北京市各区2010---2012高三英语一、二模试题七选五汇总

北京市各区2010---2012高考英语模拟试题（一、二模试题）七选五部分海淀区（2010年一模试题）：The MississippiThe Mississippi is a great river whose relationship with man goes way back beyond its discovery in the 16th century. The River Indians used it as a highway and as a source of food, and it was they who gave it its name—―misi‖meaning―great‖and―sipi‖meaning―water‖．When the length of its branch, the Missouri, is added to it, the Mississippi becomes greater. 71 . From the source of the Missouri to the tip of the delta (三角洲), it is 2, 480 miles long.Great rivers are likely to suffer floods. In 1927 the Mississippi flooded 26 thousand acres, sweeping away farms, towns, everything in its path. In 1938 its floods drowned or killed 200 people and made millions homeless. Today the river has largely been controlled. 72 .Industries have spread down some of the waterways of the delta, but otherwise the delta is a remote place, the homeland of a little colony of French Canadians that the British drove out of Nova Scotia in the 18th century. They still speak French, mixed with English, Indian, Spanish and Negro idioms. They keep to themselves, fanning the rich soil of the delta. 73 .74 . Pioneers who first reached its banks wondered not only where it went, but what lay beyond. In 1764 the French founded a city on the right bank of the river, and named it after their king, Louis XV. This city, named St. Louis, became the jumping-off place for the adventurous men and women who opened up the Great Plains, and the way to the Far West.Some 40 years earlier, at the beginning of the 18th century, the French had founded another city just above the Mississippi delta, New Orleans. 75 . New Orleans is one of the great ports of the world, and one of the greatest terminals for both sea and river traffic.A．It was the Mississippi that made the city what it isB．Levees, high banks built of earth, hold back the flood watersC．Therefore, as we know, it‘s the third longest river in the worldD．It is known that the―Great Water‖has also been a frontier riverE．However, they paddled up and down the Mississippi in their boats to seek their fortuneF．The―Great Water‖always remains a thread, for the streets of the city are below the level of the riverG．They call themselves Cajuns, who have actually been leading fairly primitive lives and preserving their own traditions 海淀区（2010年二模试题）：Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal – or at least many parts of it have. 71 . Ideas about social class –whether a person is ―working - class‖ or ―middle - class‖ – are one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her "housekeeping", would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The old style of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was-and still is - inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a most important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. 72 . Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity （or the education and training）to make such long-term plans.73 . In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much as their middle – class supervisors (管理者). Social security and laws to improve century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about "tomorrow". Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority(自卑感). In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.74 .They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in precious generations. 75 . As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.A．Nowadays, a great deal has changedB．Both of these provided him and his family with securityC．As a result, differences in life – styles and attitudes came into existenceD．However, we still have a wide gap between the well – paid and the low - paidE．In recent years, the working – class people have begun to design long – term plansF．In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concernedG．The changes in both life – styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people海淀区（2011年一模试题）：Our Fears can change the Reality of the SituationAt times, our worries and anxieties can defeat us. In addition, our worries can change our understanding of what is reality and what is not. Here is a brief list of techniques that you can use to help gain a better viewpoint on things during your anxious moments.71 A person should take a deep breath and try to find something to do for a few minutes to get their mind off the problem. A person could get some fresh air, listen to some music, or do an activity that will give them a fresh perspective on things.Remember that our fearful thoughts are made to seem worse and can make the problem worse. 72 When unexpectedly having thoughts that make you fearful or anxious, challenge those thoughts by asking yourself questions that will maintain objectivity and common sense.Be smart in how you deal with your fears and anxieties. Do not try to deal with everything all at once. When facing a current or upcoming task that makes you anxious, break the task into a series of smaller steps. 73Remember that all the worrying in the world will not change anything. Most of what we worry about never comes true.74 Everything else you can leave in the hands of God.It is not easy to deal with all of our fears and worries. When your fears and anxieties have the best of you, try to calm down and then get the facts of the situation. The key is to take it slow. All you can do is do your best each day, hope for the best, and when something does happen, take it easy. 75A. Take it one step at a time and things will work out.B. When feeling anxious, stop what you are doing and try to do something relaxing.C. This will give you the confidence to manage your anxiety.D. Instead o f worrying about something that probably won‘t happen, concentrate on what you are able to do.E. The next time you feel depressed, review your list and think about the good things that you have in your lifeF. A good way to manage your worry is to challenge your negative thinking with positive statements and realistic thinking.G. Completing these smaller tasks one at a time will make the stress more manageable and increases your chances of success.海淀区（2011年二模试题）：The First AmericansThere was a time long ago when a land bridge connected Asia and North America．The first settlers in North America crossed this land bridge from what is now Siberia to Alaska．The people who made this initial crossing were probably following the animals they used for food．Eventually, the oceans rose and the land bridge between the continents disappeared．The settlers, who I shall call the "First Americans" , could not return to their homeland．71For the next few thousand years, the First Americans migrated south and east throughout North and South America．They made the journey all the way from Alaska to the southern! tip of South America, a distance of more than 10,000 miles．72 In the far north, above the Arctic Circle, the First Americans became hunters of the ocean．73 In the brief summer, they gathered berries and other plants．In the winter, they stayed in lodges much of the time preparing for the next summer．It was a hard life, but they learned to survive in these harsh conditions．Farther south, in what is now Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico, the First Americans became cliff dwellers （悬崖居民）．They began by living in caves that already existed in the cliffs．74 The dwellings they constructed in many ways resembled today's apartment buildings．75 They built a system of dams and canals so they could store and use water almost any time of the year．They wereso successful that they could raise fruits and vegetables that were not found naturally in the desert．In Mexico and South America, the First Americans founded civilizations that were among the greatest in the world．They built huge pyramids, lived in fabulous cities, and made great advances in science and mathematics long before the Europeans arrived．A. They also discovered foods like corn and potatoes．B. Along the way, they established many different civilizations．C. The First Americans of the Southwest learned to irrigate the desert．D. They would have to survive in the New World, they had discovered．E. They built boats of animal skins and hunted or fished for their food．F. People living near each other tended to share similar environments and customs．G. They discovered how to add to the caves by building structures of wood and stone．海淀区（2012年一模试题）：If you have ever been in a school play or even made believe you were a doctor, detective, or a space traveler, you know the enjoyment that acting brings. Almost all of us have the wish to play the part of someone—or something—else. 71 In the ancient world, acting was often associated with religious ceremonies and other special occasions. As far back as 2200 B.C. trained Chinese actors performed ceremonial dances in costume and makeup at harvest festivals. 72 To the dance was gradually added pantomime—the imitation of movements and gestures—as well as the wearing of masks, the singing of chants, and finally the use of dialogue.While acting was coming into its own in the ancient Chinese classical theatre, it was doing the same in the western world, in Greece. From about 500 B.C. on, acting became a highly specialized art in Greece. Greek actors, however, still wore masks, and their motions were largely fixed by custom. 73Modern acting, by contrast, gives the individual actor great opportunity to develop his or her personal talents for serious, comic, or musical drama. The names, faces, and styles of famous movie actors are known worldwide. 74 A special form of acting takes place in radio drama, which was highly popular before television. In radio drama the actors face an unique challenge. They are unseen by their audience. So they must rely on voice alone to make their characters real to the listeners.75 Only forty percent of Broadway actors are employed, most of them for only part of the year. Those who become stars need not only talent, but determination. They must not be easily discouraged. Otherwise, they might give up before the opportunity for stardom presents itself.A. The origins of acting are in the act of remembering.B. Drama in Greece began with festivals honoring Dionysus.C. It is believed that this was the first step in the development of acting.D. Historical records indicate that this desire is as old as civilization itself.E. Acting is not, as many people think, a quick, easy road to fame and riches.F. Broadway and television provide other stages on which actors can display their talent.G. Consequently, they had little opportunity to demonstrate their individual personalities.海淀区（2012年二模试题）：―Look it up in the dictionary‖ is the usual comment when people are in doubt about the meaning or spelling of a word. Dictionaries are considered the final authority on these matters as well as on pronunciations and other facts about a word.Until a few hundred years ago, however, people could not ―look it up‖ because there were no English dictionaries. The ancient Greeks and Romans and the scholars of the Middle Ages had made lists of Latin and Greek words. 71 The first great English dictionary listing both common and uncommon words was written by Samuel Johnson in 1755.In America, the most famous name in dictionary writing is that of Noah Webster. He stressed American rather than British ways of speaking. His great dictionary, which first appeared in 1828, has been republished many times. 72 The latestedition is still considered ―the‖ dictionary. It defines over 450,000 words, including radar, television and many others undreamed of by Webster.73 The huge ones that rest on stands in libraries are called unabridged, meaning ―not shortened.‖ They tell not only a word‘s meaning and spelling but also its pronunciation, origin, history, part of speech, grammatical forms, and ways o f use. The smaller ones do not provide all this information.74 A bilingual dictionary, such as a Spanish-English dictionary, translates words from one language into another.A thesaurus lists other words that mean the same as each listed word. A gazetteer lists place names, and a glossary is a small dictionary in a book defining technical words in that book. There are also dictionaries of scientific terms and ones on many other topics. There is even a dictionary of slang. 75 The dictionary is one of our most valuable language tools.A. Each time, it has been updated.B. General dictionaries are not the only kind.C. Thus there are many kinds of special dictionaries.D. In a general dictionary, each word may have multiple meanings.E. Dictionaries that list all kinds of words are known as general dictionaries.F. Over the previous 150 years more than 20 dictionaries had been published.G. But it was not until 1604 that a book of uncommon English words appeared.西城区（2010年一模试题）：Friends play an important part in our lives，and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted, we often don‘t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, 71 ．Moreover, a great many relationships come under the general term ―friendship‖．In all cases，two people like one another and enjoy being together，but beyond that，the degree of closeness between them and the reasons for their interest in each other change greatly．At the beginning, much depends on how people meet，and on good first impressions. As weget to know people, 72 . Although these factors are not of the greatest importance，it is moredifficult to have a good relationship with people when there is a big difference in age and background．Then, 73 ．Friends will stand closer together and will spend more time looking at each other than ordinary friends．Smiles and soft voices also express friendliness，and it is because they may give the wrong signals that shy people often have difficulty making friends. A friendly look with a wrong facial expression can turn into an unfriendly stare，and nervousness may be wrongly understood as unfriendliness．Some relationships are a result of argument and discussion，but it is usual for close friends to have the same ideas and beliefs，the same opinion and interests. The more closely involved people become．the more they depend on each other. And 74 . Equally, friends have to learn to make allowances for each other, to put up with annoying habits，and to accept differences in opinion.In contrast with marriage, 75 . But the support and understanding that results fro m shared experiences and affections does seem to create a close and lasting relationshipA．we are usually friends with only a fewB．many factors can affect friendship and relationshipC．people want to do friends favors and hate to let them downD．argument and discussion can improve personal relationshipsE．we consider things like age，race，looks，economic and social status，etcF．we pay attention to actual behavior，facial expression，and the way a person speaksG．there a re no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the relationship between two people西城区（2010年二模试题）：SELF STUDY TIPSHowever difficult you find it to arrange your time, it will pay off in the long run if you set aside a certain part of the dayfor studying －and stick to it. 71 . But don‘t forget to make sure that you have enough left for recreational activities or simply to be ―with‖ yourself: reading a novel or watching a television programme.As part of your weekly schedule, it is also advisable to consider exactly what you have to do in that week, and make sure that you handle the most significant tasks first. 72 .On a physical level, make sure you have an area or space for studying. 73 .If you always study in the same place, preferably a room of your own , you will find it easier to adjust mentally to the activity when you enter that area. You should have everything that you might need at hand.Make sure that all the physical equipment that you use , such as a desk, chair etc. is at good height for you. If you use a personal computer, there are plenty of guidelines available from the movement on angles, lighting and the like. 74 .If you are working on topic your teacher has set, but finding it hard to concentrate, it may be that you actually need to take your mind right off it for a period of time. 75 .After a period away from the test, having not thought about it at all, you may return to it refreshed and full of ideas.A．It‘s wise to leave the easier or less urgent areas of your work until laterB．It‘s all too easy to read something and then forget where it came fromC．Consult these and avoid the typical student aches and painsD．―Airing the mind‖can work wonders sometimesE．Make use of equipment that is available to youF．It is best to make a weekly scheduleG．Don‘t do it just any where西城区（2011年一模试题）：The Value of TearsTears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose．Tears leave you embarrassed and without energy．Still, crying is a fact of life, and your tears are very useful．Even．when you're not crying, they make a film over the eye's surface．71When tears fall, they reduce stress．But we tend to fight them for all! sorts of reasons．"People worry about showing their emotions （情绪）, afraid that once they lose control they'll never get it back．" 72 After we cry, the feelings that caused the tears often disappear．Sometimes people become much stressed and can't cry．Whatever emotion they are feeling—shock, anger, fear, or sadness—is being held back．But everyone has the need to cry．Psychologist Vera Diamond explains that her treatment often consists of giving people permission to cry．73 Patients practice crying just to become used to expressing emotions．She suggests safe, private places to cry, like under the bedcovers or in the car．Crying is a way of reducing tension, but people don't like it．when others cry because it makes them tense．74 And they'll do just about anything to make you stop．In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate．It's good not to cry during a tense business discussion．75 You should also act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like．It will help you feel better．"And," she adds, "Once your tears have taken away the stress, you can begin to think calmly of ways to deal with the problem．"Tears are a sign of our ability to feel．If you find yourself near someone crying, deal with it．And never be afraid to cry yourself．A．They too may be holding back a need to cry．B．They cry for different reasons．C．She gives crying exercises．D．It contains a chemical against infection（炎症）.E．The fact is that no emotion lasts forever．F．It forms in response to the stress on the surface of the eye．G．But once you're safely behind closed doors, don't just cry．西城区（2011年二模试题）：Why Cats Scratch TingsIn has long been assumed that when cats scratch objects with their front paws（爪子）that they are sharpening their claws.71 Research on cat behavior suggests that the major reason for this behavior is communication. By scratching up the bark of a tree (or the leg of your favorite chair) the cat is letting other cats or people know where she is and what she is up to.Cats tend to pick a small number of noticeable objects in their environments to scratch such as trees, fence posts repeatedly. 72 The scratched surface leaves a highly visible mark that can be easily seen by other cats. In addition, cats have special glands （腺）in their paws so that when they make scratching movements they leave scent（气味）that the cats can smell. The fact that cats leave scent marks by making scratching movements may be the reason that cats will continue to scratch objects even after they have been declawed. 73We don‘t know exactly what cats are communicating with their scratching. Both males and females do it. It is done inside and outside the home and even by cats living with no other cats around. 74 Cats don‘t scratch up your furniture to bother you or just to be destructive, but for specific reasons, one of which is communicating. Cats also scratch to extend their bodies, during play, and possibly as a greeting or to relieve dissatisfaction when prevented from doing other things they want to do.75 It is easier to prevent problem scratching rather than trying to change your cat‘s preference for the arm of your sofa after it has become a built up habit. Thus, the goal is to establish acceptable scratching habits by getting your cat to prefer a scratching post rather than the arm of your sofa.A．It turns out that this is only a secondary reason.B．This is why the tree next door looks so scratched up.C．Cats use other parts of their bodies to communicate as well.D．Small pieces of bark have accumulated on the ground underneath.E．Scratching can result in considerable damage, owner dissatisfaction.F．Declawed cats may still be leaving scent marks on objects they scratch.G．It could be a defensive warning or just a marker that announces its existence.西城区（2012年一模试题）：ClaustrophobiaClaustrophobia, or fear of enclosed spaces, is one of the most common fears. Claustrophobia can be deep fear or even panic as a result of being in a small space.Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience (such as being trapped in a small space during a childhood game), or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces (such as being stuck in a lift). _____71______ This response then becomes programmed in the brain, making an association between being in a tight space and feeling anxious or out-of-control. As a result, the person often develops claustrophobia.According to Mark Powers, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychology at Southern Methodist University, "Claustrophobia is a specific fear and not a type of panic disorder. The primary specific danger forecasts for claustrophobia are that either the person will be trapped or run out of air."_____72______Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, passing out, light-headedness, shaking, breathing problem, etc.Some common situations can cause anxiety in claustrophobia sufferers. The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, avoid taking lifts when inside a building, or stand near a door when at a party. _____73______Claustrophobia can have harmful social and psychological effects, since the patient will often avoid situations in which she thinks she will have an anxiety attack, leading to hiding and sadness._____74______ According to Dr. Powers, "Exposure treatment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly."Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes; a less extreme form of exposure treatment is counter-conditioning. Counter-conditioning includes behavior treatment, as the person is taught visualization and relaxation techniques before being slowly reintroduced to the cause situation._____75______Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart pounding often associated with anxiety attacks.A. The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable.B. The past experience can trace back to the moment of birth.C. According to some doctors, claustrophobia is worse than the fear of heights.D. When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack.E. In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person.F. Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments.G. When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways.西城区（2012年二模试题）：Planking: a brief historyThe rules are simple: you must lie face down, palms(手掌) flat against your sides, with your feet together and pointing at the ground. Points are awarded for an original location and for the number of onlookers and participants involved. ______71_____ Without a photo, you‘re just a person lying down. Thi s is planking, described variously as a global participatory art project, a "meaningless internet craze".It began 14 years ago with a pair of bored kids. Gary Clarkson, then 15, and his friend Christian Langdon, 12, would perform the plank in public places, amusing one another and puzzling onlookers. _____72______ The game was a pointless way for the boys to pass the time. As Clarkson puts it: "It was just a really stupid, random thing to do."Forits first 10 years planking spread very slowly, from Clarkson and Langdon to their friends at school and, after a while, on to other kids from the neighborhood. ______73______ Soon, they had a few thousand followers. Photographs of plankers came in from all over the world: American plankers on top of their televisions, British plankers in trees, and Europeans on country roads and steep riverbanks.Then things got really interesting. A few days later, a mass gathering of plankers attracted more than 100 people. The planking in the photos posted to Facebook became riskier and stranger. One brave airport worker performed the plank in the engine fan of a jet plane.______74______ Some people have linked the practice to the 1995 video for the Radiohead song, ―Just‖. In the video, a man li es down on a busy London road and a crowd of strangers gather to try to understand and help him. He refuses to move, or to tell them why he‘s lying there. He tells them – but not us, the viewers – and all we see is that now the entire crowd is lying down o n the pavement as well. _____75______ "People generally think you‘re mad," as creator Gary Clarkson puts ,it. "That‘s sort of the point."A. You must, of course, have somebody take a photo.B. Many people believe planking is a good way to pass the time.C. At that time, it was known simply as the Lying Down Game.D. We can read about planking all of the time on internet websites.E. Whether the video is the inspiration or not, it helps us understand the spirit of planking.F. Then, in 2007, when the pair created a Facebook group for their game, the pace accelerated.G. It‘s not clear – and Clarkson and Langdon don‘t remember – where exactly the idea for planking came from.东城区（2010年一模试题）：The wife-carrying World Championship has been celebrated in a small town in central Finland since 1992. In 1992, the people of the town decided to restart some long-forgotten traditions. 71 He was said to only accept men as members of his gang who proved their worth in challenges. At that time, it was also a common practice to steal women from neighboring villages.72 A large number of competitors, people, and journalist s from Finland to Canada attend the Wife-carrying World Championship every year.73 The Wife-carrying World Championship is held on a 253.3 meters long official track. The track has two dry obstacles and a water obstacle, about a meter deep. The wife to be carried may be your own, or your neighbor‘s. The minimum weight of the wife to be carried is 49 kg. If she is less than 49kg. If she is less than 49kg, the wife will be given a heavy bag to carry. Each time a competitor drops his wife, that couple will be fined 15 seconds. 74Alongside with the Wife-carring World Championship, there is also a team competition. The distance is the same but three men in the team carry the wife in turns. At the exchange point the carrier has to drink official ―wife-carrying drink.‖ Then he may continue the race. 75While the Wife-carrying World Championship is being held, there are bands playing music, a wife carrying dance and。