UK History英国历史

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British History I 英国历史

The Norman Conquest(1066)
• He confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Roman followers. • He established a strong Norman government. • Feudal system was established in England.
Julius Caesar ['dʒu:ljəs ‘si:zə]
Roman Britain
• Roman Army, commanded by Julius Caesar, invade England in 55BC. The invasion marked the beginning of the English Recorded history.
The Roman Army
• The Roman Army built two great walls (the Hadrian’s Wall & the Antonine Wall) to prevent the Picts in Scotland.
Roman Civilization
• Built up baths, temples, amphitheatres, villas and buildings, • Established network of towns(-ster, -cester, shire), roads and organized government system; • mined iron, lead, tin and manufactured pottery. • Brought new religion---Christianity • Treated the Britons as slaves and there was no intermarriage.

British history

British history英国全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。

欧洲西北部岛国，国土由大不列颠岛上的英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和爱尔兰岛上的北爱尔兰 4部分和众多小岛组成。

她的历史发展大致可以分为三大历史时期。

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern ireland. Northwestern Europe Island, land on the island of Great Britain from England, Scotland, Welsh and the island of Ireland Northern Ireland 4 sections and numerous small islands. Her historical development can be divided into three historical periods.从8世纪末开始，以丹麦人为主体的斯堪的纳维亚人屡屡入侵英国。

为抗击丹麦人，威塞克斯王国国王埃格伯特（约802～839在位）于827年统一七国，建立统一的英格兰王国。

到9世纪末,丹麦人已在大不列颠岛上建立大片居留地。

879年，阿尔弗烈德大王和丹麦人订立条约，将英格兰东北部划归丹麦管辖，称为“丹麦区”。

10世纪初，阿尔弗烈德大王的后继者逐渐收复丹麦区。

11世纪初，丹麦人卷土重来，丹麦王克努特大帝成为全英之王（1016～1035在位）。

克努特之子死后，英国王位复归于英人爱德华（英国历史1042～1066在位）。

丹麦人占领期间，英国封建化过程加速。

由于战争频繁，税课繁苛，特别是沉重的“丹麦金”，使自由农民纷纷破产，沦为依附农。

国王以诏书的形式把土地册封给教俗贵族,成为封建领地。

930年，英王下令“（自由）人必有主”,农民为躲避战祸和捐税、求得安全，便将土地交给大地主，再领回耕种，表示自己受地主保护。

《英国历史英文版》课件

World War II saw Britain stand
economic changes in the
alone against Nazi Germany, and
subsequent years.
the country's bravery in the face of
the Blitz remains an enduring
Stuart Era
James I and the Gunpowder Plot
King James I faced numerous challenges during his reign, including the infamous Gunpowder Plot in 1605.
Charles I and the English Civil War
Innovation and technological advancements led to a seismic shift in the way goods and services were produced, transforming the British economy and society adernize the country.
The decision to leave the European
Union in 2016 has plunged Britain
into years of uncertainty and
debate, as the country grapples
Victorian Era
Queen Victoria and the British Empire
Queen Victoria's reign marked the height of British power and influence, as the country enjoyed unprecedented prosperity and global supremacy.

7.UK History 2

（
After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, Anne’s brother-in-law and her sister then became joint monarchs as William III & II and Mary II. After Mary's death in 1694, William continued as sole monarch until his own death in 1702.
The Industrial Revolution
Background to the Industrial Revolution The constitutional monarchy created a good condition for the development of capitalist economy. The Enclosures supplied sufficient labourers for the large scale development of capitalist industries. The English bourgeoisie had accumulated a large sum of money and completed its “primitive accumulation of capital”. The rapid development of handicraft industry laid the necessary foundation of material and technology for machine production. The English ideology had also experienced changes.

英国历史简介

女王是英国世袭国家元首，除英国外，女王同时也是澳大利亚、新西亚、加拿大等国家的元首。伊丽莎白二世有三子一女。长子查尔斯王子为王位继承人、次子安德鲁、三子爱德华、女儿艾丽斯· 路易丝公主。

英国威廉王子（Prince William）和未婚妻凯特·米德尔顿（Kate Middleton）今年4月29日即将大婚，不仅新闻媒体高度关注，美国的有线电视台也纷纷开拍描写两人爱情故事的电视剧。

在2010年大选中，卡梅伦打出“为变革而投票”的口号，抓住选民“求变”的心理，希望可以由他领导保守党取代工党政府，打造新英国。接任首相职务后，卡梅伦表示，他和自由民主党领导人克莱格将抛开政党分歧，为公众和国家的利益而努力工作。为此，他将与自民党结成联盟，组建一个“强大而稳定的政府”。卡梅伦说，他将着手解决英国面临的财政赤字、社会问题以及重建对英国政治体制的信任等难题。他希望能带领人民克服困难，开辟更美好的未来。
The Invasion

Other large cities: Glasgow 格拉斯哥; Birmingham 伯明翰; Liverpool利物浦; Edinburgh爱丁堡; Leeds利兹; Bristol布里斯托尔; Manchester曼彻斯特; Bradford布莱德福德
Geography

自然地理：位于欧洲西部的岛国。由大不列颠岛（包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士）、爱尔兰岛东北部和一些小岛组成。隔北海、多佛尔海峡、英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆相望。它的陆界与爱尔兰共和国接壤。海岸线总长１１４５０公里。全境分为四部分：英格兰东南部平原、中西部山区、苏格兰山区、北爱尔兰高原和山区。主要河流有塞文河（３５４公里）和泰晤士河（３４６公里）。属海洋性温带阔叶林气候，终年温和湿润。通常最高气温不超过３２℃，最低气温不低于－１０ ℃，平均气温１月４～７℃，７月１３～１７℃。多雨雾，秋冬尤甚。每年二月至三月最为干燥，十月至来年一月最为湿润。

British History 英国历史

King Arthur
• Celtic Hero • Hold back the advances of the Anglo-Saxons
Knights of Round Table
Sir Lancelot
Heptarchy
诺森伯里亚 (Northumbria)，麦西亚(Mercia)，东盎格利亚(East Anglia)，韦塞克斯(Wessex)，
Stonehenge
most famous prehistoric monument in Britain The Iberians began building Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, dragging each stone into place.
30
WilliamⅠ
Robert
WilliamⅡ
HenryⅠ
daughter
daughter
son
Stephen
HenryⅡ
Henry Ⅰ
1 worked verry hard. 2.defeated his brother in France and imprisioned him for life. 3. his heir was drowned in the water . 4. his nephew took away the throne
daughter
daughter
son
Stephen
HenryⅡ
William Ⅱ 1. cruel ruler 2. Never married (gay) 3. unusual death (shot in the heart with an arrow)

HistoryofUK英国历史

In the process of resisting the Vikings, the 7 Anglo-Saxons kingdoms in England gradually became united and Alfred the Great became the king in 871.(hp2,P3)
2. The suffix “-caster” or “-chester”, in English place names, derives from “castra”, the Latin word for “camp”.(hP2) eg. Manchester, Rochester, Lancaster
2. The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. (The true slave society was introduced into England.) The Romans and the Britons never intermarried during the 4 centuries.
Alfred defeated them through many great battles. But he thought it impossible to drive all of them out of England, so he made an agreement with Vikings in 878. The Vikings kept the north and east of England, known as the “Danelaw”丹法国; while Alfred ruled the rest.

WEEK 4 - British History 英国历史

• Although Britain had lost her dominant role in the world, she has retained influence in several international forums. • Britain is a member of the G8, the UN Security Council, NATO, and the OECD. • She also has a large military anபைடு நூலகம் has taken part in the Falklands War in 1982 and both Gulf Wars (1991 and 2011). • London is also the world’s major financial centre.
6. Modern Britain after 1900
• The First World War changed British society dramatically. • 3 million men died between 1914-18. • Britain lost its position as the world’s leading nation to the USA. • Social changes to the class system and women’s right’s followed too.
The Industrial Revolution changed Britain forever
• With peace came investment in new ideas. • Urban growth came from rural migration. • A class system of working class factory workers, middle class merchants, and upper class aristocracy emerged at this time. • The Industrial Revolution changed British society forever by creating a class system • Eventually, this would change the political nature of the country too.

uk_history

British History (An Island Story- a story of conquest)Population: Nearly 61 millionCapital: LondonOverview: England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284 with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 with an Act of Union; in another Act of Union in 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in 1927.Ethnic groups: white (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh 4.9%, Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census)Religions: Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census)Languages: English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)Leadership: Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II since 1952; Prime Minister: David Cameron PREHISTORIC BRITAIN (Before 43 AD)∙Since 6th century BC, present day Britain inhabited by Celtic tribes.∙Roman invades British island in 34 and 35 to explore and see the opposition∙ROMANO BRITAIN (43 – 411 AD)·43 AD – Romans invade again, but this time to take control of the island∙Hadrian’s Wall is erected to protect the Romans from invaders (122 AD) INVADERS (411 – 1065 AD) – Angles, Saxons, Jutes (from northern Germany) Vikings ANGLO-NORMANS (1066 – 1215 AD) William of Normandy/ the conqueror and French speaking Britain.THE MIDDLE AGES (1216 – 1347 AD) knights, crusades, (Norman king-Richard the Lion Heart)LATE MEDIEVAL (1348 – 1484 AD)·Bubonic Plague (Black Death) in 1348-49 from Europe killed as many as half of the people in England.o Caused a labor shortage from lack of peopleo Statute of Laborers (1351) law passed to avoid laborers asking for better wages.TUTORS (1485 – 1602 AD) Protestant Reformation, Printing press/ which meant Bibles, Henry VIII (6 wives, needs to divorce, Pope says no, Henry declares himself head of church of England. Choose sides: Catholic /Protestant, Bloody Mary (daughter) burns Protestants to death. Elizabeth (1/2 sister) unity, no persecution, age of glory, Shakespeare, Sir Francis Drake (sailor) the rise of the British navy. Spain is the enemy.STUARTS (1603 – 1713 AD) Oliver Cromwell (for more than 10 years, no monarchy) Civil War in England. King Charles I beheaded. Cromwell dies, Charles II (son) returns. GEORGIANS (1714 – 1836 AD) France is the enemy. Duke of Wellington defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. American colonies lost. Peace…..for a time.VICTORIANS (1837 – 1901 AD) Queen Victoria. “The sun never sets on the British Empire” William Wilberforce ends slavery.EARLY 20TH CENTURY (1901 – 1944 AD) World War I, II , 1940 air raids Blitzkrieg.POST WORLD WAR 2 (1945 – present )。

英国历史概况

英国历史概况英国历史是一部征服与合并和的历史。

英国全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，由英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成，而整个英国的历史也就是由这四个区域的历史交织组成。

1535年威尔士成为英格兰王国的一部分，1707年苏格兰与英格兰正式合并为大不列颠王国，1800年大不列颠王国和爱尔兰合并成为大不列颠与爱尔兰联合王国，1922年爱尔兰共和国独立，爱尔兰北部仍留在联合王国内。

苏格兰历史简介苏格兰位于大不列颠岛北部，英格兰之北。

苏格兰的历史的正式记载是在古罗马人入侵不列颠之后的一些纪录。

公元5世纪，爱尔兰北部的盖尔人（凯尔特人的一支）移居苏格兰，曾在阿盖尔郡和比特郡地区建立达尔里阿达王国。

此后向东扩张到阿瑟尔森林和厄恩河谷，向北扩张到埃尔金地区。

公元843年达尔里阿达国王麦卡尔平兼任皮克特王国的国王，建立阿尔巴王国，王号为肯尼思一世，一个相对独立完整的苏格兰王国逐渐成形。

此后，苏格兰历经邓凯尔德王朝、坎莫尔王朝、巴里奥尔王朝、英格兰占领、布鲁斯王朝以及斯图亚特王朝统治，至1707年与英格兰王国合并成为联合王国。

威尔士历史简介威尔士位于大不列颠岛西南部，英格兰以西。

距今约29，000年便有人类定居于威尔士。

至古罗马人进入了大不列颠岛后，威尔士属于不列颠行省公元5世纪，随着罗马人的撤离，盎格鲁撒克逊人大举入侵大不列颠，直至到11世纪，威尔士人在盎格鲁撒克逊人的高压统治与入侵中度过，而同时布灵顿人开始称自己威尔士人。

公元8世纪，传说中的亚瑟王(King Arthur)领导布灵顿人抗击盎格鲁撒克逊统治。

公元9世纪和10世纪维京入侵使威尔士王国进一步统一，成为一个实体，但同时亦使威尔士落入英国皇室统治之下。

公元927年，威尔士国皇承认盎格鲁撒克逊国王阿瑟斯坦保护威尔士的主人。

在随后的11世纪中，威廉一世充分利用了这种先例，在威尔士边境建立的强大而野心的封建领地制度。

公元1282年，英格兰王爱德华一世征服最后一个威尔士北部和西部的威尔士公国（Statute of Rhuddlan）公元1284年，威尔士正式被英格兰合并，爱德华一世以《罗德兰法令》确立自己在该地区的统治。

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Hadrian’s Wall
Early Britain (Before 1066)
Anglo-Saxon Britain • Much unrest until 7th century. • Heptarchy: seven kingdoms of the 7th century (but this term is out-of-date) • Vikings (793 AD) • The Danes invaded and ruled for half of the 9th century • In this time period we have the origin of the word “England”: Land of the Angles • Alfred the Great, king of Wessex (871-899): saved the Angles from the Danes (Vikings) • King Edward (died in 1066) • Last Wessex king Scotland was formed in 843 AD
Joan of Arc
Medieval Britain (1066-1485)
Decline of feudalism • War of the Roses • 1455 to 1485 • Civil wars fought in England • Tudors won (Lancaster)
Medieval Britain (1066-1485)
Norman Kings • Henry II (1133-1189) • (Plantagenets: 1154-1485) • Great Grandson of William the Conqueror • Brought power back to the king from the Church and lords • Richard the Lionheart • Third Crusade • A religious military campaign • A total of nine over 1,000 years • 1095-1272 • Christians ﬁghting Muslims • Robin Hood - a legend based on a man who stole from the rich to give to the poor.
Richard the Lionheart
Robin Hood
Medieval Britain (1066-1485)
Decline of feudalism • King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta. (1215) • Imposed limits on the king’s power. This was the ﬁrst time a document was forced onto a King by his subjects. • This paved the way for constitutions. • Sold in 2007 for $21.3M • “Birth certiﬁcate of freedom”
Presentations
History of the England
Early Britain (Before 1066) Medieval Britain (1066-1485) Transition to the Modern Age (1485-1688) The Age of Empire (1689-1901) Britain Since 1901
Lady Britannia
Early Britain (Before 1066)
Roman Britain (Britannia) • Roman invasion in 55 BC, lead by Julius Caesar, ﬁnished by Claudius in 43 AD. • Left in 410 AD • Language, law, Christianity • St Augustine (354-430) • King Arthur is rumored to be around this time • Hadrian’s Wall • Designed to keep out the Celts. • Or to keep the soldiers busy
Early Britain (Before 1066)
Prehistoric Times • Stonehenge • Celts
Stonehenge
Early Britain (Before 1066)
Roman Britain (Britannia) • The Roman invasion was in 55 BC, led by Julius Caesar, and ﬁnished by Claudius in 43 AD. • Romans left in 410 AD • Some of their inﬂuences include: language, law, Christianity
Alfred the Great
Medieval Britain (1066-1485)
Norman Kings • William of Normandy (William the Conqueror) • French • 1066 became king • Battle of Hastings • What is feudalism: • A bound peasantry was subject to the rule of landlords and an upper class which was loyal and responsible to a king. • It was used by the French in England
House of York
House of Lancaster
Major English-Speaking Countries
Week 9-10: UK History
Agenda
Presentations History Lecture
Objectives
know the basic periods of UK history know some of UK’s key historical ﬁgures and the time periods in which they lived
History of England
Put the following periods/events of history in order. Feudalism Germanic Tribes Normans WWII Reformation and Renaissance Romans Industrial Revolution Civil War Act of Union Victorian Britain There correct order Romans Germanic Tribes Normans Feudalism Reformation and Renaissance Civil War Act of Union Industrial Revolution Victorian Britain WWII
Magna Carter
Medieval Britain (1066-1485)
Decline of feudalism • Parliament • First elected in 1265 • Hundred Years’ War • 1337-1453 • Between French and English • Joan of Arc (1412-1431) • French Heroine • Claimed to have divine guidance from God • Burned to death at the age of 19 • Black Death (1348, 1360, 1375) • killed one-third to one-half of the population
Essays
• Choose a person or event and write about its signiﬁcance.
Portfolio
• Research a current even for each country • Continue to add to your history section