2019版高三英语译林版一轮教师用书：第2部分 专题十 主谓一致和特殊句式
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专题十主谓一致和特殊句式一、主谓一致[全国卷考情分析](对应学生用书第247页)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2015年湖南高考)It is important to remember that success is(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes(take) years to achieve.2．What they need most is(be) money while what we need most are(be) textbooks.(2017年福建冲刺卷)Newspapers，as well as magazines，plays an important role in daily communication.plays→play[再解读要点]1．不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。
what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport，but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。
What he has said leaves much for us to think about.他说的话发人深省。
2．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。
3．如果主语后面带有as well as，with，along with，together with，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，in common with等加其他名词时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(2017年辽宁沈阳模拟)Modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers was sent to the village school last week.上周现代化的教学设备和几百台电脑被送到了那所乡村学校。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017年江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations，which was(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.2．The majority of visitors were(be) in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject was(be) simply surprising.(2017年陕西西安二模)The earth looks like a big blue ball，which is because two thirds of the earth's surface are made up of vast oceans.are→is[再解读要点]1．“分数/百分数/a lot of/plenty of/ the rest of/the majority of/half of/most of/some of ...＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词由短语中的名词来确定。
The factory used three fifths of the raw materials，the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。
The young，on the one hand，often think of the old conservative.On the other hand，the old always consider the young inexperienced.一方面，年轻人常认为老年人保守；另一方面，老年人总是认为年轻人缺乏经验。
3．people，police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；family，team，class，audience等作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若指组成集体的成员，则用复数形式。
The family as well as their dog were trapped on the roof by the flood yesterday.昨天那家人还有他们的狗都被洪水困在屋顶。
4．“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
(2017年吉林模拟)The number of people invited was fifty，but a few of them were absent for different reasons.受到邀请的总共有50人，但其中有一些人因为各种原因而缺席。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．There is(be) a dog and three ducks in the yard，in the middle of which are(be) two tall trees with great shade.2．Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary are(be) planning to go，because they have never been there before.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年聊城二模)Between the two rows of trees stand the teaching building.stand→stands[再解读要点]1．由or，nor，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数常和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(2017年贵州遵义二模)Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，takes great interest in the piano lessons.不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹——玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。
2．在倒装句中谓语常与后面最接近的主语一致。
In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。
3．there be 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词时，be的形式与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in my new office.在我的新办公室里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。
[技法点拨][全国卷考情分析](对应学生用书第250页)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2015年天津高考)Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.2．(2017年渭南一模)On the top of the hill stands(stand) a temple where the old man once lived.Ⅱ.单句改错(福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.在hardship后加did[再解读要点]1．完全倒装表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here，there，now，then，up，down，away，off，in，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。
(重庆高考)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China.在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。
2．部分倒装(1)否定副词(never，neither，nor，hardly，little，seldom，rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time，by no means，on no condition，in no case 等)置于句首时。
(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。
(3)so/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语意为“……也是如此/也不……”。
(4)在not only...but (also)...句型中，若not only置于句首时，需将not only所在的句子部分倒装。
(5)not until...置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。
(6)so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。
(2016年江苏高考)Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
(湖南高考)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。
