不同光质对辣椒幼苗生长特征的影响

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湖南农业科学(2023年7月 

40--耕作栽培·生理生化HUNAN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES)

 引用格式:蒋宏华,谢玲玲,肖 伟,等. 不同光质对辣椒幼苗生长特征的影响[J]. 湖南农业科学,2023(7):40-45,49. DOI:DOI:10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2023.007.0072023(7):40-45,49

辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)是我国重要蔬菜作

物,早熟、高产、优质对辣椒产业发展具有重要意义[1]。育苗是生产过程中的一个重要环节,培育壮

苗是早熟、高产、优质的基础[2]。为促使辣椒提早

上市,我国南方地区普遍在冬前采用温室大棚育苗,

但南方春季常出现的阴雨寡照天气会直接影响辣椒

育苗的生长[3]。采用人工补光措施可改善育苗设施

内的光照条件,是大棚育苗时常采用的一种经济有

效且简单易行的方法。LED是一种新型冷光源,其不同光质对辣椒幼苗生长特征的影响

蒋宏华1,谢玲玲1,肖 伟1,解 涛1,王 鑫1,武芳芳2

(1.湖南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,湖南 长沙 410125;2.湖南农业大学,湖南 长沙 410128)

摘 要:为了探究不同光质对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响,在人工气候条件下研究了LED单质光对辣椒幼苗生长特性的影响。结

果表明:红光处理后辣椒幼苗的叶绿素含量较低,但株高、鲜重、第一节间长度、完全伸展叶片的长度和宽度值均明显高于其

他处理,到处理结束(处理后第18周)时红光处理的株高为121.35 mm,比紫光、蓝光和全光(CK)处理分别高44.70、51.72

和53.66 mm,红光处理的叶片长度比紫光、蓝光和全光(CK)处理分别长18.64、17.16和13.05 mm,叶片宽度比紫光、蓝光

和全光(CK)处理分别宽3.24、1.27和3.26 mm;而蓝光和紫光处理辣椒幼苗的节间较短、茎较粗、叶绿素含量较高,到处理

结束时,紫光、蓝光和红光处理的辣椒幼苗第一节间长度分别为40.22、45.97和48.01 mm,紫光处理的茎粗为2.07 mm,比蓝光、CK(全光)和红光处理分别粗0.17、0.33和0.39 mm;相对于红光处理,蓝光和紫光处理的叶片栅栏组织排列较密且细胞较长,

海绵组织较致密、胞间距较小;蓝光和紫光处理后根表皮和皮层细胞排列致密,中柱鞘、内皮层所占根横切面比例较大,茎的

初生韧皮部分化较早,韧皮部和木质部所占比例较大,木质部和韧皮部增厚。因此,蓝光和紫光处理可以使辣椒幼苗生长健壮、

根系发达,而红光处理可促进辣椒幼苗生长。

关键词:光质;辣椒幼苗;生长指标;结构差异

中图分类号:S641.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2023)07-0040-06

 Effects of Different Lights on Growth Characteristics of Pepper Seedlings

JIANG Hong-hua1, XIE Ling-ling1, XIAO Wei1, XIE Tao1, WANG Xin1, WU Fang-fang2

(1. Hunan Vegetable Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha 410125, PRC; 2. Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PRC)

Abstract:This study aimed to explore the effects of different LED light quality on the growth characteristics of pepper seedlings under

artificial climatic conditions. Three different light treatments were used, and the growth indexes and tissue structure of pepper seedlings

in a closed light plant culture darkbox in an artificial climate chamber were investigated with white light (full light) as CK. The results

showed that chlorophyl content in the pepper seedlings treated with red light was relatively low, but the plant height, fresh weight, the first internode length, and the length and width of the fully unfloded leaves were obviously superior to those of the other treatments; by the

end of treating (the 18th week after treatment), in red light treatment the plant height was 121.35 mm, respectively 44.70, 51.72 and 53.66

mm higher than in purple, blue and white light (CK) treatments, the leaf length was 18.64, 17.16 and 13.05 mm longer, respectively, and

the leaf width was 3.24, 1.27 and 3.26 mm wider, respectively. The pepper seedlings treated with blue or purple light were relatively short

in the first internode length, thick in the stem and high in the chlorophyl content. By the end of treating, the peper seedlings treated with

purple, blue and red lights were respectively 40.22, 45.97 and 48.01 mm in the first internode length. The purple light treatment was 2.07

mm in the stem thickness, 0.17, 0.33 and 0.39 mm thicker than the blue, CK and red light treatments, respectively. In contrast to the red

light treatment, of the blue and purple light treatments the leaf palisade tissue cells were long and arranged densely, the spongy tissues were

dense and small in cell spacing; the cells of the root epidermis and cortex arranged densely, and the pericycle and endodermis accounted

for a large proportion of root cross section; the primary phloem of the stem differentiated early, and the phloem and xylem thickened,

accounting for a large proportion. Therefore, both blue and purple light treatments can make pepper seedlings robust and roots developed,

while red light treatment can promote the growth of pepper seedlings.Key words:light quality; pepper seedling; growth indexes; structure difference

收稿日期:2023–03–24基金项目:湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ30410;2022JJ30348);创新平台与人才计划——种业创新项目(2021NK1006)作者简介:蒋宏华(1972—),男,湖南邵阳市人,副研究员,主要从事蔬菜遗传育种及产业化研究。通信作者:武芳芳

Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved. 蒋宏华等:不同光质对辣椒幼苗生长特征的影响

41--耕作栽培•生理生化光源发热量小,能近距离照射植物,且光质纯,可

按照需要获得纯正单色光或复合光谱,波长可与植

物光形态建成的光谱范围吻合[4]。光质可影响植物

的生命活动,能够控制和调节植物的发育状况、代

谢过程、生长形态及产品品质[5],因此不同光质强

度对植物的生长发育、光合特性、产量、品质[2]和

抗逆性[6-7]等均有较大影响,而光质对植物的这些影

响会因植物种类或同一种植物的不同生长阶段而存

在差异[8]。为了确定不同光质对辣椒幼苗生长发育

的作用,笔者在人工气候条件下研究了LED单质光

对辣椒生长特性的影响,以期为培育合理株型的辣

椒壮苗提供参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 供试材料

供试辣椒品种为兴蔬6号,由湖南兴蔬种业有

限公司提供。

供试LED灯管由深圳前景光电科技有限公司定

做,分别为全光(CK)、红光(R)、蓝光(B)和紫

光(P),各种光质的光谱组成及总光强见表1。用

反光板制作4个规格为100 cm×80 cm×80 cm的暗盒,

每个暗盒内安装不同光质的LED灯管各4支备用。

供试育苗盘为常规72孔育苗盘,育苗基质为采

购于山东省园艺研究所的商用育苗基质。

1.2 试验方法

试验于2021年11月至2022年2月在湖南省农

业科学院蔬菜研究所蔬菜工程实验室的人工智能温

室中进行。不同光质设红光(R)、蓝光(B)和紫光(P)

3个处理,以全光为对照(CK)。辣椒种子消毒后浸

种6 h,置于30℃恒温培养箱中催芽,种子露白后

播于72孔育苗盘中育苗,待幼苗子叶张开时置于上

述准备好的安装有不同光质LED灯管的暗盒中分别

采用红光、蓝光、紫光和全光(CK)进行培养,每

个处理4个育苗盘。培养条件为温度白天28℃、夜

间18℃,每天光照时间为7:00—19:00,培养周