高中英语词性变化部分单词

高考英语词形词性变化（一）1.able adj.能→ ability n.能力2.across prep.横过→cross v.横过3.act v.表演|行动→action n.行动→active adj.积极的→activity n.活动4.advantage n.优点→disadvantage 反义词5.advice n.建议→advise v.建议6.agree v→disagree 反义词agreement n.同意→disagreement 反义词7.air n.空气→airline n.航空公司→airplane n.飞机→airport n.机场8.aloud adv.大声地→loud adj.大声的9.America n.美国→American(s) n.美国人10.angry adj.生气的→angrily adv.生气地11.appear v.出现→disappear v.消失12.art n.艺术→artist(s) n.艺术家 n.亚洲→Asian n.亚洲人14.asleep adj.睡着的→sleep v.睡觉15.Australia n.澳大利亚→Australian n.澳大利亚人（二）1.bad adj.坏的→worse 比较级→worst 最高级2.base n.基础→basic adj.基本的3.beauty n.美人→beautiful adj.美丽的4.behave v.行为→behavior n.行为5.beside prep.在…旁边→besides prep.除…外（还）6.birth n.出生→born 过去式→birthday n.生日7.bored adj.无聊的→boring adj.乏味的8.breath n.呼吸→breathe v.呼吸9.bright adj.明亮的→brightly adv.明亮地10.busy adj.忙碌的→business n.生意11.buy v.买→bought 过去式→bought过去分词（三）1.care v.关心→careful adj.小心的→careless adj.粗心的2.chair n.椅子→chairman n.主席3.chemistry n.化学→chemical adj.化学的4.choose v.选择→choice n.选择5.clear adj.清楚的→clearly adv.清楚地6.close adj.近的/v.关→closed adj.关着的7.cloud n.云→cloudy adj.多云的8.color n.颜色→colorful adj.多彩的fort v.安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的municate v.交流→communication n.交流11.cook n.厨师/v.煮→cooker n.炊具12.correct adj.正确的→correctly adv.正确地13.courage n.勇气→encourage v.鼓励→discourage v.阻止（四）1.day n.天→daily adj.日常的2.danger n.危险→dangerous adj.有危险的3.die v.死→died 死（过去式）→dead adj.死了的→dying adj. 快死了的→death n.死亡4.decide v.决定→decision n.决定5.develop v.发展→developed adj.发达的→developing adj.发展中的6.different adj.不同的→difference n.不同点7.difficult adj.难的→difficulty n.困难8.direct adj.直接的/v.指导→indirect adj.间接的→director n.导演→director n.方向9.discover v.发现→cover v.覆盖→discovery n.发现10.discuss v.讨论→discussion n.讨论11.draw v.画→drawer n.抽屉12.drive v.开车→driver n.司机（五）1.east n.东方/adj.东方的→eastern adj.东方的2.easy adj.容易的→easily adv.容易地cate v.教育→education n.教育4.eight num.八→eighteen num.十八→eighth num.第八→eighty num.八十5.electric adj.电动的→electricity n.电→electronic n.电子6.Europe n.欧洲→European adj.欧洲的7.excite v.使兴奋→excited adj.兴奋的→exciting adj.令人兴奋的8.express v.表达→expression n.表达→expressive adj.富有表现力的（六）1.fall v.落→fell 过去式→fallen 过去分词2.far adj.远的→farther 比较级→farthest 最高级3.farm n.农场→farmer n.农民4.fat adj.胖的→fatter 比较级5.feel v.感觉→feeling n.感觉6.five num.五→fifth num.第五→fifty num.五十7.fill v.填满→filled adj.充满的8.first num.第一→one num.一→once 一次9.fly v.飞→flight n.飞行/航班10.foreign adj.外国的→foreigner n.外国人11.friend n.朋友→friendly adj.友好的→friendship n.友谊12.fun n.兴趣→funny adj.有趣的（七）1.half n一半→halves n （复数）2.happy adj 高兴的→happily 高兴地→happiness n 幸福/快乐3.health n 健康→healthy adj 健康的4.hear v 听见→heard v （过去式）→ heard（过去式）5.heavy adj 重的→heavily adv 重地6.high adj 高的→height n 高度7.help v 帮助→helpful adj 有帮助的8.hero n 英雄→heroes （复数）9.hide v 隐藏→hide（过去式）→hidden（过去分词）10.he pron 他→him他（宾）→his他的→himself他自己11.hold v 举行→held 过去式→held过去分词12.home n 家→homeless adj.无家可归的13.hope v.n 希望→hopeful adj 有希望的→hopeless adj. 无望的14.hunger n 饥饿→hungry adj 饥饿的（八）1.ill adj 有病的→illness n 疾病2.important adj重要的→importance n重要性3.impossible adj 不可能的→possible adj 可能的4.invent v发明→inventor n 发明家→invention n发明物5.interest n 兴趣→interesting adj 有趣的→interested adj 感兴趣的6.introduce v 介绍→introduction n 介绍7.invite v 邀请→invitation n 邀请8.kind adj 善良的 n 种类→kindness n 善良9.knife n 小刀→knives （复数）10.know v 知道→knew 过去式→known 过去分词→knowledge n 知识（九）1. lay v 放置→laid过去式→laid过去分词2.lead.v领导→leader.n.领导人3.leaf.n.叶子→leaves. 复数4.little.adj.少→less比较级→least最高级5.lie.躺→lay过去式→lain过去分词6.live.v生活→life n.生活→lively adj.活泼的7.lose.v.丢失→lost过去式→lost过去分词8.love.v.爱→lovely adj.可爱的9.luck.n.运气→lucky adj.好运的→unlucky adj.不幸的→luckily adv.幸运地→unluckily adv.不幸地。

人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册重点单词词性转换与必背短语清单Unit 1一、重点单词词性转换：1. precise adj.准确的→precisely adv. 准确地考点：to be precise 准确地说2. realistic adj.现实的；逼真的→realism n. 逼真；现实主义→realist n.现实主义者→reality n.现实→realize vt.实现→real adj.真实的3. influential adj. 有很大影响力的→influence vt.&n. 影响考点：have a great influence on...对...有很大影响=have a great impact on...4. reputation n. 名誉；名声考点：①have a reputation for... 以...而闻名①live up to one’s reputation 名副其实；名不虚传5. purchase vt.购买；采购n. 购买；购买的东西→purchaser n. 购买者→purchasable adj. 可购买的考点：①purchase...from...从...购买①purchase...with...用...购买6. emerge vt.&vi. 出现；浮现；暴露→emergence n. 出现→emerging adj. 新兴的；出现的考点：①emerge as作为...出现①It has emerged that...最终发现...7. convey vt. 表达；传递（思想、感情等）→conveyor n.传达者；运送者→conveyance n. 传达；运送考点：convey sth. tosb. 向某人表达/传递某物8. sculpture n.雕像；雕刻品→sculptor n.雕刻家；雕塑家→sculpt v. 雕刻9. investment n. 投资额；投资→invest vt. 投资→investor n.投资者考点：make an investment in...对...投资10. memorial n.纪念碑；纪念物adj. 纪念的；悼念的→memorize vt. 记住→memory n. 纪念；记忆力11. criticise vi.&vt. 批评；指责；评价→criticism n. 批评考点：criticise sb. for doing sth. 因...而批评某人12. representative adj. 典型的；有代表性的n.代表→representation n.代表；代理→represent vt. 代表；表现；描绘考点：represent...as...把...描绘成...13. decline n.(数量、价格、质量)减少；下降vi.&vt. 减少；下降考点：①decline to dosth. 拒绝做某事①in decline = on the decline 在下降；在衰退①decline by 下降/减少了...①decline (from...) to...（从...）下降/减少到...14. exhibition n. 展览→exhibit vt. 展览；显示15. artistic adj. 艺术的；艺术家的→art n.艺术→artist n. 艺术家16. recognition n.承认；认出；赞誉→recognise vt.辨认出；承认考点：①recognise sb./sth. as... 承认...是...①be recognised as...被公认为...①beyond recognition 认不出来17. guarantee vt. 保证；确保n. 保证；保修单考点：①guarantee to do sth.保证做某事①guarantee sb. sth.=guarantee sth. to sb.向某人保证某事①under guarantee 在保修期内18. worthy adj. 值得...的；有价值的。

必修一Unit11.grateful adj.感激的；表示谢意的→gratefully ad v.感激地2.suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．[U]苦恼；[C]让人痛苦的事3.dusty adj.积满灰尘的→dust n．[U]灰尘4.settle v. (使)定居；安排；解决→settler n．[C]移居者；定居者→settlement n．[U]解决；定居；[C]协议5.calm vt.& vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定　adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的→calmly ad v.平静地；镇静地→ calmness n. 平静；镇静；冷静6.concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到　n．[U]关怀；关心；[C]关心的事→concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的→concerning prep.关于；涉及7.loose adj.松的；松开的→ loosely adv.松弛地；宽松地8.exactly ad v.确实如此；正是；确切地→exact adj.准确的；确切的9.entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely ad v.完全地；全然地；整个地10.outdoors ad v.在户外；在野外→(indoors ad v.在室内→outdoor adj.在户外11.recover vi.& vt.痊愈；恢复→(熟词生义)重新获得→recovery n．[U]恢复；复苏；康复12.dislike n．& vt.不喜欢；厌恶→(反义词)like vt.喜欢13.power n．[U]能力；力量；权力→(熟词生义)提供动力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→(powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的14.disagree vi.不同意→(agree vi.同意→ agreement n．[U]同意；[C]协议15.ignore vt.不理睬；忽视→ignorant adj.无知的→ignorance n．无知，愚昧16.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的　vt.使不安；使心烦→upset/upset/upsetting(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)18.swap vt.交换→ swapped/swapped/swapping(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)Unit21.eastern adj.东方的；东部的→ east adj.东方的adv. 向东方n. 东方；东部2.enrich vt. 使富裕；充实；改善→ rich adj. 富有的；富饶的；丰富的mand n．& vt.命令；指令；掌握→commander n．[C]指挥官4.base vt.以……为根据　n．[C]基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的→basically ad v.基本上；大体上5.recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognition n．[U]辨认；认出6.gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually ad v.逐渐地；逐步地tter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→latest adj.最新的；最近的→later ad v.后来adj.后期的→lately ad v.近来；最近8.fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently ad v.流利地；流畅地→fluency n．[U]流畅9.frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently ad v.常常；频繁地→frequency n．[U]频率；频繁10.expression n．[C]词语；[U]表示；表达→express vt.表达；表示11.actually ad v.实际上；事实上→actual adj.实际的；真实的12.official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的　n．[C]官员→officially ad v.官方地；正式地Unit31.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的→reliably ad v.可依赖地；可靠地→rely vi.依靠；信赖2.stubborn adj.顽固的；固执的→ stubbornly adv.顽固地；倔强地→比较级stubborner →最高级stubbornest → stubbornness n. 顽固；棘手3.view n．[C，U]风景；视野；观点；见解　vt.观看；注视；考虑→ viewer n. 观看者；电视观众4.boil vi. (指液体)沸腾；(水)开→boiling adj.正在沸腾的；酷热的→boiled adj.煮沸的；煮熟的5.bend n．[C]弯；拐角　vt.使弯曲　vi.弯身；弯腰→bent/bent(过去式/过去分词)6.schedule n．[C，U]时间表；进度表　vt.为某事安排时间7.determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的→determination n．[U]决心8.persuade vt.说服；劝说→persuasive adj.有说服力的→persuasion n．[U]说服9.prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物) →preference n．[C]偏爱；爱好→过去式:preferred →过去分词: preferred →现在分词: preferring10.detail n．[C，U]细节；详情→detailed adj.详细的11.disadvantage n．[C]不利条件；不便之处→advantage n．[C]有利条件；优势anize vt.组织；成立→organizer n．[C]组织者→organization n．[C，U]组织→organized adj.有组织的13.graduate vi.毕业　n．[C]大学毕业生→graduation n．[C，U]毕业；毕业典礼14.finally ad v.最后；终于→final adj.最后的15.transport vt.运输；运送　n．[U]运送；运输→transportation n.运输；运输工具；运输系统Unit41.burst vi.爆裂；爆发　n．[C]突然破裂；爆发→burst/burst(过去式/过去分词)2.trap vt.使陷入困境　n．[C]陷阱；困境→过去式: trapped 过去分词: trapped 现在分词: trapping3.bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏→过去式: buried 过去分词: buried 现在分词: burying4.damage vt.损失；损害　n．[U]损失；[C]损害赔偿金→damageable adj.易损害的eless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful adj.有用的6.destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭→过去式: destroyed 过去分词: destroyed 现在分词: destroying7.sincerely ad v.真诚地；真挚地→sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的8.rescue n．& vt.援救；营救→rescuer n．[C]营救人员9.shock vt.& vi. (使)震惊；震动　n．[U]休克；[U，C]打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的10.extreme adj.极度的→extremely ad v.极度；非常11.judge n．[C]裁判员；法官　vt.断定；判断；判决→judg(e)ment n．[U，C]意见；判断力；审判12.injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．[C]伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的13.frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的14.congratulation n．[C]祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺15.express vt.表示；表达　n．[C]快车；速递→expression n．[C]词语；[U]表示；表达16.nation n.民族；国家；国民→ national adj. 民族的；国家的→nationality n. 国籍；民族17.reporter n.记者→report n.报告；传闻；成绩单；爆炸声v.报告；报导18.cyclist n.骑自行车的人→cycle n. 循环；周期；自行车v.骑自行车Unit51.relative n．亲戚；亲属adj. 相对的；比较的→relatively adv.相对地；比较地→relation n.关系；联系；亲戚→related adj.相关的；有亲属关系的2.attack vt.&n.[C，U]进攻；攻击；抨击→ attacker n. 攻击者；抨击者3.escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开→ escaper n. 逃出者4.violence n．暴力；暴行→ violent adj.猛烈的；强烈的；暴力的→violently adv. 猛烈地；强烈地；暴力地5.found vt.建立；建设→founded/founded(过去式/过去分词)6.beg vi.请求；乞求→beggar n．[C]乞丐7.equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．[U]平等；相等→equally ad v.同样地；相等地；公平地8.devote vt.献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．[U]献身；奉献；忠诚9.reward n．[C，U]报酬；奖金　vt.酬劳；奖赏→rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的10.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的→generously ad v.慷慨地；大方地→generosity n．[U]大方；慷慨11.guidance n．[U]指导；领导→guide vt.指导；n.[C]向导；指南12.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively ad v.积极地；活跃地→activity n．[C]活动13.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully ad v.和平地；平静地；安宁地→peace n．[U]和平；平静；和睦14.legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→(illegal adj.非法的；违法的→legally adv. 合法地cate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．[U]教育→educator n．[C]教育工作者；教育家16.self n．[C]自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessly ad v.无私地；忘我地17.unfair adj.不公正的；不公平的→fair adj.公正的；公平的；相同的→fairly ad v.公正地；相同地；同样地18.willing adj.乐意的；自愿的→unwilling adj.不乐意的→willingness n．[U]乐意；自愿wyer n. 律师→law n.法律；法规20.hopeful adj. 有希望的→hopefully adv. 怀着希望地→hopeless adj. 没有希望的；绝望的→hopelessly adv. 绝望地；无望的必修二Unit11.worth prep.值得的；相当于……的价值n.[U]价值；作用　adj.[古]值钱的→worthless adj.无价值的；无用的→ worthy adj.有价值的2.sink vi.下沉；沉下→sank/sunk(过去式/过去分词)3.remove vt.移动；搬开→removal n．[C，U]移走；消除4.belong vi.属于；为……的一员→belongings n．(复数)所有物；财物5.design n．[C，U]设计；图案；构思　vt.设计；计划；构思→designer n．[C]设计师6.doubt n．[C，U]怀疑；疑惑　vt.怀疑；不信→doubtful adj.感到怀疑的；不确定的→undoubtedly ad v.确实地；毋庸置疑地7.amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶→amazing adj.令人吃惊的→amazed adj.吃惊的→amazingly ad v.令人吃惊的是→amazement n．[C，U]惊奇8.survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还→survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物→survivor n．[C]幸存者9.valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的→value n．& vt.价值；重视10.select vt.挑选；选择→selection n．[C，U]选择11.evidence n．[U]根据；证据→evident adj.明显的；明白的→evidently ad v.明显地12.decorate v.装饰；装修→decoration n．[U]装饰；[C]装饰品13.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．[C，U]爆炸(声)；[C]爆发rmal adj.非正式的→(formal adj.正式的→formally ad v.正式地15.debate n．& vi.争论；辩论→ debatement n.辩论；讨论→ debater n.辩论家；讨论者Unit21.basis n．基础；根据→复数bases2.athlete n．运动员；运动选手→athletics n.体育运动；田径→athletic adj.运动的；活跃的3.deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得→deserver n.应得者; 应受者4.replace vt.取代；替换；代替→(熟词生义)放回原处→replaceable adj. 可置换的；可代替的5.swift adj.快的；迅速的→swiftly adv.迅速地；敏捷地→比较级: swifter →最高级: swiftestpete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．[C，U]竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的→competitor n．[C]竞争者7.admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳→admission n．[U]准入；准许8.volunteer n．[C]志愿者　adj.志愿的；义务的vt.& vi.自愿→voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的9.regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的→regularly ad v.经常地；规则地→(irregular adj.不规则的；不定期的10.physical adj.物理的；身体的→physically ad v.物理地；身体地→physics n．物理11.responsibility n．[C]责任；职责→responsible adj.有责任心的→responsibly ad v.负责任地12.advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告→advertiser n．[C]广告商→advertisement n．[C]广告13.host vt.做东；主办；招待　n．[C]主人→hostess n. [C]女主人；女房东14.pain n．[C，U]疼痛；痛苦→painful adj.痛苦的；疼痛的→painfully ad v.令人痛苦地；吃力地15.hopeless adj.绝望的→(hopeful adj.有希望的→hopefully ad v.充满希望地；有望Unit31.character n．性格；特点→ characteristic n. 特点；特性adj. 独特的，特有的2.technology n．工艺；科技；技术→ technological adj.科技的；工艺的3.analytical adj. 分析的→ analyze vt. 分析；解析4.arise vi.出现；发生→arose/arisen(过去式/过去分词)5.solve vt.解决；解答→solution n．[C]解决；解决办法6.simplify vt.简化→simplified adj.简化的→simple adj.简单的→simply ad v.简单地；仅仅7.intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的→intelligence n．[U]智力；聪明；智能8.total adj.总的；整个的　n．[C]总数；合计vt.共计；总计；把……加起来→totally ad v.完全地；整个地9.personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→personally ad v.就个人而言；亲自→personality n．[C，U]个性；性格10.application n．[C，U]应用；用途；申请→apply v.应用；涉及；申请→applicant n．[C]申请人11.explore vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究→explorer n．[C]探险家；勘探者→exploration n．[U]探索12.appearance n．[C，U]外观；外貌；(常用单数)出现→appear vi.出现→(disappear vi.消失13.reality n．[U]真实；[C]事实→real adj.真实的→(unreal adj.不真实的→really ad v.真实地14.finance n．[U]金融；财政→financial adj.财政的；金融的→financially ad v.财政上；金融上15.logical adj.合逻辑的；合情理的→logically adv.逻辑上；合逻辑地16.happiness n.幸福；快乐→happy adj. 高兴的；幸福的17.supporting adj.支持的；支撑的→ support vt. 支持；支撑；供养n. 支持；支撑→ supporter n.支持者；拥护者18.type n.类型vt. & vi. 打字→ typist n. 打字员→typical adj.特有的；典型的→ typically adv.典型地19.electronic adj.电子的→ electronics n.电子学；电子器件→ electronical adj. 电子的20.mop n.拖把vt. 用拖把拖；擦→过去式: mopped →过去分词: mopped →现在分词: moppingUnit41.inspect vt.检查；视察→ inspection n．[C，U]检查2.certain adj.确定的；某一；一定→(uncertain adj.不确定的→certainty n．[U]确定3.hunt vt.& vi.打猎；猎取；搜寻→hunter n．[C]猎人4.decrease vi.& vt.减少；(使)变小或变少→ ( increase vi.& vt.增加→increasingly ad v.渐增地5.appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激→(熟词生义)意识到→appreciation n．[U]感激；感谢6.contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍→container n．[C]容器7.affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭→affection n．喜爱；感情→effect n．[C，U]影响；效果；作用8.succeed vi.成功　vt.接替；继任→success n．[C，U]成功→successful adj.成功的→successfullyad v.成功地9.employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等) →employer n．[C]雇主→employee n．[C]雇员；雇工→employment n．雇用；使用；就业→(unemployment n．[U]失业；失业率10.respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应→ response n．[C，U]回答；反应11.distant adj.远的；远处的→ distance n．[C，U]距离；远方12.relief n．[U] (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物→relieve vt.使减轻；缓解13.harm n．[U]& vt.损害；危害→harmful adj.有害的→(harmless a dj.无害的14.protection n．[U]保护→ protect vt.保护→ protective adj.保护的；给予保护的15.mercy n．[U]仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→merciful adj.仁慈的；怜悯的→mercifully ad v.仁慈地；怜悯地16.importance n．[U]重要性→ important adj.重要的17. r eserve n．保护区　→　reservation n.预定；保留意见18.wild adj.野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的→ wildly adv.狂热地；激动地19.threaten vt. & vi. 恐吓；威胁→threat n.威胁；恐吓20.endanger vt.危害；使受到危险→endangered adj.濒于灭绝的21.loss n.损失；遗失；丧失→ lose vt. 丢失；失败；削减（过去式: lost 过去分词: lost）ughter n.笑；笑声→ laugh v. 发笑；笑；嘲笑23.powerful adj.强大的；有力的→ power n. 力量；力；能力；权力→ powerfully adv.非常地；强有力地24.extinction n. 灭绝；消亡→extinct adj.灭绝的；熄灭的；消亡的→ extinctive adj.使消减的；消灭的25.fierce adj.凶猛的；猛烈的→fiercely adv.猛烈地；厉害地26.ending n.结局；结尾→ end n.结束；末端；目标；死亡v.终止27.faithfully adv. 忠诚地；忠实地→ faith n. 信仰；信念→faithful adj.忠诚的；忠实的Unit51.sensitive adj.敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的→ sensitively adv. 易感知地；神经过敏地→sense n. 感官；感觉；意识；鉴赏力；v. 感觉2.painful adj.痛苦的；疼痛的→ painfully adv. 痛苦地；苦恼地→pain n. 痛苦；疼痛3.form vt. (使)组成；形成；构成4.familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的；亲近的→familiarly adv.亲密地；亲热地→familiarity n.亲密；熟悉5.reunite vt. 再统一；再联合；重聚→ unite v.联合；合并6.broadcast n．& vi.& vt.广播；播放→broadcast/broadcast(过去式/过去分词)7.musician n．[C]音乐家→music n．[U]音乐→musical adj.音乐的8.invitation n．[C，U]邀请；招待→invite vt.邀请9.passer－by n．[C]过路人；行人→passers－by (pl.)10.perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行→performance n．[C，U]表演；演奏→performer n．[C]表演者11.rely vi.依赖；依靠→reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→reliably ad v.可靠地；可信赖地12.humorous adj.幽默的；诙谐的→humour n．[U]幽默13.attractive adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的→attract vt.吸引→attraction n．[U]吸引；吸引力；[C]吸引人的事物14.confident adj.自信的；确信的→confidently ad v.自信地；确信地→confidence n．自信；信任15.brief adj.简短的；简要的　n．[C]摘要；大纲→briefly ad v.简要地；短暂地16.devotion n．[U]投入；热爱→ devote vt.投入；热爱→devoted adj.献身的；忠诚的必修三Unit11.agriculture n．农业；农艺；农学→ agricultural adj.农业的2.gather vt.& vi.搜集；集合；聚集→ together adv. 共同；一起；协调3.obvious adj.明显的；显而易见的→obviously ad v.明显地；显而易见地4.remind vt.提醒；使想起→reminder n．[C]起提醒作用的东西5.apologize vi.道歉；辩白→apology n．[C]道歉6.origin n．[C，U]起源；由来；起因→original adj.原先的；最初的；新颖的　n．[C]原作；原稿→originally ad v.最初地；原先地7.starve vi.& vt. (使)饿死；饿得要死→starvation n．[U]饿死8.celebration n．[C，U]庆祝；祝贺→celebrate v.庆祝；祝贺9.belief n．[U]信任；信心；[C]信仰→believe v.相信；认为；信任10.independent adj.独立的；自主的→(dependent adj.依赖的→independence n．[U]独立；自主11.energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的→energy n．[C]能量；(常用复数)精力12.admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕→admiration n．[U]羡慕→admirable adj.令人羡慕的13.permission n．[U]许可；允许→permit vt.允许　n．[C]许可证；执照14.forgive vt.原谅；饶恕→forgave/forgiven(过去式/过去分词)→forgiveness n．[U]宽恕；原谅15.trick n．[C]诡计；恶作剧；窍门vt.欺骗；诈骗→tricky adj.棘手的；难对付的16.wipe vt.擦去；擦→过去式: wiped 过去分词: wiped 现在分词: wiping17.religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的→religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰18.seasonal adj. 季节的；季节性的→ season n.季节；赛季19.arrival n.到来；到达；到达者→arrive vi.到达；到来20.fool n. 愚人；白痴；受骗者adj.傻的vt. 愚弄；欺骗vi.干傻事；开玩笑→ foolish adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的21.permission n. 许可；允许→permit n.许可证；执照v. 允许；许可22.prediction .n.预言；预报；预告→ predict v.预言；预报→ predictive adj. 预言的；预兆的23.sadness n. 悲哀；悲伤→sad adj.悲哀的；忧愁的→ sadly adv.悲哀地→ sadnessn.悲哀24.weep vi. 哭泣；流泪n. 哭；哭泣→过去式: wept →过去分词: wept →现在分词: weepingUnit21.digest vi.& vt.消化　n．摘要；概要→ digestion n.消化；吸收；领悟2.cooperation n．合作；协作→ cooperate vi.合作；协力3.slim vi.变细；减肥adj.苗条的；纤细的→比较级: slimmer →最高级: slimmest4.lie n．[C] 谎话；谎言　vi.说谎→lied/lied/lying(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)5.consult vt.咨询；请教；商量→consultant n．[C]顾问6.balance n．[C]天平；[U]平衡　vt.平衡；权衡→balanced adj.均衡的7.benefit n．[C]利益；好处　vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益→beneficial adj.有益的8.limit n．[C，U]界限；限度　vt.限制；限定→limited adj.有限的9.curiosity n．[U]好奇心→curious adj.好奇的→ curiously ad v.好奇地10.strength n．[U]力量；[C]长处；强项→ strong adj.强壮的→strengthen vt.加强11.weakness n．[C]缺点；弱点；[U]虚弱→weak adj.虚弱的→weaken vt.削弱bine vt.& vi. (使)联合；(使)结合→combination n．[C，U]联合；结合13.sugary adj.含糖的；甜的→ sugar n. 糖，食糖14.poisonous adj. 有毒的→ poison n.毒药；毒害；败坏道德之事vt. 毒害Unit31.genuine adj.真的；真诚的→ genuinely adv. 真正地；诚实地2.rude adj.粗鲁的；无礼的→rudely ad v.粗鲁地；无礼地→rudeness n．[U]粗鲁3.unbelievable adj.难以置信的→( believable adj.可信的→ believe v.相信；信任→belief n．[U]信念；[C]信仰4.contrary n．[C] 反面；对立面　adj.相反的；违反的5.seek vt.& vi.寻找；探索；寻求→ sought/sought(过去式/过去分词)6.spot vt.发现；认出　n．[C] 斑点；污点；地点→ spotted adj.有污迹的；有斑点的7.account vi.& vt.认为；说明；总计有　n．[C]说明；理由；计算；账目→accountant n．[C]会计8.adventure n．奇遇；冒险→adventurous adj.冒险的9.permit vt.& vi.许可；允许；准许　n．[C]通行证；许可证；执照→permission n．[U]许可10.novel n．[C]小说；长篇故事→(熟词生义)　adj.新奇的；异常的→novelist n．小说家11.patience n．[U]耐性；忍耐→patient adj.忍耐的；有耐心的→patiently ad v.耐心地→impatient adj.不耐烦的Unit41.astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n.天文学家2.globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→ global adj.全球的；全世界的→globally adv.全球地3.pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力→puller n. 拉的人；划手4.reaction n. 反应；回应→ react v.反应；反攻5.theory n．[C]理论→theoretical adj.理论上的→theoretically ad v.理论上地6.fundamental adj.基本的；基础的→fundamentally ad v.基本地；基础地7.system n．[C] 系统；体系；制度→systematic adj.有系统的→systematically ad v.系统地8.harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的→harm n．[U]害处　vt.对……有害9.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently ad v.猛烈地；激烈地10.puzzle vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难　n．[C]谜；难题→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的11.unlike prep.不同；不像→(like prep.像→dislike v.&n.[C]不喜欢12.exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．[U]存在→existing adj.现存的13.gentle adj.温和的；文雅的→gently ad v.温和地；轻柔地14.biology n.生物→biologist n．[C]生物学家15.exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽→ exhausted adj. 用完的；精疲力竭的→exhausting adj.疲倦的；筋疲力尽的→ exhaustion n.疲惫；筋疲力尽16.extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的→ extinction n. 消失；消减→ extinctive adj.使消减的；消灭的17.prevent v. 预防；防止→ prevention n.阻止；妨碍→ preventive adj.预防的；防病的18.physicist n. 物理学家→physics n.物理学→ physical adj.物质的；身体的；体力的；物理的→ mental adj. 思想的；心理的Unit51.prime adj. 首要的；主要的；基本的→ primely adv. 最初地；很好地2.measure vi.& vt.测量；衡量；判定　n．[C, U] 计量单位；措施→ measurable adj. 可测量的3.polar adj.极地的；近极地的→pole n.杆；柱；极点v. (用杆)支撑4.chat vi.&n.聊天；闲聊→chatted/chatted/chatting(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)5.baggage n．[U]行李→(同义词)luggage6.mix vt.& vi.混合；调配→mixture n．混合(物)；混合状态→mixed adj.混合的；混杂的7.distance n．[C, U]距离；远方→distant adj.远的；远方的8.wealthy adj.富有的→wealth n．[U]财富9.terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓→terrified adj.感到恐惧的；受惊吓的→terror n．[U]恐惧；[C]引起恐惧的人或物→terrifying adj.可怕的10.impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的→impression n．[C]印象11.surround vt.& vi.包围；围绕→surroundings n．(复数)周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的12.slight adj.轻微的；微小的→slightly ad v.稍稍；轻微地13.tradition n．[C, U]传统；风俗→traditional adj.传统的→traditionally ad v.传统上14.pleased adj.欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的→pleasing adj.令人愉快的→pleasant adj.令人愉快的→pleasure n．[U]快乐；[C]令人高兴的事15.mist n.薄雾→ misty adj. 有薄雾的；模糊的必修四Unit11.entertainment n．款待；娱乐；娱乐表演→ entertain v. 娱乐；使有兴趣→entertainer n.表演娱乐节目的人；演艺人员2.specialist n．专家；专业工作者→ specialize v. 专攻3.respect vt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意→(熟词生义)遵守→respectable adj.值得尊敬的；体面的→respectful adj.恭敬的；有礼貌的4.argue vt.& vi.讨论；辩论；争论→argument n．[C, U]争论；争辩；争吵5.behave vt.& vi.举动；表现→behaviour n．[C, U]行为；举止；习性6.observe vt.观察；观测；遵守→(熟词生义)庆祝→observation n．[U]观察；观测7.intend vt.计划；打算→intention n．[C, U]目的；意图8.support n．& vt.支持；拥护→supportive adj.支持的→supporter n．[C]支持者9.achievement n．[C]成就；功绩→achieve vt.取得；实现10.connection n．[C]连接；关系→connect vt.联系→connected adj.有联系的11.crowd n．[C]人群；观众　vt.挤满；使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的12.refer vi.谈到；查阅；参考→reference n．[U]查阅；参考13.inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspired adj.受鼓舞的→inspiration n．[U]灵感；鼓舞14.considerate adj.考虑周到的→consider vt.考虑；体谅→consideration n．[U]考虑；体谅15.deliver vt.递送；生；接生；发表→delivery n. [U]递送→ deliverer n.投递者anization n．[C]组织；机构；团体→organize vt.组织→organized adj.有组织17.emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→ emergent adj. 出现的；紧急的emergence →n.出现；浮现18.determination → n.决心;果断→ determine v.决定；决心→ determined adj.坚定的；坚决的19.kindness n.仁慈;好意→kind adj.亲切的；善良的n. 种类；本质→ kindly adv. 温和地；亲切地Unit21.occupation n．工作；职业；占领→ occupy vt. 占用；占领；从事2.personality n.性格;个性;人格→ personal adj. 私人的；个人的→personally adv. 就个人而言3.industrial adj.工业的;产业的→ industry n.工业；产业4.regret vt.遗憾；懊悔　n. [C，U] 遗憾；懊悔→ regretful adj. 惋惜的；遗憾的ment n．[C，U]评论；议论　vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论→ commenter n.批评家6.expand vt.& vi.使变大；伸展→expansion n. [C，U] 扩大；扩张；扩充7.focus n．[C，U] 焦点；中心点　vt.集中；聚焦→focus(s)ed adj.专注的；注意力集中的8.equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．[U]设备→equipped adj.有装备的9.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．[U]迷惑10.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.烦恼的→disturb vt.扰乱；打扰11.freedom n．[U]自由；自主→free adj.自由的；免费的→freely ad v.自由地12.export vt.& vi.输出；出口→(import vt.& vi.输入；进口13.reduce vt.减少；减缩→(increase v.增加→ reduction n. 减少；降低14.discovery n．[C]发现；发觉→discover vt.发现；发觉→discoverer n．[C]发现者15.hunger n．[U]饥饿；(常用单数)欲望　vt.& vi. (使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的→hungrily ad v.饥饿地；贪婪地16.nationality n. [C]国籍→national adj.国家的；民族的→nation n. [C]民族；国家17.producer n.生产者;制片人→ produce v. 生产；引起；提出n. 产品→production n.生产；产量；作品→ productive adj.生产的；多产的Unit31.content adj.& vt.满足的；满意的；满足；使满足　n．[C]内容；[U]满足edy n．喜剧→( tragedy n. 悲剧；灾难3.overcome vt.& vi.战胜；克服→overcame/overcome(过去式/过去分词)4.astonish vt.使惊诧→astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的→astonished adj.惊讶的5.convince vt.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；深信的6.direct vt.& vi.导演；指示；指挥　adj.直的；直接的；直率的→directly ad v.直接地；立刻地→direction n．[C，U]方向；[U]指导；(常用复数)指示；用法说明→director n．[C]导演7.depressed adj.忧愁的；沮丧的→depressing adj.使人沮丧的→depression n．[C，U]沮丧；不高兴8.fortune n．[U]幸运；[C]财富→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→fortunately ad v.幸运地→(unfortunately ad v.不幸地9.entertain vt.& vi.使欢乐；款待→entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的→entertainment n．[U]款待；[C]娱乐节目10.particular adj.特殊的；特别的　n．[C]细节；细目→particularly ad v.尤其；特别地11.humour n．[U]幽默；滑稽→humorous adj.幽默的12.bored adj.厌烦的→boring adj.令人厌烦的13.performer n．[C]表演者；演出者→perform v.执行；表演→performance n．[C]演出；[U]表现14.failure n．[U]失败；[C]失败者；失败的事→fail v.不能；失败；不及格；衰退；使失望15.brighten vt.使更愉快;使更有希望→ bright adj.明亮的；聪明的→ brightness n. 光亮；明亮→brightly adv. 生辉地；明亮地16.confidence n.信心;信念→ confident adj. 自信的→ confidently adv.有信心地17.occasion n. 时刻;场合→occasional adj. 偶然的；临时的→ occasionally adv. 偶尔地18.amuse vt.使发笑;使愉快→amusing adj. 好笑的;有趣的→amused adj. 愉快的；被逗乐的→amusement n.乐趣，娱乐19.explanation n.解释;讲解;说明→ explain v. 说明；解释20.mountainous adj.多山的;山一般的→mountain n. 大量；山21.react vi.作出反应;回应→ reaction n. 反应→ reactive adj. 反应的；反作用的22.drunk adj.醉的→ drink v. 喝；饮n.饮料；酒；喝酒Unit41.simply adv.简单地;只→ simple adj. 简单的→ simplify vt. 简化2.major adj.主要的→ majority n.大多数；多数3.ease n.安逸；舒适　vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑) → easy adj.容易的；轻松的→easily adv. 容易地→easiness n. 容易；轻松4.approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近　n. [U]接近；[C]方法；途径→approachable adj.平易近人的；可到达的5.represent vt.代表；象征→ representative n．代表　adj.典型的；有代表性的6.curious adj.好奇的→ curiously ad v.好奇地→curiosity n．[U]好奇心7.defend vt.保护；保卫→defence n．[U]防御；保卫→defenceless adj.无防御的8.facial adj.面部的→face n．[C]脸；面容→ faceless adj.匿名的；无名的；没脸面的9.misunderstand vt.误解；误会→misunderstood/misunderstood(过去式/过去分词)→misunderstanding n．[U]误解；误会10.anger n．怒气；怒火→angry adj.生气的→angrily ad v.生气地11.greet vi.& vt.迎接；问候→greeting n．[U]迎接；招呼；问候(常用复数)12.spoken adj.口语的→(unspoken adj.未说出口的；非口语的13.truly ad v.真实地；真诚地；真正地→true adj.真实的→truth n．[U]真实；(用作单数)真相；事实14.statement n．[C]陈述；说明→state v.陈述；说明15.association n．社团；联系；联想→associate vt.把……联系起来→associated adj.有关的；相关的16.subjective adj.主观的→ subject n.话题；科目；主题；题材；主观→ objective adj.客观的；真实的Unit51.tourism n．[U]旅游业→tour n. [C]旅行　vt.旅行；巡回演出→tourist n. [C]游客2.preserve vt.保存；保留　n．[C]保护区→preservation n.保存；维护3.swing n．[C] 秋千；摇摆　vt.& vi.摇摆；摆动→swung/swung(过去式/过去分词)4.advance vt.& vi.前进；提前　n．[U]前进；[C]进步→advanced adj.高级的；先进的5.various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．[C]变化；多样性→vary vi.改变6.length n．[U]长度；长→lengthen v.加长→long adj.长的7.settler n．[C]移民；殖民者→settle vt.& vi.安家；定居；解决→settlement n．[U]定居；解决8.admission n．[U]允许进入；入场费；承认→admit v.承认9.amusement n．[U]消遣；[C]娱乐(活动)→amuse vt.使发笑；使快乐10.attraction n．[C]有吸引力的事物；[U]吸引→attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.吸引人的11.minority n．[C]少数；少数民族→(majority n．(常用单数)多数12.athletic adj.运动的→athlete n. [C]运动员13.fantasy n．[C]幻想；怪念头→fantastic adj.极好的；了不起的；不现实的必修五Unit11.suspect vt.认为；怀疑　n．被怀疑者；嫌疑犯→ suspectful adj.怀疑的2.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→ enthusiasm n. 热情；热心→ enthusiastically adv. 热情地3.attend vt.照顾；护理；出席→(熟词生义)处理→attendance n.出席；出席人数→ attendant adj.出席的;护理的4.cure vt.&n.[C] 治愈；痊愈；治疗→(熟词生义)矫正→ cureless adj.医不好的5.positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的→positively adv.积极地;断然地;肯定地→negative adj. 否定的；消极的6.deadly adj. 致命的→ dead adj.死的→ death n. 死；死亡→ die v. 死7.infect vt. 传染；感染→infectious adj.传染的8.spin vi.& vt. (使)旋转；纺(线或纱)→spun/spun/spinning(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)9.expose vt.暴露；揭露→(熟词生义)使曝光→exposure n．[C，U]暴露；揭发10.conclude vt.& vi.推断出→(熟词生义)结束→conclusion n．[C]结论；[U]结束11.contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿→contribution n．[C]贡献12.instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．[U]教育；指导→instructions (pl.)用法说明；操作指南→instructive adj.富有教育意义的；启发的13.announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．[C]通知；宣告→announcer n．[C]播音员14.challenge n．[C，U]挑战　vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.挑战性的15.construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．[U]建设；[C]建筑物16.pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．[U]污染→polluted adj.被污染了的17.reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．[U]拒绝；抛弃18.scientific adj.科学的→scientifically ad v.科学地→science n．科学→scientist n．[C]科学家19.absorb vt.吸引；吸收；使专心→ absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的20.universe n.宇宙；世界→ universal adj. 普遍的；全世界的→universally adv. 普遍地21.severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的→ severely adv.严格地；严重地→比较级: severer →最高级: severest22.investigate vt. & vi. 调查→investigation n. 调查23.privately adv. 私下地；秘密地private adj.私人的；个人的24.brightness n.明亮；亮度；聪颖→ bright adj.明亮的；聪明的→ brighten v.使变亮；使生辉；发亮25.creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的→ creatively adv. 创造性地→create v.创造→ creation n.创造；创作Unit21.accomplish vt.完成；达到；实现→accomplishment n．[C]成就；[U]完成2.arrange vt.筹备；安排→(熟词生义)整理→arrangement n．[C]安排；布置；整理3.attract vt.吸引；引起注意→attraction n．[U]吸引；吸引力；[C]有吸引力的人/物→attractive adj.有吸引力的4.convenience n．[U]便利；方便；[C]便利设施→convenient adj.方便的→( inconvenient adj.不方便的5.consist vi.组成；在于；一致→consistent adj.一致的6.delight n．[U]快乐；高兴；[C]乐事　vt.使高兴；使欣喜→delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的→delightful adj.令人高兴的7.description n．[C，U]描写；描述→describe vt.描述；形容；描绘8.enjoyable adj.愉快的；快乐的→enjoy vt.享受→enjoyment n．[U]享受；[C]乐事9.fold vt.折叠；对折→( unfold vt.展开；打开10.furnished adj.带家具的→furnish vt.装修；布置→furniture n．[U]家具11.possibility n．[C，U]可能(性) →possible adj.可能的→( impossible adj.不可能的→possibly ad v.可能地12.thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊→thrilled adj.激动的→thrilling adj.令人激动的13.collection n．[C]收藏品；专辑；[U]收集→collect vt.收集；聚集；募捐14.unwilling adj.不乐意的→(willing adj.乐意的→willingly ad v.乐意地15. r ough adj.粗糙的；粗暴的→roughly adv.粗略地；粗糙地→比较级: rougher →最高级: roughest。

1.动词v.→名词n. a词形不变;词性改变例如:work; study; water; plant等可以用作动词工作;学习;浇水;种植;也可以用作名词工作;学习;水;植物.b一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词例如:work—worker; teach—teacher; sing—singer;jump—jumper; play—player; learn—learner;visit—visitor; invent—inventor; collect—collector等.注意:1以不发音的e结尾的动词;在词尾加-r.例如:drive—driver; write—writer等.2以重读闭音节结尾;且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词;应双写末尾的辅音字母;再加-er例如：run—runner; win—winner; begin—beginner等.c在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词例如:achieve—achievement 成就advertise—advertisement//advertisi ng广告agree—agreement disagree—disagreement amuse—amusement 娱乐improve—improvement争吵commit奉献—commitment develop—development 发展depart—department 局;部govern统治—government政府manage—management 管理equip—equipment 装备有些单词比较特殊;需把动词后的e去掉再加ment. 例如:argue—argument争论d在动词词尾加上-tion/sion变成名词例如:attract—attraction; instruct—instruction; invent—invention discuss—discussion; express—expression educate—education; graduate—graduation; operate—operation 去e再加"ion"compete—competition; organize—organization 把e改成其他字母再加"tion"decide—decision conclude—conclusion 把de改为s再加"ion"describe—description描写;描绘这是特例;不规则变化e在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词例如: appear—appearance 外貌;出现perform—performance 演出accept—acceptance 接受f在动词词尾加-ing变成名词方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waiting bathe—bathing say—saying谚语 mean—meaningend —ending train —training wash—washing注意:以重读闭音节结尾;且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词;应双写末尾的辅音字母;再加-ing如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginningg其他一些比较特殊的变化例如:beg乞讨—beggar乞丐behave行为举止—behaviorknow知道—knowledge知识fly—flight 飞行heat 加热—heat热量hit 撞击—hit 轰动一时的人或物;碰撞mix 混合—mixture混合物press按;压—pressure压力sit坐—seat 座位succeed—success成功tour—tour旅游/ tourist 游客2.动词v.→形容词adj.a动词后面加able;以e结尾的动词则去e加able;表示具有此性质;特点或属性.例如: afford－affordable；love－lovableb动词后面加ed;以e结尾的动词则直接加d;表示被动性的属性或特点.例如: scatter－scattered use－used 赵科翔;注意下;这个就是我们所讲的非谓语动词作定语的情况c不规则的动词则必须记忆;记住其过去分词形式.规律不大;意义同b.3.名词n.→形容词adj.a在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词尤其是一些与天气有关的名词例如:rain—rainy; cloud—cloudy; wind—windy; snow—snowy; health—healthy; luck—lucky;anger—angryguilt—guilty内疚的tourist—touristy游客多的 ;salt 盐—salty 咸的silk丝绸—silky丝绸般的;sleep—sleepy 昏昏欲睡的注意:1如果以重读闭音节结尾;且词尾只有一个辅音字母;这时应双写辅音字母再加"-y".如: sun—sunny; fun—funny; fog—foggy有雾的; fur—furry毛皮的2少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时;应去掉e再加"-y".如: noise—noisy; ice—icy; shine—shiny发亮的; taste口味—tasty甜的b名词后面加-ed;以e结尾的直接加d.例如: spot斑点—spotted有斑点的; talent—talented 有天赋的organize—organized 有组织的; balance—balanced平衡的c一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词例如:care—careful; thank—thankful; help—helpful;use—useful; meaning—meaningfuld在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容词例如:care—careless粗心的; use—useless无用的hope—hopeless没希望的;home—homeless无家可归的e一些以-ce结尾的名词;把-ce改为-t变成形容词例如: difference—different; silence—silent; confidence—confidentf.在名词后加-ly变为形容词例如: friend—friendly; love—lovely; live---livelyg.在名词后加-ous变为形容词例如: danger—dangeroush名词后面加-al变为形容词例如: music—musical; medicine—medical 这个比较特殊i名词后面加-able变为形容词;如果以e结尾就去e再加"-able".例如: adjust—adjustable 可调整的 value—valuable有价值的j名词后面加-en变成形容词例如: wood—wooden 木制的 wool—woolen 羊毛的k一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese; -ish或-n构成表示国籍;语言的形容词例如: China—Chinese; Japan—Japanese; England—English;America—American; India—Indian; Australia —Australian 注意Canada—Canadian4.形容词adj.→副词adv.▲一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词例如: quick—quickly; slow—slowly; loud—loudly; sudden—suddenly 等但是;以下几点值得注意：a 一些以"辅音字母+y"结尾的形容词;要把y改为i再加-ly例如: happy—happily; angry—angrily; lucky—luckily; heavy—heavily; noisy—noisilyb 有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词;去掉e加-y例如:possible—possibly; terrible—terriblyc少数以e结尾的形容词;要去掉e再加-ly例如: true—truly但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly 例如: polite—politely; wide—widelyd以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时要在词尾加-ly;以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y.例如: usual—usually; careful—carefully; useful—usefullyfull—fully 以-ll结尾的才只加y1.ability n. 能力；才能---able a.---unable a.. —disability n. —disableda.be able to do…= be capable of doing2.absence n. 缺席；不在 --- absent a. ---present a.. – presence n.3.absolute a. 绝对的；完全的---absolutely adv.4.abundant a. 丰富的；充裕的 ---abundance n.5.accept v. 接受---acceptable a.可接受的 - –refuse opp. 拒绝6.access n. 通路;入门；v.接近；存取 ---accessible a.have access toto为介词可以使用；可以接触7.accurate a. 正确的;精确的 --- accuracy n. –accurately adv.--opp.inaccurate 不准确8.achieve v. 取得;达到 --- achievement n.9. acquire v. 获得;学到 --- acquisition n.10.act n. 法令;条例；v.表演；行动---action n. –active a. 主动的—inactivea. —actively adv. —activity n. 活动 --passive a. 被动的 ---actor n.–actress n.11.actual a. 实际的；现实的–actually adv. = as a matter of fact12.adapt v. 使适应；改编 ---adaptation n. 适应;顺应；改编;改编本---adaptablea. 有适应能力的adapt oneself to 适应于; adapt…for sth. from sth. 改编13.addict n. 成瘾的人 ---addicted a. –addition n. ---addictive a. 使成瘾的；上瘾的；易令人沉溺的 be addicted to to为介词对…上瘾14.adjust v. 调整;使适应 ---adjustment n. --- adjustable a.15.admire v. 钦佩;羡慕 ---admiration n. --- admirable a.16.admit v. 承认;准许 admitted; admitted --- admission n.17.adopt v. 收养;采用 ---adoption n. --- adopted a.18.advance v. 推进;促进；前进 n.前进;提升—advanced a. 先进的;高等的19.advertise v. 为…做广告---advertisement n.20.advise v. 建议;劝告----adviser n. 顾问;忠告者 --- advice n. a piece ofadvice21.affect v. 影响 --- affection n. 影响;感情 = have an effect on22.age n. 年纪 --- aged a.老年的—elderly a.23.agree v. 同意--- agreement n. --- disagree opp—disagreement n.24.amaze v. 惊奇; 震惊 --- amazement n. ---amazed a. –amazed a.to one’s amazement25.amuse v. 使…快乐 --- amusement n. – amused a. --- amusing a.to one’s amusement26.analyze v. 分析 --- analysis n. 35. anger n. 愤怒 --- angry a.27.announce v. 宣布; 宣告 --- announcement n. --- announcer n.28.annoy v. 使烦恼– annoyed a. --- annoying a. --- annoyance n.to one’s annoyance29.anxious a. 忧虑的;焦急的 --- anxiety n.30.apologize v. 道歉 --- apology n.apologize to sb. for sth.; make an apology to sb. for sth.因…事向某人道歉31.appear v. 出现 ---appearance n.外貌;外观；出现;露面32.apply v. 申请 ; 应用--- application n. 申请表 --- applicant n. 申请人---applied a. 应用的33.appoint v. 约定;任命– appointment n. -----make an appointment 约会34.appreciate v. 欣赏;感激 --- appreciation n.35.approve v. 批准;同意 --- approval n. approve of…赞成----opp. disapprovev. 不赞成disapprove of…36.argue v. 争辩;辩论—argument n. 47. arrange v. 安排 --- arrangement n.37.assess v. 评价;估价 --- assessment n.38.assist v. 帮助;协助--- assistance n. 帮助;援助 ---assistant n. 助手;助理39.associate v. 联系;交往--- association n. --- associated a.40.assume v. 假定;采取 --- assumption n.41.astonish v. 使惊讶 --- astonished a. --- astonishing a. –astonishment n.42.attend v.参加;照料 -- attendance n.出席;参加 - -attender n. 出席者；参加者43.attention n 注意;专心--- attentive a –attentively ad v.44.aware a. 知道的;明白的 --- awareness n. be aware of45.behave v. 行为;守规矩 --- behavior n.46.belief n 信条;信念 ---pl. beliefs-- believe v. --- believable a. ---opp.unbelievable47.brave adj.勇敢的 ---bravery n.勇敢 ------coward n.懦弱的人; 胆小的人48.breath n. 呼吸; 气息 -----breathe v.呼吸; 发出 ----breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的49.bring vt. 拿来; 带来 ---brought分去式---brought过去分词50.care n.注意; 照料; vi.关心; 顾虑; 照顾; 喜爱vt.在意 ----carefula.----careless a.51.caution n.小心; 谨慎; 警告 vt.警告 ----cautious adj. 小心的;谨慎的52.certain adj.确定的; 某一个----certainly adv. -----certainty n.-----uncertainty n.无常; 不确定53.challenge n.挑战 vt.向...挑战----challenging adj.具有挑战性的54.choice n.选择; 抉择; 精选品----choose v.选择; 选定chose; chosen55.collect vt. 收集----collection n. 收藏; 征收; 搜集品; 捐款----collectiveadj.集体的 n.集体fort n.安慰; 舒适 vt.安慰 ----comfortable adj.舒适的pete vi.比赛; 竞争 ----competition n.竞争; 竞赛 ----competitor n.竞争者---competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的；指人好竞争的58.conclude v.作出结论vt.推断-----conclusion n. 结论59.confident adj.自信的; 确信的----confidence n.信心----confidently adv.信赖地; 安心地60.conduct n.行为; 操行v. 组织; 实施;管理-----conductor n. 乐队指挥61.create vt.创造;产生 syn.----produce creative adj - -creation n. 创造;创建 ----creativity n.创造力 ----creator n.创造者；创作者62.crowd n. 人群 vt. 拥挤----crowded adj. 拥挤的63.damage n&vt 毁坏;损害 -----do /cause damage to the earth 对...造成损害64.danger n.危险 dangerous adj. 危险的 endanger vt 使……濒临危险65.dead. adj. 死的 the dead/living ----death n. 死亡---deadly adj.致命的 diev. 死亡 dying adj. 垂死的;渴望的66.decide n.决定 decisive adj. 决定性的 decision n. make a decision67.declare vt.声明；断言 --- declaration n.68.decrease/increase n&v. 减少/增加--- increase/decrease to/by 20%69.defend vt. 防守;保卫 ---defense in defense of 为保护某人为……辩护70.deliberate adj. deliberately adv.故意地 ---on purpose71.delight n 快乐；乐事 delighted adj.be delighted with/by/at sb/sth to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是72.depend vi依赖；依靠---- dependent adj. 依赖的 --- independent adj.独立的73.describe vt.描述;描写 description n.74.develop v. 发展;使发达;开发冲洗照片development nwith the development of developing world/developed worlddevelop an interest in sthdevelop a new product75.devote vt.把……奉献于；devote oneself/one’s life/one’s energy/time tosth/doing sth devotion n.忠心;奉献精神 be devoted to sb 挚爱某人;对……全心全意76.differ vi. --- different adj.--- difference n.77.difficult adj. difficulty n.困难78.disable v.使…残疾 ---disabled adj.残疾的 ---disability n.79.disappear vi. 消失反-- appear ---disappearance n. 反 appearance80.disappoint vt.使……失望 disappointment n.81.discover vt.发现 discovery n. make a discovery82.discuss vt discussion n.讨论83..distance n.距离 distant adj.远的 ; 遥远的 in the distance 在远方84.distinguish v.辨别---distinction n 差别；名声85.distribute v.分布;分配 distribution n. 分配 distribute sth to /among sb把…分发/分配给…86.disturb vt.打扰；扰乱 ----disturbed adj.心神不宁的;心烦意乱的---disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的87.donate v.捐赠 donate sth to sb将…捐给… donation n.cate v.教育 educator教育者 education n. ---receive a good education受到良好的教育89.effect n.效果;作用 effective adj.有效果的 affect v. 影响90.elect v. election n.选举91.electricity n. 电 electric adj.电的 electrical adj. 电气的---electronicadj. 电子的92.embarrass v.使……尴尬 embarrassed adj. ---embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的;难为情的---embarrassment n.93.employ v.雇佣 employer n. 雇主;老板 employee n. 雇工;雇员----employment n.雇用;使用;职业 unemployment n. 失业94.encourage v.鼓励 --- discourage vt. 使……泄气 --- encouragement n. 鼓励courage n.勇气95.energy n.精力;能量 energetic adj.精力旺盛的 be full of energy=be energetic96.enjoy vt. 欣赏;喜欢；享受……之乐趣 --- enjoyable adj.愉快的；有趣的enjoyment n.享受;令人愉快的事物97.entertain v.招待;款待；使有兴趣；使快乐 entertainment n. 娱乐活动---entertaining adj. 有趣的;使人愉快的98.exhibit vt. 展览; n.展品 exhibition n.展览;展览会99.exist vi.存在 existence n.生存;存在 ---existing adj 现存的;现行的100.expect vt.预料;盼望；认为---expectation n.期望;预期live up to your parents’ expectation不辜负父母的期望have high expectation on sb.对某人有很高的期望101.expense n.消费;支出以……为代价 ---expensive / costly/dear adj.昂贵的102.explain vt.解释 explanation n. 解释;说明103.explode v.使爆炸 explosion n. explosive adj. 爆炸的;易爆炸的104.express v. 表达；表示 ---expression n.表情;表达;105.fail v. 失败；不及格；衰退 failure n.106.fluency n.流利; 流畅; 雄辩---fluent adj. fluently adv.107.fool n. 愚人; 白痴; 莽汉; vt. 愚弄; 欺骗 ---foolish adj.108.fortune n.财富; 运气; 好运; 命运---fortunate adj. ----fortunately adv.---- unfortunately adv.109.free adj.自由的; 免费的; 空闲的-----freedom n. ----freely adv.110.freeze v.使结冰; 使冷冻; 冻结---froze; frozen ---freezing adj.冰冻的;严寒的111.frequent adj. 时常发生的; 频繁的 ---frequency n.频率; 周率; 发生次数---frequently adv.112.friend n. ------friendly adj.友好的; 友谊的 ---friendship n.友谊; 友好ern v. 统治; 支配; 管理 ----governor n.统治者; 管理者---government n.政府114.gradual adj.逐渐的; 逐步的 ----gradually adv.115.grateful adj.感激的; 感谢的 ----gratitude n.感谢；感恩不可数116.guide n .领路人; 导游者vt. 指导; 支配; 管理; 带领 -----guidance n.指导; 领导117.happy adj.快乐的; 幸福的-----happiness n. -----happily adv.118.hard adj.硬的; 坚固的adv.努力地; 辛苦地 -----hardship n. 困苦; 艰难;辛苦119.harm vt.伤害; 损害 n.伤害; 损害-----harmful adj. be harmful to120.health n. 健康;卫生-----in good health-----healthy adj.121.help n.帮忙 vt.帮助; 助长------helpful adj. ---helpfully adv.---helpless adj.无助的; 无能的; 没用的122.hesitate v.犹豫; 踌躇; 不愿----hesitation n.犹豫; 踌躇 ---without hesitation毫不犹豫123.honest adj.诚实的; 正直的----honesty n.诚实; 正直 ----dishonest adj.不诚实的124.hope n.希望; 信心v.希望; 盼望 hoped; hoping ----hopeful adj.怀有希望的; 有希望的 hopeless adj.没有希望的; 绝望的; 不可救药 ---with the hope of怀着…希望125.hunger n.饥饿; 欲望; 渴望 v.饥饿----hungry adj. -----a hunger for kindness 渴望得到恩惠hunger 作名词 ------hunger for friends 极想有朋友hunger作动词126.impossible adj.不可能的 ---possible adj.可能的 ----possibility n.可能性; 可能发生的事物127.impress vt. 印; 盖印; 留下印象----impression n. 印象; 感想----impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的;感人的;引人注目的128.independent adj.独立自主的; 不受约束的-----independence n.独立; 自主----dependent adj. 依靠的; 依赖的----dependence n.依靠; 依赖; 信任; 信赖129.injure vt.损害; 伤害-----injury n.伤害; 侮辱 injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的130.inspect vt.检查; 视察----inspection n.检查; 视察131.insure vt.给...保险----insurance n.保险; 保险单; 保险业; 保险费132.intelligence n.智力; 聪明; 智能-----intelligent adj.聪明的; 伶俐的;有才智的133.invent vt.发明; 创造----invention n. inventor n.134.invite vt.邀请; 引起----invitation n. -----accept decline an invitation 接受拒绝邀请135.judge n.法官; 审判员; 裁判员 vt.审理; 鉴定; 判断----judgment n.审判;判决; 判断力136.just adj.正义的; 公正的------justice n.正义; 正当; 公平 adv. 正好; 仅仅; 刚才137.kind n.种类; 性质adj.仁慈的; 和蔼的; 亲切的; 友爱的-----kindness-----kindly adv.温和地; 亲切地st adj 最后的反义词first无比较级和最高级----lastly 最后一点lasting adj 持久的;永恒的ugh v. 笑;大笑----n.笑声----n. laughter burst into laughter 爆发出笑声y－laid－laid 摆；搁；放lie―lay―lain v. 平躺;卧；位于；躺下；在于；lie－lied－lied说谎 n 谎言;假话――tell a lie lay-laid-laid 放置;下蛋141.likely adj 很可能的;可期待的---…. adv.或许; 很可能多用于most; very 之后sb. be likely to do某人很可能会做142.live adj. 活的生动的; 精力充沛的; 实况转播的; 点燃的----lively adj.活泼的; 活跃的; 栩栩如生的; 真实的---- living adj.活的; 逼真的; 现存的143.long adj. 长的; 长期的 --vi.渴望; 热望long for…/ long to do ---adv.长期地; 始终----length n.长度; 长; 时间的长短 ----lengthen v.延长; 使变长 ----lengthened adj. 加长的144.luck n.运气;命运；好运;幸运; 吉祥物----lucky adj幸运的;好运的---- luckily adv. 幸运地;幸好----unluckily 不幸地;倒霉地145.manage vi.处理; 应付过去----manager n.经理; 管理人员; 管理器----management n.经营; 管理; 处理; 操纵146.mean adj.低劣的; 卑鄙的; ; 吝啬的 ----meaning n. 意义; 含意; 意图----meaningful adj.意味深长的----meaningless adj无意义的147.medical adj.医学的; 内科的; 医药的――medical care---medicine n药; 医学; 内科学148.move .v移动; 搬家--movement n 运动; 动作 ----moving / moved adj 149.music n 音乐; 乐曲――musical adj音乐的; 悦耳的；n.音乐喜剧――musician n 音乐家150.nature n.自然; 自然界; 大自然; 自然状态; 本性; 天性----natural adj.自然的; 自然界的; 天生的; 天赋的 --naturally adv自然地;天生地;不用人工地151.necessary a.必要的; 必需的; 必然 unnecessary adj.----necessarily adv.必要地----necessity n.必要性; 需要;必需品152.paint油漆 n./v.---painter./ n..---painting n.153.participate参加 v.----participation n.154.particular尤其 adj.---particularly adv.155.patience耐心n. ---patient n/adj. —patiently /adv156.peace 和平/n.---peaceful /adj.157.perform表演v. ---performer n. ---performance n158.permit允许v. ---permit n.许可;许可证 ---permission n.---permitting159.person个人n. --- personal adj. ----personally adv ---personality个性;人品160.persuade说服 v ----persuasive adj161.pollute污染 v. ---pollution n.162.possess拥有 v. ----possession n.163.possible 可能的adj ----possibly adv ----possibility n.164.practice实践n. -----practice v. ----practical adj165.prefer 更喜欢 v. ------preference n.166.present礼物/出席 n./v. ----presentation n. 陈述;报告;介绍;赠送167.probable可能的 adj ----probably adj168.protect保护 v ---protection n.169.punish 惩罚 v----punishment n.170.real真正的 adj ---really adv ---reality n. 现实;现实性;真实情况171.receive 接收v. ----receiver n.接受者;收款员；接收器---reception n.接待；欢迎；招待会 ---receptionist n.接待员172.regular 有规律的adj ---regularly adv. ---regulation n. 管理；规章；规则 regulations173.relate相关 v. —relation n. ---relationship n.174.rely信赖 v.---reliable adj 32.refer参考 v. ----reference n.175.require 需求 v. ------requirement n.176.reserve v. 储备；保留；预约 n.保存;储备;储存-----reservation n. 177.retire 退休 v---retirement n.178.resist抵制 v ----resistance n.179.respond 回应/响应v. ----responsible adj责任 ---responsibility n. 180.sad adj.--- sadly adv. ---sadness n; 同义词unhappy; upset; 反义词happy 181.safe adj 安全--- safely adv. ---safety n.--- safe n.保险箱;保险柜---secure adj. ---security n.182.sale n.卖;出卖；销售额;销售 ---sell vt ; for sale待售；--salesman pl.pl. saleswomen183.satisfy vt.使满意 ----satisfactory adj 令人满意的 ----satisfied感到满意的 ----adj. satisfying adj令人满意的 ----satisfaction n 满意;184.seat n.& v.座位;使坐下； seated adj. Be seated.请坐下..185.self–selves—selfish---unselfish无私的—unselfishness--selfless无私的 self-confident自信的186.sense n. 感官;官能;感觉;意义 sensitive敏感的187.serve vt. 招待;服务；serve as 充当;担任;---- service n. 效劳;服务;服伺;招待；serve the people heart and soul.全心全意为人民服务；188.settle vi. 安顿;定居;解决；settlement n. settler n.移居者 settle in 安顿下来189.shame n. 羞愧;耻辱 shameful adj.可耻的190.simple adj.简单的；simplify v使简单化191.skill n. 技能;技巧； skillful adj熟练的192.snow n. snowy adj下雪的193.succeed v. ---success n. ---successful adj. ---successfully adv. 194.sudden adj. 突然 all of a sudden; suddenly195.suggest v.建议 ---suggestion n. suggested answer参考答案196.suffer vi. 受痛苦;忍受;容忍 --- suffering----suffer from197.survival n.幸存;；survive vt./vi生存；幸存 ---survivor n. 幸存者198.surround vt.围绕;包围； surrounding adj 周围的；surroundings n. 周围的环境199.taste v. 尝;尝起来 tasty adj.可口的= delicious。