THE BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE MERCHANT OF VENICE(对威尼斯商人的简单介绍)
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The brief introduction of the D value methodThe approximate simplification method of frame structure under horizontal load mainly includes the reverse bending point method and the D value method. The reverse bending point method mainly has the following three assumptions:1) The ratio of the line stiffness to the line stiffness of the beam is infinitely large,that is, there is no corner on the upper and lower ends of the column.2) The position of the bottom reverse bending point method is at the height of the2/3 layer of the base, and the reverse point of the rest is at the height of the 1/2 layer.3) The end bending moment of the beam is calculated by the equilibrium conditionof the node, and is distributed according to the linear stiffness of the left and right beams.However, in the practical engineering, especially for high -rise frame structures, the stiffness of beams may be less than that of columns, which will lead to larger errors. At this time we use the D value method.Professor Wuteng Kiyo in Japan modified the lateral displacement stiffness and the back point height of the column in the reverse bending point method. After correction, the lateral stiffness of the column is expressed by D, so the method is also called the "D value method".Modified D valueAfter corrected, the lateral displacement stiffness of the target column —D is calculated as following equation:212c i D hα=The D value method has four assumptions:1) it is assumed that the linear stiffness of the calculated target column and itsadjacent columns are c i2) it is assumed that the horizontal displacement between the calculated targetcolumn and its upper and lower adjacent columns are both j u ∆.3) it is assumed that the angle between the two ends of the target column and thenodes adjacent to the upper and lower sides of the target column are both θ. 4) the linear stiffness of the transverse beam intersected with the target column is1234,,,i i i i respectively.After this assumptions, The deformation of a frame structure as shown in Fig.2. θ is the angle of rotation of the joints, and ϕ is the shear angle in the high direction of the frame. ϕ is calculated as following equation:ju hjϕ∆=According to the moment equilibrium condition of node A and node B, it is known that:()()()34344260c c c c c c i i i i i i i i i i θθϕϕ+++++++-+= (1) ()()()12124260c c c c c c i i i i i i i i i i θθϕϕ+++++++-+= (2) (1) plus (2), after simplification we can get equation as follow: 22222ci Ki ϕθϕ==++∑ (3) So2ci K i =∑ (4) The shear force of the column AB is:()12cjk ji V h ϕθ=- (5) Take eq.(3) to eq.(5),then:2121222c cjk j j j i i K K V u K h K h ϕ==∆++Use α to take place of2KK+, then: 212cjk j j i V u h α=∆ So the lateral displacement stiffness of the k column in the j story is:212jk cjk jj V i D u h α==∆ So the value of α reflects the influence coefficient of the line stiffness ratio of the beam and column on the lateral stiffness of the column. The value of α in every situation is as following chart.SketchNote :the value of 1i and 2i in the side column is equal to zero.After we get the value of D corrected, the shear values of each column can be allocated according to the stiffness. Like following equation:1jkjk Fj mjkk D V V D==∑Among them:jk V ——the shear force of the k column in the j storey.jk D ——the lateral displacement stiffness of the k column in the j storey. m ——the total amounts of the columns in the j storey. Fj V ——the total shear force of the j storey in the load.Modified height of the inflection pointThe position of the inflection point of the column depends on the ratio of the rotation angle upper and bottom. In the actual calculation, we always according to the table gave by code as the following table shown.。
A brief introductionA brief introduction to a tourist attractionWelcome everyone, I am glad that you can come to Pingyao County, where there is the oldest Confucius temple. It was opened to the public Monday after a one-year renovation project. I hope you can appreciate the spot indeed. First, I will show the main building of the temple, its the most interesting spot here. Second, we can walk around to see the other area of the spot. Finally, I will tell the history of the temple. The main building of the temple was built in 1163, in the Yuan Dynasty , and has a history of more than 840 years.Compared with other famous Confucius temples nationwide, it was built 248 years earlier than that in Beijing, and 317 years earlier than that in Qufu City, Confucius’s home in east China’s Shandong Province. The temple in Qufu was added to the list of the World Cultural Heritages in 1995. The Pingyao Confucius Temple has China’s largest statue collection of Confucius and famous ancient Confucian scholars. Covering a total area of 40,000-1 -square meters, the temple has 112 buildings in 16 categories. that is the history of the temple.Please visit as you like. If you have any questions, you can ask me. That’s all.A brief introduction to a tourist attraction-2 -。
What is the French influence over English literature?The French influence is most marked in the drama。
Rimed couplets instead of blank verse, the unities, a more regular construction,and the presentation rather than individual - these were some of the French requirements which the English dramatists had more or less in mind。
The comedies are coarse in language and their view of the relations between men and women is immoral and dishonest。
What is the main theme of Sonnet 18?This poem asserts the power of literature to combat the ravages of time and declare the greatness of man and his immortality. Shakespeare expresses that as long as there are breaths in mankind, his poetry will also live on,and ensures the immortality of his thought。
What are the features of Dickens’s works?Dickens’s novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age。
关于简介的英语作文Title: Introduction to a Brief Introduction。
A brief introduction is a concise overview of a person, place, thing, or concept. It provides the reader with a quick understanding of the subject at hand and sets the stage for further exploration. In this article, we will explore the elements of a good brief introduction and how to craft one effectively.When writing a brief introduction, it's important to consider the purpose of the piece. Are you introducing a new product to potential customers? Introducing ahistorical figure to a classroom of students? Or perhaps introducing a complex scientific concept to a general audience? Understanding the audience and the purpose of the introduction will help you tailor your approach and content to be most effective.A good brief introduction should be clear, concise, andengaging. It should provide the reader with the most important information about the subject in a way that grabs their attention and leaves them wanting to learn more. This can be achieved through a combination of compelling language, relevant details, and a strong overall structure.In terms of structure, a brief introduction should typically include an opening statement that captures the reader's interest, a brief overview of the subject, and a transition to the main body of the content. For example, if you are introducing a new product, you might start with a bold statement about its innovative features, provide a quick rundown of its benefits, and then encourage the reader to explore further on your website or in person.When crafting the content of a brief introduction, it's important to focus on the most important and relevant details. Avoid getting bogged down in unnecessary information or tangents that detract from the main message. Instead, choose the key points that will resonate with your audience and leave a lasting impression.Finally, a good brief introduction should be tailored to the specific audience and context in which it will be presented. Consider the knowledge level, interests, and needs of the readers or listeners, and adjust your approach accordingly. A brief introduction to a scientific concept for a group of high school students will look verydifferent from a brief introduction to the same concept for a group of professional researchers.In conclusion, a brief introduction is a powerful tool for capturing the attention of an audience and setting the stage for further exploration. By considering the purpose, structure, content, and audience of the introduction, you can craft a compelling and effective overview of your subject. Whether you're introducing a person, place, thing, or concept, a well-crafted brief introduction can make all the difference in engaging your audience and leaving a lasting impression.。
TheintroductionofItaly意大利的英文介绍第一篇:The introduction of Italy意大利的英文介绍The location of Italy Italy is a southern European country, most in Europe from outside the Mediterranean Apennines land on the peninsula.Northwest-Southeast take the same shape strip west of the Kingdom of Sardinia to the old Sardinian.Another is the view of the southern island of Sicily, the largest island, a piece of the island and the Italian territory, Health feet as a footballer.意大利是一个南欧国家,国土大部在欧洲伸入地中海的亚平宁半岛上,西北—东南走同,形状狭长,西部的是撒丁王国的旧地撒丁岛,南部的西西里岛是意大利另一个大的岛屿,把这个岛和意大利本土一块看,恰像一个脚在踢球。
The color of the flag: Green = hope;White = belief;Red = kindness.颜色表现的三种主要的含义: ϖ绿色 = 希望;白色 = 信念;红色 = 仁慈以食物代表为ϖ绿色 = 罗勒;白色 = 莫扎瑞拉起士;红色 = 番茄其标志也表示为三个王国统一的意大利王国ϖ绿色=米兰公国的旗帜,其图像为绿底加双头蛇标志;白色=西西里王国,其图像为白底加西西里三曲腿标志;红色=威尼斯城邦,其图像为红底加圣马可狮标志。
The food of Italy Nothing says Italy like its food, and nothing says Italian food like pasta.Wherever Italians have immigrated they have brought their pasta and so today it is basically an international staple.Unlike other ubiquitous Italian foods like Pizza and tomato sauce, which have fairly recent history pasta may indeed have a much older pedigree going back hundreds if not thousands of years.Torre pendente di Pisa 比萨斜塔(意大利语:Torre pendente di Pisa或Torre di Pisa)是意大利比萨城大教堂的独立式钟楼,于意大利托斯卡纳省比萨城北面的奇迹广场上。
练习题2Blanks:1.The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) between the House of _Lancaster__ and the House of _York_ struggling for the Crown continued for 30 years.2.Because of the conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and the King of England, the far-reaching movement of _Religous Reformation__ took place in England, started by Henry Ⅷ.3.The introduction of _printing___ to England by William Caxton brought classical works within reach of the common multitude.4.The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of feudal relation and the foundation of ___capitalism_______.5.In Elizabethan Period, __Francis Bacon______ wrote more than fifty excellent essays, which made him one of the best essayists in English literature.6.Spenser is generally regarded as the greatest non-dramatic poet of the Elizabeth Age. His fame is chiefly based on his masterpiece _The Faerie Queen_____.7.From the first half of the 16th century, __the English Renaissance_____ began to develop into a flowering of literature and then England became “a nest of singing birds”.8.In the Elizabethan Period, __William Shakesperare______ is the greatest playwright of England.9.__George Herbert_____ is the saint of the metaphysical school.10.In the Elizabethan Period, __Francis Bacon____ wrote many excellent essays, such as Of Studies.11.__Edmund Spenser_____ wrote his masterpiece The Faerie Queene.12.Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and __Macbeth___ are generally regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.13.The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is one of __Christopher Marlowe_____’s best plays.14.Shakespearean Sonnet is made up of three quatrains with different rhymes, followed by a couplet. The rhyme scheme is _abab,cdcd,efef,gg___.15.The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was _Christopher Marlowe______ who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.16.The intellectual energy of the English Renaissance showed itself in the achievement of __ Francis Bacon ______, who is the first English essayist.17.English Renaissance was an age of ___poetry and drama_____.18.“Denmark is a prison”. The hero summarizes his observation of his world into such a bitter sentence in _Hamlet_____ written byWilliam Shakespeare.19.John Milton wrote his masterpiece _The Paradise Lost____ during his blindness.20.John Donne is a poet of Peculiar _conceit_____, having his own way of reasoning and comparison.21._ John Milton ___ is the greatest writer of the 17th century, and one of the giants of English literature.22.__ John Donne ____ is the founder of the “metaphysical school”.23.Robert Herrick is a poet in English Renaissance who belongs to the school of _cavalier_____.24.__ Edmund Spenser _____ is often referred to as “the poets’poet”.25.Shakespeare’s plays are poetical dramas. A great number of important dialogues and soliloquies in his plays assume the form of __poemtry_____.26.The second period of Shakespeare’s work is mainly a period of “great comedies”and nature historical plays. The general spirit in this period is _optimism_____.27.In the 17th century, __ John Milton _____ towers over his age as William Shakespeare towers over the Elizabeth Age and as Chaucer towers over the Medieval Period.28.During the civil war and the commonwealth, there were two leaders in England, Cromwell, the man of action, and __ John Milton _____ the man of thought.T/F1.The Protestant Reformation was in essence a religious(political) movement in a political guise. F2.The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its poetry(drama). F3.From Shakespeare’s history plays, it can be seen that Shakespeare took no(great) interest in the political questions of his time. F4.King Lear (macbeth)is a tragedy of ambition, which drives a brave soldier and national hero to degenerate into a bloody murderer and despot right to his doom. Fing from an old Danish legend, Othello (hamlet)is considered the summit of Shakespeare’s art. F6.Generally speaking, after Shakespeare, the English drama was undergoing a process of prosperity(decline). F7.English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama, and was(not) an age of prose. F8.The greatest epic produced by Milton, Paradise Lost, is writtenin heroic couplet(blank verse). F9.Paradise Lost took its material from Greek mythology. T10.The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, generally speaking, by fantasticality(mysticism) in content and mysticism(fantasticality) in form. FQuestions:1.Make a brief introduction of Paradise Lost2.Summarize the main story of The Merchant of Venice.3.What features do Shakespeare’s plays possess4.How much do you know about William Shakespeare’s sonnetsExplain the following terms1.sonnet2.Spenserian stanza3.blank verse4.Renaissance。
Brief introduction to the history of the Chinese Communist Party(1919-1927), Communist Party of China was founded in the early 1920 of the 20th century. The Communist party programme of giving for the first revolution against imperialism and feudalism, as has pointed out the target of the struggle of the Chinese people; bourgeois Democrats did not rely on the masses to revolution, promoting the Chinese workers ' movement emerged the first orgasm, the Chinese revolution in the face of a new. Under the CPC leadership, influence and promote, in cooperation between KMT and CPC under the condition of China set off a revolution against imperialism and feudalism. 530 campaign marks National Revolutionary upsurge in 1925 the arrival of the revolutionary war as a crusade against the Northern warlords laid its popular support. The Northern Expedition was carried out under the slogan of the Chinese Communist Party moved against imperialism and feudalism; advanced people in the Communist Party members and League members with the Kuomintang, played a key role in the Northern Expedition army. With the victory of the Northern Expedition, and rapid development of the leadership of the Party of workers ' and peasants ' movement, shaking the imperialist, feudal forces in China's ruling Foundation. At the critical moment in the struggle, because of the big bourgeoisie in the mutiny and the Communist Party of Chen du-Xiu's capitulationism errors occur, the revolution was a failure.(1927-1937) in 1927 after a failed revolution, in the face of new warlords of brutal rule of the KMT, CPC implementing agrarian reform and the overall orientation of the armed uprising. Chinese Communists represented by Mao Zedong, gradually switched the emphasis of the work of the party by the city to the countryside, the establishment of base areas, opening up the path of countryside surrounding the city, armed seizure of power. Leadership of the party base people armed and political power of workers and peasants of the revolution, many times in a row to beat the KMT's military "encirclement".Revolution towards the rejuvenation of the time, Wang Ming in the party "leftist" dogmatism errors serious loss to the party once again. As the fifth anti-"encirclement" campaign failed, the Red Army was forced to implement the strategic transfer-a long March. Zunyi meeting, held during the long March, correct the party's "left" mistakes and established the Marxist line represented by Mao Zedong's leadership, become a vital turning point in the history of the party, marking the party from an early age to maturity. Subsequently, the party led the Red Army to unusually strong willpower, enemy interception, and various hardships and difficulties, achieved a great victory of the long March.The anti-Japanese war (1937-1945) in July 1937, Japan launched an all-out war of aggression of imperialism. Programme of the nation by the Communist Party of the development of anti-Japanese, proposed route and protracted war strategy, principles of war, fighting for victory in the war of a clear path. The eighth route army under the leadership of the party, army and other armed anti-Japanese people deep behind enemy lines, mobilize the masses, opening up the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines, the construction of anti-Japanese democratic regime. Base area army and gradually become the mainstay of anti-Japanese war. After the Sino-Japanese war entered the stage of stalemate, the party's leadership the enemy's rear area army and a resolute Japan invaders fought and the anti-Communist KMT Bigot to rational compromise countercurrent, profitability, and with the struggle. The Chinese people after eight years of hard work, finally achieved a great victory of the war, as well as international made an indelible contribution to the victory of the antifascist war.Liberation (1945-1949) the end of June 1946, the KMT ruling clique flagrantly launched an all-out civil war. Under the leadership of the CPC, people's Liberation Army to defeat the KMT military attacks, and transferred to the strategic offensive. Liberated areas carried out land reform movement, the broad masses of peasants eagerly supporting the front. KMT ruled areas thrown up to the student movement led by people's movements, as support of the people's Liberation war of the second route. "Middle line" was bankrupt, further consolidate and expand the people's democratic unity front. Surrounded by the Kuomintang government in a nationwide. Party leading the people's Liberation Army in Liao-Shen, North China, Beijing and Tianjin three major battles, the eradication of which maintain their main military power of the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang. Seven at the second plenary session of the party to seize national victories and established new China politically, and ideologically prepared for. People's Liberation Army to cross battle, liberation of Nanjing, proclaimed the collapse of the Kuomintang reactionary rule. New-democratic revolution against imperialism and feudalism under the CPC leadership, achieved a great victory.Building (1949-1956) People's Republic of China was established, the Chinese people to stand up, began a new era of Chinese history. The CPC led the people of all nationalities throughout the country healed war wounds, adjust the economic structure of old China, so that the whole national economy is fully restored and developed rapidly. Under the direction of the party's general line, planned on a large scale economic construction in our country, in most regions of the country is made to the system of socialist transformation, promoted the development of productive forces, and laid the initial foundation of socialist industrialization in China. Socialist transformation in China destroys the exploiting class, the establishment of a new socialist system, this is a great historical victory. The basic completion of Socialist transform in 1956, laying a foundation for all progress and development of China then. The first five-year plan period, China's prosperous development of all aspects of construction.The Dong Cunrui, Pom PokoSee this impressive film of the Dong Cunrui, my feelings, a myriad of thoughts, heart can't be calm once. Be full of hatred against the enemy, a tribute to Dong Cunrui, arises spontaneously in my mind.In 1945, the militia Dong Cunrui joined the eighth route army, aged 16, he in the fierce battle exercises gradually become a resourceful and brave soldier. In the meantime, also joined the Communist Party of China. In 1948, at the battle of liberation of Longhua, our military is resistance by the enemy bunker, Dong Cunrui Uncle hold black powder from under the bridge, unable to find the explosives bracket, they wanted to use the barrel of a gun smashed a hole in, haven't levering rocks, Horn rang up, many soldiers fell to the enemy's gunpoint, suffered heavy casualties. Dong Cunrui uncle to victory in the battle as a whole, to his comrades ' safety, took the hand holding dynamite, destroying the enemy bunker, bravely sacrificed his own precious life. After the concept, I can't help but think of a Deng Shichang, Huang Jiguang, and others, all of them are outstanding sons and daughters of China. Our flag, our red scarf, is their blood. Them by the aggressor in Chinese aggression, for the country's victory in the war, dying for their country. In an environment that we live in peace today, but we still face a challenge, this is the challenge of science, so we have to work hard, study hard, and always meet the challenges of science and technology, as a technological power of the motherland.I loved the film of the Dong Cunrui, want it to motivate more people to fight for countryXibaipo travelsIn order to gain some deeper understanding of the Chinese Communist Party history, understand the party in the Chinese revolution is the most critical moment of the tide and achieved victory in the end, I visited the Holy places of the Chinese revolution--xibaipo.After more than four hours by car, we've arrived at this austere and sacred lands. Out of the car and, after a short photo, we went to the former site of the CPC Central Committee. Courtyard of former site of the CPC Central Committee, made up of several ordinary small courtyard. From the East and West, followed by Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, ren Bishi, and Dong bi-Wu's old House, back yard was Zhu de's former residence, there are military operations office and canteen. Yard buildings are all ordinary dwelling-style home, black plain wall, cross House music room is in each small homes built around modest fence. Look at all this, we thought we would naturally think of Jinggangshan dajing slim, thought of Yan ' an jujube gardens in yangjialing, that Interior simply "stand" how similar is similar. Interior wood table wooden chair, oil lamp Heatable Adobe sleeping platform, simple and crude as farmers in mountain areas. Only the pen and ink, books, maps and other items, ordinary and unusual. Corner window, Mau Huai tall bamboos, lush luxuriant Yu indifferent to quiet those reported in an elegant, poetic.Mao Zedong's small courtyard next to Zhou Enlai's small courtyard, horizontal sliding window will be laughing asked. Outside the yard they have a large rolling pan, listen to guide speaking, every major issues difficult to resolve, Mao Zedong used to push and grind, Zhou Enlai next to help, and around and around, the two giant wheels of promoting historical booming sound. Liu Shao-Qi and two fellow Hunan ren Bishi became a neighbor on the xibaipo, parents-in woven bamboo trunk hongfeng xiangjiang river water into the wind and rain in the village of Taihang, how much feeling. Tung and old in the room of an old spinning wheel, that was brought by Mrs Tung Yan, humming sound of spinning, often accompanied by Tung's old window light, ushered in xibaipo dawn. Backyard three cave-style living Commander-in-Chief Zhu, soil in front of a large ping, CEOs fist sword then often in the morning breeze in this acquisition, to show their skill. Exposure here, still feel Ying Grand and heroic air blowing to.I think xibaipo as the last stop of new-democratic revolution in China, is not only a great witness of the people's Liberation war to victory, but historical records of the Chinese people's revolution of the eternal. She will give us bearing in mind that part of glorious history, and continue to inspire us to work hard for our country create a more brilliant page[由Microsoft® Translator 自动翻译]。
Teaching PlanInstructor: Cui Luoqiang Teaching content: Unit 1 A Brief Introduction of the United Kingdom ITeaching period : 2Teaching Amis:a.to help students be familiar with the general information of the United Kingdomb.to help students have a command of the basic vocabulary and useful expression;c.to help students improve their speaking competence on the topic of the UnitedKingdom.Difficult points :a.Symbols of the UKb.Formation of the Country of the peopleKey points:a.The geography of the United Kingdom;b.the general information of different parts of the United Kingdom.Teaching Allotment :Period 1 :1.attendence check (2mins)2.the brief introduction of this course (5mins)3.the announcement of the syllabus about this course (10mins)4.the class arrangement of this course (10mins)5.warm-up (18 mins)Period 2 :1.Demonstration ( 35mins)1). Name of the Country2). Symbols of the UK3). Formation of the Country4).Name of the people5).Where is the UK and What‟s the size?6).Climate7).Natural resources2. Conclusion (5mins)3. Assignments (5mins)Topic for discussionWhat is gentleman?The influences of the Great EmpireTeaching procedure:Period One1.Attendence Check2. The Brief Introduction of This CourseGood Morning ,everyone! Welcome back! Hope you had a good time during the summer vacation! Now , let‟s come to our class, first of all, can anyone in this classroom tell me the English terms of this course?(Then T‟ll ask Ss to say it out) TheS urvey of English Speaking Country. For the word “survey”, when it is used as verb, it means “to look carefully at the whole of sth, especially in order to get a general impression of it ”, (查看,审视)but here, it means “a general study, view or description or sth.”(概述,总体研究). So from this word, I think now you should have a an general idea about what we are going to learn. This course is a core curriculum of your study. Therefore , full attention should be given during the class. Through learning , we can acquire the baisc knowledge about the state system and the people, government and its management, economy, education, society and culture, etc in those English –speaking countires, such as : Britain, Australia, and US.Meanwhile, by learningthis course, we can expand our horizon of knowledge and enhance our English, which will help you build a solid foundation for other major courses.3. the Announcement of the Syllabus about This Course :Book 1 Unit 1 A Brief introduction to the United KingdomIBook 1 Unit 2 A Brief introduction to the United KingdomIIBook 1 Unit 3 The Government of the United KingdomBook 1 Unit 4 Politics ,Class and RaceBook 1 Unit 5 UK EconomyBook 1 Unit 7 British Education SystemBook 1 Unit 8 British Foreign Relations &Unit 9 The British MediaBook1 Unit 10 Sports , holidays and Festivals in BritainBook 1 Unit 11-14 IrelandBook 1 Unit 15 The Land and the Peoples of AustraliaBook 1 Unit 16 Religion in Australia TodayBook1 Unit 18 Australia as a Liberal Democratic SocietyBook 1 Unit 19 Bureaucratic Power and Whistle-blowersBook 1 Unit 20 Sports , Holidays and Festivals in AustraliaBook 2 Unit 1&2 New ZealandBook 2 Unit 3 American BeginningsBook 2 Unit 4 The Political System in the United StatesBook 2 Unit 5 American EconomyBook 2 Unit 6 Religion in the United StatesBook 2 Unit 8 Education in the United StatesBook 2 Unit 9 Social Movements of the 1960sBook 2 Unit 10 Social Problems in the United StatesBook 2 Unit 13 Sports and Scenic Spots in America&Unit 14 EarlyAmerican JazzBook 2 Unit 15 The Country and Its PeopleBook 2 Unit 16 The Government and Politics of CanadaBook 2 Unit 17 The Canadian MosaicReview4.the Class Arrangement of This Course5. warm-upFirst , T will show some pictures about UK for the students and identify the location of them.Period 2 :1.DemonstrationThe Name of the UnionThe full and official name:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe abbreviated name:the United Kingdom / the UK / Great Britain / BritainThe informal name:EnglandSymbols of the UK and its member countries :Union flagUnion Flag or Union JackNational Emblem (国徽)☐The shape of a shield☐The symbol of the unity: the centerEngland: Yellow lionsScotland: Red lion ready to fightIreland: David‟s harp☐The symbol of belligerence: the middleThe Order of Garter: the medalThe helmetThe motto: Honi soit qui mal y penseShame who think of it badly.Shame whoever thinks it evil (恶有恶报)☐The symbol of support, and the passant guardianEngland: the standing lion: a passant guardianScotland: the standing unicorn☐The symbol of the importance of England☐The symbol of the king/queenThe motto of the queen: Dieu et mon droitGod and my right (天有上帝,我有权力)P.S:Chinese National Emblemcontains a representation of Tiananmen Gate, the entrance gate of the Forbidden City from the Tiananmen Square in Beijing, in a red circle. Above this representation are the five stars found on the national flag. The largest star represents the Communist Party of China, while the four smaller stars represent the four social classes as defined in Maoism. The emblem is described as being "Composed of patterns of the national flag."[1] These elements were described as...The red color of the flag symbolizes revolution and the yellow color of the stars the golden brilliant rays radiating from the vast red land. The design of four smaller stars surrounding a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC)—China Yearbook 2004[2]Chinese National Anthem : March of the V olunteersChinese National Flag : According to the current government interpretation of the flag, the red background symbolizes the revolution and the golden colors were used to "radiate" on the red background. The five stars and their relationship represents the unity of Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The orientation of the stars shows that the unity should go around a center.[6] In the original description of the flag by Zeng, the larger star symbolizes the Communist Party of China, and the four smaller stars that surround the big star symbolize the four social classes (the working class, the peasantry, the urban petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie) of Chinese people mentioned in Mao's "On the People's Democratic Dictatorship". The five stars that formed an ellipse represent the territory of China (including Outer Mongolia) which is shaped like a Begonia (海棠花)leaf. British national anthem (国歌)☐"God Save the Queen/ the King"Used to be an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms;Currently serves as the national anthem of the United Kingdom, one of the twonational anthems of New Zealand, and the royal anthem of Canada, Australia, Jamaica and the Isle of Man.God save the QueenGod save our gracious Queen 帝保佑女王, Long live our noble Queen 祝她万寿无疆, God save the Queen 神佑女王。
淮北煤炭师范学院2012届学士学位论文An Analysis of the Protagonist's Psychology of TheCatcher in the Rye学院、专业外国语学院、英语研究方向美国文学学生姓名方小京学号 20080501021指导教师姓名魏赟指导教师职称讲师2011年10月16 日AcknowledgementsHerein I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor, Mrs. weiyun, for her insightful views on how this thesis should be constructed, and for her providing me with timely feedback, careful modification and encouragement that are very helpful for writing the thesis. Without her help, this thesis would have been impossible. Mrs.wei’s passion in this field is never-ceasing and inspiring. From her, I have more closely experienced what the virtues like integrity and devotion mean for a true scholar.I should express my gratitude to my families and classmates. I thank them for their encouragement when I felt frustrated in the process of writing the thesis, and for their suggestions and supports.The Analysis of Protagonist's Psychology of the Catcher in theRyeAbstract:As one of the famous “reclusive writers”in the United States,Jerome David Salinger gets high reputation after World WarⅡ.His only novel The Catcher in the Rye is regarded as a “modern classic”in post-war American literature. His works make him a representative of novels of a new kind.His works are both mysterious and serious with their own characteristic style. Salinger's works reflect the inner conflicts of American adolescents after World War Ⅱand have great influences on Americans.The story told by sixteen-year-old Holden Caulfield,the hero and narrator of the novel,is facused on what Holden has experienced in his three-day vagabond life in New Y ork after he is expelled from Pency Prep around Christmas for his bad grades.I plan to regard Holden Canlfield as the portrayal of American adolescents,and try to explore Holden's inner world.The inner contradictions and conflicts are the typical characteristics of protagonist Holden in the Catcher in the Rye.Because of his inner contradictions and conflicts, this novel has become the age-old riddle of the literary world in the twentieth century. I plan to explain Holden's psychology from his surroundings, including his school, his family, the society. And I can also reveal Holden's inner world by the red hunting hat and the duck. Through exploring the protagonist Holden's inner world to reveal the post-war society of United States and the people who lack of ideal,depression,only pursue material life. Hence,”the depressed generation”appears.Key words:Holden Caulfield, inner contradictions and conflicts, the depressed generation, psychology, protagonist《麦田里的守望者》主人公心理分析摘要:杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格(Jerome David Salinger)是美国著名“遁世”作家之一,他迄今为止发表的唯一一部小说《麦田里的守望者》在美国战后文学中被誉为“现代经典”;他的作品使他被公认为战后另一类型小说的代表人物,具有严肃,自由而又趋于神秘主义的独特写作风格。
英文历史畅销书全文共四篇示例,供读者参考第一篇示例:英文历史书籍作为历史爱好者的必备藏品,不仅可以帮助读者更深入地了解历史事件和人物,还能提供不同的历史观点和解读。
随着时间的推移,一些历史畅销书已经成为了经典之作,被广泛传阅和翻译。
本文将介绍一些英文历史畅销书,让读者了解它们的内涵和价值。
1. "A Brief History of Time" by Stephen Hawking“A Brief History of Time”是史蒂芬·霍金的代表作之一,被誉为科学普及界的经典之作。
该书以通俗易懂的语言介绍了宇宙和物理学的基本概念,深入浅出地解释了黑洞、时间、引力等复杂的科学理论。
霍金通过这本书为读者揭开了宇宙奥秘的面纱,让人们对宇宙的奇妙之处有了更深的理解。
2. "Guns, Germs, and Steel" by Jared Diamond“Guns, Germs, and Steel”是杰拉德·戴蒙德的作品,探讨了人类文明发展的原因和差异。
戴蒙德通过对地理环境、种族差异和文化传承等方面的分析,解释了为什么某些地区的文明比其他地区更发达。
这本书不仅引发了读者们对人类文明的深刻思考,也帮助人们理解了历史的进程和影响因素。
《安妮日记》是一部流传甚广的文学作品,由安妮·弗兰克在第二次世界大战期间记录的日记构成。
这本书以安妮少女的视角展现了犹太人在纳粹德国统治下的生活,深刻地反映了战争带来的痛苦和伤害。
安妮的坚强和乐观精神感染了无数读者,成为了永恒的经典之作。
《美国人民的历史》是霍华德·辛恩的代表作之一,对美国历史进行了一次全新的诠释和解读。
辛恩在书中聚焦于普通人民的命运和抗争,对殖民地时代、独立战争、奴隶制度、工人运动等历史事件进行了深入研究和分析。
这本书让读者从不同的视角看待美国历史,为人们提供了更全面和多元的历史观。
英语本科一、文学类1. A Comparative Study of Tao Yuan-Min and William Wordsworth2. On Characterization of Jane Eyre3. An Analysis of Jane Eyre4. Mrs. Browning’s Sonnets from the Portuguese5. Jane Eyre’s Search for Christianity6. Comment in the Techniques of E mily Bronte’s Dual Personalities in Wuthering Heights7. The Realism of the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn8. Mark Twain and Huck Finn9. Love Stories in William Cather’s “O Pioneers”10. Life with Struggle11. A Character Analysis of the Heroine of Emma12. Thought of Marriage in Jane Austen’s “Pride and Prejudice”13. An Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Raven” and “Annabel Lee”14. An Analysis of the Source of Tess’ Tragedy15. Heroism in Hemingway’s Works16. “Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty”17. The Light of the Dark:the Greatest Works of Conan and Agatha18. The Am biguity in The Scarlet Letter19. About the Sym bolism in The Scarlet Letter20. On Wuthering Heights21. Money and Marriage22. The Literature Characteristics in A Tale of Two Cities23. Jane Eyre, a Sym bol of Fem inism24. Desalination and Optimization25. The Impact of Money on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice26. The Dilemma of Marriage27. On Wordsworth’s View of Nature28. On the Symbolism of D.H. Lawrence’s “The Rainbow”29. A Brief Discussion about Tess30. The Character of Jane Eyre31. A Challenge to Morality and Convention32. A Picturesque Nouel, Tess of the D’Urbervilles33. Simple Analysis on Milton and Paradise Lost34. How the Brontes Becom e World Famous Writers35. The Humanity Hidden Behind Nature36. Analysis of Characters of Don Quxiote37. Analysis of the Characters in Jane Eyre38. The Character Analysis of Pride and Prejudice39. On the Author and the Major Characters of The Pearl40. Three Structures in Pride and Prejudice41. Revelation in Fore Couples of Pride and Prejudice42. The Brief Analysis of Shakespeare’s Tragedy Tradition43. The Versification of English Poetry and Metrical44. Contrast Between Chinese Poetry and Sonnets45. Social Reality Reflected in Ode To the West Wing46. Hamlet and His Delay47. To Champ with the Changes48. Hawthorne’s Theory of Romance and The Scarlet Letter49. The Cuban Culture Contest of “The Old Man and the Sea”50. Comment the Them es of “The Merchant of Venice”二、教学法类1. The Application of Schem a Theory in Reading Comprehension2. Body Language in English Teaching3. The Diversification of English Language Teaching4. The Present Situation of Bilingual Education5. Culture and English Teaching6. Som e Designs on English Learning7. Creating Learning Environments8. Collaborative Learning: Group Work9. How Group Work Helps to Teach English Well10. The Process of Language Learning and Teaching11. Motivation for English Teaching12. Solitariness13. The Activities Used to Im prove the Eng lish Teaching Class14. Practice of Task-based Teaching Approach Based on Construction15. The Interest of English Learning16. Teach Reading in Senior Middle School17. Cooperative Learning in the Secondary School18. A Balanced Activities Approach in Co mmunicative Foreign Language Teaching19. On Communicative Way in Grammar Teaching20. Culture Education in School English Teaching21. Consideration on Bilingual Teaching22. Cross-culture Communication and English Teaching in Middle School23. Study of Business Letter24. The English Teaching Based on Multimedia25. The Contrast of Middle School Education between China & West26. Culture Lead-in in English Teaching27. Psychological Factors in English Teaching at Middle School28. The Factors Affecting on Teaching a Language and Relevant Teaching Methods29. A Thesis Presented to the Depart m ent of English30. Making Use of Resources on the Internet to Assist Middle School Teaching三、语言学类1. Latin’s Influence on the English Vocabulary in the History Perspective2. The Recognition of Componential Analysis and Its Application3. On English Language Historical Changes4. On English Vocabulary Acquisition5. My Study on Com plimenting6. Change of Meaning7. Personality Equality and Wealth Equality8. An Exploration of Body Language9. The Linguistic Characteristics of Advertising English10. On the Merit and Application of Computer-assisted Instruction11. Multiple Intelligence Theory and Language Teaching-Considering Student-Countered12. Body Language on Nonverbal Communication13. Analysis of Language Characteristics in Advertising English四、中西文化比较类1. A Brief Discussion on Cultural Difference Between Chinese and English2. The Euphemism in English3. Characteristic and Cultural Differences of the English and Chinese Idioms4. Culture Differences in English Learning5. Animals in Chinese and Western Culture6. Cultural Differences in English Teaching7. Chinese and Western Culture Values in Advertising Language8. The Im pact of Econom ic Globalization on World Culture9. A Comparison of Color Words between Chinese and English10. The Similarities and Differences between Chinese and English Culture11. Deep-structure Transfer in Cross-cultural Communication12. Cultural Differences in Nonverbal Communication13. English and Chinese Idioms14. Proverbs and Culture15. Body Language Functions in Cultures16. Difference and Similarities of the Word: Black17. Culture, Language and Communication18. Euphemism ---Their Construction and Application19. Culture Difference and Translation20. Exotic Cultures Influence on English Vocabulary21. The Future Em ergence of Chinese English22. Euphemism in English23. The Differences Between Chinese and Western Cultures and English Education24. Differences Between Am erican and English on Lexis25. Similarities and Differences in the Connotation of Animal Words in English五、翻译类1. The Translation of Trade Marks and Culture2. Interpreting and Interpreting Skills3. On Poem Translation4. The Appropriateness and Comparison of Poem Translation5. The Character of Title and Translation6. The Social and Cultural Factors in Translation Practice7. English and Chinese Comparison and Translation8. On the Faithfulness in Translation9. On Literal Translation and Free Translation10. Translation for EST11. On Translation Methods of Numerals in Chinese and English12. On the Du Fu’s Poem s Translation13. The Com parison and Translation of Chinese and English Idioms14. Loyalty in Translation15. Equivalence and its Application in Translation16. Cultural Equivalence in Translation17. Onomatopoeia and its Translation18. On the Cross-Culture Pragmatic Failure in English Translation19. Remarks on the Translation of Chinese Set-Phrase20. What is an Ideal Translation?。
摘要索尔·贝娄是美国文学史上最杰出的作家之一。
1976年他荣获诺贝尔文学奖,这一奖项为他赢得了国际声望。
他的作品《赫索格》被认为是美国二战后最伟大的小说之一。
这部作品为他获得诺贝尔奖打下了坚实的基础。
这部作品主要描述了一个美国犹太裔知识分子的精神危机。
贝娄运用书信、内心独白、视角转换以及独特的叙事时间和空间深入的刻画了人物也阐明了主题。
本文从叙事学理论的角度分析小说《赫索格》的叙事技巧。
并且试图探索这些叙事技巧与小说主题的相关性。
本文用五章的篇幅来分析这一问题。
第一章主要介绍了贝娄以及他的代表作品《赫索格》。
小说独特的叙事技巧和深刻的主题值得深入研究。
叙事学理论是本文的主要理论支撑因此在这一章中也对叙事学理论作了相应的介绍。
法国叙事学家热拉尔·热内特的《叙事话语》是一部运用叙事学理论分析文学作品的力作。
本文也是将《叙事话语》作为最重要的理论支撑。
第二章旨在研究小说独特的叙事结构。
大部分小说有一或两个叙事层,而《赫索格》有三个叙事层。
同时贝娄又将带有主人公赫索格理性思考和抽象思维的信件与记忆穿插在三个叙事层中这也构成了小说独特的叙事结构。
第三章主要探讨了小说的叙事时间和空间。
在小说中叙事时间和空间是非常零散的,贝娄灵活的掌握时间和空间为小说创造出了独特的气氛也深刻的反映出主人公赫索格凌乱的内心世界。
第四章分析了小说中不断变换的视角。
这一叙事手法给读者一个全方位了解主人公赫索格的机会。
第五章是对前面几章的总结。
本分通过分析小说中的独特的叙事技巧更加充分的了解了小说中的主人公和主题同时欣赏了作者是怎样运用独特的叙事技巧烘托主题的。
关键词:索尔·贝娄;叙事学;写作技巧CONTENTSABSTRACT (ENGLISH) (i)ABSTRACT (CHINESE) (iii)CHAPTERI. INTRODUCTION (1)A. A Brief Introduction to Saul Bellow and Herzog (1)B. A Brief Introduction to Narratology (5)1. The Definition of Narratology (5)2. Studies on Narratology at Home and Aboard (6)3. The possibility of Studying Herzog with Genette‟s Theory of Narratology (7)C. Thesis Statement (8)II. NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE NOVEL HERZOG (10)A. Three Narrative Levels (10)1. The First Narrative Level (11)2. The Second Narrative Level (13)3. The Third Narrative Level (14)B. The Function of Letters in Herzog (17)III. NARRATIVE TIME AND SPACE OF THE NOVEL HERZOG (21)A. Narrative Time (21)1. Order in Herzog (23)2. Frequency in Herzog (27)3. Duration in Herzog (31)B. Narrative Space (32)IV. SHIFTY NARRATIVE POINTS OF VIEW IN HERZOG (39)A. Introduction to Focalization (40)B. Shifting Points of View in Herzog (40)1. Shifting Points of View in Zero Focalization (41)2. Shifting Points of View in Internal Focalization (43)V. CONCLUSION (54)WORKS CITED (56)ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (58)CHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONA.A Brief Introduction to Saul Bellow and HerzogSaul Bellow was one of the most remarkable novelists in America literature. At the same time, he had won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1976, which brought him international fame. It is generally acknowledged that the twentieth century is a remarkably fertile but also a highly erratic age of novel, a period in which the form we have inherited from the empirical bourgeois world of the past has been forced into consent processes of rediscovery. No matter how the form changes, the novel‟s moral humanism is by no means defeated. Like the previous Nobel Prize winners, Saul Bellow‟s works always show his deep emotion for the humanism. Bellow‟s works always convey a kind of universality in human beings, readers can find their own characteristics in the characters, as Harvey Breit once remarked, “Mr. Bellow‟s work contains innumerable diverse elements, it has variousness and is against the grain. His readers, therefore, are to be found anywhere and everywhere and they can be anyone at all” (Curley 86). The Nobel Prize in literature 1976 was awarded to Saul Bellow “for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work”.Saul Bellow, also known as a Jewish American novelist who was in fact born of Russian-Jewish immigrants in Lachine, Quebec, Canada, and who grew up in the Montreal ghetto until the age of nine. His family moved to Chicago in 1924. He attended the University of Chicago, received his Bachelor‟s degree fromNorthwestern University in 1937, with honors in sociology and anthropology, did graduate work at the University of Wisconsin, and served in the Merchant Marine during World War II. During his severance he completed his first novel Dangling Man, about a young Chicago man waiting to be drafted to the war. His Jewish identity and war experience make his work different from other writers. After the war, Bellow returned to teach and hold various posts at the universities of Minnesota, New York, Princeton and Puerto Rico.Basically, the creation career of Saul Bellow can be divided into three periods. Dangling Man and The Victim were created in the 1940s which belongs to the first period. In this period Bellow mainly showed us the absurdity of social life. Any unexpected things could bring people troubles. Many great novels were created in 1950s and 1960s. This was the second period or we call it the golden age of Bellow‟s creation career. The major works of this period were The Adventures of Augie March, Seize the Day, Henderson the Rain King and Herzog. All of those are Bellow‟s classic works. During the last period, Bellow mainly focus on the creation of short stories and essays. Bellow also published plays and translated the works of his fellow Nobel Prize winner I.B. Singer from Yiddish to English. His conservative tone of the 1970s and early 1980s changed with the short story collection Him with His Foot in His Mouth into a more relaxed mode of his earlier works. In 1993, Bellow left Chicago for Boston and settled in Boston. He began teaching at Boston University. In 1994, Bellow became seriously ill after eating a toxic fish. And he died on April 5, 2005, at his home in Brookline.Saul Bello w‟s novels all ha d high quality while the novel Herzog laid a solid foundation for his award (the Nobel Prize). British famous critic Tony Turner spoke highly of Saul Bellow's novel in one of his academic monograph published in 1965. He thought that the novel Herzog is one of Saul Bellow‟s creation peaks, because all the feelings, all human predicaments were summarized and compressed in this novel. The theme of the novel can be simply summarized as a Jewish American intellectual Herzog‟s spiritual crisis.The novel‟s actual narrative line is simple and easy to summarize: it is the story of Herzog‟s sufferings after his second marriage has broken up. Herzog is a Jewish-American scholar born of immigrant parents who, originally poor and unsuccessful, finally achieve business success late in life, allowing him to live financially secure as a respected intellectual. At first, he marries a conventional Jewish wife of orderly and classical tastes, Daisy. But he feels that Daisy always confines him. Finally they get a divorce. Then after an episode with a complaisant Japanese mistress, he marries the vastly more wilful and various Madeleine, a Catholic convert of extravagant tastes and intellectual ambitions. She finally leaves him to go and live with his best friend, who has been cuckolding him, keeping the daughter of the marriage.Still involved with his own marriage and cuckolding, he goes from his home in New York to the city of his growing up, Chicago, to save his daughter who has been left. At first, he visits the old home, recalls his Jewish past and obtains his father‟s gun. Then he arrives at the house of the lovers. He is told outside the house by the wife andlover. He also means to kill the couple. But the abstract idea is dispelled by actuality. He watches the lover tenderly bathe the child. This scene dissolves the hatred in his heart. Instead, he takes the child out to have a nice day together. However, he is involved in a minor car accident. Just this accidental traffic accident leads to a small trouble. The police find the gun and he is briefly goaled for its possession. After a survey he is freed. The failure of his attempt to put his own life straight and the disclosures of reality he has found on the way, send him to his house in Ludeyville, in the Berkshires, the old transcendentalist‟s landscape of Hawthorne and Melville.Here he revolves his ambiguities, or rather becomes much better at ambiguities. He apparently recovers sanity in a state of unsteady pastoral, withdrawn but expectant, having “at this time [. . .] No messages for anyone. Nothing”, sufficed to be in human occupancy, in a state of mental and psychic stasis, though the arrest seems temporary, and he is just about to receive his philoprogenitive recent mistress. He has evidently discovered that experience and habit are deeper than ideas, that human life is far subtler than any of its models, that chance events and knowings are greater than all syntheses, that deeper connections exist below the fragmentary, and cause no pain. He thus ends the book beyond thought and language, in a moment of silence, with his life feeling not irrationally but incomprehensibly filled.This then is the plot of Herzog, but to describe it does not display the form of the book. “For in it the intellectual and artistic pressures with which it engages seem explicitly to be converted into formal problems. Though the method is third person narration, the mode is confessional. There is dislocation of the pronoun and of time.Herzog‟s search for a meaningful existence indeed corresponds to Bellow‟s search for a form for the novel” (Malcolm 74). The form of Herzog consists of special narrative techniques which make Herzog very significant. Distinctive narrative structures, special narrative time and space together with shifting points of view are adopted in this novel.B. A Brief Introduction to NarratologyThe novel Herzog is magnificent in its special writing techniques. In order to have a further study of the writing techniques we need to use narratology as an important theory support. Especially, Gerard Genette‟s Narrative Discourse quite echoes the novel Herzog‟s special narrative form.1. The Definition of NarratologyNarratology refers to both the theory and the study of narrative and narrative structure and the ways that these affect our perception. While in principle the word may refer to any systematic study of narrative, in practice its usage is rather more restricted. It is an anglicization of French narratologie, coined by Tzvetan Todorov in 1969. Narratology is a relatively new concept, however, its theoretical lineage is traceable to Aristotle (Poetics). Modern narratology is agreed to have begun with the Russian formalists, particularly Vladimir Propp.During the twentieth century, the narratology has achieved a great growth due to the development in linguistics and anthropology. Many scholars have published a series of works and papers under the influence of Propp. Among them, French narratologist Gerard Genette makes great contributions to the development ofnarratology. In Genette‟s Narrative Discourse, he claims that narratology is a study of narrative as a verbal mode of representation of temporally ordered situation and event. In this sentence, it focus on the possible relations between story and narrative text, narrating and narrative text, and story and narrating. There are five major parts in Narrative Discourse, they are order, duration, frequency, mood and voice.2.Studies on Narratology at Home and AboardThe study of narrative structure and techniques at home and abroad has a long history. However, before the birth of the narratology, the study of narrative skill belongs to literary criticism, aesthetics or rhetoric. That is to say the narrative theory does not have an independent status for a long time.In the 1960s, contemporary narratology first arises from France where structuralism is very popular. And soon it spreads to other countries and becomes a leading international narrative research trend. According to the different research content, narratology can be divided into two major groups. One is the structuralism narratology the other is post structuralism narratology. Structuralism narratology mainly focuses on the interior of the text. And it discusses the structure principles of narrative works and the link between the various elements. Before the twentieth century literature criticism theory mainly focuses on the social and moral significance of works. Literature criticism usually uses the biographical, impressional and historic way to appreciate the novel. The novel is regarded as the mirror or window to observe real life. Narrative form and skill of the novel are ignored during that period. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the appearance of formalism changed thatsituation. From 1960s to 1980s, structuralism narratology developed rapidly, the study of narrative structure and narrative skills occupy an increasingly important position. A number of narrative research results made the analysis of the narrative structure and skills more scientific and systematic. These results also expanded the breadth and depth of the theory. In early 1980s, narratology was in a low tide period since it had to face with the withering attacks from deconstructionism and political critics. While in 1990s, a new direction of narratology bloomed in north America. More and more narratologists keep a watchful eye on the interdisciplinary study. Feminist narratology, rhetorical narratology and cognitive narratology are representatives of the new development of narratology.Since China‟s reform and opening up, more and more Chinese scholars begin to study narratology.One of the representatives is Professor Shen Dan from Peking University. Over the years, she has done a lot of researches in narratology. Her research is very systematic and profound. She explains some important concepts and modes of narratology with some vivid examples in her academic work Narratology and Fiction Stylistics (2004). So we can have a clear understanding of narratology. Professor Shen Dan mainly studies the narratology structure and narrative models. Beyond that she has published a large number of essays in a lot of academic journals. Therefore, her research has improved and enriched the study of narratology in China.3.The Possibility of Studying Herzog with Genette’s Theory of NarratologyThere is no doubt that Herzog is one of the most representative works of Saul Bellow. Since all the feelings, all human predicaments were summarized andcompressed in this novel. However, there are many critics believe that this novel is lack of organization. In fact, there are many special writing techniques in this novel Herzog from the perspective of Gerard Genette‟s narrative theory.Gerard Genette is a well-known narratologist who makes great contributions to the development of narratology. His masterpiece Narrative Discourse was published in 1972. A major feature of Narrative Discourse is that Genette does a detailed analysis of the narrative pattern in Proust‟s masterpiece Remembrance of Things Past. Genette tried to summarize a set of theory not only suitable for Remembrance of Things Past but also for other literary works. Another feature of Narrative Discourse is that Genette analyzed the work from tense, aspect and mood. These three aspects are based on Tordorov‟s research. And Genette did a more precise division in Narrative Discourse. There are five major parts in Narrative Discourse, they are order, duration, frequency, mood and voice. In the first three parts, Genette discussed three aspects of narrative time. The forth part is mood, in this part Genette replaced perspective with focalization. And he divided focalization into three parts including zero focalization, external focalization and internal focalization. The fifth part is voice, narrative level and narrative pattern are involved in this part. And this thesis mainly focus on narrative level, narrative time and focalization. These three aspects just echo the special structure of Herzog.C. Thesis StatementSaul Bellow‟s classical novel Herzog was popular for a time in 1960s. Even today, the novel has a large number of readers. The novel itself is very attractive. Thealienated protagonist in Herzog is quite similar to Bellow‟s previous work. However, this protagonist Herzog is a Jewish American intellectual. His failed marriage, complicated mood and deep reflection are not easy to describe. Saul Bellow adopted special writing techniques and precise psychological descriptions describe a typical American intellectual. And the theme of the novel can be summarized as a Jewish American intellectual‟s spiritual crisis. Many scholars just focus on the writing technique itself and ignore the relationship between the writing technique and the theme. In fact, all the special writing techniques are served for the theme.Narratology is a good way that can help us appreciate and learn more about the artistic feature of the novel, thus enabling us to grasp the deep meaning beneath the structure. The theory mentioned above will be applied in this thesis to explore the writing techniques of Herzog from the perspectives of narrative level, narrative time and narrative focalization. The most important thing is to explore how the writing techniques express the theme of the novel. Genette‟s theory about narratology is the main theory support to analyze the narrative technique of Herzog.CHAPTER IINARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE NOVEL HERZOGIn order to achieve dramatic tension, Saul Bellow adopts a special narrative structure. In this chapter, the author will talk about the narrative structure from two aspects —three narrative levels and the function of letters and memories.A.Three Narrative LevelsIn the field of literature, the object of narrative research is mainly novel. In the study of a novel, the exploration of narrative level is inevitable. Because the meaning and value of a narrative work are not expressed by the combination of some simple sentences and words, but by a systematic framework which is narrative level. Gerard Genette‟s Narrative Discourse opens a new window for the study of narrative level. Moreover, his study is an important guidance for the future study. According to Gerard Genette, the narrative level is divided into three parts which includes diegetic, extradiegetic and intradiegetic.Any event a narrative recounts is at a diegetic level immediately higherthan the level at which the narrative act producing this narrative is placed.M. De Renoncourt‟s writing if his fictive Memories is a (literary) actcarried out at a first level, which will be called extradiegetic; the eventshold in those Memories (including Des Grieus‟s narrating act) are insidethis first narrative, so we will describe them as diegetic, or indigotic.(Genette 228)In brief, if the author is outside the event we can call this situation extradiegetic. If the author inside the event which is intradiegetic. And these three levels have strong independency. In Narrative Discourse, Gerard Genette takes Remembrance of Things Past as example, analyzes the three narrative levels in detail. To some degree, the novel Herzog is similar to Remembrance of Things Past, Especially, the structure, tone and ways of expression. The three narrative levels in Herzog echoes Gerard Genette‟s explanation. From Genette‟s explanation, these three levels are indivisible; they rely on each other like a cycle pattern. In Herzog, three narrative levels form a cycle. And this cycle is used to show a panorama of Herzog‟s life. Herzog‟s daily life and complex reflections are presented in these three levels.Most novels have only one or two narrative levels, while the Herzog has three narrative levels. The first level begins with the protagonist He rzog‟s narration. In his narration, there are memories of the past five days. And these memories form the second narrative level. At the same time the memories of the past five days is filled with the hero‟s reviews and reflections of his own life. And these reviews and reflections constitute the third level. American contemporary critics Jonathan once said “Throughout the novel Herzog‟s activities are interspersed with memories, and some, like those that return Herzog to his early childhood, take the form of extended flashbacks ” (Wilson 79). These three levels seem to be complicated, but it is easy to discover them after a careful reading.1. The First Narrative Level“If I am out of my mind, it‟s all right with me, thought Moses Herzog” (Bellow 7). The novel begins with the protagonist‟s self reflection. It reveals the time and place of the narration. This is a static level without action. From the introduction of the plot we could find that the whole story is the description of the major character‟s emotion change within five days. The beginning of the novel actually happened in the fifth day. Actually, the first level has only one scene that is Herzog wandering in his house alone.Some people thought he was cracked and for a time he himself haddoubted that he was all there. But now, though he still behaved oddly, hefelt confident, cheerful, clairvoyant and strong. He had fallen under a spelland was writing letters to everyone under the sun. He was so stirred bythese letters that from the end of June he moved from place to place with avalise full of papers. He had carried this valise from New York to Martha‟sVineyard, but returned from the vineyard immediately; two days later heflew to Chicago, and from Chicago he went to a village in westernMassachusetts. Hidden in the country, he wrote endlessly, fanatically, tothe newspapers, to people in public life, to friends and relatives and at lastto the dead, his own obscure dead, and finally the famous dead. It was thepeak of summer in the Berkshires. Herzog was alone in the big house.Normally particular about food, he now ate silver cup bread from the paperpackage, beans from the can and American cheese. Now and then hepicked raspberries in the overgrown garden, lifting up the thorny caneswith absentminded caution. As for sleep, he slept on a mattress withoutsheets it was his abandoned marriage bed or in the hammock, covered byhis coat. Tall bearded grass and locust and maple seedlings surrounded himin the yard. When he opened his eyes in the night, the stars were near likespiritual bodies. Fires, of course, gases-minerals, heat, atoms, but eloquentat five in the morning to a man lying in a hammock, wrapped in hisovercoat. (Saul Bellow 7)From this paragraph above we can see that Herzog‟s life is like an abstract painting without sound and move. And this scene like a transparent line runs through the whole story.Even the novel is full of memories, letters and strange reflections the ending of the novel is still that scene. “But if I am out of my mind, it‟s all right with me” (Bellow 322). Bellow finishes the novel right where he begins. It can be treated as a small cycle. The first narrative level is the foundation of the whole narration. Staying at home alone gives him a chance to think about what happened in the past few days. And he has enough time to have a deep reflection.2.The Second Narrative LevelThe second level begins with Herzog‟s determination to speak his wrath out. “Late in spring Herzog had been overcome by the need to explain, to have it out, to justify, to put in perspective, to clarify, to make amends” (Bellow 8). This is a turning point which marks the beginning of the second narrative level. The second narrativelevel mainly tells readers Herzog‟s experience within five days. First day, Herzog visited his old friend in vineyard. The next day he came to see Ramona who is Herzog‟s lover. The third day, he went to ask the lawyer for help. Because there was something wrong with his mind, but he could not put his finger on what it was. The only thing he wanted to do was to kill his ex-wife and her lover. So he went to his father‟s old house to get a gun. The fourth day, Herzog met her little daughter with the help of his friend. However, a car accident disturbed the happy time. Herzog was arrested for the accident, but he was bailed out of the jail quickly. The fifth day, Herzog went back to his country house and his heart began to calm down.During these five days, Herzog was suffering a serious crisis in his life. His second marriage broke up and his academic career experienced bottleneck. All these things make him nearly collapse. A great many of questions are lingering in his mind. At the same time a lot of memories flash back at the same time. Bellow describes the major character‟s life struggle vividly. If we say in the first narrative level we just see a figure of Herzog from a far distance, in the second narrative level we have entered the inner world of him. Moreover, this level also contains a small cycle. At the beginning of the level readers just know that Herzog‟s marriage break up. Then the readers learn about the whole process with Herzog‟s experience step by step. At last, Herzog realized that the breakdown of his marriage is irretrievable.3.The Third Narrative LevelThe third narrative level is more numerous and disordered than the second narrative level. It is full of Herzog‟s memories of the past as well as his innermonologue. His thinking of philosophy, culture and history are also represented in this level. These seemingly numerous and complicated content reflect Herzog‟s sadness and chaos exactly. And these sadness and chaos Herzog could not express out in real life.The third narrative level is accomplished by Herzog‟s free association and constantly leaps and bounds. The first sentence of chapter two is “In the cab through hot streets where brick and brownstone buildings were crowded, Herzog held the strap and his large eyes were fixed on the sights of New York”(Bellow 33). Apparently, this is one of his experiences during the five days which belongs to the second narrative level. In that cab, Herzog was on the way to the vineyard. The things he saw recalled the memories of his past.The square shapes were vivid, not inert; they gave him a sense of fatefulmotion, almost of intimacy. Somehow, he felt himself part of it all in therooms, in the stores, cellars and at the same time he sensed the danger ofthese multiple excitements. But he‟d be all right. (Bellow 33)From the quotation above we can see Herzog was lost in thought. He began to make a self-reflection. And such kind of reflection can be seen everywhere in the novel.In fact, the line between the second level and third level is blurred. They are often mixed together. Among the complicated memories and reflections, the textprovides clues to the readers so that the readers can feel the existence of the second narrative level. Let‟s take the following quotation as an example.But all at once, the seat of the cab heating in the sun, he was aware that hisangry spirit had stolen forward again, and that he was about to write letters.Dear Smithers, he began. The other day at lunch those bureaucratic luncheswhich are a horror to me; my hindquarters become paralysed, my bloodfills up with adrenalin; my heart. (Bellow 33)The second narrative level can be seen from the first line of the quotation. The heat of the seat make Herzog as well as readers realizes that he is still sitting on the hot seat in the cab. Then Herzog comes back to the real world from the abstract one. However, Herzog lost in deep thinking soon. He went to the abstract world again. Numerous thinking and the endless memories came to his mind quickly. He began to write a letter to someone. Through the letter the story come back to the third narrative level. The third level mainly focuses on the mental state of Herzog. It is not difficult to find that his mental state changes a lot, from calm to wrath and back to calm again. This is a small cycle as well.These three narrative levels consist of the whole novel. What is more, they are closely linked together. The relationship between the levels is like a puzzle ring. Each level is a cycle. And these three cycles form a big cycle. I have mentioned before, the first level is a small cycle. Since the story begins and ends with the same scene. Mostof time, the story is narrated from the perspective of the narrator in the first level. In some degree, this level is extradiegetic level. Similarly, the second level and third level all have a small cycle inside. And these small cycles form a big cycle. The plot is composed by scattered clues from different levels.B. The Function of Letters in HerzogThe special narrative technique of Herzog is reflected by inner letters. These letters are aim at describing the thought and mentality of a high level intellectual. That is to say the letters play an essential role in describing an intellectual figure. The letters are dominated by free thinking. Some letters are Herzog‟s fictitious memory and some are pursuits of dreams. The memory of the novel has many reflections. If the author mishandled those complicated clues of recalls and reflections, it is very easy to make readers lost interest in reading. And the protagonist will be regarded as a freak. Mr. Bellow gains inspiration from the epistolary novel which is appeared in the eighteenth century. He found that writing letters is a wonderful method to build a lot of memories for the protagonist in a novel. Inner letters as a narrative means has many advantages. Inner letters provide enough space for Bellow. This method makes Saul Bellow across time and space freely. Meanwhile, he can change narrative levels easily. It helps Saul Bellow to adjust the narrative rhythm freely. It also makes Bellow come into the protagonist‟s inner heart easily.The letters mainly represent Herzog‟s experience at present as well as his reviews of the past. The letters also reveal his thought about the society, politics and culture as well as his exploration to his crises. In the beginning of the novel Herzog。
英国文学史笔记I. The Old English Period (also called The Anglo-Saxon Period;5th century — 11th century; beginning of English civilization)1.Two great influences on the shaping of Old English literatureA. Teutonic — Germanic Anglo-Saxon invasionB. Judaeo — Jewish — ChristianSt. Augustine — missionaries — the conversion of the English people to Christianity 2. The literature in this period2 divisions: pagan and ChristianityA. Pagan poetry by the Anglo-Saxons — oral sagasB. Christian poetry under teaching of the monks3. The Characteristics of Old English PoetryA. strong stressesB. alliterationC. Christian coloring4. The greatest epic —The Song of BeowulfA. “England’s national epic”B. an unknown scribeC. the beginning of the 20th centuryD. 3182 lines — 2 parts with an interpolation between the twoE. pagan in spirit and matter the interpolation — ChristianF. unique as a hybrid of fact with legendG. testimony to a universal tradition5. A few things that merit attentionA. pagan story — Christian overlayB. the use of “kennings”形象化复合词C. alliteration in versificationD. an oral traditionE. the narrator — a minstrelF. its digressive manner of narrationG. an elevated toneII. Medieval Literature: A Brief IntroductionThe year of 1066: the beginning of the Middle English or Anglo-Norman Period The Normans’ conquestThe 3 chief effects of the conquesta. the bringing of Roman civilization to Englandb. the growth of nationality — the strong centralized governmentc. the new language and literature1、Some occurrences of historic magnitudeA. the establishment of the feudal systemB. the 1381 Peasant UprisingC. the completion of the Domesday BookD. the Launching of the CrusadesE. the signing of the Magna CarterF. the war with France or the Hundr ed Years’ War2. The literature in this periodA. romance: a. theme b. style c. representative workB. ballad: a. theme b. style c. representative work4. Two persons in literary sceneA. John Wycliffe (1320-1384): a scholar his contribution: the translation of the Bible from the sonorous Latin Vulgate Version into Middle EnglishB. William Langland (1332-the end of 14th century): a reformerhis contribution: a poem to attack evil in both Church and stateI. Geoffrey Chaucer-- The Canterbury Tales“The father of English poetry”; one of the greatest narrative poets of EnglandII. The Pre-Elizabethan Period:A Brief IntroductionFrom 1400 to 1557; Some events of great magnitudeA. the ReformationB. the Renaissance:the beauty of the human form; the importance of human life and human values; to live for his own sake;Thomas More(1478-1535):the wisest and noblest person ;first and foremost a humanist at heart;his famous work — UtopiaThe Elizabethan Age (1558-1625)III. Three sub-periods in the Elizabethan ageThe first sub-period stretches over 2 decades:Beginning with the printing of Tottel’s Miscellany (1557), concluding with thepubl ication of Edmund Spenser’s The Shepheards Calendar (1579)The second sub-period covers some two decades:from 1580 through 1599;a period of intense literary activity in which the greatest Elizabethan writers made their presence feltThe third sub-period spans over some three decades: from 1599 to 1625 the literary outcomes of this sub-period were tremendousIV. The Literature in the Elizabethan Age1. English poetry:Sonnet: a type of poem containing 14 lines, each of 10 syllables and in iambic pentameter, in 3 principal rhyming patterns.the first pattern:It is divided structurally into an octave (first 8 lines), rhymed “abba, abba” , and a sestet (last 6 lines), typically rhymed “cdecde” or some variant thereof.the second pattern:It is structurally into 3 quatrains and a couplet, rhymed “abab cdcd efef gg”. the third pattern:It is harder to write and richer in rhyme “abab bcbc cdcd ee”.Blank verse: verse written in rhymeless iambic pentameter or a line of 10 syllables in 5 iambs, a rhythmic unit of 2 syllables with unstressed followed by the stressed syllables.e.g.: I saw three ships come sailing by.A. Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542)a. one of the main contributors to Tottel’s Miscellanyb. introduced the sonnet into EnglandB. Earl of Surrey (1517-1547)a. another contributor to Tottel’s Miscellanyb. brought the blank verse into English poetryC. Edmund Spenser (1552-1599)first work: The shepheards Calendar masterpiece: The Faerie Queenethe Spenserian stanza斯宾塞诗体is a popular stanzaic form for dreamy and meditative works. It is a 9-line stanza of 8 lines in iambic pentameter plus an iambic hexameter (6-foot line). The rhyme scheme is “abab bcbc c”.2. English drama:Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593) the greatest playwright before the rise of Shakespeare; the greatest of the pioneers of English dramaWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616)a. the greatest of all English authorsb. one of the first founder s of realismc. a master hand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relationsd. his productions of 37 plays, 2 narrative poems and 154 sonnets Shakespeare’s playsThree major periodsA. the first period (1590-1600): the period of historical plays and comedies (22 in total)9 historical plays:King Henry VI (Part I, II and III) (1590-1591) 《亨利六世》(上、中、下)The Life and Death of King Richard III (1592) 《查理三世》The Life and Death of Richard II (1595) 《查理二世》The Life and Death of King John (1596) 《约翰王》King Henry IV (Part I and II) (1597) 《亨利四世》The Life of King Henry V (1598) 《亨利五世》10 comedies:The Comedy of Errors (1592) 《错误的戏剧》The Taming of the Shrew (1593) 《驯悍记》The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594) 《维洛那二绅士》Love’s Labor’ Lost (1594) 《爱的徒劳》A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1595) 《仲夏夜之梦》The Merchant of Venice (1596) 《威尼斯商人》Much Ado About Nothing (1598) 《无事生非》The Merry Wives of Windsor (1598)《温莎的风流娘儿们》As You Like It (1599) 《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night or What You Will (1600) 《第十二夜》3 tragediesTitus Andronicus (1593) 《泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯》Romeo and Juliet (1594) 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》The Life and Death of Julius Caesar (1599) 《裘力斯·凯撒》b. the theme of historical plays: To stress the importance to build up an efficient and centralized statec. the feature of romantic comedies:Love is the central motive of action which leads to a happy ending.B. the second period (1601-1608): the period of tragedies (11 in total)7 tragediesHamlet, Prince of Denmark (1601)《哈姆雷特》Othello, the Moore of Venice (1604) 《奥赛罗》King Lear (1605) 《李尔王》The Tragedy of Macbeth (1605) 《麦克白》Antony and Cleopatra (1606) 《安东尼与克里奥佩特拉》The Tragedy of Coriolanus (1607) 《科利奥兰纳斯》Timon of Athens (1607) 《雅典的泰门》4 comediesTroilus and Cressida (1602)《特罗伊罗斯与克瑞西达》All’s Well That Ends Well (1602) 《终成眷属》Measure for Measure (1604) 《一报还一报》Pericles, Prince of Tyre (1608) 《泰尔亲王佩力克里斯》C. the third period (1069-1612): the period of tragicomedies (4 in total)3 tragicomediesCymbeline, King of Britain (1609) 《辛柏林》The Winter’s Tale (1610) 《冬天的故事》The Tempest (1612) 《暴风雨》1 historical play The Life of King Henry VIII (1612) 《亨利八世》3. English EssayEssay is a form of literature, and belongs to prose writing.Francis Bacon (1561-1626)a. “th e wisest, brightest, meanest of mankind”b. 3 classes of Bacon’s works:The philosophical works:Advancement of Learning (1605) Novum Organum (1620 The 17th Century: the Period of Revolution and RestorationJohn Donne(1573-1631) the leading figure of “Metaphysical School” or “Metaphysical Poetry”Metaphysical poetryA. The poetic images involve an element of contrast.B. The ideas, together with the metrical pattern and grammar, is somewhat distorted.C. There is a fusion of strong feelings and deep thought.D. The quality of intellect is a distinctive feature.III. John Milton(1608-1674) the third greatest English poet after Chaucer and ShakespeareHis life can be roughly divided into 3 phases:1. the early phase of reading and lyric writing (1620-1638)A. Allegro《快乐者》, describing happinessB. Denseroso《幽思者》, describing meditationC. Lycidas《利西达斯》, praising a dear friend who had been drownedD. Comus《科玛斯》或《假面剧》, presenting a masque or play2. the middle phase of service in the Puritan Revolution and pamphleteering for itA. Pro Populo Anglicano Defensio (or In Defense of the British People)《为英国人民声辩》B. Defensio Secunda (or More in Defense of the British People)《再为英国人民声辩》The first person who defended the action of murdering the king, and the forerunner of the French scholars of the Enlightenment in the 18th century.3. The last — the greatest — phase of epic writing (1660-1674)A. Paradise Lost《失乐园》, the most wonderful epic since BeowulfB. Paradise Regained《复乐园》C. Samon Agonistes《力士参孙》Paradise Lost — the great epicIV. John Bunyan (1628-1688)He and Milton, representing the extreme of English life in the 17th century, wrote the two works that stand for the mighty Puritan spiritThe Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》— his masterpieceThe Pilgrim Progress is a religious book telling us how a person moves from this world to another.The 18th Century: the Age of Enlightenment Enlightenment: an expression of struggle of the progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalismIII. Poetry1. NeoclassicismA. The basic features of neoclassicismB. The dominant neoclassic form was the heroic coupletC. Neoclassic poetry tends to produce the effect of an artificially trimmed beauty, beautiful but often lifeless.D. Alexander Pope (1688-1744)a. a leading figure of neoclassicismb. the most important English poet of the 18th centuryc. his well-known works:Essay on Criticism (1711), 《论批评》The Rape of the Lock (1712), 《秀发劫》the translation of Iliad (1715-1720),The Dunciad (1743), 《群愚史诗》Essay on Man (1733), 《论人》An Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot (1735), 《致阿巴思诺特医生书》2. Pre-romanticism (in the late 18th century)A. changing modes in poetryreject: reason →accept: feelingssociety →natureimitation →innovationcity →countrysideTouching on matters of the heart like love, death, and loyalty, and fresh and emotional in tone and mood, the poems contributed a good deal toward reviving interest in and restoring feeling to poetryB. William Blake (1757-1827)a. the most independent and the most original of the romantic poets of the 18th centuryb. his simple poetic form: in quatrain (4 lines) and ordinary languagec. rich and profound content in his poemsd. rhetorical figures in his poems: metaphors, symbolismC. Robert Burns (1759-1796)The poems of Burns were written in Scottish on varieties of subjects. Mainly about: political poems, satirical poems and lyrics1.) Burns is one of the most famous English poets of the peasant in the world.,2) He obtains the characteristics from all the songs of Scottish.3). As a poet of the laboring people , he pours out the sentiment of the people4/ In his poetry, he sings his hometown and his people , love and friendship , elegant, nature , sympathy5) His vivid Scottish dialects advanced the colloquial language in the language of his poems.6) He creates a symphonic meter of his own, and many of his poems has been set to songs.a. the greatest of Scottish poetsb. Love, humor, pathos, the response to nature — all the poetic qualities that touch the human heart are in his poems.c. The great poet drew his inspiration from the treasury of Scotch folklore.d. In his poems Burns glorified a natural man —a healthy, joyous and clever Scotch peasant.IV. NovelIt was Henry Fielding and Tobias George Smollet who became the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe.Henry Fielding (1707-1754)1. As a novelist as well as a playwright, Fielding was a keen, critical observer of life and an eloquent, outspoken satirist.2. Fielding is remembered for his contribution to the perfection of the craft of fiction.3. Fielding’s ideas cover a wide range of subjects relating to fiction.C. its formal featuresHe emphasizes sequential movement, priority, and probability.D. the qualifications of a novelistHe deems it necessary for a writer to have four basic qualities:a. native giftb. adequate learningc. rich experience with lifed. a kind heart Fielding’s wor ksHis first novel: Joseph Andrews—the first realistic novel in English fictionHis best work: Amelia5. Fielding’s contributions to English fictionA. coherent plot constructionBeginning — development — climax —endingB. more humane and convincing characterizationC. vivid dialogueD. authorial point of view and authorial intrusionThe Romantic PeriodRomanticism as a literary movement / trend prevailed in England during the period of 1798-1832, beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads (1798)in collaboration with S. T. Coleridge, ending with Walter Scott’s death (1832).The Age of Wordsworth was decidedly an age of poetry.The glory of the age is in the poetry of Scott, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, Keats, Moore, and Southey.Scott’s prose works have attained a very wide reading.The novels of Jane Austen have slowly won a secure place in the history of English literature.The novel was already beginning to establish itself as the favorite literary form of the 19th century.The drama was the only great literary form that was not adequately represented.II. 1. An expression of feelings of individuals“spontaneous overflow of powerful emotion”2. The emphasis on spontaneityA. free from rulesB. artistic independenceC. the impulse of Individualism3. Interest in natureA living nature is the primary poetic subject.4. The glorification of commonplaceSubject: simple rustic life; outcasts; peasants, etcIII. Great writers in this periodWilliam Wordsworth (1770-1850)English poet, who was a most accomplishment and influential poet on the succeeding English poet.Some of Wordsworth’s principal poemsLines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey (1798) 《丁登寺》The Prelude (1805-1806) 《序曲》The Excursion (1814) 《漫游》Walter Scott (1771-1832)1. He is the creator and a great master of the historical novel which aims to reconstruct a society of the past and to look at the society as a whole from the outside.2. The characteristics of his writingA. His susceptibility to the charms of natural scenery showed itself conspicuouslyin his poems and novels.B. He infused into the novel of a new element by weaving pleasing story about historical characters, thus creating the historical novel.C. His historical novels cover a period, ranging from the Middle Ages up to,and including, the 18th century.D. St. Ronan’s Well (1823) is the only contemporary novel among the works of Scott; it is a satire on the idle aristocratic society of his time.E. His novels give a panorama of feudal society from its early stages to its downfall.F. His novels were written from a definite class standpoint.Scott was greatly interested in the fate of the people, of the patriarchal peasants in particular, portraying the decay of their mode of life by the onslaught of industrial capitalism.K. Scott is the first writer in any language to make scene essential to action. So the place is well-chosen. It seems that the action results in the natural environment.L. Scott is the first novelist to recreate the past. It changes our concept of history by making history a natural record in which living men and women play their part.M. Scott’s historical novel paved the path for the development of the realistic novel of the 19th century.Jane Austen (1775-1817)Jane Austen completed six novels:Sense and Sensibility (1811) 《理智与情感》Pride and Prejudice (1813) 《傲慢与偏见》Mansfield Park (1814) 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》Emma (1815) 《爱玛》Northanger Abbey (1818) 《诺桑觉寺》Persuasion (1818) 《劝告》Austen’s masterpiece —Pride and Prejudice1. subject matter: love and marriage; middle class and upper class2. theme:Maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions.3. different views of marriageA. to marry for material wealth and social position:Charlotte — Mr. CollinsB. to marry for passion (from impulse and beauty): Lydia — WickhamC. to marry for true love (with a considera tion of the partner’s character and economic status): Elizabeth — Darcy Jane — BingleyIV. The Satanic PoetsThe Satanic School is a separate group formed from the older ones, or the Lakers, by some young romantics. The representatives are Byron, Shelley and Keats.The label is good for the rebellious Byron and Shelley, but it’s not quite appropriate for the quiet Keats.The three young poets shared a lot in commonA. George Gorden Byron (1788-1824)a hero of his own type —the Byronic hero —handsome, chivalrous, energetic, pathetic, lonely, remorseful over a sin, gloomy and misanthropic, sexually free, and capable of generous acts and magnanimityByron’s major poems:first important work —Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812-1818)《恰尔德哈罗尔德游记》masterpiece —Don Juan (1819-1826)《唐璜》B. Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)Shelley’s major works:a. Ode to the West Wind (1819) 《西风颂》b. Prometheus Unbound (1820) 《解放了的普罗米修斯》C. John Keats (1795-1821)Keats’ major works:a. one of his masterworks —Ode to a Nightingale (1819) 《夜莺颂》b. a famous poem — Ode on a Grecian Urn (1820)《希腊古瓮颂》c. one of his best odes — To Autumn (1819)《秋风颂》d. his most beautiful work —The Eve of St. Agnes (1820) 《圣阿格尼斯之夜》Major characteristics of Romanticism1. Romanticism was a rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism.2. For romantics, the feelings, intuitions and emotions were more important than reason and common sense.3. Romantics did not think of the world as a ticking watch made by God. They thought of the world as a living, breathing being.4. They emphasized individualism, placing the individual against the group, against authority.5. They affirmed the inner life of the self, and wanted each person to be free to develop and express his own inner thoughts.6. They cherished strong interest in the past, especially the medieval.7. They were attracted by the wild, the irregular, the indefinite, the remote, the mysterious, and the strange.8. They were interested in variety.IV. Some Characteristics of Realism1. Realism can be defined as the depiction of life as most people live and know it. Concerned with the actual, the average, the ordinary, and the typical;Concerned with showing the reader precisely how ordinary life is lived;Dealt with man as he is in everyday life — average man;Dealt with factories and slums, workmen, bosses, corrupt politicians, petty criminals, and social outcasts.2. There is a strong inclination to equate literature with life and to value literature for its true-to-life qualities.Less concerned with their own subjective responses;More concerned with the objective world outside their psyches;Concerned with bringing people closer to life through literature;Dealt with the social problems of real persons in real places in the present;Their settings, plots, and characters are ordinary and believable;Trying to bring literature closer to life, to have it truly represent life;The term “artificial” becomes a word of reproach;The term “graphic” becomes a word of praise.3. The “ring of real speech” is a common test for successful dialogue.the characters must be life-life and recognized in real life;they must be fully developed with multi-dimensions just as human beings are in real life; their actions must be consistent with their personalities; their speech must be consistent with their positions in life; dialogue in fiction should serve to develop the main purpose of the novel; the writer should not intrude himself on his novels; dialogue should be relevant.4. High value is placed on scientific detachment and objectivity. both writers and scientists had a lot to do with the scientificDetachment and objectivity: the scientist gathers data, conducts his experiment, and there comes out this conclusion; the writer gathers his dada, and his writing is his experiment;like a scientist, a writer doesn’t need to be involved in his experiment; he approaches it very objectively; in essence, there is a kind of detachment;the writer doesn’t emerge in the material.Victorian NovelsIts three major phases of growthThe early phase (from the 1830s to the middle of the century)A representative author: Charles Dickens (1812-1870)The mid or High Victorian phase (the 1870s)A representative author: George Eliot (1819-1880)The later phase (from the late 1880s onward):a representative author: Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)Some Victorian NovelistsCharles Dickens (1812-1870)Dickens’ writing career: 3 stagesA. the first stage: the period of youthful optimism (1833-1841)a. Pickwick Papers, 1836 《匹克威克外传》b. Oliver Twist, 1837-1838 《雾都孤儿》c. Nicholas Nickleby, 1838-1839 《尼古拉斯·尼克尔贝》d. The Old Curiosity Shop, 1840-1841 《老古玩店》e. Barnaby Rudge, 1841 《巴纳比·拉奇》B、the second stage: the period of excitement and irritation (1842-1850)a. Dombey and Son, 1847-1848 《董贝父子》b. David Copperfield, 1849-1850 《大卫·科波菲尔》his semi-autobiography;C. the third stage: the period of steadily intensifying pessimism (1851-1870)a. Bleak House, 1852-1853 《凄凉院》b. Hard Times, 1854 《艰难时世》c. Little Dorrit, 1855-1857 《小杜丽》d. A Tale of Two Cities, 1859 《双城记》e. Great Expectation, 1860-1861 《远大前程》f. Our Mutual Friend, 1864-1865 《我们共同的朋友》g. Edwin Drood, 1870 《艾德温德鲁特》William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) one of the two outstanding early Victorian novelists, second only to DickensThackeray’s major works:A. The Book of Snobs, 1847 《势利人脸谱》B. Pendennis, 1848 《彭登尼斯》C. Vanity Fair, 1847-1848《名利场》his masterpieceD. Henry Esmond, 1852 《亨利·埃斯蒙德》E. The Newcomes, 1853-1855 《纽克姆一家》Charlotte Bronte(1816-1855)Her impressive novelsA. The Professor, 1857 《教授》her first novel, but published after her deathB. Jane Eyre, 1847 《简爱》C. Shirley, 1849 《雪莉》D. Villette, 1853 《维莱特》3. The relationship between her life and her writingA. Most of her novels are autobiographical.B. She turns to literature because she finds the work as a governess and teacher unbearable.C. She tries to relieve her loneliness and sadness of her life through writing with imagination.D. however, the pain still remains. All of her novels reveal her pain she feels in life. In short, there is an aching heart behind the world of imagination.Her masterpiece — Jane EyreA. Subject matter:women’s struggle for self-realization and their strong desire for love,independence and equalityB. Characters of the poor, plain-looking heroineC. Jane Eyre is the first governess heroine and a completely new woman image inEnglish novels.George Eliot (1819-1880)She is considered to be the most pre- eminent novelist in the mid-Victorian period. Her major works:A. Adam Bede, 1859 《亚当·比德》B. The Mill on the Floss, 1859-1869《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》C. Silas Marner, 1861 《织工马南传》D. Middlemarch, 1871-1872 《米德尔马奇》Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)a.Novels of Character and Environment (性格和环境小说)Under the Greenwood Tree, 1872 《绿荫下》Far from the Madding Ground, 1874《远离尘嚣》The Return of the Native, 1878 《还乡》The Mayor of Casterbridge, 1886 《卡斯特桥市长》The Woodlanders, 1887 《林地居民》Wessex Tales, 1888 《威塞克斯故事》Tess of the D’urbervilles, 1891 《德伯家的苔丝》Jude the Obscure, 1896 《无名的裘德》b. Romances and Fantasies 罗曼史和幻想A Pair of Blue Eyes, 1873 《一双蓝眼睛》The Trumpet Major, 1880 《号兵长》Two on a Tower, 1882 《塔上二人》A Group of Noble Dames, 1891《一群贵妇人》The Well-Beloved, 1892 《意中人》c. Novels of Ingenuity 爱情阴谋故事Desperate Remedies, 1891 《非常手段》A Laodicean, 1881 《一个冷淡的女人》a dozen minor novels, eg.:A Changed Man, 1913《一个改变了的男人》The Waiting Supper and Other Tales, 1913《晚餐及其他故事》B. his post-Victorian poetryFor the last three decades of his life, Hardy turned to poetry and became one of the major Victorian poets. His famous verse work include:a. Poems of Past and Present, 1902 《过去和现在的诗集》b. The Dynasts, 1904-1908 《列王》5. his writing featuresA. His stance on the nature of life and the cosmos is determinist in nature.B. Hardy’s stories are always moving and bewitchingC. Hardy places emphasis on the deeper psychology of his characterD. Hardy’s language posse sses a silent power and charm.His masterpieceTess of the D’urbervilles — A Pure WomanA. its main plot:It centers on the tragic occurrences of its heroine Tess’ life: seduced →abandoned →driven to murder →hangedB. its heroine — Tessa. She is a paragon of innocence. poor, pretty, happy by nature, good-heartedb. She is a towering figure among her kind. simplicity, nobility, devotion and sensitivityc. What she asks of life is simple enough. to be loved and happyC. The spirit of determinist defeatism soaks all the way through the whole of the story.chances, coincidencesD. The novel holds up a mirror for the spirit of the time.The pastoral life: on its way out of modern civilization: moved in life: cold and indifferent man’s ethical being: dwindles humans: powerless people: struggle in vain to survive Tess’ tragedy: a foregone conclusion.The Aesthetic Movement1. The end of the 19th century is a period of struggle between realistic and anti-realistic trends in art and literature. Realistic writers, like Thomas Hardy, created a truthful picture of contemporary England; Anti-realistic writers, like Oscar Wilde, led the readers away from the burning issues of social reality.2. In the latter part of the Victorian period Britain enjoyed an unprecedented material expansion.3. National ideals dimmed, the middle class grew, and along with it the influence of its values, its standards of materialism and its cultural philistinism.4. A visible disparity appeared between the artist's ideal and the unaesthetic taste of the public, and the moral aesthetic of the period became too demanding for those intellectually sensitive people.5. The extreme cultural milieu eventually provoked a reaction.6. The initial signs of a movement away from the dominant stifling constraint began to show up and evolved into the Aesthetic Movement, the exact opposite in nature to the heavily didactic tendency of the early and High Victorian period.The Aesthetic Movement:a movement which blossomed during the 1880s, heavily influenced by the Pre-Raphaelites, in which the adoption of sentimental archaism as the ideal of beauty was carried to extravagant lengths and often accompanied by affectation of speech and manner and eccentricity of dress. It represents both the perplexed reaction on the part of the thinking minds to the humdrum and dishonest civilization of the Victorian period andAn attempt to escape from it. It has a very famous theory of “art for art’s sake”.Art For Art’s Sake:A phrase associated with the aesthetic doctrine that art is self-sufficient and need serve no moral or political purpose. The phrase became current in France in the first half of the 19th century.7. The Aesthetic Movement, after raging across the country for over four decades, began to taper off in the late 1880s and died out altogether in the early 1890s.8. The movement has left a permanent imprint upon English life in general and upon artistic creation in particular.A. The idea of beauty took root in social life.B. Art and form have ceased to be always second to morality.Oscar Wilde (1856-1900)1. He excelled in a variety of genres as a critic of literature and of society, and also asa novelist, poet and dramatist.2. His novel, The Portrait of Dorian Gray,created a sensation when published in。
A Brief Introduction to the History of NamesBy Dame Cateline de la Mor la souriete© 1997 Kristine ElliottThe history of names is so ancient that no one knows the beginning of the story. Since written history began, and as far back as oral history reaches, people have had names. It is therefore impossible to do more than guess at how the earliest given names were chosen. Most names appear to have had some sort of original meaning, usually descriptive, rather than being simply a pleasing collection of sounds.These descriptive names developed both from nouns and adjectives. Examples of name descended from nouns are the Irish Gaelic names Conan "hound, wolf" and Aed "fire." Irish Gaelic names derived from adjectives are such names as Fial "modest, honorable, generous" and Finn "fair, bright, white." A more elaborate descriptive naming practice is exemplified in the Bible, when Rachel names her last son Benoni or "son of my sorrow" and his father Jacob renames him Benjamin "son of the right hand" (Genesis 35:18).Many early names were compounds. For example, the following Frankish names are compounds: Sigibert (victoryshining), Childeric (battlepowerful), Fredegund (peacebattle) and Radegund (counselbattle). Sometimes such compounds in pagan societies referred to their gods. For instance, the ancient Norse had many names which were compounds containing the name of the god Thor. Among the male names were Thorbjorn, Thorgeir, Thorkell, Thorsteinn and Thorvald, and among the feminine names were Thordis, Thorgunna, Thorhalla, Thorkatla and Thorunn.Early in prehistory some descriptive names began to be used again and again until they formed a name pool for that particular culture. Parents would choose names from the pool of existing names rather than invent new ones for their children. As time went on the language changed and in many cases the words that formed the original name passed out of use, leaving the fossilized form in the name. This is why we do not recognize the meanings of many names today. Their origins are in ancient languages from words that have passed out of use. For instance, the name Edwin was originally composed of the Old English words ead, which means "prosperity, fortune, riches" and wine, which means "friend." Both of these words have passed out of the language in the intervening thousand or so years. On the other hand, a word which has not radically changed forms the first part of the Old English name Wulfgar. The word may have changed spelling somewhat, but the word wolf is still recognizable. (The second element gar means "spear.")With the rise of Christianity, certain trends in naming practices manifested. Christians were encouraged to name their children after saints and martyrs of the church. The oldest of thesenames were Jewish and GrecoRoman names. The names of the apostles and other prominent early Christians mentioned in the New Testament were often Jewish, such as Mary, Martha, Matthew, James, Joseph and John. The early Christians lived in the Roman empire, and it is among the other peoples of the empire that they first began to convert nonJews. As a result of the persecutions in the early centuries, many GrecoRoman names entered the Christian name pool in commemoration of the martyrs and saints, such as Anthony, Catherine, Margaret, Mark, Martin, Nicholas and Paul.These early Christian names can be found in many cultures today, in various forms. These were spread by early missionaries throughout the Mediterranean basin and Europe. At the same time pagan nations newly converted to Christianity did not abandon their original name pool. Native martyrs and saints soon arose in every culture and their names would be added to the pool of Christian names available to Christian parents. The Christian name pool sometimes preserved names that would have otherwise fallen out of use. For example, most AngloSaxon names fell out of use within two centuries of the Norman Conquest of England. One that did not, because it was the name of a famous saint, is the name Edward, which is still in use today.By the Middle Ages, the Christian influence on naming practices was pervasive. Each culture had its pool of names, which were a combination of native names and early Christian names that had been in the language long enough to be considered native. The naming pools did continue to evolve, so that a selection of ninth century Frankish names bears little resemblance to a selection of twelfth century French names. The interesting thing is that the "early Christian names" changed the least in most name pools.The pool of names in use in England changed radically with the Norman conquest in 1066. Previous to this, dithematic (compound names with two elements) such as Bealdwine, Cuthbert, Eadgyth, Ethelwine, Etheldreda, Wilfrith and Wulfgar predominated. With the political ascendancy of the Normans, French names of Germanic origin became prevalent within two or three generations of the Conquest. As a result names like Emma, Matilda, Richard, and William, became constants in English nomenclature. At the same time a few Old English names, like Edward and Alfred, were preserved because they were names of saints or prominent kings; others were preserved because they were reinforced and modified by Germanic names from the Normans like Robert. Since the Middle Ages, this pool has continued to expand and change due to various influences, which are explained in E. G. Withycombe's The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names.Surnames developed from bynames, which are additional identifiers used to distinguish two people with the same given name. These bynames tend to fall into particular patterns. These usually started out as specific to a person and became inherited from father to son between the twelfth and sixteenth century. The aristocracy usually adopted inherited surnames early on and the peasants did so later. Some of the specific types are: the patronymic (referring to the father or mother), a locative or toponymic (indicating where a person is from), an epithet (which describes a person in some way) or a name derived from occupation, office or status. Most cultures use surnames developed from one or more of these types of bynames. P. H.Reaney's Origins of English Surnames covers the formations of these various types of bynames in much greater detail than is possible here.Patronymics are common in almost all European cultures. These are usually formations that mean "x son of y" or "x daughter of y". The parent indicated is usually the father, but the mother's name may also occur in some cases. Patronymics were formed in various ways in English; Johnson, Richards and Henry are representative. Johnson shows the full development; it obviously means son of John or John's son. The "son" could also be understood, by the position in the name, so Richard's son Martin might be called Martin Richards instead of Martin Richardson. At the same time, Henry's son Martin might be known as Martin Henry, because to the medieval mind the position of the name Henry would imply that Martin was Henry's son. Other cultures used different ways of indicating patronymics. In Welsh, the usual form was ap X. If the father's name (X) was Rhys, it would form ap Rhys. Over the centuries this form yielded the names Reese and Price. In Scotland and Ireland the typical patronymic form was mac X, yield names such as MacAndrew, MacDougall, MacGregor and MacLeod.Locative and toponymic bynames are another common form of byname. Locatives are very typical of the aristocracy in England and France. A locative byname indicates that you are from some named place. Typical forms in Old and Middle English are: aet x, atte x, de x, of x. For example æt Lintone, atte Homwode, de London, de Ebor. Sometimes the name of the place followed the given name directly, without a preposition, thus forming the bynames Linton, Homwode, London and York. An excellent list of placenames in England can be found in Ekwall's Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Placenames.Toponymic bynames are derived from topographic or other local features of the landscape. For example, a man dwelling near a prominent beech tree might use "atte Beche", " de Beche" or " de la Beche" as his byname. A man dwelling on or near a hill might use "del Hill," "atte Hil" or "of the Hill." A man dwelling near marshy ground might use "atte Fen" or "del Fen." Names of this type are quite common in England. Eventually, of course, these usually wore down to Beech, Hill and Fen.Epithets are bynames that refer to some personal characteristic of the bearer. In the Middle Ages, a person acquired this from friends and acquaintances. An appellation of this sort can be complimentary, uncomplimentary or simply descriptive. Nicknames can take various forms: descriptive of physical characteristics of some kind like Blakloc, the Small, Armstrong or Grenehod, or descriptive of character or mental or moral characteristics, such as Wastepenny, Slyman, Careless, Bonfaith. Sometimes a nickname can be metaphoric (i.e. "John is like a ") yielding names like "Peppercorn" for a small person and "Fairweather" for a cheerful, sunny person. A wonderful source for English nicknames is Jan Jönsjo's Studies on Middle English Nicknames.Occupational names are often the most obvious in origin. Baker, Brewer, Weaver, Taylor and Smith are fairly obvious in meaning. Some of these occupational bynames also have feminine versions which became hereditary surnames. For example, the feminine of Baker is Baxter,the feminine of Brewer is Brewster and the feminine of Weaver is Webster. However, more than half of the recorded people with these feminine surnames are male. Occupational surnames as a class are considered to also contain office names. Examples of office names are those such as Marshall (a tender of horses, or an office of high state) and Steward (a manager of an estate) and Abbott (the head of an abbey).This is a brief overview of a vast amount of material. Many trends in naming practices have been touched on briefly, if at all. Many interesting points in the history of names have been neglected completely. If you are interested in researching more on the subject, whether it be on your own name specifically or on the history of nomenclature in general, a good academic library is invaluable. I have included below a short bibliography of useful books on the subject.。
THE BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE MERCHANT OF
VENICE
The Merchant of Venice was considered Shakespeare’s most controversial play and one of the most wonderful masterpieces of describing misers in the literature.
The merchant of Venice was written by Shakespeare at the end few years of the 1590s. During these years, British social contradictions gradually sharpen up which result in his deep think of his humanistic and British reality, at that time, the oppression that Jews were suffering in British was more serious than in any other countries in Europe. Jews at that time lived a difficult life. They were suppressed seriously; therefore they have to make living by lending out money at an exorbitant rate of interest. We all know Shylock is a typical affronted Jew in this play. He was a scrivener in this play. At that time, a young man named Bassano who heard about news that Portia, a rich man’s daughter, she got three boxes: a gold box, a silver box, and a lead one. If somebody chosen the box contained her portrait, then she would marry the man. Therefore, he determined to win Portia. However, he needed three thousand ducats to reach his goal. For lack of money, he had to turn to his good friend, a rich merchant Antonio for help. Unfortunately, at this time, Antonio’s money was put into the business and he could not withdraw it right now. To help his best friend, he was forced to borrow money from a wealthy
Jewish scrivener as well as usury. Although he promised to lend him the money. He put forward a strange request that if Antonio could not repay the debt on time, he could cut a pound of flesh from Antonio’s body. And Antonio signed the contact. Fortunately, in the end, shylock was defeated by Portia’s wit and intelligence.
My Comments on Shylock
Generally speaking, shylock always left a cruel, greedy and gainful money-lender image to the readers of The Merchant of Venice. He considered treasure as the most important things in his life even more important than his daughter. When his daughter ran away with a large amount of jewels which were stolen from his, he can not help shouting and curing his daughter to die immediately. How merciless the father is! He was also a hypocritical and cunning businessman. We can seen from this play, when he came on the stage in the first time, he just keep swearing to the god that if he got some treasure, he must do something good and help the poor leave the poverty. However, when he became a wealthy man, he do the exactly the opposite things such as exploit people, being rude to the poor, and cheating.
On the one hand, he is a typical heartless miser in keeping money. On the other hand, he is also a pitiful victim at that time. He is an affronted Jew who suffered much in the hands of the Christians. At that time, shylock dared to allocate assert in case his assert being expropriated
and he had to make living by lending out money at an exorbitant rate of interest. In some degree, he was also a brave resistant who was suffering from the pressure of racial discrimination. He dared to require justice and to revenge against his enemies. His perseverance and strong mind are also of irresistible charm to the audience in our modern society. Therefore, we should not only just criticize shylock as a bloody capitalism, but also an oppressor who was fight against the unfair treatment in different races and nations.
英语教育本科一班
07号韩晨晨。