最新2020年职称英语理工类B级真题--优选及答案.doc
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2020 年职称英语理工类 B 级真题及答案理工类 B 级阅读理解Can you hear This ?When something creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium ( 礼堂 ) ，listeners hear the sound wave directlyfrom the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls , floor ,and ceiling . These are calledthe reflected wave or reverberant ( 反射的 ) sound , which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source .The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined bythe volume or interior size of the auditorium .It is alsodetermined by how well or how poorly the walls , ceiling, floor ,and contents of the room (including the people ) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time .The full-soundperformance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time . Thelight ,rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart needa reverberation time somewhere between .Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditoriumdesign .Smooth , curved (弯曲的)reflecting surfaces create large reflections . Parallel (平行的)walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid ,repetitive pulsing(有节奏的跳动)effect. Large pillars (柱)and corners can cause acousticshadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object . Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbersand relectors to change the reverberation time of a room .For example , hanging large reflectors , called clouds , over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass yo achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.1.This Passage is mainly aboutA sound waves and their acoustic effect .B the types of music orchestras playC walls of an auditoriumD the design of an auditorium2.Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies sound fuller in an auditorium with~ 2 / 3 ~A a short reverberation timeB a long reverberation timeC an intermediate reverberation timeD no reverberation time3.This passage suggests that a good auditorium shouldA achieve a pleasing mixture of soundB get rid of all reflectionsC not have absorbers.D have smooth surfacesrge pillars and corners mayA make sound rich and fullB be cures for sound problemsC be sources of sound problemsD function as well as clouds5.The word “acoustic “in the last paragraph hassomething to do withA performanceB MusicC soundD noiseSmart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricityuse for lighting，but the light coming through the windowalso provides heat.However ，windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1technology.Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywherein between with a flip of a switch2.“It took us a long time to figure out what a windowreally is,” says Claes Granqvist.He's a professor of solid- state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3.“It's contact with the outside world.You have to have visual contact withthe surrounding world to feel well.” So，windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel whenthey're stuck indoors.Yet ，windows are the weak link in a building when itcomes to energy and temperature control.In the winter，cold air leaks in.When it's hot and sunny，sunlight streams in.Allof this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy.And all ofthis extra heat forces people to turn ontheir airconditioners.Producing blasts of cold air，which can feel so refreshing ，actually suck up enormous amounts of electricityin buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for along time. Over the years，scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating ，glazing ，and layering windowsto make them more energy efficient.Smart windows go a step further.They use chromogenic technologies which involvechanges of color.Electrochromic windows use electricity to changecolor.For example，a sheet of glass coated with thin layersof chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit likea battery.Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge isapplied and dark when the charge is removed，that is，when the amount of voltage is decreased，the window darkens untilit's completely dark after all electricity is taken away.Soapplying a voltage determines whether the window looks clearor dark.One important feature that makes a smart window so smartis that it has a sort of “memory.” All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to theother.Then ，it stays that way.Transitions take anywhere from10 seconds to a few minutes，depending on the size of thewindow.The development of smart windows could mean thatmassive air conditioning systems may no longer need.“In the future,”Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.”练习：1.Which of the following statements does not indicatethe importance of windows as described in the first twoparagraphs?A Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.B Windows help to save energy by letting light in.C Windows help to save energy by providing heat.D Windows enable people to have contact with theoutside world.2. When are windows the weak link in a building?A In the cold winter.B In the hot summer.C When air conditioners are turned on.D Both A and B.3.What are smart windows ，according to Paragraph 4? AWindows that are coated.B Windows that are glazed.C Windows the color of which can be changed.D Windows that have many layers.4. To make electrochromic windows change color，what is applied to the window glass?A Electricity.B Tungsten oxide.C A battery.D A voltage.5. What will he the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful ，according to the last paragraph?A The buildings will look different.B Windows can be as large as you want.C We may not need air conditioners any more.D They are less expensive than traditional windows.词汇：flip n.& v.用手指轻弹，轻击tungsten oxide氧化钨air conditioner空调(器)jolt n.& v.震摇，颠簸，晃动refreshing adj.使人清爽的electrochromic adj.电致变色的glaze v.装玻璃，用玻璃覆盖voltage n.电压chromogenic adj.发色的air conditioning空调，空调系统注释：1.cutting edge ：本意为“ ( 刀片的 ) 刃口，刀刃” ; 比喻意为“最先进的，科技含量的”。
