2020-2021学年湖南省株洲市第二中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析

2020-2021学年湖南省株洲市第二中学高三英语月考试卷及答案解析

第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

A

Located inLos Angeles,UniversityofSouthern Californiais in the heart of a leading city. Although LA ranks highly in

The Economist’s Safe Cities Index, navigating and city calls for certain safety precautions (预防措施) along with

practicing common sense.

♦Mobile Safety App Powered by LiveSafe

The Mobile Safety App powered by LiveSafe, manage by the USC Department of Public Safety and the USC

Department of Emergency Planning, is a free downloadable app that mobile users can use to initiate contact with

emergency responders around the campus. Features include: immediate “push button” calls to DPS, easy

reporting for suspicious activity or crimes in progress, and location services to notify friends of your route through

campus.

♦Blue Light Phone Locations

TheUniversity Parkhas multiple blue light phones that are strategically placed throughout campus. Take note of

where the closest ones are on your route. They come in handy in case you lose your phone or in an emergency.

These phones are directly connected to USC’s Department of Public Safety’s 24-hour communications center.

Besides emergency needs, it can also be used to report suspicious activity, request for an escort (护送) if you feel

unsafe and to report a crime.

♦Trojans Alert

Trojans Alert is an emergency notification system that allows university officials to contact you during an

emergency by sending messages via text message or email. When an emergency occurs, authorized USC senders

will instantly notify you with real-time updates, instructions on where to go, what to do (or what not to do), whom

to contact and other important information. All members of the USC community, as well as parents and regular

visitors to campus, are strongly encouraged to sign up for Trojans Alert.

1. What do blue light phones do for students?

A. Guide students through campus.

B. Alert students to crime activities.

C. Light up the way if students feel unsafe. D. Connect them with the safety department.

2. How does USC send out instructions during an emergency?

A. With blue light phones.

B. Via text message or email.

C. Through mobile safe app.

D. By calling all USC members.

3. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To encourage students to fight crime.

B. To introduce USC’s safety department.

C. To provide safety services for USC students.

D. To inform parents of safety risks on campus.

B

Why isn’t science better? Look at career incentive(激励).There are oftensubstantial gaps between the

idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials

are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and

penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous

and skeptical of methods.

All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn

out not toreplicate(复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does

replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them - but the amount that

doesn’t is too much for comfort.

But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with

small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are

just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.

It’s not like we don't know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about

feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls ondeaf ears.Why? Why aren't scientific

methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.

In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures

for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on

standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well the school can prepare students for the test.

We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good

measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more

credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably

prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for