第1章-计算机与数据

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Chapter 1 Computer and DataBy 黄永平,权勇,孙永雄,王智,丰小月,孙铭会Knowledge point:1.1The computer as a black box.1.2von Neumann model1.3The components of a computer: hardware, software, and data.1.4The history of computers.REVIEW QUESTIONS1.How is computer science defined in this book?A:Issues related to the computer.2.What model is the basis for today’s computers? ( Knowledge point 1.2)A:The von Neumann model.3.Why shouldn’t you call a computer a data processor? ( Knowledge point 1.1)A:Computer is general-purpose machine. it can do many different types of tasks.4.What does a programmable data processor require to produce output data? ( Knowledgepoint 1.1)A:The input data and the program.5.What are the subsystems of the von Neumann computer model? ( Knowledge point 1.2) A:Memory, arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and input/output.6.What is the function of the memory subsystem in von Neumann’s model? ( Knowledgepoint 1.2)A:Memory is the storage area. It is where programs and data are stored during processing.7.What is the function of the ALU subsystem in von Neumann’s model? ( Knowledge point1.2)A:ALU is where calculation and logical operations take place.8.What is the function of the control unit subsystem in von Neumann’s model? ( Knowledgepoint 1.2)A:It controls the operations of the memory, ALU, and the input/output subsystem.9.What is the function of the input/output subsystem in von Neumann’s model?( Knowledge point 1.2)A:The input subsystem accepts input data and the program from outside the computer; the output subsystem sends the result of processing to the outside.pare and contrast the memory contents of early computers with the memory contentsof a computer based on the von Neumann model? ( Knowledge point 1.2)A:Computer based on the von Neumann model stores both the program and its corresponding data in the memory. Early computers only stored the data in the memory.11.How did the von Neumann model change the concept of programming? ( Knowledgepoint 1.2)A:A program in the von Neumann model is made of a finite number of instructions. The instructions are executed one after another.MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS12.The b model is the basis for today’s computers. ( Knowledge point 1.2)a. Ron Newmanb. von Neumannc. Pascald. Charles Babbage13.In the von Neumann model , the c subsystem stores data and programs.( Knowledge point 1.2)a. ALUb. input/outputc. memoryd. control unit14.In the von Neumann model, the a subsystem performs calculations and logicaloperations. ( Knowledge point 1.2)a. ALUb. input/outputc. memoryd. control unit15.In the von Neumann model, the b subsystem accepts data and programs and sendsprocessing results to output devices. ( Knowledge point 1.2)a. ALUb. input/outputc. memoryd. control unit16.In the von Neumann model, the d subsystem serves as a manager of the othersubsystems. ( Knowledge point 1.2)a. ALUb. input/outputc. memoryd. control unit17.According to the von Neumann model, c stored in memory. ( Knowledge point1.2)a. only data areb. only programs arec. data and programs ared. none ofthe above18.a step-by-step solution to a problem is called d. ( Knowledge point 1.3)a. hardwareb. an operating systemc. a computer languaged. analgorithm19.FORTRAN and COBOL are examples of c. ( Knowledge point 1.3)a. hardwareb. operating systemsc. computer languagesd. algorithms20.A 17th-century computing machine that could perform addition and subtraction was thea( Knowledge point 1.4)a. Pascalineb. Jacquard loomc. Analytical Engined. Babbage machine21.d is a set of instructions in a computer language that tells the computer what to dowith data. ( Knowledge point 1.3)a. An operating systemb. An algorithmc. A data processord. A program22.a is the design and writing of a program in structured form. ( Knowledge point1.3)a. Software engineeringb. Hardware engineeringc. Algorithm developmentd. Instructional architecture23.The first electronic special-purpose computer was called c( Knowledge point1.4)a. Pascalb. Pascalinec. ABCd. EDV AC24.One of the first computers based on the von Neumann model was called d( Knowledge point 1.4)a. Pascalb. Pascalinec. ABCd. EDV AC25.The first computing machine to use the idea of storage and programming was calledd( Knowledge point 1.4)a. the Madelineb. EDV ACc. the Babbage machined. the Jacquard loom26.d separated the programming task from the computer operation tasks.( Knowledge point 1.3)a. Algorithmsb. Data processorsc. High-level programming languagesd.Operating systems30. According to the von Neumann model, can the hard disk of today be used as input or output? Explain. ( Knowledge point 1.2)A:Yes. When the hard disk stores data that results from processing, it is considered an output device; when you read data from the hard disk, it is considered an input device. 32. Which is more expensive today, hardware or software? ( Knowledge point 1.3)A:Software.。