高中英语常考介词短语

高中英语常考介词短语

“介词短语”

介词短语=介词+名词

基本介词单名词

合成介词多名词

双介词名词性从句

一、45个常见介词的基本用法

1、about

基本含义：a-b-out “A在B外面”

引申含义：“A和B的联系”

1、在…周围：The kids are sitting about their teacher.

I like the necklace about her throat.

2、环绕：The bird always flies about the forest.

I plan to travel about the world.

3、关于：a book about English study

They are talking about the new film.

4、[adv] 大约

固定搭配：

1、How about...?

2、something+adj+about X

一些关于X的adj的事

2、above

基本含义：a-b-over “A在B上方”

引申含义：

1、在…上方:The sun rose above the horizon.

2、数目大于…/重量超过…/价格（能力、地位）高于…

There is nothing in the store above 50 cents.

“He who comes after me is above me ,because he was

before me” 固定搭配：

1、above all: 首先（强调重要性）

Above all, he was an outstanding mathematician.

2、above all things: 最最…

What you need, above all things, is confidence.

3、be above oneself: 兴高采烈=high spirit

When he heard the good news, he was above himself.

3、across

基本含义：a-grass “A走过一片草坪”

引申含义：

1、穿过：She walked across the road.

2、在...对面: The bar is just across the street.

3、交叉：He sat with his arms across his chest.

The two lines pass across each other at right angles.

固定搭配：

1、A come across B. A偶遇B。

I came across Yu Minhong the other day.

2、A get sth across to B. A使某物被B了解。

I want to get my theory across to all students.

4、after

基本含义：“A在B之后” （强调顺序）

引申含义：

1、在…之后（时间顺序、空间顺序）

After dinner, they went out for a walk.

I should after him, but he still went on.

2、照着…的样子

Read the sentence after me, please.

The building is named after the famous hero.

I will make a box after that one.

固定搭配： 1、be after寻找/go after 追逐/run after 追求

You should run after your own dream.

2、after all不管怎样（即：在任何事情之后都一样）

After all, he is your father.

3、look after照顾

5、against

基本含义：a-g-e“相对”

引申含义：

1、碰着、靠着：She was leaning against a tree.

2、反对：We should fight against crimes.

3、预防：Save money against a rainy day.未雨绸缪

固定搭配：

1、go against 违反（故意违反某人的意志）

He chose to go against his family.

2、be against

（1）违反（违反法律、制度）

It is against the law to hunt tigers.

(2)反对Lincoln was strongly against slavery.

（3）不利于What he said is against him.

6、among

基本含义：在……之间（指多者）

There is a thief among you. ” the policeman shouted to the

crowd.

7、around

基本含义：a-round”A在一个圆里面”（在一定范围内）

引申含义：

1、在…周围:There are many bars around the towm.

2、在附近、到处：I showed him around our campus.

3、【adv】大约：There are around 1000 people watching

the game. 8、at

基本含义:“朝向一点”

引申含义:

1、小地点,或小时间点

Usually, he is at his office in the morning.

I arrived at home at 7:00.

Knock at;look at;aim at;shoot at;arrive at…

2、表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因

He showed no sign of pleasure at seeing her.

Be surprised/excited at…;

9、before

基本含义：“在…之前“（时间、空间、顺序）

引申含义：

1、时间上：Please come back before 10:00pm.

2、空间上：Don’t put the cart before the horse.

3、顺序上：Health should come before wealth.

固定搭配：

1、before long:过不了多久

2、before time:提前

10、behind

基本含义：be + hide “在…之后“

引申含义：

1、空间上，在…后面: A dog is running behind us.

2、在后台操纵：There must be someone behind it.

3、时间上，在之后；能力上，在之后;

New York is 12 hours behind Beijing in time.

He was behind others in ability.

11、beside

基本含义：be+side “在…边上”

引申含义： 1、在...旁边=next to…; by the side of…

a town beside the sea

She sat beside the teacher.

2、与...相比=compared with

My work is so poor beside yours.

固定搭配：beside oneself 高兴（悲伤）的不得了、忘形12、besides

基本含义：“除…外，还有…”

There were 2 other students in the classroom besides Tom.

13、between

基本含义：be-two-in“在两者之间”

引申含义：

1、空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间：

Between two strange buildings stands a tree.

His age is between sixty and seventy.

2、表示两者之间的某种关系

He has to decide between life and death.

This is a secret between life and death（仅在我们俩之间）.

You should learn between lines（字里行间）.

14、beyond

基本意思：be+yond（在彼处）=在…之外

引申含义：

1、“在远处、在…的那一边”

What lies beyond my reach.

2、“超出…的限度”（能力认识）

The fruit was beyond my reach.

3、“除…了”

I can’t tell you anything beyond what you already know.

固定搭配：

1、beyond words无法形容 2、beyond understanding难以理解

3、beyond cure无可救药

4、beyond endurance无法忍受

15、by

基本意思：by后面的名词很重要

引申含义：

1、在…旁边

We prefer a table by the window.

2、到…时候

We have studied several prepositions by now.

I shall have finished the work by the time you return.

3、通过…;根据…;

He can tell the direction by the stars.

Don’t judge a person by his looks.

4、按…计算

Eggs are usually sold by dozen.

The temperature has risen by 5 degrees.

5、被…；

He was shocked by what he had seen.

固定搭配：

1、by accident/chance偶然

2、by all means想尽一切办法、一定要

3、by no means绝不、一点儿也不

4、by turns轮流

5、by mistake出于误会

16、despite

基本意思：尽管、不顾=in spite of

The old professor kept on working despite his poor health.

17、down

基本意思：向下