KPMG_网上SHL测试
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shl性格测试题及答案详解蒙牛在招聘和人才评估过程中,SHL性格测试是一种常见的工具,用于帮助雇主了解求职者的个性特点及其适应工作环境的能力。
本文将对SHL性格测试题目及其答案进行详细解析,并以蒙牛公司为例,分析适合该公司的人才特质。
一、SHL性格测试题目及答案解析1. 请问你是否喜欢参加社交活动?答案解析:这道题目主要考察求职者的社交能力及是否适应团队合作。
如果求职者喜欢参加社交活动,说明他们较为外向、善于人际交往,适合需要与他人合作的职位。
如果求职者不喜欢社交活动,可能更适合独立工作或需要更多专注的工作。
2. 你是否擅长解决冲突?答案解析:这道题目考察求职者的解决问题的能力以及处理人际关系的能力。
如果求职者回答肯定,说明他们善于沟通、能够妥善处理冲突,适合需要在工作中处理复杂关系的职位。
如果求职者回答否定,可能说明他们更适合需要稳定、少有冲突的工作环境。
3. 你是否乐于接受新的挑战和变化?答案解析:这道题目考察求职者的适应能力及对变化的态度。
如果求职者愿意接受新挑战和变化,说明他们有较高的适应能力,能够适应不断变化的工作环境。
如果求职者不愿意接受新挑战和变化,可能说明他们更适合稳定、固定的工作。
4. 你是否喜欢独立解决问题?答案解析:这道题目考察求职者的解决问题方式。
如果求职者喜欢独立解决问题,说明他们较为独立、自主,适合需要独立思考和解决问题的职位。
如果求职者更倾向于团队合作解决问题,可能表示他们更适合需要协作的工作环境。
二、蒙牛公司的人才需求及适合的人才特质蒙牛公司是中国乳制品行业的领军企业,其成功离不开一支优秀的团队。
基于蒙牛公司目前的市场竞争及未来发展方向,以下是一些适合蒙牛公司的人才特质:1. 团队合作能力:蒙牛公司强调团队协作,追求共同目标。
因此,求职者应具备良好的沟通能力、团队合作精神以及解决冲突的能力。
2. 适应能力:蒙牛公司在市场竞争中需要不断应对变化,求职者应具备较高的适应能力,能够迅速适应新的挑战和变化。
华为shl性格测试题及答案详解华为SHL性格测试是一项常见的招聘测试,旨在评估应聘者的个性特征以及与招聘岗位的匹配度。
本文将对部分华为SHL性格测试题目进行详解,帮助读者更好地理解题目背后的意义以及正确答案的解释。
1. 问题:我喜欢与人合作,与团队一起实现共同的目标。
答案解析:这是一个关于个人合作能力的问题。
如果你喜欢与人合作、擅长协作并致力于团队目标的实现,那么你可以在回答时强调你的团队精神、合作经验以及愿意与他人分享成果的态度。
这样的回答表明你具有较强的协作能力和团队合作精神。
2. 问题:在大多数情况下,我会选择仔细思考后再行动。
答案解析:这是一个关于决策风格和行动方式的问题。
如果你倾向于在做出决策前仔细思考、权衡各种选择和后果,这表明你是一个谨慎、理性且善于考虑细节的人。
但是,如果具体情况需要迅速做出决策并采取行动,你也应该能够适应灵活变通的情况。
3. 问题:在工作中,我倾向于主动承担责任并独立完成任务。
答案解析:这是一个关于工作态度和独立性的问题。
如果你愿意主动承担责任、独立完成任务,并能够有效地组织时间和资源,这说明你具有较强的自律性、自我管理能力和独立工作的能力。
然而,合作和团队精神也同样重要,因此在回答时,可以适当强调与他人合作时的优势和积极性。
4. 问题:我擅长处理工作中的压力和挑战。
答案解析:这是一个关于应对压力和挑战能力的问题。
如果你擅长处理工作中的压力和挑战,并且能够保持冷静和理性思考,这说明你有良好的应变能力和解决问题的技巧。
可以通过回答具体案例来展示你如何应对过程中的挑战,例如提到你在某个项目中成功应对了高压情况并达到了预期的结果。
5. 问题:在工作中,我喜欢接受新的挑战和学习新知识。
答案解析:这是一个关于学习动力和适应能力的问题。
如果你愿意接受新的挑战、持续学习并不断提升自己的技能和知识,这表明你具有较强的学习能力和求知欲。
在回答时,可以分享你主动学习新知识的经历,并强调你对发展和成长的渴望。
第1篇一、性格描述题这种题型要求应聘者在多个描述中选择最符合自己以及最不符合自己的选项。
以下是一些常见的描述题类型:1. 行为习惯:例如,“我通常愿意接受新挑战”或“我更倾向于遵循既定程序”。
2. 决策风格:例如,“在做决策时,我倾向于依赖直觉”或“在做决策时,我更喜欢收集所有相关信息后再做决定”。
3. 工作态度:例如,“我乐于加班以完成工作”或“我认为工作与生活应该平衡”。
应对策略:- 实事求是地选择答案,避免过分夸大或贬低自己的性格特点。
- 着重展现与普华永道工作环境和公司文化相契合的性格特质。
二、性格类型匹配题这类题目通常基于著名的性格分类理论,如MBTI(迈尔斯-布里格斯性格类型指标)。
常见类型:- 外向型(E) vs 内向型(I)- 感觉型(S) vs 直觉型(N)- 思维型(T) vs 情感型(F)- 判断型(J) vs 知觉型(P)应对策略:- 了解MBTI理论,并选择最符合自己性格类型的答案。
- 展现出与普华永道所需的工作风格相匹配的性格类型。
三、情景模拟题这类题目要求应聘者根据特定情景,选择最合适的应对方式。
- 当你发现同事的工作失误,你应该如何处理?- 在团队合作中,你遇到意见不合时,如何协调?应对策略:- 分析情景,思考可能的解决方案。
- 选择能够展现团队合作、沟通能力和问题解决能力的答案。
四、角色扮演题角色扮演题要求应聘者模拟一个实际工作场景,并根据角色要求进行互动。
场景示例:- 作为项目经理,如何与团队成员沟通一个即将到来的项目截止日期?- 作为审计师,如何与客户解释审计过程中的发现?应对策略:- 清晰地理解角色和场景,准备相应的台词和行动。
- 展现出专业、自信和有效沟通的能力。
五、压力应对题这类题目旨在评估应聘者在压力下的表现。
问题示例:- 当你面临一个紧急的项目,你如何保持冷静并高效地完成任务?应对策略:- 描述自己在压力下的应对机制,如时间管理、情绪调节等。
- 强调自己的抗压能力和解决问题的能力。
平安shl性格测试题及答案详解平安SHL(Saville Holdsworth Limited)性格测试是一种广泛应用于职业发展和人才选拔的评估工具。
它能够帮助个人了解自己的性格特点和倾向,并为企业提供关于候选人适应度和潜在能力的信息。
本文将介绍一些常见的平安SHL性格测试题目,并分析给出相应的答案解析和意义。
1.题目:在人际交往中,我倾向于:选择A:合群和包容。
选择B:注重自我和独立。
答案解析:如果你选择了A,说明你倾向于合群和包容。
这意味着你善于与他人合作、沟通,并且重视集体利益。
你可能更适合团队合作的环境,善于与他人协作。
如果你选择了B,说明你更注重自我和独立。
这意味着你可能更适合独立工作的环境,更喜欢自己做决策和控制情况。
2.题目:我在工作中是否容易受到压力的影响?选择A:是的,我容易感受到压力。
选择B:不,我较少受到压力的影响。
答案解析:如果你选择了A,说明你容易受到压力的影响。
这意味着你可能需要适当的压力,以提高自己的工作效率和动力。
你可能更加关注结果,且倾向于高效、迅速地解决问题。
如果你选择了B,说明你较少受到压力的影响。
这意味着你可能更适合在相对宽松的工作环境中工作,能够自我调节情绪和适应变化。
3.题目:我处理问题时的倾向是:选择A:理性和客观。
选择B:凭直觉和情感。
答案解析:如果你选择了A,说明你倾向于理性和客观。
这意味着你更注重逻辑和事实依据,善于分析和解决问题。
你可能更喜欢使用科学或实证方法来做决策,追求客观和公正。
如果你选择了B,说明你更凭直觉和情感来处理问题。
这意味着你更注重个人经验和感受,更加关注人的情感和需要。
你可能更善于发现问题的内在联系和解决方案的创新性。
4.题目:我在安排工作时,倾向于:选择A:事先规划和组织。
选择B:灵活应对和随机应变。
答案解析:如果你选择了A,说明你倾向于事先规划和组织。
这意味着你注重计划和行动的安排,善于把握节奏和达成目标。
你可能更喜欢工作方式有序、条理清晰,善于按部就班地完成任务。
第1篇一、引言性格测试作为一种评估个体性格特征的工具,在职场招聘、人才选拔、职业规划等方面发挥着重要作用。
SHL性格测试作为全球知名的测评工具,其逻辑体系独特,旨在全面、客观地评估个体的性格特征。
本文将从以下几个方面对SHL性格测试题的逻辑进行探讨。
二、SHL性格测试题的分类1. 项目反应理论(Item Response Theory,IRT)SHL性格测试题主要基于项目反应理论(IRT)进行设计。
IRT是一种统计模型,用于评估个体在某个特质上的表现。
该理论认为,每个题目都是一个潜在特质(如责任心、外向性等)的测量指标,个体在不同题目上的表现可以反映出其在该特质上的程度。
2. 类型题目SHL性格测试题分为以下几种类型:(1)单选题:要求被试从四个选项中选择一个最符合自己情况的答案。
(2)多选题:要求被试从多个选项中选择一个或多个符合自己情况的答案。
(3)排序题:要求被试将选项按照某种逻辑顺序进行排列。
(4)填空题:要求被试根据题意填写相应的内容。
三、SHL性格测试题的逻辑1. 确定测试目的SHL性格测试题的设计首先需要明确测试目的,即要评估哪些性格特质。
例如,在招聘过程中,可能需要评估应聘者的责任心、团队合作能力、沟通能力等。
2. 选择测量指标根据测试目的,选择合适的测量指标。
SHL性格测试题库中包含多种性格特质,如责任心、外向性、神经质、开放性等。
每个特质都有相应的测量指标,如题目、量表等。
3. 设计题目在设计题目时,需要遵循以下原则:(1)题目内容应与测量指标相关,避免无关内容。
(2)题目难度适中,既不能过于简单,也不能过于复杂。
(3)题目表述清晰,避免歧义。
(4)题目形式多样化,如单选题、多选题、排序题等。
4. 题目筛选与评估在设计好题目后,需要对题目进行筛选和评估。
筛选过程中,主要考虑以下因素:(1)题目内容与测量指标的相关性。
(2)题目难度是否适中。
(3)题目表述是否清晰。
(4)题目是否具有区分度。
第1篇一、基本信息请您在开始答题前,先阅读以下说明:1. 本测试旨在了解您的性格特点,帮助您更好地认识自己,以便在职业生涯中发挥所长。
2. 请根据您的实际情况选择最符合您的选项,切勿犹豫或猜测。
3. 答题过程中,请保持诚实,这将有助于您获得更准确的测试结果。
二、选择题1. 当您遇到困难时,以下哪种方式让您更容易解决问题?A. 主动寻求他人帮助B. 独自思考,寻求解决方案C. 放弃,寻求其他途径D. 求助于上级领导2. 您在团队合作中通常扮演的角色是?A. 领导者,带领团队完成任务B. 执行者,按照计划完成任务C. 沟通者,协调团队成员关系D. 支持者,为团队提供资源支持3. 您在处理工作时,更倾向于?A. 规划好每一步,确保工作顺利进行B. 随时调整计划,以适应实际情况C. 严格按照计划执行,不轻易改变D. 依据直觉行事,不拘泥于计划4. 当您遇到冲突时,以下哪种方式让您更易化解?A. 坦诚沟通,寻求共识B. 暂时回避,寻找合适时机解决C. 强硬对抗,争取自己的利益D. 求助于上级或第三方调解5. 您在以下哪种情况下,更容易感到压力?A. 工作任务繁重,时间紧迫B. 需要处理复杂的人际关系C. 工作环境不稳定,难以预测D. 需要承担重要责任6. 您在以下哪种情况下,更容易感到快乐?A. 完成一项挑战性的任务B. 获得他人的认可和赞赏C. 享受自由自在的生活D. 与家人朋友共度美好时光7. 您在以下哪种情况下,更容易感到焦虑?A. 工作压力增大,担心无法完成任务B. 需要面对未知的风险和挑战C. 担心自己的表现不被他人认可D. 担心家庭和事业难以平衡8. 您在以下哪种情况下,更容易感到自信?A. 拥有丰富的知识和经验B. 获得他人的支持和鼓励C. 处理问题能力强,总能找到解决方案D. 自我要求严格,追求卓越9. 您在以下哪种情况下,更容易感到自卑?A. 比较自己与他人的成就B. 面对失败和挫折C. 自我要求过高,难以满足D. 担心自己的能力不足10. 您在以下哪种情况下,更容易感到孤独?A. 与他人沟通不畅,难以融入集体B. 担心自己的情感不被他人理解C. 工作压力大,难以抽出时间陪伴家人朋友D. 担心自己的兴趣爱好难以得到他人的认可三、判断题1. 我善于发现他人的优点,并给予肯定。
第1篇一、基本信息1. 您的姓名:2. 您的性别:3. 您的年龄:4. 您的教育背景:5. 您目前的工作岗位:6. 您所在行业:二、性格测试题以下测试题共分为七个部分,每个部分包含若干题目,请您根据自己的实际情况和真实感受进行选择。
第一部分:情绪稳定性1. 当遇到困难时,您通常会选择:A. 保持冷静,寻找解决问题的方法B. 感到焦虑,寻求他人帮助C. 沮丧失望,放弃努力2. 您在团队合作中,通常:A. 能够保持积极情绪,带动团队氛围B. 受到他人情绪影响,情绪波动较大C. 情绪稳定,但不太愿意表达自己的感受3. 您在遇到压力时,会:A. 及时调整心态,保持乐观B. 感到疲惫,需要休息和调整C. 情绪低落,无法正常工作4. 您在面对失败时,会:A. 分析原因,总结经验教训B. 感到沮丧,对成功失去信心C. 短时间内无法走出失败阴影第二部分:责任心5. 您对待工作:A. 严谨认真,追求完美B. 严格遵守规定,完成任务C. 对待工作较为随意,不太注重细节6. 您在团队中:A. 积极承担责任,主动解决问题B. 按照职责分工,完成自己的工作C. 对团队问题漠不关心,只关注个人利益7. 您在承诺他人时:A. 坚守承诺,尽力完成B. 尽量避免承诺,以免无法兑现C. 忽视承诺,不以为意第三部分:沟通能力8. 您在与人沟通时:A. 语言表达清晰,善于倾听他人意见B. 沟通方式较为直接,有时可能伤害他人C. 沟通能力较弱,不太善于表达自己的想法9. 您在团队合作中:A. 能够有效协调各方意见,达成共识B. 难以与他人沟通,容易产生矛盾C. 乐于倾听他人意见,但不太善于提出自己的看法10. 您在解决问题时:A. 能够准确把握问题本质,提出有效解决方案B. 解决问题能力一般,需要他人协助C. 面对问题时,往往束手无策第四部分:创新能力11. 您在面对问题时:A. 善于从多个角度思考,寻找创新解决方案B. 按照常规思路解决问题,创新能力一般C. 难以跳出思维定势,创新能力较弱12. 您在团队中:A. 能够提出独特见解,激发团队创新B. 参与团队创新,但贡献较小C. 对团队创新持保守态度,不太愿意尝试新事物13. 您在遇到挑战时:A. 积极应对,勇于尝试B. 保持谨慎,避免冒险C. 感到恐惧,逃避挑战第五部分:团队协作14. 您在团队合作中:A. 能够与他人积极配合,共同完成任务B. 难以融入团队,与团队成员关系紧张C. 更倾向于独立工作,不太愿意与他人合作15. 您在团队中:A. 能够充分发挥自己的优势,为团队贡献力量B. 贡献较小,但对团队发展持支持态度C. 对团队发展持消极态度,认为个人利益更重要16. 您在遇到团队分歧时:A. 能够冷静分析问题,寻求共识B. 情绪激动,难以控制自己C. 选择回避问题,不参与讨论第六部分:决策能力17. 您在决策时:A. 能够全面分析问题,权衡利弊B. 倾向于依靠直觉和经验,决策速度较快C. 决策能力较弱,需要他人协助18. 您在处理突发事件时:A. 能够迅速判断问题,制定应对策略B. 感到慌乱,难以应对C. 选择逃避问题,寻求他人帮助19. 您在团队决策中:A. 能够提出建设性意见,推动决策进程B. 参与决策,但贡献较小C. 对团队决策持消极态度,认为个人意见不受重视第七部分:自我认知20. 您如何看待自己的性格特点?A. 我是一个情绪稳定、责任心强、沟通能力好、创新能力强、团队协作能力强、决策能力好、自我认知清晰的人B. 我在某些方面表现出色,但在其他方面还有待提高C. 我在许多方面都存在不足,需要不断努力请您根据自己的实际情况,认真填写以上测试题。
第1篇一、前言性格动力测试旨在了解个人性格特点、行为倾向以及在不同情境下的反应模式。
本测试由SHL公司研发,广泛应用于企业招聘、员工培训、团队建设等领域。
以下是一份SHL性格动力测试题,请根据您的实际情况选择最符合您的选项。
二、测试说明1. 请仔细阅读每个问题,并选择最符合您的选项。
2. 每个问题只有一个正确答案,请勿犹豫。
3. 测试结果仅供参考,具体分析需结合实际情况。
三、测试题1. 当您面对困难时,以下哪种情况更符合您的处理方式?A. 主动寻求他人帮助B. 独自思考,寻找解决方案C. 倾向于放弃D. 寻找替代方案2. 在团队工作中,您更倾向于以下哪种角色?A. 领导者,带领团队完成目标B. 执行者,按部就班完成任务C. 观察者,关注团队动态D. 调和者,协调团队成员关系3. 当您遇到以下情况时,以下哪种反应更符合您的性格?A. 面对批评,积极改进B. 面对批评,消极应对C. 面对批评,自我辩解D. 面对批评,寻求他人支持4. 在以下情况下,您更倾向于以下哪种态度?A. 乐观积极,相信困难是暂时的B. 悲观消极,认为困难无法克服C. 实事求是,分析问题原因D. 不确定,难以判断5. 在团队沟通中,以下哪种方式更符合您的沟通风格?A. 直接表达,开门见山B. 间接表达,委婉含蓄C. 耐心倾听,关注他人意见D. 不擅长沟通,尽量避免6. 当您面对以下情况时,以下哪种处理方式更符合您的性格?A. 遵循规章制度,按部就班B. 积极创新,寻求突破C. 适应环境,随遇而安D. 逆来顺受,不寻求改变7. 在以下情况下,您更倾向于以下哪种决策方式?A. 独立决策,自行承担责任B. 与他人协商,共同决策C. 遵循领导意见,执行决策D. 不确定,难以决策8. 当您遇到以下情况时,以下哪种情绪反应更符合您的性格?A. 激情四溢,充满斗志B. 冷静理智,沉着应对C. 悲观失望,情绪低落D. 情绪波动大,难以控制9. 在以下情况下,您更倾向于以下哪种学习方式?A. 理论学习,深入探讨B. 实践操作,动手能力强C. 观察学习,借鉴他人经验D. 不擅长学习,难以适应新环境10. 在以下情况下,您更倾向于以下哪种人际交往方式?A. 主动交往,广结善缘B. 被动交往,保守内敛C. 有选择性地交往,注重质量D. 不擅长人际交往,尽量避免11. 当您遇到以下情况时,以下哪种应对方式更符合您的性格?A. 沉着冷静,从容应对B. 焦虑不安,担忧不已C. 脱离现实,寻求逃避D. 愤怒发泄,情绪失控12. 在以下情况下,您更倾向于以下哪种态度?A. 坚持原则,不为所动B. 妥协退让,追求和谐C. 坚持自我,不受他人影响D. 随波逐流,缺乏主见13. 当您面对以下情况时,以下哪种情绪反应更符合您的性格?A. 兴奋激动,充满期待B. 悲伤失落,难以释怀C. 平静淡定,理性分析D. 情绪波动大,难以控制14. 在以下情况下,您更倾向于以下哪种学习方式?A. 理论学习,深入探讨B. 实践操作,动手能力强C. 观察学习,借鉴他人经验D. 不擅长学习,难以适应新环境15. 在以下情况下,您更倾向于以下哪种人际交往方式?A. 主动交往,广结善缘B. 被动交往,保守内敛C. 有选择性地交往,注重质量D. 不擅长人际交往,尽量避免四、评分标准根据您的选择,对照以下评分标准进行评分。
SHL测评SH是全球权威人才测评内容提供商。
现在一些外资企业和大型企业在招聘时已开始使用SHL的测评工具。
SHL题型SHL测评分为两部分:数字能力测试,是与商业活动相关的数学计算。
文字能力测试,就是阅读理解。
题目本身并不难,关键是理解英文题目,以及以0.5-1分钟一题的速度完成测试。
有机考和卷考二种方式。
1、Numerical TestIn this test, you have to use facts and figures presented in statistical tables to answer the questions. In each question, you are given five options from which to choose. One, and only one, of the options is correct in each case.You may use a calculator for the following questions. In addition, you can use rough paper for your working out.2、Verbal TestIn this test, you are given several passages, each of which is followed by several statements. Your task is to evaluate the statements in the light of the information or opinions contained in the passage and to select your answer according to the rules given below.样题KPMG-Classical Numerical Test (经典24题)KPMG-Classical Verbal Test (经典36题)KPMG-Classical Verbal Test (36 Questions) 答案在后Read the passage carefully and then, using only the information given in the passage, for each statement choose whether it is True, False, or Cannot say. The test has 36 questions and you will have 18 minutes to do them.Individuals who are responsible for databases that hold information about people are now bound by the Data Protection Act (PDA). This Act covers any information stored on a computer that identifies a living individual. Companies holding such information must, under the Terms of the Act, make sure that they take ‘adequate care’ of the data, both technica lly and in terms of the behavior of the organization. The personal data stored has to be protected from loss, destruction or damage.Example 1. Any information stored about a named individual currently working for an organization is subject to the Data Protection Act. TrueExample 2. As long as any data about a named individual is managed in a technically adequate way, there are no other restrictions as to how it can be used or handled. FalseExample 3. Damage to data held about named individuals represents the biggest threat to its proper management. Can’t sayExample 4. Data about named individuals who have left a company is not subject to the Act. False Section ACompetitor analysis involves the examination of competitors in order that the planner can develop and sustain superior competitive performance for the organization. This statement belies the fact that in order to do this one must first establish from where the competition currently stems and from where it might stem in the future. One also has to consider and appraise comp etitors’ present and likely future objectives and strategies, and their likely reactions to the competitive moves that an organization might make.1. Planners can only sustain superior performance for their organization by doing competitor analysis.2. Effective competitor analysis involves looking into the future.3. It is easier to establish where competition currently stems from, rather than where it might stem from in the future.4. It is not always apparent to organizations who their competitors are.Section BThe model of consumer behavior on which neo-classical demand theory is based implies that consumers are perfectly informed about the price and quality characteristics of the products on offer, and are constantly altering their expenditure patterns in response to price and quality changes, so as to maximiz e their total ‘utility’ (satisfaction). This model is unrealistic, as the range of products on offer in modern markets is immense, and no consumer has the knowledge or inclination to acquire the information that would be needed to make choices in this way.5. Being up to date with product information plays little part in neo-classical demand theory.6. Neo-classical demand theory is only one of a number of models of consumer behavior.7. There are some consumers who are perfectly informed about the price and quality characteristics of products on offer.8. Maximizing the total utility of a product purchase implies consideration of both price and quality characteristicsThe business of the Company shall be managed by the directors who, subject to the law, the memorandum and articles of association, and any direction given by special resolution, may exercise all the powers of the company. The minimum number of directors is two; there is no maximum number. The directors, or the company by special resolution, may appoint as a director any person who is willing to act as a director, provided he or she is not a bankrupt or disqualified from acting as a director under the Insolvency Act. Directors need not hold shares in the company, but normally they will be required to hold at least a specific minimum shareholding.9. New directors tend to be appointed by existing directors rather than by special resolution.10. The Company cannot operate with only one director.11. Individual bankruptcy is governed by the Insolvency Act.12. There is no upper limit to the number of shares any director can hold.Section DIn most organizations, conflict between groups is quite common. Organizations usually develop differences between functional groups, such as sales and manufacturing, as a means of responding to diversity and uncertainty in their particular environment. Manufacturing must organize for stability and efficiency while sales must organize to relate to and service customers. To accomplish these diverse tasks, sales must hire different people from manufacturing, and each must manage its people in accordance with their unique expectations and the functions’ task requirements. If such differenc es did not exist, neither group could get its job done effectively.13. Functional groups within a single organization are not subject to different forms of uncertainty.14. Conflict between groups is the inevitable result of functional groups having to respond to their own unique environments.15. Manufacturing and sales are unlikely to have the same goals and expectations.16. The reality of functional differences does mean that different groups cannot operate effectively.Section EUnless companies have some knowledge of buyer behavior, they would be unaware of and unfamiliar with the complex range of behavioral factors that impinge upon purchasing behavior. The truth is that, like much of human behavior, purchase behavior is complex and multi-faceted. Even the ‘simplest’ of purchasing dec isions is an amalgam of behavioral forces and factors of which even the purchaser may not be aware. However, even though consumer behavior is a complex subject marketing planners should at least have some understanding of it. Marketers are specifically interested in the behavior associated with groups or segments of consumers as it would be impossible to serve the exact needs and wants of specific individuals in a market and remain profitable.17. The purchasing behavior of consumers is unpredictable.18. Even if one could predict the behavior of an individual buyer, it would not be profitable for marketers to try to do so.19. Some consumer groups exhibit more complex behavior than others do.20. Purchase behavior is not subject to the same whims as other aspects of human behavior.When any company moves from a sales to a marketing approach, it is not just a case of re-titling the Sales Director as Marketing Director and doubling the advertising budget. It requires a complete reorientation in thinking and a revolution in how a company organizes and practices its business activities. Whereas selling focuses on the needs of the seller, marketing focuses on the needs of the buyer. Whereas selling is preoccu pied with the seller’s need to convert his or her product into cash, marketing is preoccupied with the idea of identifying and hence satisfying the needs of the customer. However, subscribing to a philosophy of marketing, even though an important first step, is not the same as putting that philosophy into practice.21. Advertising budgets are normally doubled when a company moves over to a marketing approach.Section GThe corporate mission statement needs detailed consideration by top management to establish the business the company is really in and to relate this consideration to future business intentions. It is a general statement that provides an integrating function for the business, from which a clear sense of business definition and direction can be achieved. By formulating a clear business statement, boundaries for the ‘corporate entity’ can be conceived in the context of wider environmental trends that influence the business. This stage is often overlooked in marketing planning, and yet without it the marketing plan will lack a sense of contribution to the development of the total business.22.The boundaries of a corporate entity can only be assessed in the context of wider environment trends.23.A corporate mission statement enables top management to define the future direction of a business.24.Marketing planning does not often take account of the corporate mission statement.25. Different functions within a business are likely to interpret the mission statement in different ways.Section HThe adoption and application of performance management methods requires many different changes in behavior and attitudes up and down the organization. These methods are not merely techniques; they are ways of life and a philosophy of management. Thus the introduction of performance management systems must come as part of an organiz ation’s commitment to change its culture. Only top management commitment to a new way of managing, often triggered by a crisis, can support such a massive undertaking.29. The support of top managers is essential in changing organizational culture.31. Using performance management systems for the first time requires minimal adaptations on the part of the organization concerned.32. The adoption of performance management methods of itself will create changes in behavior and attitudes.Section IThe ‘prudence rule’, which is sometimes known as conservatism, arises out of the need to make a number of estimates in preparing periodic accounts. Managers and owners are often naturallybe undue optimism over the credit-worthiness of new customers. Insufficient allowance may therefore be made for the possibility of bad debt. In turn, this might have the effect of overstating profit.33. Accountants should avoid making estimates when preparing periodic accounts.34. Most new customers are credit-worthy.35. Managers or owners are not often good judges of their customers’ willingness or ability to pay.36. The ‘prudence rule’ prevents bad debt from arising.Section JA partnership is presumed to exist when two or more people get together in business with the objective of making a profit. The law limits the total number of people who may get together to form a partnership. Apart from a few exceptions, such as firms of accountants and solicitors, a partnership may not consist of more Than 20 partners. The partnership will be managed by general agreement among the partners, but if there is no apparent agreement either formal or informal, then it is presumed that the partnership will operate in accordance with the Partnership Act, 1890. This Act lays down arrangements for dealing with such matters as the amount of capital to be contributed, the management of the business, and the division of the profits or losses among the partners.37. Some agreement must exist between partners as to the way they manage the partnership.Section EThe amount of accounting information that could be supplied to any interested party is practically unlimited. The information needs to be designed in such a way that it meets the objectives of the specific user group. If too much information is given, the user might think that it is an attempt to mislead them, and as a result all of the information may be totally rejected. In this context, accountants try to present accounts in such a way that they represent ‘a true and fair view’. The Companies Act, 1985, for example, requires company accounts to reflect this particular criterion, and it is advisable to apply it to all organizational entities. Unfortunately the Act does not define what is meant by ‘true and fair’, b ut it is assumed that accounts will be so if an entity has followed the rules laid down in appropriate accounting and financial reporting standards.19. It is a positive feature of the Companies Act, 1985, that it does not define what is meant by ‘true an d fair’.20. In practice, the proper application of accounting and financial reporting standards ensures that accounts meet the criteria of being ‘true and fair’.Section FThe style that individual managers choose to adopt depends in no small part on how they regard their subordinates. At one extreme, some will assume that the average employee has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if they can. They believe employees need to be controlled, directed, offered rewards or threatened with punishments to get them to make adequate efforts towards the achievement of organizational goals. On the other hand, some will take the view that, according to the conditions, work can be a source of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Employees are not seen as naturally passive, or resistant to organizational objectives, but have been made so by experience. The most significant reward that can be offered employees is the satisfaction of their need for perso nal21. Using rewards and punishments is a necessary part of organizational life.经典36题答案A:1 C2 T 原文第二句3 C 比较级,原文未提及4 C 未提及B:5 F 与原文意思相反6 C 未提及7 F No Consumer全否定8 T 原文C:9 C 原文未表达比较意思10 T 原文11 C12 CD:13 F 与原文意思相反not14 T15 C16 FE:17 C18 T 原文19 C20 F 相反F:21 C 未提及是哪个的两倍G:22 F 缺少修饰语23 T 第一句24 T 原文25 C 未提及H:29 T31 C未提及32 F 一个是require 一个是create 意思相反I:33 C未提及34 C未提及35 T36 F 相反J: 37 FOther:E: 19 F Positive不对20 F 一个是assume,一个是in practiceF: 21 F18题,根据Marketers are specifically interested in the behaviour associated with groups or segments of consumers as it would be impossible to serve the exact needs and wants of specific individuals in a market and remain profitable.而18题的意思,大概为Marketer即使能预测具体消费者的行为,也不能保持盈利。