of loss 损失证明Property damage 财产损坏Property exposed to loss 受险财产Property loss exposure 财产损失风险Property other than money and securities 现金和有价证券外的其他财产Property removed increased limit 提高移走财产责任限额Property removed 移走的财产Protection and indemnity (R&I) insurance 保赔保险Protection and indemnity insurance 保护和赔偿金保险Punitive damages 惩罚性损害赔偿金RRate 费率Rater 费率厘定人Rating factors 费率因素Rating 费率制定Readjustment period 重整期Real estate investment trusts(REITs)不动产投资信托Real estate 不动产Reasonable repairs 合理的修理Reduced paid-up insurance 减额缴清保险Reentry 再投保Regular program 常规计划Reinstatement clause 复效条款Reinsurance facilities 再保险机构Released value bill of lading 豁免价值提单Renewable 可xxReplacement auto 重置车辆Replacement cost 重置成本Residence employee 住所雇员Residence premises 住宅房产Residence premises-three or four family dwelling endorsement 住宅房产——由三个或四个家庭使用的住宅保险批单Residual disability 后续伤残收入减少给付Residual market 剩余市场Retention 自留Retroactive date 回溯日Retrospective rating plan 追溯费率计划Revocable beneficiary 可变更受益人Rider 附加条款Risk management 风险管理Robbery 抢劫Roth IRA 税后个人退休账户SSafe burglary 保险箱入室行窃Safe driver rating plan 驾驶者安全行驶费率计划Salvage 救助费用Saving Incentive Match Plan for Employees SIMPLE计划（匹配雇员储蓄机动计划）Saving 储蓄Scheduled article 表定财产Scheduled personal property endorsement 列举式个人财产保险批单Seasonal increase provision 季节性增加条款Securities 有价证券Self-insured retention (SIR)自保自留Self-insured retention 自保自留额SEP，simplified employee pension 简化的雇员养老金Separate account 分离账户Settlement options 赔付方式选择Severability of insurance 保险的可分性Shared market 共享市场Signs coverage form 标记物保单格式Single liability limit endorsement 单一责任限额批单Small boat policy 小型船只保单Small business boiler and machinery forms 小企业锅炉和机器保障格式Snowmobile endorsement 机动雪橇批单Social Security 社会保障Soft cost coverage 软费用保障Special coverage 特别保障Special damages 特殊损害赔偿金Special flood hazard areas 特别洪水风险地区Special personal property coverage endorsement 特别个人财产保险批单Specialty insurers 专营保险人Specific beneficiary 特定受益人Specific excess 特定超额Specific insurance 特定保险Specific rating 特定费率Specified causes of loss coverage 特定原因损失保障Specified causes of loss 特殊风险事故Split limit 分项限额Stacking 重叠Standard Coverage Homeowners Program 标准屋主保险计划Statute 法规Stop gap coverage 停止差异保障Stop-loss insurance 止损保险Stop-loss provision 止损条款Straight bill of lading 记名提单Straight life insurance 连续缴费终身寿险Strict liability 严格责任Structured settlement 结构赔付Structures rented to other endorsement 租与他人的建筑批单Subrogation 代位求偿Sue and labor clause 施救费用条款Suicide clause 自杀条款Supplementary payments 额外给付Surety bonds 保证保险Surety 保证人Surgical expense insurance 外科手术费用保险Surving spouse 遗嘱Survivor benefits 生存者津贴Suspension of insurance 保险暂停TTax-deferred retirement plans 延税退休计划Tax-sheltered annuities 避税年金Temporary partial disability 短期部分残疾Temporary substitute vehicle 暂时性替代用车Temporary total disability 短期全残Term insurance 定期寿险Theatrical property coverage form 舞台演出用具保单格式Theft 偷窃Third party insurance 第三方保险Thrift plan（or savings plan）节约计划（或储蓄计划）Time policy 定期保单Tort reform 侵权法改革Tort 侵权Total disability 全残Totally disabled 完全伤残，全残Towing and labor costs coverage endorsement 拖车及人工费保险批单Towing and labor costs coverage 拖车及人工费保险Towing coverage 拖车保障Traditional Individual Retirement Account 传统个人退休账户（IRA）Trailer interchange agreement 拖车互换协议Trailer interchange coverage 拖车互换保障Trailer 拖车Trailer/camper body coverage(maximum limit of liability)endorsement 拖车/野营挂车保险（最大责任限额）批单Transportation 交通Transportation/permission to move 运输、获准移动Trees, shrubs and other plans 树木、灌丛和其他植物Trip transit policy 单程运输保单UUmbrella and excess liability policies 伞式和超额责任保险Umbrella liability policies 伞式责任保单Umbrella policies 伞式保单Underground storage tank policy 地下贮罐保单Underinsured motorist coverage endorsement 投保不足驾驶者保险批单Underinsured motorist coverage 不足额保险驾驶人保障Underlying insurance 基本保险Underwriting loss 承保损失Underwriting 核保Unearned premium 未赚保费Uninsured motor vehicles 未投保机动车辆Uninsured boater coverage 未投保驾船者保险Uninsured motorists coverage 未保险驾驶人保障Uninsured motorists laws 未保险驾驶人法United states Long shore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act 美国海岸和港口劳工补偿法案Unit-owner coverage A 共同拥有者保障A批单Unit-owner coverage C 共同拥有者保障C批单Unit-owner rental to others 房屋租与他人共同拥有者Universal life insurance 万能寿险Unoccupied 无人居住的Unsatisfied judgment fund 未偿判决基金Usual，reasonable，and customary charges 通常、合理并符合惯例（URC）的费用Utility services-time element endorsement 公共能源和用水服务-时间因素批单VVacant 空闲的Valuable papers and records coverage form 重要文件和档案保单Value reporting form 价值报告格式Van 面包车Variable annuity 变额年金Variable life insurance 变额寿险Variable universal life insurance 变额万能寿险Verbal threshold 文字临界Vesting 受领权Vicarious liability 代理人责任Void contract 无效合同Voyage policy 航程保险单WWaiver of premium 保费豁免Warehouse to warehouse clause 仓至仓条款Watch person 看守人Water back and sumo overflow endorsement 污水倒流及排水泵溢出批单Watercraft endorsement 船只批单Watercraft insurance 船只保险Worksheet计算表Write-your-own program自承保计划YYearly renewable term insurance年可续定期寿险Your covered auto 你的被保车辆ZZone rated vehicles 地域定价汽车。
对青少年犯罪问题进行调查的英语作文Looking Into Youth CrimeHi, my name is Jamie and I'm a 5th grader at Oakwood Elementary School. For my class project this semester, I decided to learn more about the topic of kids and teenagers getting into trouble with the law by committing crimes. It's an issue that seems to be in the news a lot lately, so I wanted to better understand why it happens and what can be done about it.To start my research, I interviewed Officer Johnson from our local police department. He works a lot patrolling around schools and neighborhoods, so he sees quite a bit of youth crime first-hand. Officer Johnson said the crimes he deals with most are things like vandalism, shoplifting, underage drinking, and fighting. More serious offenses like robbery, assault, or drug dealing are less common but do still happen sometimes.I asked Officer Johnson why he thinks kids and teens commit these crimes in the first place. He said it often comes down to peer pressure, wanting to look cool or tough in front of friends. Poor decision-making skills due to an underdeveloped brain can also play a role for young people. Sometimes it's a cry for attention from kids having difficulties at home or school too.Lack of parental supervision was another big factor Officer Johnson mentioned. Kids are more likely to get into trouble when parents aren't aware of where they are and who they're hanging around with after school hours. Having too much idle time with no positive activites was highlighted as an issue as well.Next, I talked to Ms. Davis, a counselor at Mountain Ridge High School. She said living in poverty and exposure to violence, drugs, or gang activity in their neighborhood surroundings puts some youth at higher risk of turning to crime. Mental health problems like depression, anxiety, ADHD and trauma can also increase vulnerability if not properly treated and supported.Ms. Davis emphasized that the teenage years are a turbulent time of rapid physical and emotional changes, where kids are striving for independence but still lacking life experience. She said it's a crucial stage for them to develop gooddecision-making abilities and self-control, which is why stable adult role models and a nurturing environment at home and school is so vital.I also read some studies that showed patterns of antisocial behavior in childhood, including bullying, defiance towards authority, and cruelty to animals, was often an early warning sign of more serious criminal conduct later on if not addressed.Having friends involved in delinquency dramatically raised one's personal risk level as well.So what can we do to help steer kids and teens away from crime? Everyone I spoke to agreed that prevention through early intervention and providing positive mentorship is key. Officer Johnson said community policing efforts focused on developing trust and open communication with young people, not just seeing cops as disciplinarians, can go a long way.Ms. Davis highlighted afterschool programs that give kids a safe, structured environment to learn new skills, get academic help, and engage in fun recreational activities. She said these positive outlits are proven to reduce idleness and vulnerability to negative peer influences.I also read about how some schools have programs teaching conflict resolution, empathy, good decision-making and other key life skills from an early age. These aim to instill strong principles in kids that will hopefully deter them from criminal behavior as they mature.For kids already in trouble, Ms. Davis said teen courts and restorative justice programs can be very effective, where youth have to make amends to victims and their community through service and counseling, not just punishment. Mentoring fromvolunteers, including ex-offenders able to relate to their experiences, helps as well.In conclusion, youth crime is a complex issue driven by many factors relating to one's home environment, community influences, mental wellbeing, and personal skills. By being proactive through early nurturing, mentoring, and presenting kids with positive pathways, we can work to prevent them from turning to delinquency. And when kids do make mistakes, restorative approaches focused on accountability and guidance give them a second chance.It was really eye-opening for me to learn about all the different angles to this problem beyond kids just being "bad." I hope my essay helps raise more awareness and gets people thinking of creative ways we can build a safer, more supportive community for young people to thrive and achieve their full potential.。
