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第1篇一、引言加拿大，作为北美洲的一个国家，以其独特的多元文化和开放的社会环境吸引了众多移民。
办理加拿大国籍，对于许多人来说，是实现个人价值、追求更好生活的途径。
然而，国籍的获得并非易事，必须遵守加拿大的法律规定。
本文将详细解读加拿大国籍的法律规定，帮助有意向申请加拿大国籍的人士了解相关要求。
二、加拿大国籍的基本概念1. 国籍的定义国籍是指一个人隶属于某个国家的法律地位。
在国际法上，国籍是国家行使主权的一种表现，具有排他性和唯一性。
2. 加拿大国籍的种类加拿大国籍分为两种：加拿大公民（Canadian citizen）和加拿大永久居民（Permanent Resident of Canada）。
公民享有加拿大宪法所赋予的权利和义务，永久居民则享有在加拿大居住、工作、学习等权利，但与公民相比，某些权利和义务存在差异。
三、加拿大国籍的获得途径1. 出生在加拿大出生的人自动获得加拿大国籍，除非其父母一方或双方不具有加拿大国籍。
2. 血统具有加拿大血统的人可以申请加拿大国籍。
血统是指祖父母或外祖父母中至少有一方是加拿大公民。
3. 移民通过移民途径获得加拿大国籍，包括技术移民、家庭团聚、难民等。
4. 投资移民在加拿大进行投资并满足一定条件的人可以申请加拿大国籍。
5. 军事服务在加拿大军队服役一定年限的人可以申请加拿大国籍。
6. 特殊贡献对加拿大作出特殊贡献的人可以申请加拿大国籍。
四、申请加拿大国籍的条件1. 年龄要求申请加拿大国籍的人必须年满18周岁。
2. 居住要求申请人在过去5年内至少在加拿大居住了3年，且在过去3年内至少在加拿大居住了1年。
3. 语言要求申请人必须掌握英语或法语，达到一定水平。
4. 知识要求申请人必须了解加拿大的法律、历史、文化等。
5. 道德要求申请人必须具有良好的道德品质，无犯罪记录。
6. 财产要求申请人必须满足一定的财产要求。
五、申请加拿大国籍的程序1. 准备材料申请人需准备一系列材料，包括身份证明、居住证明、语言证明、财产证明等。
加拿大签证内容解释1.引言1.1 概述加拿大签证是指申请前往加拿大并在该国停留一定时间的许可。
这项许可是根据各种不同类型的签证来发放的，包括旅游签证、工作签证、学生签证等。
对于许多人来说，获得加拿大签证是实现他们前往加拿大的梦想的重要一步。
获得加拿大签证需要提交一系列文件和资料，以证明个人的目的和意图，并满足加拿大移民局的要求。
不同类型的签证要求不同的材料，但通常包括护照、签证申请表、照片、旅行计划、资金证明等。
成功获得加拿大签证的关键因素包括遵守签证申请流程、准备充分的申请材料，并提供清晰、准确的信息。
此外，申请人的个人情况、旅行计划以及财务状况也会影响签证申请结果。
因此，申请人应该详细了解签证要求，并确保提供所有必要的文件和信息。
1.2文章结构在此部分，我们将讨论本文的结构和组织方式。
本文将按照以下结构进行撰写：引言部分将提供对加拿大签证内容的基本概述，并介绍本文的目的。
我们将对加拿大签证类型进行概述，并详细说明签证申请所需的文件和材料。
正文部分将包含两个主要章节：加拿大签证类型和签证申请材料。
在第一章节中，我们将介绍加拿大签证的不同类型，例如工作签证、留学签证和旅游签证等。
我们将解释每种签证类型的申请要求、申请流程和注意事项。
在第二章节中，我们将详细说明签证申请所需的文件和材料。
这些材料可能包括id明、护照、资金证明、学历证明以及其他必要的文件。
我们将提供准确的信息和建议，以帮助读者了解并准备所需的申请材料。
结论部分将总结本文的主要观点，并提供有关签证申请流程和成功的关键因素的信息。
我们将概述完整的签证申请流程，并简要介绍如何增加申请成功的机会。
通过以上这种结构和组织方式，本文将提供全面而系统的关于加拿大签证内容的解释，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和成功申请加拿大签证。
文章1.3 目的部分的内容:目的部分旨在明确本文的主要目标和意义。
本文的目的在于解释加拿大签证的内容，向读者提供关于加拿大签证类型、签证申请材料和申请流程等方面的详细信息。
身份认同方面的英语作文Title: The Significance of Identity in Modern Society。
Introduction:In today's modern society, the concept of identity plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' lives.Identity refers to the characteristics, beliefs, and values that define who we are as individuals. It encompasses various aspects such as cultural, national, ethnic, gender, and personal identities. This essay aims to explore the significance of identity in modern society, highlightingits impact on personal development, social interactions, and overall well-being.Body:1. Personal Development:Identity plays a fundamental role in personaldevelopment as it helps individuals understand themselves better. It provides a sense of belonging and purpose, enabling individuals to form a stable self-image. For instance, a person with a strong cultural identity may feel a deep connection to their heritage, which can positively influence their self-esteem and confidence. Furthermore, a clear personal identity allows individuals to set goals, make decisions, and pursue passions aligned with their values, leading to a more fulfilling life.2. Social Interactions:Identity greatly influences social interactions as it helps individuals connect with others who share similar values and beliefs. For example, individuals with a common national or ethnic identity often form communities, fostering a sense of unity and support. These connections can provide individuals with a sense of security, understanding, and acceptance, which are essential for overall well-being. Moreover, identity can also influence interpersonal relationships, as individuals may seek partners or friends who align with their values andinterests.3. Cultural Diversity and Tolerance:Identity promotes cultural diversity and tolerance within society. Embracing and respecting differentidentities can lead to a more inclusive and harmonious community. By recognizing and appreciating diverse identities, individuals can gain a broader perspective and develop empathy towards others. This fosters a society that values equality and provides equal opportunities for everyone, regardless of their identity.4. Overcoming Stereotypes and Discrimination:Identity empowers individuals to challenge stereotypes and discrimination they may face due to their identity. By embracing their identity and standing up against discrimination, individuals can promote positive change in society. For instance, individuals who identify as LGBTQ+ have fought for their rights and influenced societal attitudes towards acceptance and equality. This highlightsthe transformative power of identity in shaping social norms and promoting justice.Conclusion:In conclusion, identity plays a significant role in modern society, impacting personal development, social interactions, and the overall well-being of individuals. By understanding and embracing their identity, individuals can develop a strong sense of self, form meaningful connections, and contribute to a more inclusive society. It is crucialfor individuals to recognize and respect diverse identities, promoting cultural diversity, tolerance, and equality. Embracing the power of identity can lead to a more harmonious and accepting society for all.。
A guide to acknowledging First Peoples and traditional land: Land acknowledgements for staff and volunteersIndigenous Advisory CommitteeUpdated: November 2021ContentsOverview (2)Explanation of Terms (2)What is a land acknowledgement? (3)Why do we do land acknowledgements? (3)How do we do land acknowledgements? (4)Who are the First Peoples of this area? (4)Pronunciation (4)Your positionality (4)In-person meetings (4)Personalization (5)Take action (5)Online meetings (5)Written form (6)Important considerations (6)Additional Resources (7)OverviewDo you host meetings, or are working with volunteers and committees who host meetings? This resource is for you! The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and to answer questions for Engineers Canada staff, volunteers, and other stakeholders for conducting land acknowledgements at the beginning of meetings, public events, and conferences.This guideline will be your hub for understanding the value of conducting land acknowledgements, as well as tips, templates, and protocols for how to do a land acknowledgement at your meetings. It will be regularly updated by the Manager, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion.Explanation of TermsThere are a few terms and phrases we use throughout this guide that may be useful in constructing and delivering a land acknowledgement. You can read our definitions and explanations for these terms below.Settler society: Canada, as we know it today, was built on the lands of many Indigenous Nations and communities to form a settler society. Settler societies are established and maintained using many different strategies and mechanisms (including, but not limited to: genocide, forced assimilation, land dispossession, and resource exploitation), but ultimately, they create a system in which the people indigenous to the land are placed in a lower social status than those who come from other lands through strategic and violent means (see Resources section). By acknowledging the stewards of this land before colonialism, you are creating an opportunity for your audience to acknowledge a more complete and truthful history.Colonialism: The practice and strategy of asserting domination over a territory through force. Colonization involves the process of political control, occupation by settlers, and economic/resource exploitation. The colonial project almost always results in a settler society.Indigenous Peoples: We capitalize Indigenous Peoples as a proper noun when referring to the identities of people. In the context of this Land Acknowledgement Guide, Indigenous Peoples is the collective term for Métis, Inuit, and First Nations people who are within the borders of what we call Canada. This is not to say that the experiences of Métis, Inuit, and First Nations peoples are universal or monolithic. It is, however, a useful term in naming the universal treatment of these distinct and separate groups of people under colonization.indigenous peoples: indigenous peoples can also be lower case when referring to a relationship to the land. This includes lands both within and that extend beyond the borders of what we call Canada. In almost every corner of the world, there are people indigenous to that land. However, this may not be a primary identifying feature of that group, and in these cases “indigenous” is an adjective, not a proper noun.What is a land acknowledgement?The land acknowledgements we hear today are based on an old tradition or protocol carried out by Indigenous communities in Canada. It is intended as a way for guests to show their respect for and pay homage to the Métis, Inuit, or First Nation communities with which they are visiting and engaging. Land acknowledgements can also be a responsibility. They implicate the speaker in the history of the land on which they work, live, and speak.“It recognizes the strength and wisdom of the place that has given rise to the peoplewho are of that land and it invokes the spirit of that place to support your goodintentions.” (S. Calvez., R. Roberts, 2020)Why do we do land acknowledgements?Land acknowledgements are a practice, but they are also part of a larger process that we are undertaking, as individuals and as an organization, towards reconciliation between non-Indigenous and Indigenous Peoples in Canada. The reality is that Indigenous people are underrepresented within the engineering profession and at the majority of the meetings and events we attend, so we have to be careful to not appropriate the traditional land acknowledgement practice in an empty and disconnected way. Engineers Canada supports the practices of land acknowledgements in order to: •Raise awareness of Indigenous presence and land rights in everyday life, for ourselves and meeting participants.•Inspire reflection and motivation to improve the relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities.•Acknowledge our personal position within the system of colonization.•Recognize the ongoing history of colonialism and abuse of Indigenous communities, including the detrimental impacts that the engineering profession has had on Indigenous communitiesthrough discriminatory practices and disregard for Indigenous rights, traditions and knowledge;where decision-making that directly impacts Indigenous communities has ignored the rights of Indigenous Peoples as stewards of their own land; where there has been a lack of free, prior,and informed consent from Indigenous communities with regards to development projects.•Complement self reflection and cultural competency of staff and volunteers.Land acknowledgements are not meant to:•threaten or alienate non-Indigenous or Indigenous people•speak for or represent Indigenous communities•appropriate Indigenous ideas and knowledge•be a performance of good intentions, without commitments and actions to facilitate meaningful change (see Resource section)•be the only action we take towards truth and reconciliation (see Resource section)How do we do land acknowledgements?The aim is to practice land acknowledgements in a meaningful way. To achieve this goal we have linked this guide to the provision of Indigenous awareness training for staff (4 Seasons of Reconciliation 2020), as well as a resource list for further learning (see Resources section).Who are the First Peoples of this area?Do your research to find out if the land you are gathering on is Treaty Territory (seized through the legal system), Unceded Territory (not seized through legal processes), or part of Inuit and Métis homelands. Find the names of local First Nations communities who have lived there, and review the official formats we have provided for in-person and online meetings.PronunciationThere are hundreds of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit groups in Canada, and many territorial names and titles that non-Indigenous people are not used to saying. Do not be afraid to ask questions and find out how to pronounce the local First Nation in your acknowledgement. If you are not sure how to pronounce a Nation’s name, there are a number of ways to learn, including:•Respectfully asking someone from that nation or from a local organization such as a Friendship Center or Indigenous Student Center.•Check the nation’s website; they may have a phonetic pronunciation on their “About” page, an audio-recording of their name, or videos that include people saying the nation’s name.•Searching a Nation’s name on social media is another way of finding videos with pronunciations.•Call the nation after hours and listen to their answering machine recording.Your positionalitySpeaking from the heart about colonialism and your personal path on reconciliation is challenging. A first step is to speak to what you know: your own positionality, your background, your relationship (or lack thereof) with Indigenous people in Canada. It is important to note that relationships to this land and those indigenous to this land are deeply personal and dependent on a plethora of variables, such as heritage and history. For example, recent refugees to Canada might have different feelings in relation to this land than those who have descended from enslaved people. People who are indigenous to other lands may have a different relationship than those whose families have been in Canada since Confederation. By reflecting on your own position in society, you become more aware of the responsibilities and opportunities you have in reconciliation (see Actionable Items).“By recognizing the intimate relationship between the place and people, you aredemonstrating that you understand what is important and that you are trustworthy.To do this, you must use your own voice and provide the Land Acknowledgementfrom your heart.” (S. Calvez., R. Roberts, 2020)In-person meetingsOTTAWA: “As a visitor on this land, I would like to begin by acknowledging that we are gathered on the traditional and unceded territory of the Omámíwininíwag (Algonquin) Anishinaabeg people. To do so recognizes Indigenous Peoples’ long-standing presence in this territory. Further, this recognition and respect for Indigenous Peoples and their lands is a key step towards reconciliation. Thank you.”PersonalizationMaking the land acknowledgement your own is the next step. Relate your experience and the meeting itself to the Indigenous people of the land. Here are some examples:•“As a non-Indigenous person myself, I am committed to… [describe your commitment to actively working against colonialism, towards reconciliation].”•“As a visitor on this land, coming from [describe your background], I strive to deepen my own understanding of the local Indigenous communities…. I commit to reframing my responsibilities to land and community.”•“I come with respect for this land that I am on today, and for the people who have and do reside here.”•“The reason for our meeting today is to discuss a project that involves natural resources and directly impacts Indigenous communities. We acknowledge the need for meaningfulconsultation with Indigenous communities.”•“We acknowledge the contributions of [name Indigenous community] to the project/work we are involved in today.”Take actionIt is important to follow your land acknowledgement with actionable items. If you are giving a land acknowledgement, you may have access to a platform (however small or regional it may be). Use your platform to draw attention to Indigenous initiatives and movements, Indigenous-led projects, or explain tangible ways through which you will leverage your power and voice in solidarity with Indigenous Peoples. For example:“I am compelled to advocate for justice for Indigenous Peoples, which is why I call on the corporate sector to adopt recommendation 92 of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action.” Online meetingsLand acknowledgements need to be part of all gatherings, including virtual meetings. Depending on the location of your participants, you may acknowledge all Indigenous groups, or research the First Peoples of the land you are on.Here are examples of land acknowledgements you can reference and personalize:•“I would like to begin by acknowledging the Indigenous Peoples of all the lands that we are on today. While we meet today on a virtual platform, I would like to take a moment toacknowledge the importance of the lands, which we each call home. We do this to reaffirm our commitment and responsibility in improving relationships between nations and to improvingour own understanding of local Indigenous peoples and their cultures.From coast to coast to coast, we acknowledge the ancestral and unceded territory of all theInuit, Métis, and First Nations people that call this land home.Please join me in a moment of reflection to acknowledge the effect of residential schools andcolonialism on Indigenous families and communities and to consider how we are and can each, in our own way, try to move forward in a spirit of reconciliation and collaboration.”•“Feminuity was founded on land that is the traditional territory of the Mississaugas of the Credit, the Anishnaabeg, the Chippewa, the Haudenosaunee, and the Wendat peoples and ishome to many First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples.As a remote team, we encourage our team members, clients, and partners to reflect oncolonialism’s enduring legacy and engage in reconciliation meaningfully. We encourageeveryone to visit Whose Land and access the Indigenous Ally Toolkit by Dakota Swiftwolfe.”Written formEmail signatures can include a land acknowledgement. Here is an example:•“The University of Alberta, its buildings, labs, and research stations are primarily located on the traditional territory of Cree, Blackfoot, Métis, Nakota Sioux, Iroquois, Dene, andOjibway/Saulteaux/Anishinaabe nations; lands that are now known as part of Treaties 6, 7, and8 and homeland of the Métis. The University of Alberta respects the sovereignty, lands,histories, languages, knowledge systems, and cultures of First Nations, Métis and Inuit nations.”Websites can include land acknowledgements in the ‘Contact Us’ page:•“The Canadian Institute of Planners (CIP) acknowledges it is located on the traditional, unceded territory of the Algonquin Anishnaabeg people.”Other ways to acknowledge the First Peoples of the land you are located on include publications, reports, and any other formal documents. Consider the physical space that you occupy, whether an office or facility, and explore ways you can ensure all visitors to your workplace are able to identify what traditional territory and land you are located on. For example, place a written land acknowledgement on a plaque in your lobby or common area.Important considerationsKnow your audience: are there Indigenous people attending and participating in your meeting? They may have a perspective on the best way to acknowledge the territory, so consult with them. Doing a land acknowledgment at the beginning of a meeting does not mean we are done! The work that non-Indigenous organizations and individuals need to do towards reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples is a long-term journey, specific to each individual, and is constantly evolving for our organization.Additional ResourcesLand AcknowledgementsTeaching and LearningS. Calvez, R. Roberts, University of Saskatchewan2020https://ask.ca/curriculum/indigenous_voices/land-acknowledgements/module.php Land acknowledgementBaroness von Sketch ShowOctober 14, 2019https://youtu.be/xlG17C19nYoGuide to Acknowledging First Peoples & Traditional TerritoryCanadian Association of University Teachershttps://www.caut.ca/content/guide-acknowledging-first-peoples-traditional-territoryAre you planning to do a Land Acknowledgement?Debbie Reese for American Indians in Children’s LiteratureMarch 9, 2019https:///2019/03/are-you-planning-to-do-land.html ‘I regret it’: Hayden King on writing Ryerson University’s territorial acknowledgement Unreserved, CBCJanuary 20, 2019https://www.cbc.ca/radio/unreserved/redrawing-the-lines-1.4973363/i-regret-it-hayden-king-on-writing-ryerson-university-s-territorial-acknowledgement-1.4973371How an acknowledgement of ‘unceded Algonquin territory’ became ubiquitousOttawa CitizenJanuary 9, 2019https:///news/local-news/how-an-acknowledgment-of-unceded-algonquin-territory-became-ubiquitous/Territory Acknowledgement Panel TalkCentre for Teaching, Learning and Technology, University of British ColumbiaOctober 18, 2016https://youtu.be/lzqe2fh4ZdcMaking Coast Salish Territorial Acknowledgements MatterCoast Salish Cultural NetworkNovember 25, 2016https://youtu.be/-Tei5tGoQ4sBeyond Territorial AcknowledgementsChelsea VowelSeptember 23, 2016/2016/09/beyond-territorial-acknowledgments/What is the significance of acknowledging the Indigenous land we stand on?Ramna Shahzad, CBCJuly 15, 2017http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/territorial-acknowledgements-indigenous-1.4175136 Know the Land: Territories CampaignLaurier Students’ Public Interest Research Group (LSPIRG)/knowtheland/Gabriel Dumont Institute- Métis Culturehttps:///metis-culture/4 Seasons of Reconciliation Educationhttps://www.reconciliationeducation.ca/A Guide to Pronunciation of B.C. First NationsGovernment of British Columbiahttps://.bc.ca/assets/gov/british-columbians-our-governments/indigenous-people/aboriginal-peoples-documents/a_guide_to_pronunciation_of_bc_first_nations_-_oct_29_2018.pdfIndigenous Corporate Training INC.https://www.ictinc.ca/free-ebooksWho is a Settler, According to Indigenous and Black ScholarsAshleigh-Rae Thomas, Vicehttps:///en/article/gyajj4/who-is-a-settler-according-to-indigenous-and-black-scholars Turtle IslandAmanda Robinson, The Canadian Encyclopediahttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/turtle-islandSettler ColonialismGlobal Social Theoryhttps:///concepts/settler-colonialism/。
加拿大永久居民身份Permanent Resident介绍加拿大永久居民或者说常住居民是一个特殊人群，他们可以在加拿大永久居住，拥有加拿大公民所享有的大部分权利和社会福利。
同时永久居民仍是其原有国家的公民（remain a citizen of your home country）。
永久居民需要持有永久签证，移民签证就是一种永久签证。
其他国家的公民可以通过申请移民签证的方式成为加拿大的永久居民。
永居居民的权利永久居民（永久签证的持有者）及其随行的家人（配偶和子女）可以：* 享有加拿大公民享受的大部分社会福利，包括医疗保障；* 在加拿大任何省工作、学习、生活；* 永久居民满足条件后可以申请加拿大公民；* 受加拿大法律和加拿大权利与自由宪章保护。
永居居民的限制永久居民（永久签证的持有者）及其随行的家人（配偶和子女）不可以：* 选举和竞选（Vote or run for political office）；* 从事高级机密行业的职业；* 触犯法律后再在加拿大停留，并将被通知离开加拿大。
要想保住永久居民的身份你需要满足一定的居住条件，具体来说是每个 5 年周期内注满 2 年。
否则您就会失去您的永居身份。
同样，如果你在加拿大有犯罪行为你的永久居民身份将被取消。
枫叶卡 - 永久居民身份的证明枫叶卡 Permanent Resident Card，简称 PR Card，也叫绿卡，是你加拿大永久居民身份的官方证明。
（The Permanent Resident Card is the official proof of your status as a permanent resident in Canada）。
2002.06 加拿大实施枫叶卡制度，枫叶卡对永久居民就相当于护照对公民，主要用于永久居民离开加拿大后再次返回加拿大，如果你不会离开加拿大或者离开加拿大后不再回加拿大，枫叶卡的意义就不大。
当您申请公民并且被批准后，您就不再是永久居民，也就不再需要枫叶卡，那时您进出加拿大就只需要加拿大的护照。
identification 翻译基本解释●identification：识别，鉴定，身份证明●/aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/●n. 识别，鉴定●n. 身份证明具体用法●●n.:o识别，鉴定o同义词：recognition, verification, authentication, validation, confirmationo反义词：misidentification, confusion, disorientation, misunderstanding, misrecognitiono例句：●The identification of the suspect was confirmed by thewitness who saw him at the scene of the crime. (目击者在犯罪现场看到嫌疑犯，确认了他的身份。
)●Accurate identification of the species is crucial for the successof the conservation project. (准确识别物种对于保护项目的成功至关重要。
)●The identification process involves several steps, includingfingerprinting and DNA analysis. (识别过程涉及多个步骤，包括指纹识别和DNA分析。
)●Identification of the problem is the first step towards findinga solution. (识别问题是找到解决方案的第一步。
)●The identification badge must be worn at all times while onthe premises. (在场所内必须始终佩戴识别徽章。
)●The identification of the painting as a genuine Picassoincreased its value significantly. (将这幅画鉴定为毕加索的真迹大大提高了其价值。
