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Topic1Hometown/PoHutionabovesea1eve1海拔acidrain酸雨administrativeadj.管理的，行政的administrativedesignatedcity行政区划城市airqua1ity空气质量architectura1adj.建筑上的，建筑学的atmosphericpo11ution大气污染automobi1eemission汽车尾气排放combustionn.燃烧commercen.商业comprehensiveuti1ization广泛的利用environmenta1po11ution环境］亏染exchangen.交流，交易extantadj.现存的，未毁的faci1itatev.t（不以人作主语）使便利financia1input财政收入foreign-investedenterprise外资企业fossi1energy有机能源fossi1fue1矿物燃料furnacen.燃炉geotherma1power地热confrontvt.使面临；对抗consumptionn.消费;消耗量contaminationn,污染continenta1c1imate大陆性气候crad1en.摇篮；发源地democraticadj.民主的,民主主义的eco1ogica1environment生态环境east1ongitude东经economicprosperity经济繁荣enterpriseenvironmentsupervisionandmanagement企业环境监督与管理’signandratify签署partic1en.微粒pedestriann.行人po11utantdischarge污染物排放preferentia1po1icy优惠政策prosperityn.繁荣recyc1ab1eresources再生能源residentia1quarter居住区scenicspot景点g1oba1c1imatechange全球气候变化greenhousegas温室气体green-houseeffect温室效应heavypo11ution重污染imp1ementv.t贯彻，执行industria1renovation产业/工业革新investmentenvironment投资环境1argesca1epractica1use大规模实际应用1ayoutofurbanfunction城市职能规划1egis1ativeadj.立法的1ong-termadj.长期的1owhi11y1and丘陵地metropo1isn.主要都市；大都会metropo1itanadj.主要都市的，大城市的miracu1ousadj.奇迹的,不可思议的municipa1adj.市政的，市立的north1atitude北纬outstandingadj.突出的,显著的ozone1ayer臭氧层parkingIot停车场Topic2Hobby/Co1antiquen.古董bungeejumpingn.蹦极ca11igraphyn.书法so1arenergy太阳能sp1endorn.光彩；壮观；杰出street1ight路灯su1furdioxide二氧化硫sustainab1eadj.可持续的te1ephone/phonebooth电话亭vita1ityn,活力,生命力wa1ksign行人信号灯withrespectto至于，关于aboundin充满,富于beassociatedwith与... 相关becompatib1ewith与.. 兼容beconfinedto局限于contributeto捐献;起一份作用enhanceeconomicgrowth促进经济增长intensifyenvironmenta1manage ment促进经济增长raiseenergyuti1izationefficiency提高能源利用率c1ayfigurine泥塑，泥人c1oisonnen.景泰蓝瓷器coinn.硬币crosswordn.填字游戏refinedtaste高雅的品味crysta1n,水晶representv.t代表jaden.玉器romanticadj.浪漫的jewe1ryn.珠宝scu1pturen.雕塑jigsawn.拼图游戏sea1n.印章manofversati1etastes兴趣广泛的人stampco11ecting集邮meaningn,意义，含义symbo1izev.t象征mode1n,模型tasten.嗜好musicappreciation音乐欣赏terracottawarriors兵马俑ornamentn,装饰品typesoffacia1makeupin paper-cuttingn.剪纸Pekingopera（京剧）脸谱pastimen.消遣,娱乐beinterestedin/haveataste perfectionistn.完美主义者for对……有兴趣pokern,扑克suitone,staste符合某人的嗜好Topic3C1othingadjustab1es1ipover有纽套衫garishadj.俗气的adornv.装饰g1adc1othesn.（口）时髦的衣服apron/ho1dern.围裙groomv.i修饰attiren,服装hippien.嬉皮士bathgown长浴衣kneesocks;stockings长筒袜bathroben.浴衣1ingerien.女内衣bikini-c1adn.比基尼泳衣1ongc1othes襁褓,婴孩衣服b1azern.颜色鲜明的运动夹克1ongwoo1enunderwear毛线裤b1ousen.女衬衫bo1erosweater开襟毛衫brocadesweater提花毛衣camouf1ageprints迷彩服cardigann.羊毛背心cashmeresweater羊绒衫catwa1kshow时装表演checkeredshirt方格衬衫chemisetten.女紧胸衫Chinese-Sty1efrock旗袍co1ored-spotsshirt花点衬衫Conservativeadj.保守的，守旧的Cottonknitwear线衣cottonsocks 线袜cowboysuit牛仔服cricketshirt;sportsjacket运动衫doub1etn.男紧身上衣dressshirt礼服衬衫embroiderv.t刺绣;镶边;装饰fatiguec1othes工作服，工装f1aredtrousers喇叭裤sweaterpants绒裤swimsuitn.游泳衣tippetn.女式披肩tunicn,束腰上衣1uxuryn.奢侈，华贵muff1er;SCarfn.围巾neck1inen,领口,领圈o1d-fashionedadj.落伍的，过时的orac1en.圣贤;专家pantsuit套装parapherna1ian.随身用具peignoirn.女浴衣p1ainc1othes便衣，便服pajamawithdrawingwaistband束带睡衣ready-madeadj.成衣的SanYatsen,suniform/Chinese tunicsuit中山装satinn.缎子shortsn.短裤socksn.短袜sportssweater运动月艮stagecostume戏服sto1en.女长围巾stripedshirt条子衬衫we11-fittingadj.合身的western-sty1ec1othes/two-piece suit西装women'sdress连衣裙twinsweater套装毛衣underpantsn.衬裤undershirt/T-shirtn.汗衫underskirt;waistpetticoat全中君ve1vetn.天鹅绒wardroben.衣柜woo1ensweater/cardigan羊毛衫zippern.拉链tobeinvogue/fashion流行的tobuyc1othesoffthepeg买现成衣服tojumpintoone'sc1othes匆忙穿上衣服Topic4Musicacademicandsocia1ski11学习与社交技能ChanneIv.t引导c1assica1music古典音乐conceivev.t构思countrymusic乡村音乐expressivefeature表现特征fidd1en.小提琴f1uten.长笛fo1kmusic民乐gong锣popmusic流行乐purify净化ref1ectv.t反映rockmusic摇滚乐harmonyn.和谐individua1creativity个人创造力insightn.洞察力1earningcapabi1ity学习能力1ightmusic轻音乐1ute∩.琵琶me1odyn.优美的曲调mouthorgan口琴percussioninstrument打击乐器phi1harmonicadj.爱好音乐的universa11anguage通用语言zithern.筝tobeinherentin与生俱来的se1f-expressionn,自我表现todispe1unrestand1ust shengn.笙消除不安与欲望teamworkn.团队合作tonurtureindependentthinking toneco1or音色培养独立思考能力uniqueadj.独特的TopicSPhotoairphoto航空摄影fo1kcustom民俗a1bumn.相册historicsite历史遗孤avant-gardeart前卫艺术mobi1emu1timedia移动多媒体b1ack-and-whitephoto黑白照片pixe1n.像素cameraphonen.（具有照相功能的）手机reso1utionn.分辨率,清晰度depictvt,描述sceneryn,风景digita1video数码摄像机snapshotn.快照wirephoto有线传真，传真照片Topic6Readingaudio-visua1studio视听室currentissue现期杂志backcover封底disp1aywindow展示窗backissue/number过期杂志exhibit/disp1ayrack展览架bookcase书橱exhibitionroom/ha11展览室bookreservation典藏fairyta1e神话故事bookvo1ume合订本(fi1m)projectorn.电影放映机briefsn.内容提要（cassette）taperecorder（盒式）磁带录音机cata1oguen.编目chief1ibrarian图书馆长chi1dren's1ibrary儿童图书馆circu1ationdesk借书处c1assifyv.t分类copiern.打印机municipa11ibrary市图书馆nationa11ibrary国家图书馆networkn.网络newspaperfi∣e∕rod报纸夹newspaperrack报架newspaper/periodica1readingroom报纸/期刊阅读室non-bookmateria1s非书籍资料（指手稿、乐谱、唱片和地图等）non-printmedia非印刷载体（指视听资料）notforcircu1ation不夕卜借openinghours开放时间overduenotice催还通知pamph1et/book1etn.小册子pocketb∞k袖珍书记》pub1ic1ibrary大众图书馆鉴》f1ypage扉页frontcover封面incircu1ation借出indexn.索弓∣inter-1ibrary1oan馆际互借internationa11oan国际互借keywordn.关键词1ibrariann,图书管理员microfi1mreader细微阅读机supp1ementaryissue增刊termina1n.终端tit1epage书名页university/academic1ibrary大学图书馆videotaperecorded录像机toaddictonese1fto沉溺于,醉心于Ana1ectsofConfucius《论语》SpringandAutumnAnna1s《春秋》TheC1assicofMountainsand Rivers《山海经》ShiJi/Historica1Records《史HistoryasaMirror《资治通reader ,s ∕admissioncard 借书证 renewa1n.续借 retrieva1n.检索schoo11ibrary 学校图书馆 secondhandbook 旧书 s1ideprojector 幻灯机TortoiseandtheHare 《龟兔赛跑》A1addinandtheMagic1amp 《阿拉丁和神灯》Topic7Transportationaone-waytrip 单程 doub1e-deckern,双层公共汽车ambu1ance 救护车 doub1e-trackn.双轨 automobi1en.机动车 enginen.弓∣擎ferry berthticket 卧铺票 n.渡轮bike-wayn.自行车专用道 fireengine 消防车 bou1evardn.林荫大道 f1yover/overpassn.立交桥 braken.刹车 head1ightn.车前灯 bridgeto11过桥费 high-speedtransportationsbumpern.保险杠 network 高速运输网络 cabn.出租车 highwayn.公路 co11isionn.撞车 hornn.喇叭 conductorn.售票员 horsecarriage 马车 convertib1en.敞篷车 horsepowern,马力TheTrueStoryofAhQ 《阿Q 正传》ASurroundedCity 《围城》 BeautyandtheBeast 《美女和野兽》Cindere11a 《灰姑娘》 SnowWhiteandtheSeven Dwarfs 《白雪公主和七个小矮人》crosswa1kn.人行横道cy1indern,气缸decibe1n.分贝doub1eye11ow1ines双黄线1ightrai1轻轨1ong-distancebus/coach长途(公共)汽车mag1ev(e1ectromagnetic1evitation)磁悬浮marinetransportation海上运输minimumfare基本费用oncommercia1operation商业运彳亍ontria1operation试运行one-waytraffic;oneway单行道over-1oadingn,超载parking1ot/area/p1ace停车场pistondisp1acement总排气量rai1n.铁轨rear-viewmirror后视镜safetyis1and安全岛sidewa1k;pavementn.人行道s1eeper;s1eeper-carn,卧铺车specia1expressticket特快车票vann.运货车infrastructurefaci1ities基础建设设施interchangen.中转站1andtransportation陆地运输speed1imit车速限制sport/racingcar跑车；赛车stationwagon小旅行车steeringwhee1方向盘stop1ight停车灯subwayn.地铁tai11ightn.车尾灯taximeter 用呈表traffic1ane车道traffic1ight交通信号灯trafficregu1ation交通规则trai1ertruck拖车tramn.有轨电车transportationcharges运输费transportationnetwork运输网tro11ey(bus)n.无轨电车Urbanwaterway城市水路Topic8Shoppingabigsa1e大甩卖ma11n.大型购物商场bargainv.讨价还价marketingn.行销bazaarn.集市marketp1acen.市场cashn,现金ConSignment merchandisen.商品shop寄卖店ConVenienCe onsa1e特价store便利店COSmetiCn. onwebsite在网上化妆品optionn.选择creditcard信用卡outofseason淡季dai1ynecessity日用品packagingn.包装e1ectronicgame电子游戏passwordn,密码exchangen.换货paymentbycheck支票支付fina1price底价receiptn.收据f1eemarket跳蚤市场refundn.退款forgedmoney假币registrationn.注册groceryn.杂货regu1arprice正常价格intenseadj.激烈的retai1price零售价格magica1adj.不可思议的shipmentn.出货squaredea1公平交易viaprep通过，凭借stereoequipment音响设备vo1umen.容量,数量streetvendor小贩webbrowser网络浏览器timeconsuming耗时的who1esa1eprice批发价trave1er'scheck旅行支票togowindowshopping逛街turnovern.流通量toshopbymai1邮购varietyn.种类toshopon-1ine网上购物Topic9SpareTime/Re1axationaerobicsn,有氧操1eisureamusement休闲娱乐a1armingadj.令人担忧的1uxuriousadj.奢侈的aromatherapy芳香治疗onone'sowninitiative主动badmintonn.羽毛球paceof1ife生活节奏barn.酒吧physica1condition⅛¼状况bi11iardsn.台球physica1exercise体育锻炼body-bui1dingn,健美physica1fitness/we11-being身体健campusba11ad校园歌曲康consu1tv.t咨询COZy primetime黄金时段adj.惬意的dai1y ref1ectv.反映grind日常琐事stressn.压力experthe1p专业的帮助sub-hea1thystate亚健康状态go1fn.高尔夫球symptomn.症状gym-goern.健身爱好者hea1thy tab1etennis乒乓球1ifesty1e健康的生活方式herb taichi太极拳tea草药unstab1emoodadj.情绪不稳定intense/fiercecompetition激烈的竞争vigorousadj.精力旺盛的irregu1aradj.不规律的c1imbaf1ightofdownstairs爬一1aid-backadj,放松的段楼梯eat a ba1anceddiet摄入营养均衡的饮食haveenoughs1eep有充足睡眠exerciseregu1ar1y 有规律地进行运动 indu1geonese1fina1coho1酗酒 haveago 试一试 kickshutt1ecock 踢健 p1aysoccer 踢足球stretchout 舒展身体Topic1OAdvertisementTopic1IExcitingTripacce1eratev.加速a11-outadj,竭尽全力的，全部的accompanyv.t 陪伴"半奏advertisementofinsurer 承保人广告 advertisern.登广告的人 advertisingn.（总称）广告 advertisingagency/firm 广告公司 advertisingrates 广告价格 charmingvoice 迷人的声音 cheatingadj.有欺骗性的c1assifiedadvertisement 分类广告 co1orfu1image 彩色的图像 commercia1advertisement 商业广告confidentia11yadv 私下地；心腹地 massmedia 大众传媒 mis1eadingadj.误导的 recommendv.t 推荐;介绍te1evisionadvertisement 电视广告 counteractv.t 抵消；中和；阻止emptypromise 无法实现的承诺fakeadvertising 虚假广告f1oweryphrases 华丽的辞藻formu1an,公式;规则;配方fu11pageadvertisement 整页的大广告paragraphadvertisement 写闻性的广告persuasiveadj.有说服力的 pub1ishers'advertisement 出版商广告wideadvertisement 广为宣传advertiseajob 登一则招聘广告advertisethegoods 为商品做广告adventuren,冒险airroute/1ine航线airsick晕机boardingcard登机牌boundaryriver界河bysea乘船，经海路bird-watchingn.观鸟campfiren.篝火canoen.独木舟conquerv.征月艮consumptionn.消费continuityn.连续性cu1tivatev.培养curiosityn.好奇心deepenv.深化destinationn.目的地directf1ight直飞distinguishingfeature不同的特色diversifyv.使多样化dumpvt.倾倒economyc1ass经济舱exp1orev.探险historica1bui1ding历史建筑hydro1ogicadj.水文的atsea在海上航行auxi1iaryitem辅助项目beachn.海滩motivate v.激发nationa1connotation民族内涵non-stopf1ight连续飞行over1apv.重叠overnightadj.通宵的pagodan.塔PreCioUSadj.珍贵的Promotev.促进remoteareas偏远地区resortn.胜Itferiverboatn.江轮river-siden.江畔sa1t1ake盐湖;盐池searoute 海上交通线sea-bathingn.海水浴seasona11ake季节性湖泊seria1izev.系列化sewagen.污水，污物sightseeingn.观光skydivingn.跳伞运动smoothf1ight平稳的飞行inaccordancewith与…一致soothingadj.清静宜人的industrysca1e行业规模standardizev.标准化intensifyv.强化，加强supp1ementationn.补充intoxicatingadj.令人陶醉的systematizev.标准化itineraryn.路线tentn.帐篷kayakingn.划皮船theForbiddenCity紫禁城1andvt.着陆theGreat1akes北美洲五大湖1eisuren.休闲theYangtzeRiver长江1odgingfaci1ities住宿设施theYe11owSea黄海marketmainstay主流市场torrent(ia1)river急流河川modeofdeve1opment发展模式touristbe1t旅游带transformationn.转换enrichtypes丰富种类trave1agency旅行社expandone'shorizon开阔视野unfathomab1eadj.神秘莫测的facethewind迎风unspoi1edadj.未被破坏的getoffap1ane下飞机upperriver上游readjuststructure重新调整结构wi1dernesscamping里予夕卜宿营reformmechanism改革机制Sai1 wi1d1ifen.野外动物board onthesea在海上航行SWimin ap1ane±1S⅛1conform thesea在海中游泳takeoff起to使一致ContrO1quantity 飞控制数量Topic12Fami1yMemberadoptedfather/mother养父/母b1oodre1ationship血缘关系affinityn.姻亲关系ancestorn.祖先auntn.伯母/婶母/舅母/姑母birth-contro1p1anning/fami1yp1anning 计划生育daughter-in-1awn.儿媳妇descendantn,后代，B免辈descendantn.后代,晚辈DINK(Doub1eIncomenoKids)fami1y 丁克家庭(双收入但无孩子的家庭) dynastyn.朝代extractionn.家世fami1y1ife家庭生活fami1ytree家谱father-in-1aw公公;岳父generationn.代granddaughtern,孙女grandfather祖父/外公grandmother祖母/外婆grandsonn.孙子greatgreatgrandfather/grandmother 曾祖父/母greatgrandson玄孙branchn.支，系bread-winnern.养家糊口的人brother-in-1awn.小叔/姐夫/妹夫c1ann.氏族cousinn.表兄弟/姊妹；堂兄弟/姊妹NPG(negativepopu1ationgrowth)人口负增长ofhumb1ebirth平民出身ofnob1ebirth贵族出身originn.出身overpopu1ationn.人口过剩partnern.伴侣paterna1adj.父系的popu1ationdensity人口密度popu1ationexp1osion人口爆炸progenyn.后裔racen.种族re1ative/kinn.亲属sib1ingn.同胞ging1e-parentfami1y单亲家庭sister-in-1awn.小姑/嫂子/弟妹/她socia1status社会地位1ineagen.宗族,世系ha1f-brothern.同父异母或同母异父的兄弟in-1awsn.配偶一方的亲戚marita1status婚姻状况match-maker/go-betweenn,媒人materna1adj.母系的mother-in-1awn.婆婆nextofkin近亲nephewn,侄子;外甥niecen.侄女;外甥女son-in-1awn.女婿stepfathern.继父stepmothern.继母stockn.门第,血统successionn.继承triben.部族，部落unc1en.大伯/叔叔/舅舅/姑父underpopu1ationn.人口不足ZPG(zeropopu1ationgrowth)人口零增长Topic13CreativeAbi1ityaccomp1ishmentn.成就，技艺bookmark书签competencen.能力craftn.手艺craftbrother同行craftgui1d技巧；手工艺行会craftunion同行工会CreatiVe adj.仓U造性的CreatiVespirit创造性思维CreatiVityn.创造力，创造decoratev.装饰，为…做室内装修grass/strawbasketry草编制品handicraftn.手工艺，手工艺品humanityn.人性，人类；博爱，immersev.t沉浸，使陷入incredib1eadj.难以置信的inkstone砚台knittingn.编织knittingneed1e绒线针1anternn.灯笼1eisuren.空闲,闲暇，悠闲DIY（Doityourse1f）自己动手做doub1e-sidedembroidery双面绣doughfigurine面人embroideryn,刺绣endeavorn,尽力，竭力entertainmentn.款待，娱乐（表演）enthusiasmn.狂热，热心;积极性envisionvt.尽力,竭力entertainmentn.款待，娱乐（表演）enthusiasmn.狂热，热心，积极性fi1igreen.金银丝镶嵌gent1ecraft钓鱼术；钓鱼伙伴re1axationn.松弛，娱乐reputab1eadj.著名的roten.死记硬背routinen.例行公事sanda1woodfan檀香扇schoo1forartsandcrafts工艺技校shadowfigure皮影Topic14Wi1dante1ope羚羊bamboon.竹子batn.蝙蝠mandarincoat旗袍mediocreadj.普普通通的motiven.动机z目的nove1adj.新颖的;异常的novicen.新手,初学者novicen.新手papercutting剪纸PerSOna1stamp个人的痕迹PhySiCa11abor体力劳动Potentid1n.潜能P「ofessiona1n.专业人员PUPPetn.木偶she11carving贝雕si1kembroidery丝绣souvenirbadge纪念章stoneandjadecarving石亥U和玉雕techniquen,技术，技巧woodcarving木雕writingbrush毛笔Anima1mamma1n.哺乳动物moosen,当它鹿ow1n.猫头鹰bearn.熊pandan.熊猫beastofburden驮兽pandaexhibitionha11熊猫馆b1ackbear狗熊parrotn.鹦鹉bu11frogn.牛蛙peacockn.孑I J雀came1n.骆驼penguinn,企鹅cheetahn.猎豹pondn.池⅛puma chipmunkn.花狸鼠n,美洲豹reindeer circusn.马戏n.驯鹿repti1en.crocodi1en.鳄鱼爬虫rodentn.0齿齿crown.乌鸦动物Sea1n.海豹deern.鹿snai1n.蜗牛dragonn.龙sparrown,麻雀e1ephantn.大象spidern.蜘蛛ferociousadj,凶恶的，凶猛的squirre1n.松鼠foxn.狐狸swa11own,燕子furn.皮毛swann,天鹅giraffen.长颈鹿tai1n.尾巴gori11an.大猩猩tigern.老虎hare/rabbitn.兔子toadn.蟾蛛hedgehogn.刺猬tortoisen.乌龟hippon.河马wha1en.鲸immense1ystrong非常强健wo1fn.狼1eopardn.金钱豹1ionn.狮子Topic15Unusua1Weatheradverseadj.不利的forestationn.植树造林basinn.盆地be1owfreezing零下bitterco1dness严寒breezen微Jx1deforestationn.采伐森林diken.堤防dividing1ine分界线downpourn.倾盆大雨drizz1en.细雨dry/wetmonsoon干/湿季风eco1ogica1environment生态环境forestdegradation森林退化fourdistinctiveseasons四季分明frostn,霜冻gustn.一阵风hai1n.冰雹heavyrain大雨humidadj.湿润的hurricanen.飓Jx1hydrau1ic project水利工程moderate rain中雨moistadj.潮湿的natura1ca1amity自然灾难rainfa11distribution降雨分布rescuevt.营救sanddune沙丘sandstormn.沙尘暴scorchingadj.灼热的showern.阵雨s1eetn.冰雨strongwind大风threefamous"furnaces”三大"火炉" ThreeGorgesReservoir三峡水库thunderstormn.雷雨tornadon.龙卷风unbearab1eadj.难耐的victimn.受害人whir1windn.旋风Topic16Fi1mAcademyAwards金像奖actionmovie动作片admission;ticketn.入场券;票adventurestory冒险故事片bitp1ayer小演员b1ackwhitepicture黑白电影CannesInternationa1MovieFestiva1戛纳国际影展cast演员表；全体演员characteractor性格演员cinemastage银幕前舞台c1ose-upn.特写镜头co1orfi1m彩色镜头comedyn.喜剧comicbook漫画，连环画copyn.拷贝criticn.批评家detectivestory侦探片directorn.导演documentaryfi1m记录片drive-inn.汽车影院（顾客可坐在自己的车上看电影）animatedcartoon/animation;carto on卡通片;动画片assistantdirector副导演Ber1inInternationa1Movie Festiva1柏林国际影展Go1denHorsePrize （MovieFeStiVaI）金马奖（影展）horrormovie恐怖片heroine 女主角hero男主演1engthymotionpictures长片1iteraryfi1m文艺片1ocationn.外景地1ove/romancestory言情电影motionpicturestudio;fi1mstudio电影制片厂moviefan/goer影迷musica1音乐片newsree1n.新闻片nouve11ev.ague新潮派影片Oscar奥斯卡奖panoramicfi1m全景电影dubbingn.酉己音photographer/cameraman摄影者editingn.剪接re1ease首次公映ethica1fi1m伦理片producer制片人extran.特别客串演员projectorn.放映机featuren.故事片propertyn,道具fi1madaptedfromap1ay编剧改编的电影roadshow新影片专场放映fi1mcritic影评家scenarist剧作家SCienCefi1mfestiva1电影节fiction科幻电影fi1mstar电影明星screenp1ayn.电影剧本fi1mdomn.电影界shootV,拍摄firstscent片头shorterfeature短片fu11house客满soundeffect音响效果spyn.反特片；间谍片specia1effect⅞⅜J5ster∞scopicfi1m立体电影tragedyn.悲剧superimposeddia1ogue序幕trai1er∕previewn.预告片supportn,配角usheretten.女弓I座员swordsmenfi1m武侠片uti1itymann.跑龙套演员technico1orn.特艺七彩片VeniceInternationa1Moviethri11n.惊险电影Festiva1威尼斯国际影展box/ticketoffice售票处Westernmovie西部片tit1en.片名wide-screenfi1m宽银幕电影Topic17GiftAtagift白送birthday/Christmasgift生日/圣诞byfreegift作为免费赠品cherishvt.珍爰co1ognen,古龙香水compactdiscp1ayer激光唱机compactdisc;CD激光唱片durab1eadj.持久的，耐用的exemptgift免税赠予giftwaren.可当礼品的物品gift-wrapvt.以丝带、花结及华丽的纸张包装礼品Greekgift图谋害人的礼物matureadj.成熟的Mutua1gift相互赠予pocketca1cu1ator袖珍计算器sensitiveadj.敏感的sentimenta1adj.感伤性的,感情脆弱的undershortsn.（复）（男式）短衬裤va1uab1eadj.贵重的，有价值的videocamera摄像机wadvt,把……卷为一卷Wa1kmann,随身听toendowwith赋予tomakearestaurantreservation预订餐厅topresentwithagift赠送礼物Topic18Peop1ebeardn.络腮胡子b1ondadj.金发的b1∞dshedn.血缘关系buttonn.ose扁鼻bygoneyears过去的岁月cheekn.颊comp1exionn.肤色，面色consciousadj.意识到的crownn,王冠dark-hairedadj.黑头发的devotionn.热爱，投入eccentricn.怪人chestn.胸部chinn.下巴descendantn.子孙，后裔，后代eyebrown,眉毛eye1ashn.眼睫毛feministn,男女平等主义者，女权扩张论者f1atteringadj.令人喜欢的，奉承的foreheadn.前额fostervt,养育,培养frai1adj.虚弱的,脆弱的fraudu1entadj.欺诈的，欺骗性的，骗得的Greciannose鼻梁笔直的鼻子insecureadj.不可靠的，不安全的,危险的intense1yadv强烈地jawn.下颗knuck1en.指关节1apn.（坐时的）大腿前部，膝盖1ovab1eadj.可爱的moustachen.小胡子moustache/mustache上唇上的小胡子napkinn,餐巾，餐巾纸nostri1n,鼻孔nursinghome养老院eccentricityn.怪癖e1aborateadj.精心构思的pupi1n.瞳孔reminiscev.追忆rhetoricadj.花言巧语ritua1n.典礼；（宗教）仪式Roman/aqui1inenose鹰钩鼻senseofhumor幽默感severe1yadj.严厉的sideboardsn.鬓角snubnose 塌鼻子；狮子鼻stubb1en.短鬓temp1en.太阳穴thri11ingadj.惊心动魄的f使人感动的time-wrink1edadj.布满皱纹的townfo1k镇上的人trademarkn,商标traumaticadj,痛苦而难忘的unru1yadj.不受拘束的,不守规矩的，难驾驭的wign.假发wrink1en.皱纹beagingfast老得很快onanotheroccasion还有一次beweakwithage体百寻p1ainadj.衣着朴素的becomestrickenwithcancer患上preciseadj.一丝不苟的癌症haveagoodsenseofhumor彳艮有幽默感re1yonsb∕sth.依赖Topic19RestaurantbraiseVt煲；心pub1ic/servingchopstick公用筷子cafeterian,自助餐厅quick-fryVt爆ca1orien.卡路里（热量单位）roastvt.烤cerea1n.谷类sa1tyadj.闲的cheesen.干酪saturatedfat饱和脂肪chi1in.红辣椒sca11ionn.葱cho1estero1n,胆固醇sesamepaste芝麻酱civetcat果子狸shrimpoi1虾油eateryn.餐厅simmervt.煨fermentedbeancurd腐孚1 smokevt.熏fibern.纤维snackn.小吃fish-f1avoredadj.鱼香的soysauce酱油gingern.姜spicy-hotadj.麻烦的high/IoWfat高/低脂肪starchyfood淀粉类食品hotandsour酸辣steamv.t清蒸hygienicadj.卫生的stewvt.炖ingredientn.原料stir-fryvt.炒1eanmeat瘦肉substitutev.代替margarinen.人造黄油sugarfreeadj.无糖的minera1n.矿物质sugaredgar1ic糖蒜nourishmentn,营养theCenterforDiseaseContro1& oatn.燕麦Prevention疾病控制和预防中心pan-fryv.t煎theF∞dPyramid食物金字塔pick1edchive腌香葱transparentbeann.ood1es粉丝p1ain-fryvt.清炒uniquef1avor独特风味popcornn.爆米花wheatn.小麦pou1tryn.家禽who1egrainadj.全米的proteinn.蛋白质yogurtn.酸奶accountfor占dresswithstarchysauce勾英beoriginatedfrom由..•弓∣起serveseparatedish提供分餐braisewithsoysauce红烧Topic20Roomair-conditioner空调bathroomn.浴室ambryn.壁橱bedspreadn,床单,床罩baby z scot婴儿床besidetab1e;nighttab1e;ba1conyn.阳台nightstand床头柜bookshe1fn.书架knockdownfurniture活动家具bunga1own.平房1ampshade灯罩carpetn.地毯1aundryroom洗衣间carvedfurniture雕刻家具1awnn.翼平ce11arn.地窖1ivingroom客厅,起居室centra1heatingsystem中央暖气系统chimneyn,烟囱c1osetn.壁橱，储藏室,测试combinationfurniture组合家具corridorn,走廊dimensionn.范围diningroom餐厅doub1ebed双人床drapen.窗帘dressern.梳妆台dwe11ingn.住所，寓所e1ectricb1anket电热毯e1ectricfan电扇e1ectricheater电暖炉endtab1e茶几exhaustfan排气风扇，抽风机f1anne1-coveredadj.用法兰绒包裹的f1owerbed花坛garagen.车库guestroom客房hearthn.炉膛heatingn.供热1oveseat双人沙发masterbedroom主人房nighttab1e床头柜nookn.角落par1orn,客厅，会客厅pi11owcase枕套premisen.房屋rockeryn.假山r∞fn.屋顶,房顶showerhead淋浴器shuttern.百叶窗simmousbed席梦思床storeroomn.储藏室studyn.储藏室suitn.套房tubn.浴盆utensi1n.器具vasen.花瓶waterc1oset 厕所watersupp1y自来水woodfurniture木质家具Topic21Ho1idayZFestiva1a1mondn,杏仁fireworksn,烟花ancestorn.祖先giftmoney压岁钱Apri1Foo1,sDay愚人节g1utinousricef1our黏米面ArborDay植树节bean IndependenceDay（美）独立日paste豆沙CeIebratevt. ingredientn.成分庆祝CeremOnyn.仪式jujubepaste枣泥chatvi&n聊天1aborDay劳动节Christmasn.圣诞节doughn.生面团1antern灯笼1iondance舞狮（todispe1evi1dragondance舞龙（toexpectgood andbringgood1uck）weatherandgoodharvests）1otusseed莲子IUnar Eastern.复活节adj.阴历的mincedeggyo1k蛋黄meat肉馅moon∙exhibitof1anterns灯会caken.月饼fami1yreuniondinner团圆饭Mother'sDay坦亲节fi11ingn.馅Nationa1Day国庆节firecrackersn.爆竹（toscareoffevi1NewYearpainting年画spiritsandghostswiththe1oudpop）NewYear'sDay新年offsacrificestoone'sancestors nian-gao/Newyearcake年糕祭祖宗theQingming/mourningFestiva1清明节Originatevi.起源theSeventhEvening七夕节Redpackets红包(asymbo1of Fortuneandwea1thinthecomingyear) theSpringFestiva1/Chinesenew Year春节Ridd1eswrittenon1anterns灯谜traditiona1opera戏曲springc1eaning大扫除Va1entine'sDay情人节springfestiva1coup1ets春联varietyshow杂耍staying-upn.守岁wa1nutkerne1瞬K仁taboo禁忌worshipvt.拜神tangerinen.橘子bidfarewe11totheo1dyear辞旧岁Teacher'sDay教师节dospringfestiva1shopping买年货theDoub1eninthFestiva1重阳节getridofthei11-fortune去晦气theDragonBoatFestiva1端午节givenewyear'sgreetings拜年the1anternFestiva1元宵节offerasacrificeto祭祀theMid-AutumnFestiva1中秋节proposeatoast敬酒Topic22Chi1dactiveadj.主动的,活跃的b1ondadj.金发碧眼adaptab1eadj.适应性强的contact1enses隐形眼镜aggressiveadj.有进取心的creativeadj.富创造力的a1ertadj.机灵的doub1eeye1id双眼皮aspiringadj.有志气的,有抱负的fringesn.刘海ambitiousadj.雄心壮志的know1edgeab1eadj.有见识的gent1eadj.有礼貌的1eanadj.瘦independentadj.有主见的1ong/shortp1aits长/短辫子industriousadj.勤奋的modestadj.谦虚的ingeniousadj.有独创性的overweightn.超重inte11igentadj.理解力强的partedinthemidd1e中分inventiveadj.有创造性的p1umpcheeks胖乎乎的脸蛋earnestadj.认真的pointedchin尖下巴strictadj.严格的ponytai1马尾辫sensib1eadj.明白事理的pony-tai1n.马尾巴发型s1imadj.苗条的smartadj.精明的spoi1edadj,宠坏了的contemp1ativeadj,沉思的straightnose直鼻梁haveaninquiringmind动脑筋sweptback向后梳的wearg1asses戴眼镜tire1essadj.孜孜不倦Topic23Fami1yApp1iancec1ickv.发出滴答声Coffee inordinateadj.紊乱的maker咖啡壶COoking ironn.电熨斗utensi1炊事用具CU1tUra1 1aptopn.手提电脑change文化变迁dish 1urev.弓I诱washer洗碗机domestic mi1estonen.里程碑；转折点work家务活DVDp1ayer mobi1ephone手tΓ1ornament DVD播放机n.装饰物DVDrecorderDVD刻录机PDA(persona1Digita1Assistant) economicchange经济转变电子记录本egg-beatern.打蛋器kerosenestove煤油炉gasstove煤气炉toastern.土司炉e1ectricstove电炉refrigeratorn.电冰箱kitchenrange（使用煤气或电的）炉灶recordern.录音机ovenn.烤箱microwave robotn.机器人oven微波炉forten.长switchn.开关处vacuumc1eaner吸尘器fridgen.冰箱VCDp1ayerv.CD播放器furnishingsn.（常用复）家具；设备；agreewith同意，适合陈设品appea1to上诉Hairdryern.电吹风changeforthebetter(theworse) HI-FIaudio高保真音响变好变坏humdrumadj.单调的changerea1ity变革现实industria1change工业变革reachfor伸手拿东西inescapab1eadj.逃不掉的，不可避免的yeanfor渴望Topic24Educationacademicperformance architecturen.建筑学学业成绩，学术成就artssubject文科学科anthropo1ogyn.人类学auditor/gueststudent旁听生bache1or'sdegree学士学位graduate应届毕业生boardern.住宿生graduationceremony毕业典礼boardingschoo1寄宿学校graduationthesis毕业论文businessadministration工商ffS headmaster小学校长/男校长civi1engineeringn.土木工程heuristicteaching启发式教学coachv.辅导humanitiesn.人文学科comprehensiveuniversity i11iteraten.文盲综合性大学individua1education个另U辅导continuingeducation继续教育informationscienceandbache1orn.学士techno1ogy信息科学与技术creditsystem学分制curricu1umn.课程inputineducation教育投入journa1ismn.新闻学daystudent走读生enro11mentn.注册deann.系主任juniorn.大三学生demographyn.入学口1ecturern.讲师dip1oman.文凭doctor 1ogicn.逻辑学n∙博士1owergradeStUdent低年级学生doctora1degree博士学位make-upexam补考economicsn.经济学masscommunication大众传播学educationcentre教育中心master'sdegree硕士学位educationsystem教育制度medica1sch∞1医学院educationa1administrative norma1university师范大学organization教育行政组织objective(subjective)teste1ectronicengineering电子工程学客（主）观题测试enro11v.招生one'so1dschoo1医学院expositoryteaching灌输式教学open-booktest/exam开卷考试facu1tyn.（大学的）系，科ora1exam口语考试freshmann.大一学生part-timestudent半工半读的学生fu11professor正教授pedagogyn.教育学fu11-timestudent全日制学制po1ytechnicinstitution综合技术教育graduaten.（大学）毕业生graduateschoo1研究生院graduatingstudent/thisyear's professionn.职业pub1icschoo1公立学校revo1utionaryadj.创新的scho1arshipn.奖学金se1ectiveexam选拔考试seniorn.大四学生shamexam模拟考试socio1ogyn.社会学sophomoren.大二学生StateEducationCommission国家教委sy11abusn.教学大纲teachingassistant助教presidentn.（大学的）校长principa1中学校长privateschoo1私立学校traditiona1Chinesemedica1science中医学undergraduatestudent大学本科生universityof1ibera1arts文科大学upper/highergradestudent/pupi1高年级学生cheatonatest考试作弊furtherone,sstudy深造monitoranexamination监考repeataschoo1year留级take/sitforanexam参加步式te11onacheater告发作弊者雅思口语最常用的“小词”Co11oquia1WordsandPhrases◊前面标的词句表示极为常用，一定要熟练掌握◊对于没有标的词句，如果时间很紧就不要记了。
高二英语科技成果单选题50题(带答案)1.The development of technology has brought many____changes to our lives.A.significantB.insignificantC.occasionalD.rare答案：A。
本题考查形容词辨析。
“significant”表示重大的、显著的；“insignificant”表示不重要的；“occasional”表示偶尔的；“rare”表示罕见的。
科技的发展给我们的生活带来了很多重大的变化，所以选A。
2.Modern technology has created____tools for communication.A.efficientB.inefficientC.limitedeless答案：A。
“efficient”表示高效的；“inefficient”表示低效的；“limited”表示有限的；“useless”表示无用的。
现代科技创造了高效的通讯工具，所以选A。
3.The new scientific discovery is of____importance.A.greatB.littleC.someD.no答案：A。
本题考查固定搭配。
“of great importance”表示非常重要。
新的科学发现非常重要，所以选A。
4.Technological advances have led to____improvements in healthcare.A.dramaticB.slightC.noD.rare答案：A。
“dramatic”表示巨大的、戏剧性的；“slight”表示轻微的；“no”表示没有；“rare”表示罕见的。
科技进步给医疗保健带来了巨大的改善，所以选A。
5.The latest technology product is____in design.A.advancedB.backwardC.old-fashionedD.outdated答案：A。
全国大学英语CET四级考试模拟试卷及解答参考一、写作（15分）Section I: Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic “The Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Abroad”. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Writing Sample:Studying abroad is an experience that can be both exhilarating and challenging. On one hand, it offers numerous advantages that contribute to personal growth and career development. When students go abroad, they are exposed to new cultures, which can broaden their perspectives and foster a deeper understanding of the world. Additionally, international study programs often provide access to cutting-edge research and technology, as well as opportunities to learn from leading experts in various fields. Furthermore, studying in a foreign country can enhance language skills and communication abilities, which are highly valued by employers around the globe.On the other hand, there are also some disadvantages associated with studying overseas. The cost of living and tuition fees in many countries can be significantly higher, placing a financial burden on students and their families. Moreover, being away from home for an extended period can lead tofeelings of homesickness and isolation, especially if the student struggles to integrate into the local community. There’s also the challenge of adapting to a different educational system, which might not always align with the student’s learning style or previous academic experiences.In conclusion, while studying abroad has its pros and as well as cons, it is up to each individual to weigh these factors and decide whether such an opportunity is right for them. It is important to consider personal goals, financial circumstances, and adaptability before making the decision to embark on this life-changing journey.Analysis:•Introduction: The writer starts by acknowledging the dual nature of studying abroad, highlighting that it is both exciting and filled with challenges. This sets the stage for a balanced discussion.•Body Paragraphs:•The first body paragraph focuses on the benefits of studying abroad. The writer points out three key advantages: exposure to new cultures, access to advanced resources, and improvement in language and communicationskills. Each point is briefly explained to support the claim.•In the second body paragraph, the writer addresses the potential drawbacks.The high costs, emotional difficulties like homesickness, and the need to adapt to a new educational system are all mentioned. These points help to present a realistic view of the experience.•Conclusion: The concluding paragraph summarizes the main ideas and suggests that the suitability of studying abroad depends on thei ndividual’s personal circumstances. It encourages readers to carefullyconsider their own situation before deciding, reinforcing the idea that while the experience can be beneficial, it is not without its challenges.•Language and Style: The sample uses clear and concise language, appropriate for a formal essay. Transitions between paragraphs and within paragraphs are smooth, ensuring that the flow of the argument is logical and easy to follow. The use of specific examples (e.g., “access tocutting-edge rese arch and technology”) adds credibility to the arguments presented.This writing sample effectively demonstrates how to structure a balanced argumentative essay, providing a good model for students preparing for the CET-4 writing section.二、听力理解-短篇新闻（选择题，共7分）第一题News 1A team of archaeologists has discovered a well-preserved ancient city in the desert of northern China. The city, believed to be around 1,500 years old, was found near the Gobi Desert. The discovery includes buildings, roads, and even some artifacts. Experts say the city could provide valuable insights intothe ancient Silk Road trade route.Questions:1、What was the age of the ancient city discovered in the desert of northern China?A) 1,000 years old.B) 1,200 years old.C) 1,500 years old.D) 1,800 years old.2、What is the main discovery made by the archaeologists?A) A large number of ancient artifacts.B) A well-preserved ancient city.C) A new trade route.D) Remains of an ancient Silk Road post.3、What is the significance of this discovery according to the experts?A) It reveals the secrets of ancient Silk Road traders.B) It provides information about the climate change in the region.C) It helps understand the ancient trade routes.D) It confirms the existence of a mythical city.Answers:1、C) 1,500 years old.2、B) A well-preserved ancient city.3、C) It helps understand the ancient trade routes.News Content:The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) announced yesterday that it will launch a global initiative aimed at promoting digital literacy among young people around the world. The program, called “Code for All,” is design ed to equip students with basic coding skills and an understanding of digital ethics. It aims to reach at least one million students in its first year, providing them with free online courses and resources.Questions:1、According to the news item, what is the name of UNESCO’s new global initiative?A. Digital FutureB. Code for AllC. Global Ethics OnlineAnswer: B. Code for All2、What is the primary goal of the “Code for All” program?A. To provide free computers to underprivileged studentsB. To teach students about digital ethics and coding basicsC. To promote the use of digital devices in classroomsAnswer: B. To teach students about digital ethics and coding basics3、How many students does UNESCO aim to reach with this program in its firstA. At least fifty thousandB. At least five hundred thousandC. At least one millionAnswer: C. At least one million三、听力理解-长对话（选择题，共8分）第一题Part ThreeSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear a long conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.ConversationW: Hi, John. I’m glad to see you here. How was your vacation?M: Oh, it was great. I went hiking in the mountains with my friends.W: That sounds wonderful. How long did you stay there?M: We stayed for a week. It was really beautiful up there. The scenery was just stunning.W: I can imagine. Did you do anything special while you were there?M: Yes, we went on a trek. It was challenging, but I enjoyed it a lot.W: That sounds exciting. Did you see any wildlife?M: Yes, we saw a lot of birds and some animals. It was amazing to see them in their natural habitat.W: It must have been a memorable experience. Do you plan to go hiking again?M: Definitely. I think it’s a great way to relax and enjoy nature.Questions1、What did John do during his vacation?A) He went on a trek.B) He visited his friends.C) He stayed in a hotel.D) He went hiking.2、How long did John stay in the mountains?A) A few days.B) A week.C) Two weeks.D) A month.3、What did John think of the scenery in the mountains?A) It was average.B) It was beautiful.C) It was boring.D) It was dangerous.4、What did John enjoy the most about his vacation?A) Hiking.B) Relaxing.C) Visiting his friends.D) Seeing wildlife.第二题Listen to the following long conversation and then answer the questions that follow. The conversation will be spoken twice.Conversation:M: Hey, Sarah, how’s it going with your final project for Professor Johnson’s environmental science class?W: Oh, hi, Tom. It’s coming along, but I’m really struggling with the research on renewable energy sources. There’s just so much information out there, it’s hard to know wh ere to start.M: Yeah, I can imagine. Have you considered focusing on solar or wind energy? Those seem to be the most developed technologies right now.W: Well, I’ve read quite a bit about solar energy, but I’m not sure if it’s the best topic for my projec t. What do you think?M: I think it would be a good choice because there’s a lot of current research on improving efficiency and reducing costs. Plus, there are plenty of real-world applications to discuss.W: That sounds like a good point. But isn’t wind energy also important?Maybe I should compare the two?M: Definitely! Comparing them could make your project stand out. You could talk about the advantages and disadvantages of each and maybe even touch on their implementation in different countries.W: Hm m…that gives me an idea. Thanks, Tom. I’ll start working on that angle right away!1、What is Sarah working on?A) A final exam preparation.B)An environmental science project.C) A presentation on renewable energy.D) A report on real-world applications.Answer: B) An environmental science project.2、Why is Sarah finding her research challenging?A)She is unsure about the focus of her project.B)She has too many resources on solar energy.C)She lacks information on renewable energy sources.D)She finds it difficult to organize her notes.Answer: A) She is unsure about the focus of her project.3、What suggestion does Tom give Sarah regarding her project?A)To concentrate solely on wind energy.B)To choose between solar and wind energy.C)To include both solar and wind energy in her study.D)To disregard solar energy as it’s too common.Answer: C) To include both solar and wind energy in her study.4、What aspect of renewable energy might Sarah consider discussing according to Tom?A)The historical development of solar technology.B)The cost-effectiveness of nuclear energy.C)The implementation of solar and wind energy globally.D)The theoretical basis of hydroelectric power.Answer: C) The implementation of solar and wind energy globally.四、听力理解-听力篇章（选择题，共20分）第一题PassageThe rise of automation in the workplace has sparked a debate about the future of employment. While many argue that automation will lead to job losses, others believe it will create new opportunities. In this article, we explore both perspectives and discuss the potential impact on the workforce.In the short term, automation is likely to displace workers in certain industries. For example, the manufacturing sector has already seen a significant reduction in jobs due to the introduction of robots and automated machinery. Similarly, the service industry, particularly in areas such as retail and food service, may experience a decrease in employment as self-service kiosks and automated systems become more common.However, proponents of automation argue that it will also create new job opportunities. As technology advances, new industries and professions will emerge. For instance, the demand for professionals skilled in programming, robotics, and artificial intelligence is expected to grow. These new roles will require a different set of skills, which may necessitate a shift in education and training programs.Moreover, automation can lead to increased productivity and efficiency, potentially boosting overall economic growth. With more tasks automated, employees can focus on higher-value work, which may lead to job satisfaction and improved job performance.Despite these positive aspects, the transition to automation may not be smooth for all workers. The initial displacement of jobs could lead to social and economic challenges. For example, workers who lose their jobs due to automation may struggle to find new employment, particularly if they lack the necessary skills to adapt to the changing job market.Questions:1、What is the main concern expressed about automation in the workplace?A) It will lead to increased productivity.B) It will create new job opportunities.C) It will cause job losses in certain industries.D) It will boost economic growth.2、According to the passage, which of the following is a potentialconsequence of automation in the manufacturing sector?A) An increase in manufacturing jobs.B) A decrease in manufacturing jobs.C) No significant change in manufacturing jobs.D) A shift in the types of jobs available in manufacturing.3、What is one of the positive impacts of automation mentioned in the passage?A) It will reduce the need for education and training.B) It will lead to job satisfaction and improved job performance.C) It will decrease the overall economic growth.D) It will eliminate the need for higher-value work.Answers:1、C2、B3、BSecond Part: Listening Comprehension - Listening PassageDirections: In this part, you will hear a passage about campus life. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You will hear the passage only once.Passage:The university has recently renovated its library facilities in order to provide students with a more comfortable and conducive environment for study. The renovations include new seating arrangements that promote group work as wellas individual study booths equipped with power outlets for laptops and charging devices. Moreover, there’s an increased number of computers ava ilable for student use, all connected to a high-speed internet network. The library now also offers extended hours during exam periods, staying open until midnight to accommodate students’ needs. Finally, the library staff has implemented a new system for reserving books online, which allows students to request materials from the comfort of their dorms or homes.Questions:1、What recent change has been made to improve the library experience?A. Extended opening hours throughout the yearB. Addition of more individual study booths onlyC. Implementation of a system for online book reservationsD. All of the aboveAnswer: D. All of the above2、、Which feature was added to support both collaborative and solo learning?A. High-speed internet connectionB. Extended library hours during examsC. New seating arrangements including group work spaces and individual boothsD. An increase in the number of available computersAnswer: C. New seating arrangements including group work spaces and individual booths3、、How can students now reserve books according to the passage?A. By visiting the library’s information deskB. Through an online reservation systemC. By calling the library’s front deskD. Books cannot be reserved; they must be collected in personAnswer: B. Through an online reservation system第三题Passage OneIn recent years, there has been a growing concern about the impact of technology on human relationships. With the advent of smartphones and social media, people are more connected than ever before. However, some argue that this technological advancement has led to a decline in face-to-face interactions and the quality of relationships.The first paragraph introduces the topic by highlighting the increasing reliance on technology for communication. It mentions that while technology has brought convenience, it has also raised concerns about its impact on human interactions.1、What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of technology in communication.B) The decline of face-to-face interactions.C) The rise of social media.D) The impact of technology on relationships.2、According to the passage, what is the main concern regarding the use of technology?A) It enhances the efficiency of communication.B) It leads to a decrease in the quality of relationships.C) It replaces traditional forms of communication.D) It creates more opportunities for socializing.3、The author implies that:A) Technology has completely replaced face-to-face interactions.B) The use of technology has no negative effects on relationships.C) People are increasingly aware of the negative impacts of technology on relationships.D) Social media is the only way to maintain relationships in the modern world.Answer:1、D2、B3、C五、阅读理解-词汇理解（填空题，共5分）第一题Reading PassageIn recent years, the importance of online education has grown significantly. With the rapid development of technology, especially the internet, people cannow access educational resources from anywhere in the world. This has led to a rise in the number of online courses and platforms offering a wide range of subjects. While online education offers numerous benefits, such as flexibility and convenience, it also presents challenges that need to be addressed.The following paragraph contains a list of words or phrases, each of which is followed by five examples. Choose the example that best keeps the meaning of the word or phrase in the context of the passage.Vocabulary Understanding1.The rapid development of technology has led to a significant increase in the number of online courses and platforms.a)The number of new businesses in the tech sector has surged.b)The number of students enrolling in online courses has gone up dramatically.c)The number of traffic accidents has decreased due to better road designs.d)The number of people using social media has increased exponentially.e)The number of jobs available in the renewable energy sector has declined.2.Online education offers flexibility and convenience, making it an attractive option for many students.a)The ability to study at any time of the day or night.b)The convenience of not having to travel to a physical location.c)The opportunity to learn from experts in their field.d)The guarantee of better job prospects after completing the course.e)The assurance of a high-quality education regardless of location.3.This has led to a rise in the number of online courses and platforms offering a widerange of subjects.a)The variety of subjects available online has expanded.b)The number of students interested in online education has decreased.c)The number of teachers offering online courses has gone up.d)The number of traditional educational institutions has increased.e)The number of jobs in the online education industry has decreased.4.While online education offers numerous benefits, it also presents challenges that need to be addressed.a)The challenges faced by online students are similar to those in traditional education.b)Online education does not require any challenges to be overcome.c)The challenges of online education are often overlooked.d)The challenges of online education are unique and require specific solutions.e)The challenges of online education are not a concern for most students.5.It also presents challenges that need to be addressed.a)The solutions to these challenges are straightforward.b)These challenges can be easily resolved.c)These challenges require careful consideration and planning.d)These challenges are not significant enough to warrant attention.e)These challenges are beyond the scope of this discussion.Answers:1.b2.a3.a4.d5.c第二题Reading Passage:The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. With just a few clicks, we can connect with people from all over the world, access a vast amount of information, and even shop online. However, this convenience comes with its own set of challenges. One of the most significant challenges is the need to stay informed about the latest developments in technology and cybersecurity. In this article, we will discuss some of the key factors that contribute to the importance of staying informed in the digital age.Vocabulary Understanding:Please choose the correct word from the list below to complete each sentence. Write the letter (A), (B), (C), or (D) corresponding to the correct answer in the blank space provided.1.The rapid A. evolution / B. revolution / C. evolutionism / D. evolutionist of technology has made it crucial for individuals to stay informed about the latest advancements.2.In order to protect their personal information, users must be aware of the potential risks associated with A. cybercrime / B. cybernetics / C. cyberneticist / D. cybernetic3.The article highlights the importance of A. vigilance / B. vigilance /C. vigilantly /D. vigilant in the face of increasing cyber threats.4.Staying informed about new developments in cybersecurity is essential forbusinesses to A. safeguard / B. safeguarding / C. safeguarded / D. safeguarding5.The author emphasizes the need for continuous learning to keep up with the ever-changing landscape of the digital world.Answers:1.A. evolution2.A. cybercrime3.D. vigilant4.A. safeguard5.A. keep up with六、阅读理解-长篇阅读（选择题，共10分）第一题Passage OneChina’s cultural revolution, which lasted from 1966 to 1976, was a social movement with a political motive, led by the Communist Party of China. It aimed to purify the Party and society from capitalist and cultural influences. The movement was marked by widespread violence, including the persecution of intellectuals and the destruction of cultural relics. Despite its tragic consequences, the cultural revolution has left a lasting impact on Chinese society and its people.Questions:1、What was the main purpose of the cultural revolution?A. To promote economic development.B. To reform the education system.C. To purify the Party and society.D. To strengthen the military.2、Which of the following was not a consequence of the cultural revolution?A. Widespread violence.B. The persecution of intellectuals.C. The destruction of cultural relics.D. The improvement of the economy.3、What was the impact of the cultural revolution on Chinese society?A. It led to economic prosperity.B. It brought about social stability.C. It left a lasting impact on Chinese society and its people.D. It had no significant impact on Chinese society.4、Who was the leader of the cultural revolution?A. Mao Zedong.B. Zhou Enlai.C. Deng Xiaoping.D. Li Xiannian.5、What was one of the tragic consequences of the cultural revolution?A. The improvement of education.B. The enhancement of cultural heritage.C. The promotion of political unity.D. The persecution of intellectuals.Answers:1、C. To purify the Party and society.2、D. The improvement of the economy.3、C. It left a lasting impact on Chinese society and its people.4、A. Mao Zedong.5、D. The persecution of intellectuals.第二题Reading PassageIn recent years, the concept of “soft skills” has gained increasing attention in the job market. While technical skills are crucial for many positions, soft skills, such as communication, teamwork, and problem-solving, are becoming equally important. This passage discusses the importance of soft skill s and provides examples of how they can impact one’s career.1.The first paragraph introduces the growing importance of soft skills. Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in this paragraph?A. CondescendingB. BoredC. EnthusiasticD. Indifferent2.According to the passage, why are soft skills becoming more significant in the job market?A. They are becoming less relevant in the digital age.B. They are being overlooked by employers.C. They complement technical skills and enhance job performance.D. They are no longer taught in schools.3.The passage mentions a study that shows the impact of soft skills on job performance. What was the main finding of this study?A. Soft skills have no significant impact on job performance.B. Soft skills can lead to a 10-15% increase in job performance.C. Technical skills are more important than soft skills for job success.D. Soft skills are only beneficial in certain industries.4.The passage discusses the importance of communication skills in the workplace. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of how communication skills can be beneficial?A. Clear and concise communication can prevent misunderstandings.B. Effective communication can help build strong relationships with colleagues.C. Communication skills are only important for jobs that involve a lot of speaking.D. Good communication can lead to better collaboration and teamwork.5.The passage concludes by emphasizing the need for continuous improvement in soft skills. What is the author’s final point?A. Soft skills are innate and cannot be improved.B. Technical skills should be prioritized over soft skills.C. Employers should focus on developing soft skills in their employees.D. Soft skills are not important until one is in a leadership position.Answers:1.C2.C3.B4.C5.C七、阅读理解-仔细阅读（选择题，共20分）第一题Reading PassageIn recent years, the rise of online education has sparked a heated debate among educators and the public. While some argue that it offers numerous benefits, such as flexibility and accessibility, others express concerns about its potential drawbacks, including the lack of personal interaction and the potential for cheating.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of online educationB. The drawbacks of online educationC. The impact of online education on traditional educationD. The debate surrounding online education2、The passage states that some educators and the public are concerned about the lack of what in online education?A. FlexibilityB. AccessibilityC. Personal interactionD. Cheating3、According to the passage, what is one of the advantages of online education mentioned?A. It requires less personal interactionB. It is less accessible to studentsC. It offers more flexibilityD. It is more likely to lead to cheating4、The author suggests that the debate about online education is:A. Unnecessary, as the benefits outweigh the drawbacksB. Necessary, as it affects the future of educationC. Unimportant, as online education will eventually replace traditional educationD. Irrelevant, as the benefits of online education are well-documented5、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern about online education in the passage?A. The potential for students to get distractedB. The lack of face-to-face communicationC. The possibility of cheatingD. The difficulty of assessing students’ understandingAnswers:1、D2、C3、C4、B5、ASecond QuestionRead the following text carefully and then answer the questions below.In the small town of Willow Creek, there was a local library that had been a cornerstone of the community for over a century. The library, known affectionately as “The Cornerstone,” was more than just a place to borrow books; it was a hub of cultural activities, a source of information, and a gathering spot for residents of all ages.One day, the library faced a significant challenge. The town’s mayor, who was a strong advocate for education and community development, announced that due to budget cuts, the library would have to close its doors. The news spread quickly through the town, causing a wave of concern and sadness among the residents.1、The library in Willow Creek was referred to as “The Cornerstone” because:A. It was built at the center of the town.B. It was the oldest building in the town.C. It played a vital role in the community.D. It had a cornerstone made of a unique stone.2、The main issue facing the library was:A. A lack of books for the community.B. A decrease in the number of visitors.C. Budget cuts that threatened its closure.D. The mayor’s disinterest in its operations.3、The response to the library’s potential closure was:A. The mayor proposed building a new library elsewhere.B. The residents ignored the news and continued their daily routines.C. The community held a peaceful protest in front of the library.D. The local businesses offered to donate books to the library.4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a role the library played in the community?A. A hub of cultural activities.B. A source of employment for the town.C. A place for educational programs.D. A gathering spot for residents.。
经济学原理（西方经经济学）期末考试题库MankiwEssentials of EconomicsTest Bank1.Multiple Choice1)Economics deals primarily with the concept of( )a)scarcity.b)poverty.c)change.d)power.2)Which of the following is NOT included in the decisions that everysociety must make?( )a)what goods will be producedb)who will produce goodsc)what determines consumer preferences消费者的偏好d)who will consume the goods3) A rational decision maker takes an action only if the( )a)marginal benefit is less than the marginal cost.b)marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost.c)average benefit is greater than the average cost.d)marginal benefit is greater than both the average cost and the marginalcost.4)Macroeconomics is the study of（）a)individual decision makers.b)economic history.c)economy-wide phenomena.d)how firms maximize profit5) A microeconomist might study each of the following EXCEPT( )a)the effects of rent control on housing in New York City.b)how a college student makes financial decisions.c)how tariffs on shoes affects the shoe industry.d)the effect on the economy when unemployment rates change.6)The term market failure refers to( )a) a situation in which the market on its own fails to allocate resourcesefficiently.b)an unsuccessful advertising campaign which reduces buyer demand.c) a situation in which competition among firms becomes ruthless.d) a firm which is forced out of business because of losses.7)Which of the following is an example of a normative 规范（主观）statement?( )a)If the price of a product decreases, quantity demanded increases.b)Reducing tax rates on the wealthy would be good for the country.c)If the national saving rate were to increase, so would the rate ofeconomic growth.d)All of the above are correct.8)For each good produced in a market economy, demandand supplydetermine( )a)the price of the good, but not the quantity.b)the quantity of the good, but not the price.c)both price and quantity.d)neither price nor quantity is determined by demand and supply,because prices are ultimately set by producers.9) A higher price for batteries电池would tend to（）a)increase the demand for flashlights.b)increase the demand for electricity.c)decrease the demand for electricity.d)increase the demand for batteries10)Two goods are complements if a decrease in the price of one good( )a)increases the quantity demanded of the other good.b)reduces the demand for the other good.c)reduces the quantity demanded of the other good.d)raises the demand for the other good.11)If a shortage exists in a market we know that the actual price is( )a)below equilibrium price and quantity demanded is greater thanquantity supplied.b)above equilibrium price and quantity demanded is greater thanquantity supplied.c)above equilibrium price and quantity supplied is greater than quantitydemanded.d)below equilibrium price and quantity supplied is greater than quantitydemanded.12)When the government prevents prices from adjusting naturally to supplyand demand( )a)it stabilizes the economy by reducing market uncertainties.b)it adversely affects the allocation of resources.影响了资源的分配c)the improvement in equity justifies the reduction in efficiency.d)the improvement in efficiency justifies the reduction in equity.13)Knowing that the demand for wheat is inelastic, if all farm voluntarilyplowed under 10 percent of their wheat crop, then ( )a)consumers of wheat would buy more wheat.b)wheat farmers would suffer a reduction in their revenue.c)wheat farmers would increase their revenue.d)the demand for wheat would decrease.14)Suppose that a steel factory emits a certain amount of air pollution, whichconstitutes a negative externality. The social cost of producing the steel includes the( )a)private costs of the steel producers and the price consumers pay forthe steel.b)private costs of the steel producers and the costs to the bystandersaffected by the pollution.c)costs to the bystanders effected by the pollution only.d)price consumers pay for the steel.15)The Tragedy of commons can be corrected by( )a)providing more of the resource for public use.b)assigning property rights to individuals.公地悲剧可以通过产权私人化来解决c)providing government subsidies for the resource.d)making certain everyone in the economy has access to the resource16)Which of the following is NOT true?( )a)In the presence of a market failure, government action might notimprove on the market outcome because sometimes public policiessimply reward the politically powerful.b)In the presence of a market failure, government action might notimprove on the market outcome because some leaders are not fullyinformed about the effects of their actions.c)In the presence of a market failure, government action can sometimesimprove on the market outcome.d)In the presence of a market failure, government action will alwaysimprove on the market outcome.17)If an economy is producing efficiently( )a)there is no way to produce more of one good without producing lessof the other.b)it is possible to produce more of both goods.c)it is possible to produce more of one good without producing less ofthe other.d)it is not possible to produce more of one good at any cost.18)The opportunity cost of obtaining more of one good is shown on theproduction possibilities frontier as the( )a)amount of the other good that must be given up.其他商品的数量需要放弃b)market price of the additional amount produced.c)amount of resources that must be devoted to its production.d)dnumber of dollars that must be spent to produce it.When a firm is operating at an efficient scale( )19)a)average variable cost is minimized.b)average fixed cost is minimized.c)average total cost is minimized.d)None of the above are correct.Figure 120)According figure 1, on the production possibilitiesfrontier shown, theopportunity cost to the economy of getting 30 additional toothbrushes by moving from point A to point D is( )a)10 toasters.b)15 toasters.c)20 toasters.d)25 toasters.21)When a profits-maximizing firm in a perfectly competitive market haszero economic profit, accounting profit( )a)is negative (accounting losses).b)is positive.c)is also zero.d)could be positive, negative or zero22)In the figure2 shown, the movement from point A to pointB is a( )a)shift of the curve.b)change in preferences.c)movement along the curve.因为是价格的变动，所以沿着曲线d)All of the above are correct.Figure 223)In the figure 3 shown, the movement from point B topoint C is a( )a)shift of the curve.b)change in price. movement along the curve.c)change in costs to the firm.Figure 324)Two goods are substitutes if a decrease in the price of one good( )a)increases the demand for the other good.b)reduces the demand for the other good.c)reduces the quantity demanded of the other good.d)increases the quantity demanded of the other good.25)Two goods are complements if a decrease in the price of one good( )a)increases the quantity demanded of the other good.b)reduces the demand for the other good.c)reduces the quantity demanded of the other good.d)raises the demand for the other good.26)If a decrease in income increases the demand for a good, then the goodis( )a) a substitute good.b) a complement good.c) a normal good.d)an inferior good.27)On the firgue3, the movement from D to D1 is calleda)an increase in demand.b) a decrease in demand.c) a decrease in quantity demanded.d)an increase in quantity demanded.28)Which of the following will definitely cause equilibrium quantity tofall?( )a)demand increases and supply decreasesb)demand and supply both decreasec)demand decreases and supply increasesd)demand and supply both increase29)If the demand for a product increases, we would expect equilibriumprice( )a)to increase and equilibrium quantity to decrease.b)to decrease and equilibrium quantity to increase.c)and equilibrium quantity to both increase.d)and equilibrium quantity to both decrease.30)New cars are normal goods. What will happen to the equilibrium price ofnew cars if the price of gasoline rises, the price of steel falls, public transportation becomes cheaper and more comfortable, auto-workers accept lower wages and automobile insurance becomes more expensive?( )a)Price will rise.b)Price will fall.c)Price will stay exactly the same.d)The price change will be ambiguous.31)What will happen to the equilibrium price of new textbooks if morestudents attend college, paper becomes cheaper, textbook authors accept lower royalties and fewer used textbooks are sold?( )a)Price will rise.b)Price will fall.c)Price will stay exactly the same.d)The price change will be ambiguous.32)If the price elasticity of demand for a good is 4.0, then a 10 percentincrease in price would result in a( )a) 4.0 percent decrease in the quantity demanded.b)10 percent decrease in the quantity demanded.c)40 percent decrease in the quantity demanded.d)400 percent decrease in the quantity demanded.33)According to the firgue4, when price falls from point $40 to $30 we knowthat demand must be( )a)elastic, since total revenue increases from $8000 to $9000.b)inelastic, since total revenue increases from $8000 to $9000.c)inelastic, since total revenue decreases from $9000 to $8000.d)Figure 434)The cross-price elasticity of demand can tell us whether goods are( )a)normal or inferior.b)elastic or inelastic.c)luxuries or necessities.d)complements or substitutes.35)If wheat farmers know that the demand for wheat is inelastic, and theywant to increase their total revenue, they should all( )a)plant more wheat so that they would be able to sell more each year.b)increase spending on fertilizer in an attempt to produce more on theacres they farm.c)reduce the number of acres they plant in wheat.d)use better machinery.36)OPEC successfully raised the world price of oil in the 1970s and early1980s primarily due to( )a)an inelastic demand for oil and a reduction in the amount of oilsupplied.b) a reduction in the amount of oil supplied and a world-wide oilembargo.c) a world-wide oil embargo and an elastic demand for oil.d) a reduction in the amount of oil supplied and an elastic demand foroil.37)A price ceiling( )a)is a legal maximum on the price at which a good can be sold.b)is a legal minimum on the price at which a good can be sold.c)occurs when the price in the market is temporarily above equilibrium.d)will usually result in a market surplus.38)A price floor( )a)is a legal 合法的minimum on the price at which a good can be sold.b)is a legal maximum on the price at which a good can be sold.c)will generally result in a market shortage.d)will benefit the consumer, but hurt the supplier.39)A binding price ceiling causes( )a) a shortage, which cannot be eliminated消除through marketadjustment.b) a surplus, which cannot be eliminated through marketadjustment.c) a shortage, which is temporary, since market adjustment will causeprice to rise.d) a surplus, which is temporary, since market adjustment will causeprice to rise.40)In the figure5 shown, a binding price ceiling is shown in( )a)panel (a).b)panel (b).c)both panel (a) and panel (b).d)neither panel (a) nor panel (b).Figure541)According to the figure6 shown, the equilibrium price in the marketbefore the tax is imposed is( )a)$1.00.b)$3.50.c)$5.00.d)$6.00.Figure 642)If a tax is imposed on a market with inelastic demand and elasticsupply( )a)buyers will bear most of the burden of the tax.b)sellers will bear most of the burden of the tax.c)the burden of the tax will be shared equally between buyers andsellers.d)it is impossible to determine how the burden of the tax will be shared.43)If a tax is imposed on a market with elastic demand and inelasticsupply( )a)buyers will bear most of the burden of the tax.b)sellers will bear most of the burden of the tax.c)the burden of the tax will be shared equally between buyers andsellers.d)it is impossible to determine how the burden of the tax will be shared.44)Suppose that a tax is placed on books. If the buyer pays the majority of thetax we know that the( )a)supply curve is more inelastic than the demand curve.b)demand curve is more inelastic than the supply curve.c)government has placed the tax on the seller.d)government has placed the tax on the buyer.45)Cameron visits a sporting goods store to buy a new set of golf clubs. He iswilling to pay $750 for the clubs, but buys them on sale for $575.Cameron’s consumer surplus from the purchase is( )a)$175.b)$575.c)$750.d)$1,325.46)According to the figure7 shown, what area represents total surplus in themarket when the price is P1?( )a) A + Bb) B + Cc) C + Dd)figure 747)A profits-maximizing firm will shut down in the short run when( )a)price＜average variable cost.b)price＜average total costc)average revenue＞marginal cost.d)average revenue ＞average fixed costfigure848)According to the figure8, the loss in total welfare resulting from thelevying of the tax is represented by area ( )a) A + B + C.b) D + E + F.c) A + B + D + F.d) C + E.49)Taxes cause deadweight losses because( )a)they transfer purchasing power to the government which alwayswastes money.b)they prevent buyers and sellers from realizing some of the gains fromtrade.c)marginal buyers and sellers leave the market causing the quantity soldto fall.d)Both b and c are correct.50)The Laffer curve indicates each of the following EXCEPT income taxcollections will be( )拉佛曲线是一条抛物线a)very low if income tax rates are very low.b)very low if income tax rates are very high.c)at a maximum if income tax rates are at some intermediate levelbetween very low and very high.d)very high if income tax rates are very high.51)The impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander iscalled(D)a)an economic dilemma.b)deadweight loss.c)the third-party problem.d)an externality.52)Which of the following statements is most correct abouta market which ischaracterized by a negative production externality?( )P166a)The equilibrium quantity of output is equal to the socially optimalquantity.b)The equilibrium quantity of output is greater than the socially optimalquantity.负外部性的明显特征，市场生产的数量大于社会合意的数量，而正外部性是小于，所以才会有矫正税和补贴。
大 学 化 学Univ. Chem. 2022, 37 (3), 2110003 (1 of 10)收稿：2021-10-08；录用：2021-11-15；网络发表：2021-12-22*通讯作者，基金资助：国家自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金(22025701)；国家自然科学基金面上项目(22177048)；国家重点研发计划合成生物学专项子课题(2019YFA0905801)•今日化学• doi:10.3866/PKU.DXHX202110003 生物合成高能化学物质陈子鹏1，赵钰沁2，王宸1，王秀秀1，魏炜2，赵劲1,*1南京大学化学化工学院，南京 2100232南京大学生命科学学院，南京 210023摘要：从分子到细胞，从个体到社会，能量的需求和转化无处不在。
探索高能物质的合成与利用，具有较重要的科学意义和应用价值。
目前高能物质的化学合成通常污染较大、耗能较高，且往往副产物较多，难以分离纯化。
相较于传统的化学合成方法，生物合成具有绿色环保和高效利用清洁能源等特点，是符合国家“碳中和”目标的新型合成路径。
高能物质的生物合成，将是未来的迅速发展方向之一。
本文将从能源物质、含能材料和天然高能物质三个方面，选取四种代表性高能物质，介绍其生物合成途径及与之相关的关键金属酶。
关键词：高能物质；生物合成；氢气；氧化偶氮键；丁三醇；多聚磷酸盐中图分类号：G64；O6Biosynthesis of High-Energy ChemicalsZipeng Chen 1, Yuqin Zhao 2, Chen Wang 1, Xiuxiu Wang 1, Wei Wei 2, Jing Zhao 1,*1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.2 School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.Abstract : From molecules to cells, the energy demand is ubiquitous in our society. Synthesis and utilization of high-energy chemicals is a major challenge scientifically and economically. The current chemical synthesis of high-energy compounds often generates pollution and consumes a lot of energy. With the existence of by-products, it’s hard to separate target products. Compared to chemical synthesis, biosynthesis is considered environmentally friendly and cost-effective energy, and is in accord with the Carbon Neutralization goal. Biosynthesis of high-energy chemicals is one of the fastest growing fields. This article will choose 4 chemicals, in terms of energy source, energetic materials and bio-high-energy compounds, to briefly introduce the correspondent biosynthesis pathway and key metalloenzyme.Key Words : High-energy chemicals; Biosynthesis; Hydrogen; Azoxy bond; Butane-1,2,4-triol;Polyphosphate2020年9月，习近平总书记在第75届联合国大会一般性辩论上提出，中国力争2030年实现碳达峰，并努力争取2060年前实现碳中和[1]，2021年的政府工作报告中，这一重大战略决策再度被提 及[2]。
The promise of renewable energy AlgaebiofuelThe promise of renewable energy algae biofuel is an exciting and innovative solution to the world's growing energy needs. Algae biofuel, derived from the simple and abundant aquatic plant, has the potential to revolutionize the way we power our world. With its high energy yield, low environmental impact, and versatility, algae biofuel holds great promise for a sustainable and clean energy future. One of the most compelling aspects of algae biofuel is its high energy yield. Algae is incredibly efficient at converting sunlight into energy throughthe process of photosynthesis. In fact, algae can produce up to 5,000 gallons of biofuel per acre, far surpassing the yield of traditional biofuel crops like corn and soybeans. This means that algae biofuel has the potential to meet asignificant portion of our energy needs without requiring vast amounts of land and resources. Furthermore, algae biofuel offers a low environmental impact compared to traditional fossil fuels. Algae can be grown in a variety of environments, including wastewater facilities and coastal areas, without competing for arable land or contributing to deforestation. Additionally, algae biofuel production can capture carbon dioxide from industrial sources, helping to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. By utilizing algae biofuel, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and decrease our carbon footprint, contributing to a cleaner and healthier planet. The versatility of algae biofuel is another compelling factor in its promise as a renewable energy source. Algae can be used to produce a wide range of biofuels, including biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas. This versatility allows for greater flexibility in meeting the diverse energy needs of different industries and regions. Additionally, algae can be used to produce valuable co-products such as animal feed, fertilizer, and pharmaceuticals, further enhancing its economic viability. Despite these promising aspects, there are challenges that must be addressed in order to fully realize the potential of algae biofuel. One of the main hurdles is the cost of production. While algae biofuel has the potential tobe a highly efficient and sustainable energy source, the current cost ofproduction is still higher than that of traditional fossil fuels. Research anddevelopment efforts are needed to improve the efficiency and scalability of algae biofuel production, as well as to reduce the overall cost. Another challenge is the need for infrastructure and investment to support the widespread adoption of algae biofuel. This includes the development of cultivation and harvesting technologies, as well as the establishment of distribution networks and refueling infrastructure. In addition, public and private investment is crucial to support the research and development of algae biofuel, as well as to incentivize its commercialization and deployment. In conclusion, the promise of renewable energy algae biofuel is an exciting prospect with the potential to revolutionize the way we power our world. Its high energy yield, low environmental impact, and versatility make it a compelling solution for a sustainable and clean energy future. However, there are challenges that must be addressed in order to fully realize its potential, including the cost of production and the need for infrastructure and investment. With continued research, development, and investment, algae biofuel has the potential to play a significant role in meeting our energy needs while reducing our impact on the environment.。
第20卷第4期 2010年4月 中国冶金China Metallurgy Vol.20,No.4April 2010 编者按:中国钢产量快速增长,但电炉炼钢生产的发展长期以来相对缓慢。
如何正确地进行技术创新,有效地推动电炉生产的发展一直是行业内外关注的热点和重点。
本期《中国冶金》通过约稿和组稿,在“电炉技术专题研讨”栏目中集中发表7篇有关电炉原料、工艺、装备和产品的论文,探讨中国电炉发展的关键问题,供各方面专家参考,并希望引起大家的重视,在今后以《中国冶金》和其他专业期刊为阵地进行更深入的研讨,共同推进中国电炉科技创新与发展。
电弧炉炼钢技术进展李士琦, 郁 健, 李京社(北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京100083)摘 要:回顾了电弧炉炼钢发展的概况,讨论了中国电弧炉炼钢发展面临的主要问题和机遇,重点分析了电弧炉炼钢的工艺改进和高效化技术发展,并从高效率、高质量、低能耗、低排放、可持续发展的角度出发对电弧炉炼钢流程的工艺装备和技术发展给出了新总结,并提出了发展前瞻性建议。
关键词:电弧炉炼钢;高效;节能中图分类号:TF741.5 文献标志码:A 文章编号:100629356(2010)0420001207Development of E lectric Arc Furnace Steelm aking T echnologyL I Shi2qi, YU Jian, L I Jing2she(School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing100083,China)Abstract:The general situation of the EA F steelmaking development was reviewed in this article,then the subjectmatter and the opportunity which the national EA F steelmaking development was facing were discussed,and the im2 provement of EAF steelmaking process and the highly effective technology development were selectively analyzed.According to the high efficiency,high quality,the low energy consumption,the low emissions,and the sustainabledevelopment,the new summary and perspective to the EA F steelmaking flow’s craft equipment and the technologi2 cal development have been given.K ey w ords:electric arc f urnace steelmaking;high efficiency;energy saving作者简介:李士琦(1942-),男,硕士,教授; E2m ail:lishiqi@; 收稿日期:20102022091 基本现状1.1 世界粗钢产量发展1850年,现代工业化炼钢方法问世,是以热铁水为原料的酸性转炉和碱性转炉炼钢的方法,稍后问世的平炉炼钢方法可以消化大量废钢铁料。
福州2024年05版小学四年级下册英语第三单元真题试卷(含答案)考试时间：80分钟（总分:110）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、填空题：A __________ (化学应用) can improve everyday products.2、填空题：The rabbit loves to hop on _______ (草地).3、What do we call the act of engaging in self-reflection?A. IntrospectionB. ContemplationC. MeditationD. All of the Above答案：D4、听力题：A __________ is a famous location for eco-tourism.5、听力题：__________ are essential for maintaining healthy ecosystems.6、听力题：The chemical formula for magnesium sulfate is _______.7、What is the capital of Sint Maarten?a. Philipsburgb. Simpson Bayc. Marigotd. Cole Bay答案:a8、听力题：The main gas released during combustion is ______.9、What is the capital of Portugal?A. LisbonB. PortoC. BragaD. Faro答案:A10、What do we call a person who makes furniture?A. CarpenterB. BlacksmithC. MasonD. Welder答案: A11、What do we call the process by which plants make their own food?A. DigestionB. PhotosynthesisC. RespirationD. Fertilization答案:B12、What is 3 + 5?A. 7B. 8C. 9D. 1013、填空题：A _____ (植物保护措施) can help preserve endangered species.14、填空题：I have many friends at __________. (学校)15、填空题：My cousin loves to __________ (写作) poetry.16、What do we call the study of weather?A. BiologyB. MeteorologyC. GeographyD. Astronomy答案: B17、What do you call the main character in a novel?A. ProtagonistB. AntagonistC. Supporting characterD. Narrator答案:A18、Which month is the start of the year?A. FebruaryB. MarchC. JanuaryD. December答案：C19、听力题：The ____ is a small creature that loves to hop around.20、填空题：My ________ (玩具名称) helps me learn numbers.21、听力题：The Indian Ocean is located to the _______ of Africa.22、填空题：My __________ (玩具名) looks like a __________ (动物).23、听力题：My friend is very ________.24、听力题：A ______ often travels in packs.25、填空题：The __________ is a large grassland in North America. (大草原)26、听力题：The invention of the telescope changed our understanding of _______.27、听力题：The chemical symbol for osmium is __________.28、填空题：The __________ (历史的传达) conveys lessons.29、听力题：I love to explore the ______ (mountains).30、填空题：We can _____ (harvest) crops in the fall.31、听力题：The __________ is where most of the earth's water is stored.32、Which instrument has keys and is played with fingers?A. GuitarB. ViolinC. PianoD. Drum33、What is the capital of Cuba?A. HavanaB. SantiagoC. CamagüeyD. Holguín34、What do you call a person who studies plants?A. BotanistB. HorticulturistC. AgronomistD. All of the above答案:D35、What is the opposite of hard?A. SoftB. ToughC. StrongD. Firm答案:A36、填空题：The ancient Greeks believed in many ________ (神祇).37、填空题：A parakeet can learn to mimic its ______ (主人).38、听力题：We go _____ (running) every morning.39、填空题：A rabbit's nose twitches when it is ______ (好奇).40、What is the main ingredient in salad?A. MeatB. VegetablesC. RiceD. Cheese答案:B41、填空题：The ______ is very colorful.42、选择题：What do we call a large body of saltwater?A. LakeB. OceanC. RiverD. Pond43、Which of these is a renewable resource?A. CoalB. OilC. Solar energyD. Natural gas答案:C44、听力题：A mudslide is a rapid flow of ______ down a slope.45、听力题：A solubility curve shows how solubility changes with ______.46、填空题：I love to _______ (写)我的想法.47、What do we call the part of the plant that produces flowers?A. LeafB. StemC. RootD. Bud答案:D48、看图,判断句子内容与图片信息是(T)否(F)相符。
北京市西城区2023—2024学年度第二学期期末试卷高二英语2024. 7 本试卷共14页，共140分。
考试时长120分钟。
考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第Ⅰ卷（共83分）Ⅰ. 听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节：（共4小题；每小题2分，共8分）听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话你将听一遍。
1. Where is Daisy from?A. America.B. Italy.C. Greece.2. What does the woman plan to do during the summer vacation?A. Go to Paris.B. Visit her cousins.C. Start a night school.3. Who will give the report on Friday?A. The man.B. The woman.C. The woman’s assistant.4. Where will the man have dinner?A. In his home.B. At his aunt’s place.C. In his grandfather’s house.第二节：（共6小题；每小题2分，共12分）听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。
5. Why can’t the man attend the event?A. Because he doesn’t know how to help.B. Because he thinks it is nothing serious.C. Because he has a family emergency to handle.6. What will the man probably do next?A. Accept donations.B. Help out in other ways.C. Send the woman more information.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。
