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1.人们面临权衡取舍（people face trade-offs）2.某种东西的成本是为了得到它而放弃的东西（ the cost of something is what you give up to get it）3.理性人考虑边际量（rational people think at margin）4.人们会对激励作出反应（people respond to incentives）5.贸易能使每个人状况更好（trade can make everyone better off）6.市场通常是组织经济活动的一种好方法（markets are usually a good way to organize economic activities）7.政府有时可以改善市场结果（governments can sometimes improve market outcomes）8.一国的生活水平取决于它生产物品与劳务的能力（a country's standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services）9.当政府发行了过多货币时,物价上升（prices rise when the government prints too much money）10.社会面临通货膨胀与失业之间的短期交替关系（ society faces short-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment）原理一：人们面临交替关系原句可理解为“人们面临权衡取舍”当人们组成社会时，他们面临各种不同的权衡取舍。
典型的是在“大炮与黄油”之间的选择。
在现代社会里，同样重要的是清洁的环境和高收入水平之间的权衡取舍。
认识到人们面临权衡取舍本身并没有告诉我们，人们将会或应该做出什么决策。
然而，认识到生活中的权衡取舍是重要的，因为人们只有了解了他们面临的选择，才能做出良好的决策。
Ten Principles of EconomicsWhat Economics Is All AboutScarcity: the limited nature of society’s resources（稀缺性：社会资源的有限性）Economics: the study of how society manages its scarce resources（经济学：研究社会如何管理自己的稀缺资源）how people decide what to buy,how much to work, save, and spendhow firms decide how much to produce,how many workers to hirehow society decides how to divide its resources between national defense, consumer goods, protecting the environment, and other needs*The principles of ：HOW PEOPLE MAKE DECISIONSPRINCIPLE #1: People Face Tradeoffs（原理一：人们要面临权衡取舍）All decisions involve tradeoffs.（所有的选择都包含权衡取舍）Going to a party the night before your midterm leaves less time for studying.Having more money to buy stuff requires working longer hours,which leaves less time for leisure.Protecting the environment requires resources that could otherwise be used to produce consumer goods.Society faces an important tradeoff: efficiency vs. equality （社会面临着一个重要的取舍：效率与平等）Efficiency: when society gets the most from its scarce Resources（效率：社会能从其稀缺资源中得到的最大利益）Equality: when prosperity is distributed uniformly among society’s members（平等：社会成果在社会成员中的平均分配）Tradeoff: To achieve greater equality, could redistribute income from wealthy to poor. But this reduces incentive to work and produce, shrinks the size of the economic “pie.”（权衡取舍：为了实现更好地平等，将收入从富人到穷人重新分配。
